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This document summarizes an experiment conducted to determine the smoke point of kerosene. The smoke point test measures the maximum flame height in millimeters at which kerosene will burn without producing smoke under standard conditions. In the experiment, kerosene was burned in a smoke point apparatus and the flame height was measured. The smoke point indicates the fuel's tendency to produce smoke, with a higher smoke point representing a cleaner burning fuel. For the kerosene sample tested, the smoke point was determined to be 30mm.
This document summarizes an experiment conducted to determine the smoke point of kerosene. The smoke point test measures the maximum flame height in millimeters at which kerosene will burn without producing smoke under standard conditions. In the experiment, kerosene was burned in a smoke point apparatus and the flame height was measured. The smoke point indicates the fuel's tendency to produce smoke, with a higher smoke point representing a cleaner burning fuel. For the kerosene sample tested, the smoke point was determined to be 30mm.
This document summarizes an experiment conducted to determine the smoke point of kerosene. The smoke point test measures the maximum flame height in millimeters at which kerosene will burn without producing smoke under standard conditions. In the experiment, kerosene was burned in a smoke point apparatus and the flame height was measured. The smoke point indicates the fuel's tendency to produce smoke, with a higher smoke point representing a cleaner burning fuel. For the kerosene sample tested, the smoke point was determined to be 30mm.
university Faculty of Petrochemical Engineering School Petroleum Production technology
Laboratory of petroleum production
EXPERIMENT NUMBERTWO Smoke point
Instructor: Mr. Karwan & Mr. Muhammad
Author Name: Muhammad Akram Experiment Contacted on: 13/Dec/2017 Report Submitted on: 20/Dec /2013 Group: A The aim of this experiment:
The maximum flame height in millimeters at
which kerosene will burn without smoking, tested under standard conditions; used as a measure of the burning cleanliness of jet fuel and kerosene.[ref 1] Introduction: The principle of the method specified is burning the sample in an enclosed wick-fed lamp that is calibrated daily against pure hydrocarbon blends of known smoke point and determining the maximum height of flame that can be achieved with the test fuel without smoking to the nearest 0, 5 mm. The smoke point is related to the hydrocarbon type composition of such fuels. Generally the more aromatic the fuel the smokier the flame. A high smoke point indicates a fuel of low smoke producing tendency. Theory: Although a low smoke point is undesirable in that it may not give a satisfactory range of smokeless performance, a high smoke point alone is no guarantee that a kerosene has generally satisfactory burning characteristics. The smoke point test adequately reflects the essential feature of hydrocarbon type composition in relation to burning characteristics, as already indicated, and consequently no analysis for composition is necessary in the normal evaluation of burning oils. Kerosene can vary widely in its burning quality as measured by carbon deposition, smoke formation, and flame radiation. This is a function of hydrocarbon composition—paraffin have excellent burning properties, in contrast to those of the aromatics (particularly the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons). As a control measure the smoke point test, gives the maximum smokeless flame height in millimeters at which the fuel will burn in a wick-fed lamp under prescribed conditions. The combustion performance of wide-cut fuels correlates well with smoke point when a fuel volatility factor is included, because carbon formation tends to increase with boiling point. However, the smoke point is not always a reliable criterion of combustion performance and should be used in conjunction with other properties. Various alternative laboratory test methods have previously been specified such as the lamp burning test. EQUIPMENT and COMPONENTS USED: 1. Smoke point apparatus 2. Kerosene
The fuel sample is burned in the Smoke Point Lamp,
and the maximum flame height obtainable without smoking is measured. Smoke point apparatus consists of
• Brass lamp body with chimney;
• 0 - 50mm scale markings;
• Brass plated door with glass window;
• Candle socket;
• Brass candle with wick tube and air vent.
• Iron base
The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. The procedure: Soak a piece of extracted and dried wick, not less than 125 mm long, in the sample and place it in the wick tube of the candle. Introduce as near to 20 mL of the prepared sample as available, but not less than 10 mL, at room temperature, into the clean, dry candle. Place the wick tube in the candle and screw home. Take care that the candle air vent is free from fuel. If a wick-trimmer assembly is not being used, cut the wick horizontally and trim it free of frayed ends so that 6 mm projects from the end of the candle. An alternative method of preparing a wick free of twists and frayed ends utilizes a wick-trimmer assembly. The wick trimmer holder is inserted over the top of the wick tube and the long-nosed triceps are inserted through the tube and holder. Light the candle and adjust the wick so that the flame is approximately 10 mm high and allow the lamp to burn for 5 min. Raise the candle until a smoky tail appears, then lower the candle slowly through the following stages of flame appearance, To eliminate errors due to parallax, the eye of the observer shall be slightly to one side of the centerline, so that a reflected image of the flame is seen on the scale on one side of the central vertical white line. Calculation:
20 ml of kerosene inside the tube
5 minute waiting to wet the wick
The height of the flame for
kerosene=30mm Discussion: 1-What is significant of the test?
This test method provides an indication of the relative
smoke producing properties of kerosene.
2-what is the length of the wick?
125 mm.
3-How many observations are required?
About three to four observations are required to get
the precise reading of the scale. Reference: 1: http://www.answers.com/topic/smoke- point#ixzz2l1IpZIKl