SECTION 3

READING COMPREHENSION

Direction : In this section you will read several pessages. Each one is followed by several
question number 1 – 50, you are to choose the one best answer, (A), (B), (C), or (D), to each
question. Then, on your answer sheet, find teh number of question and fill in the space that
corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Question number 1 – 9

In 1972, a century (1 abad) after the first national park in the United States was established at
Yellowstone, legislation was passed to create the National Marine Sanctuaries Program. The
intent to this legislation was to provide protection to selected coastal habitats similar 5 To taht
existing for land areas designated as national parks. The designation of an areas a marine
sanctuary indicates that it is a protected area, just as a national park is. People are permited to
visit and observe there, but living organisms and their environments may not be harmed or
removed.
The Natonal Marine Sancruaries Program is administered by the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, a branch of the United States Department of Commerce. 10
Initialy, 70 sites were proposed as candidates for sanctuary status. Two and a half decade later,
only fifteen sanctuaries had been designated, with half of these established after 1978. They
range in size from the very small (less than l square kilometer) Fegatele Bay National Marine
Sanctuary in American Samoa to the Monterey Bay National Sanctuary in California,
extending over 15,744 square kilometers.
The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is a crucial part of new management practies in
which whole communities of species, and not just Individual species, are offered some degree
of protection from habitat degradation and overexploitation. Only in this way can a reasonable
degree of marine species diversity be maintained in a setting taht also maintains the natural
interrelationships taht exist among these species. 20 Several other types of marine protected
areas. Exist in the United States and other counties. The National Estuarine Research
Reserve System, managed by the United States goverment, Includes 23 designated and procted
estuaries. Outside the United States, marine protected – area programs exist as marine parks,
reserves, and preserves. Over 100 designated areas exist around the periphary of the
Caribbean Sea.
Other range 25 from the well-know Australian Great Barrer Reef Marine Park to lesser-know
parks ini contries such as Thailand and Indonesia, where tourism is placing growing pressures
on fragile coral reef systems, As state, national, and International agencies come to recognize
the importance of conserving marine blodiversity, marine projected areas. Whether as
sanctuaries, parks, or estuarine reserves, will play an increasingly important role in preserving
that diversity.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss? (apa topik utama yang dibahas?)
a. Differences among marine parks, sanctuaries, and reserves (perbedaan antara taman
laut, tempat-tempat perlindungan, dan cadangan/penampungan)
b. Various marine conservation programs (berbagai program konservasi laut)
c. International agreements on coastal protection (perjanjian internasional tentang
perlindungan pantai)
d. Similarities between land and sea protected environments (persamaan antara tanah
dan lingkungan laut yang dilindungi)
2. The word “intent” in line 3 is closest in meaning to ... (kata “maksud” di baris ke 3
memiliki arti yg sama dengan (terdekat dengan)...
a. Repetiton (ulang)
b. Approval (persetujuan/izin)
c. Goal (tujuan,sasaran,cita-cita)
d. Revision (perbaikan)
3. The word “administered” in line 8 closest in meaning to .... (kata “mengatur/diatur” di
baris ke 8 itu memiliki arti yg sama dengan (terdekat dengan) ....
a. Managed (mengatur, mengurus)
b. Recognized (mengenali/dikenali)
c. Opposed (menentang/ditentang)
d. Justified (pembenaran)
4. The word “these” in line 11 refers to .... (kata “ini” (these bentuk jamak dari this) dalam
baris ke 11 mengacu pada ......
a. Sites (tempat)
b. Candidates (calon)
c. Decades (dekade – dasawarsa)
d. Sanctuaries (tempat berlidnung)
5. The passage mentions the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (line 13-14) as an
example of a santuary that ...
(paragraf itu menyebutkan jika Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (baris ke 13
– 14) adalah contoh Sanctuary (tempat berlindung) yang ........
a. Is not well know (tidak baik untuk diketahui)
b. Covers a large area (melindungi tempat besar) – ini semula kecil si sactuary nya
namanya Fagatele Bay, kemudian besar jadi Monterey Bay...
c. Is smaller than the Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary (lebih kecil dari
Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary)
d. Was not originally proposed for sanctuary status
6. According to the passage, when was the National Marine Sanctuarie Program
established? (kapan National Sanstuarie Program didirikan?)
a. Before 1972 (sebelum 1972)
b. After 1987 (setelah tahun 1987)
c. One hundred years before national parks were established (100 tahun sebelum
taman nasional didirikan
d. One hundred years after Yellowstone National Park was establish (100 tahun
setelah taman nasional taman nasional Yellowstone didirikan)
 7. According to this passage, all of the following are achieverments of the National Marine
Sanctuaries Program EXCEPT .. (Dibawah ini merupakan mencapaian dari The
National Marine Sanctuaries Program, KECUALI)
a. The discovery of several new marine organisme (penemuan beberapa biota laut)
b. The preservation of connections between individual marine species (pelestarian
hubungan antara spesies individu laut)
c. The protection of coastal habitats (perlindungan habitat laut)
d. The establshment of areas where the public can absenrve marine life (pembentukan
tempat dimana masyarakat dapat mengamati kehidupan laut)
8. The word “periphery” in line 24 is closest in meaning to ... (keliling,batas luar)
a. Depth (dalam,kedalaman)
b. Landmass (luas wilayah)
c. Warm habitat
d. Outer edge (tepi,pinggir—pinggiran paling luar)
9. The passage mentions which of the following as a threat to marine areas outside the
United States? (pernyataan berikut yang merupakan ancaman terhadap wilayah luar laut
di Amerika Serikat adalah?)
a. Limitations in financial support (terbatasnya dukungan keuangan)
b. The use of marine species as food (penggunaan spesies laut sebagai makanan)
c. Variability of the climate (keberagaman iklim/perubahan iklim)
d. Increases in tourism (peningkatan pariwisata)

