ANNASAHEB DANGE COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, ASHTA

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MINI PROJECT SYNOPSIS

Name of students with roll number: -

479 Mali Omkar Gajanan

480 Bhagat Dipak Baba

481 Bramhane Ganesh Somnath

Name of guide : - Mr. S.S Chavan.

Title of project work : - Design & Development of Compound Epicyclic

Gear Train Set Up.

Lab : - Theory of Machine

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1. INTRODUCTION:
Transmission refers to the transfer of engine torque to another system whenever
required. A reduction unit used for this purpose is the gear box. Gear box is a device placed
in between the clutch and the rest of the transmission. It is devices that changes the speed and
torque and transmit power from the engine to the driving wheel. Gear boxes are generally
classified as
a) Selective type
b) Progressive type
c) Epicyclical or Planetary type.
From this above classification, we have projected on Epicyclic or Planetary Gear box. This
is also known as Planetary Gear Train. One shaft is called sun gear shaft and the other shaft
is called planet carrier shaft. The arrangement of the gears and the relative movements are
shown in the fig.

Fig: Compound Epicyclic Gear Train

The central gear is known as sun gear which is in constant mesh with two or three
gears called planet gears. The sun gear will rotate only on its own axis. But the planet gears,
apart from rotating about their own axes, also revolve around the sun gear. The planet gear is
also in constant mesh with the internal tooth of the ring gear provided. The ring gear is
sometimes called as annulus.
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2. THEORY:
An epicyclic gear train consists of two gears mounted so that the center of one gear
revolves around the center of the other. An arm connects the centers of the two gears and
rotates to carry one gear, called the planet gear, around the other, called the sun gear. The
planet and sun gears mesh so that their pitch circles roll without slip. A point on the pitch
circle of the planet gear traces an epicycloid curve. In this simplified case, the sun gear is
fixed and the planetary gears roll around the sun gear.
An epicyclic gear train can be assembled so the planet gear rolls on the inside of the
pitch circle of a fixed, outer gear ring, or ring gear, sometimes called an annular gear. In
this case, the curve traced by a point on the pitch circle of the planet is a hypocycloid.
Compound planetary gear is a general concept and it refers to any planetary gears
involving one or more of the following three types of structures: meshed-planet i.e. there
are at least two or more planets in mesh with each other in each planet train), stepped-planet
(there exists a shaft connection between two planets in each planet train), and multi-stage
structures i.e. the system contains two or more planet sets.
Some designs use stepped-planet which have two differently-sized gears on either end of a
common casting. The large end engages the sun, while the small end engages the ring gear.
This may be necessary to achieve smaller step changes in gear ratio when the overall package
size is limited. The assembly conditions of compound planetary gears are more restrictive
than simple planetary gears, and they must be assembled in the correct initial orientation
relative to each other, or their teeth will not simultaneously engage the sun and ring gear at
opposite ends of the planet, leading to very rough running and short life.
The compound Epicyclic gear train system is similar to epicyclic gear train, only
compound gear is provided on planet gears to achieve required velocity ratio.
The annulus gear is connected to compound gear. Output shaft connected to carrier on which
compound gears are mounted, where motor is connected to sun gear

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 Fig: Automatic Transmission Gearbox

Compound planetary gears can easily achieve larger transmission ratio with equal or
smaller volume. For example, compound planets with teeth in a 2:1 ratio with a 50T ring gear
would give the same effect as a 100T ring gear, but with half the actual diameter.
More planet and sun gear units can be placed in series in the same ring gear housing
where the output shaft of the first stage becomes the input shaft of the next stage providing a
larger or smaller gear ratio. This is the way some automatic transmissions work as shown in
fig above.

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3. Literature Review: -

Robert Willis’s [1857] was widely regarded as the first publication dedicated solely to the

field now called kinematics. In his work, Willis discussed for the first time in published

literature the analytical modeling of an epicyclic gear train. As this work was a study purely

in mechanism, Willis presented only a solution for the rotational speeds in the gear train.

After developed this solution, the author spends the remainder of the work dedicated to

epicyclic gear trains in discussing applications of the mechanism. While this discussion was

well conceived, it covers four remarkably obscure applications of the epicyclic gear train,

owing to the age of the work. As stated previously, this work studied only the pure kinematics

of the gear train, without any discussion of the torques present in the mechanism.

Deane Lent [1961], professor of Mechanical Engineering at Massachusetts Institute

of Technology, published his work, Analysis and Design of Mechanisms. In this work Lent

again presented in detail the methodology of Willis for finding the rotational speeds of each

branch of the epicyclic gear train, along with specific methods for the design of three and

four gear trains. While these techniques were well written and simple to follow, there was

again no discussion of torques present in the system. Also included in this publication were

several applications of the planetary gear train, all significantly more relevant than those

discussed by Willis.

