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Existing and mature programs at SLAC will be followed to ensure that all aspects of the design,
installation, testing, operational, decommissioning phases of the project are reviewed and consistent
with good practices. For example, experimental activities follow SLAC’s Experimental Project Review
Process to ensure the Environment, Safety, and Health (ESH) aspects of the experiment are adequately
identified and addressed before authorization and release of project activities. This review process
includes the involvement of subject matter experts and institutional safety officers. (i.e. Radiation, Laser,
Electrical etc.). Assurance of consistency of engineering conventional facilities designs with and Codes
and Standards is established through independent peer review and internal SLAC evaluations conducted
by the SLAC Building Inspection Office (BIO). The code checks are conducted by subject matter having
relevant knowledge or skills [2] experts selected by the BIO.
Hazards and selected mitigation will be documented in the LCLS-II Safety Assessment Document.
SLAC has several decades’ of experience operating electron accelerators and their accompanying
accelerator based user facilities. Policies, procedures, engineered safety systems have been developed
to control the hazards and risks associated with them. Table 13.1, summarizes the hazards and
mitigating controls.
The LCLS-II project will not generate new hazards that have not already been contemplated and
addressed during previous SLAC projects or routine operations. The potential hazards that have been
initially identified can be mitigated through established SLAC ES&H policies and procedures. In some
cases it is anticipated that new technologies will be developed to mitigate potential hazards.
1
ISEMS contract clause from the DOE Acquisition Regulations [DEAR], specifically DEAR 970.5204.-2, “Integration
of Environment Safety and Health into Planning and Execution”.
As installation of the LCLS-II will not require a significant change to the present shielding footprint, the
PPS will undergo only necessary upgrades and enhancements to address the new facility and operating
conditions. These upgrades include: additional status and control interfaces to accommodate new
power supplies; access control modules for the injector and experimental areas; logic upgrades;
interlocks with beam stoppers, Beam Shut Off Ion Chambers (BSOICs), and with burn-through monitors
that are controlled through the PPS. The PPS will conceptually remain very close to other PPS
installations used for LCLS in terms of design, functions and configuration.
Administrative requirements are mandated to ensure reliable operation. This requires that the PPS
devices be certified, tested, and protected against unauthorized modification.
All additions and changes will conform to the Radiation Safety Systems Technical Basis Document,
Chapter 2 Personnel Protection Systems [4].
Primary mitigation of the hazard will be through deenergizing equipment, placement of barriers and the
effective use of written system Lockout and Tagout (LOTO) procedures[7].
The design, upgrade, installation and operation of electrical equipment will be in compliance with the
National Electrical Code, Title 29 Code of federal Regulations, Parts 1910 and 1926 (as applicable) and
SLAC's policy on Electrical Safety, SLAC ES&H Manual Chapter 8[8]. Entry into the accelerator housing
requires the mitigation of electrical hazards through either the lockout of power supplies or selective
use of mechanical barriers, interlocked to further reduce the risk of exposure to electrical shock. Various
levels of electrical safety training and LOTO training are provided by SLAC for those personnel who may
work on or near potential electrical hazards.
Special procedures authorized through the SLAC Director will be developed to permit qualified
personnel to occupy areas adjacent to energized magnets. These are called Electrical Hazard Test
Procedures and allow local control of the electrical power supply feeding a single magnet, or unique
string of magnets, that are to be tested.
detection and mitigation systems, and a normal response from the onsite fire department is limited to
isolated components, such as magnets, vacuum chamber and associated cabling. The most hazardous
"reasonably foreseeable" incident or event with any substantial consequences would be a fire in existing
insulating material of the electrical cable plant caused by an overload condition. The hazard of greatest
concern in this situation is the production of halogenated gases. The ES&H Manual Chapter 12, “Fire and
Life Safety” [13] addresses all fire safety issues. A Fire and Life Safety Assessment of the LCLS Project will
be completed by the SLAC Building Inspection Office (BIO) to verify that the facility meets all applicable
NFPA and IBC regulatory requirements.
Installation of new cables for the LCLS-II will meet the current SLAC standards for cable insulation and
comply with National Electric Code (NEC) standards concerning cable fire resistance. While this reduces
the probability of a fire starting, an aspiration type smoke detection system (VESDA) in the accelerator
housing, undulator tunnel and experimental hall; and fire breaks in the cable trays will limit fire travel.
Support buildings for power supplies, electronic equipment or experimental areas are protected by
automatic heat activated wet sprinkler systems and smoke detectors. Fire extinguishers are located in all
buildings and accelerator housings for use by trained personnel. The combination of smoke detection
systems, sprinklers and onsite fire department (response time <5 minutes) affords an early warning and
timely response to fire or smoke related incidents. Burn injuries caused by a fire are not expected.
Personnel access areas in both the Linac accelerator housing and support buildings are within 150 ft of
an exit in both directions. Multiple entry/exit points will aid in keeping personnel emergency egress
times and property damage to a minimum.
consequences. NEPA also includes provisions to include coordination and integration of reviews of other
environmental laws and executive orders. Examples are the Endangered Species Act,
floodplain/wetlands regulations, Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, “Greening the Government”
initiatives, and the National Historic Preservation Act. The LCLS-II Tunneling Plan will also address EPA
requirements which relate to tunneling and excavation construction activities including the SLAC
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permitting process for total suspended solids
released to surface water and storm water runoff requirements.
All activities will be managed to prevent adverse impact on ground water and storm water quality, air
quality and to minimize any ground disturbing activities.
Effective use of these criteria will enable the LCLS-II project to:
Design in quality and reliability.
Promote early detection of problems to minimize failure costs and impact on schedule.
Develop appropriate documentation to support upgrade and operational requirements.
Establish methods to identify critical systems and to release these systems based on
demonstrated performance.
Define the general requirements for design and readiness reviews for all aspects of the project.
Assuring personnel are trained before performing critical activities, especially those that have
ES&H consequences.
The LCLS-II QA Manager will develop an LCLS-II specific Quality Implementation Procedure that will
detail how the quality assurance program for the LCLS-II project will be handled in keeping with the
general requirements that are defined in the SLAC Assurance Program Description.