Joseph Shigley and John Uicker [1980] published their kinematics text, Theory of

Machines and Mechanisms. Within this work was not only a treatment of Willis’s

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methodology, but also a more complete definition of the epicyclic gear train. Not only did

they dedicate a significant amount of discussion to this definition, but they also reproduced

Lévai’s figure demonstrating the twelve possible variations of the planetary gear train. Most

importantly, however, they presented a solution technique for the torques present in the gear

train. Unfortunately, they did not approach the static force analysis for the general case; rather

they presented the solution in terms of free body diagrams for a specific arrangement of the

planetary. While this method was relatively simple, it limits the designer to a single

arrangement early in the design process.

John Molnar published his Nomographs in [1981]. This work presents an excellent

introduction to nomographs, as well as discussing at length their use and construction. This

work was instrumental in the construction of the nomographs presented herein. While the

bulk of this publication was dedicated to the reproduction of nomographs covering the broad

general category of problems dealing with air, water, and related mechanical devices, the

introduction provided more than enough information for a novice to completely understood

the construction and use of nomographs for the solution of nearly any problem

4. Proposed Layout:

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 The proposed layout of a compound epicyclic gear train is shown in Fig. The list of
components is as follows:
1. Sun gear
2. Compound gear
3. Ring / Annulus gear
4. Arm
5. Shafts
6. Motor
7. Levers
Objectives of the proposed work:
1. The objectives of the proposed work are
2. To study the fundamentals of compound epicyclic gear train.
3. To design various components of the compound epicyclic gear train.
4. To observe epicyclic motion by fixing annulus gear in compound epicyclic gear ain.
5. To calculate holding torque on fixed member i.e. annulus gear

Proposed Layout
5. Methodology:
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 The proposed work will be carried out in following phases:
Phase I: Literature review
Extensive literature survey will be carried out in order to study mechanism of
compound epicyclic gear train and its detailed design process.
Phase II: Design of compound epicyclic gear train
Various components of the compound epicyclic gear train will be designed using
Design data books, research papers and handbooks. The CAD model of the whole system
will be prepared using suitable CAD package.
Phase III: Manufacturing of compound epicyclic gear train
Detailed drawing will be prepared for manufacturing of the components of the
compound epicyclic gear train
Phase IV: Assembly compound epicyclic gear train and testing:
The proposed mechanism will be manufactured and assembled. The compound
epicyclic gear train will be tested by either fixing sun gear or ring gear.

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 7. Plan of Proposed Work:
Sr. Activity/
Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April
No. Month
1 Literature review
Design of components of
2 Compound epicyclic gear
train
3 Preparation of CAD model

4 Manufacturing

5 Assembly

6 Report writing

7 Submission and oral

8. Detail Budget Estimation:

Sr.
Part Description Approx. Cost (Rs)
No
1 Raw Material Cost 5000
2 Manufacturing Cost 4500
3 Travelling and other cost 1500
Total (Rs) 11000

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9. References:

1. Mr. V. Shyamu, Mr. P Srinivas, Mr. Ch.Jeevan, Dr. AlapatiVenkateswarlu., Design

and fabrication of sun and planetary gear for epicyclic gear box by using adhesive
manufacturing, International Journal Of Advance Research In Science&
Engineering, .4, Aug2015, pp. 284-295.

2. Dr. Charles F. Reinholtz, Chair Dr. Alfred L. Wicks Dr. Robert L. West, Jr.,
Epicyclic Gear Train Solution Techniques with Application to Tandem Bicycling,
Faculty of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,
87, Dec 2013, pp. 01-12.

3 Roland Mathis, Yves Remond, Kinematic and dynamic simulation of epicyclic gear
trains, University Louis Pasteur, CNRS, IMFS, 2 rue Boussingault, 67000
Strasbourg, France, 2009, pp412-424.

4 K Akhila and M Amarnath Reddy, Design, modeling and analysis of a 3 stage

epicyclic planetary reduction Gear unit of a flight vehicle, International Journal
Of Mechanical Engineering & Robotics Research,3, October 2013, pp656-666.

5 R. S. Khurm & J. K. Gupta, A Textbook of Theory of Machine, Publisher: S.

Chand. 2005 Edition. Page Nos.436, 442

6 V. B. Bhandari ,A Textbook of Machine Design , Publisher: Tata McGraw Hills.

3rd Edition 2010.Page Nos. 656

Date:
Place: ADCET, Ashta

Guide Head,
Mr. S. S. Chavan. Mech. Engg. Dept.

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