Questions 10-17
From their Inception, most rural neighborhoods in colonial North America included at least
one carpenter, joiner, sawyer, and cooper in woodworking; a weaver and a tailor for clothing
production; a tanner, currier, and cordwainer (shoemaker) for fabricating leather objects; and
a blacksmith for metalwork. Where stone was the local building material, a 5 mason was sure
to appear on the list of people who paid taxees. With only an apprention as an assistant, the
rural artisan provided the neighorhood with common goods from furniture to shoes to farm
equipment in exchange for cash or for “goods ini kind” from the customer’s field, pasture, or
dalry. Sometimes artisans transformed material provided by the customer wave cloth of yam
spun at the farm from the wool of the family sheep; made chairs or tables 10 from wood cut in
customer’s own woodlok, produced shoes or leather breeches from cow, deer, or sheepskin
tanned on teh farm.
Like their farming neighbors, rural artisans were part of an economy seen, by one historian, as
a”an orchestra conducted bya nature”. Some tasks could not be done in the winter, other had
to be put off during harvest time, and still other waited on raw materials that were 15 only
produced seasonally. As the days grew shorter, shop hours kept pace, since few artisans could
afford enough atificial light to continue work when the Sun went down. To the best of their
ability, colonial artisans tried to keep their shops as efficient as possible and to regularize their
schedules and methods of production for the best return on their Investment in time, tools, and
materials,. (untuk memberikan yang terbaik dari kemampuan mereka, pengrajin jaman dulu
mencoba menjaga toko mereka seefisien mungkin dan mengatur jadwal dan metode produksi
untuk keuntungan yang terbaik pada investasi mereka dalam waktu, alat, dan bahan) .While it
is pleasant to Imagine a woodworker, for example, 20 carefully matching lumber, joining a
chest together to carving beautiful designs on the finished piece (untuk membuat desain yang
indah pada tiap produk selesai) , the time required was not justified unless the customer was
willing to pay extra for the quality and few in rural areas were. Artisans, therefore, often foundi
it necessary to employ as many shortcuts and economics as possible while still producting
satisfactory products.

10. What aspect of rural colonial North America does the passage mainly discuss? (apa
aspek dari lingkungan pedesaan di kolonial Amerika Utara yang dibahas?)
a. Farming practices (praktek pertanian)
b. The work og artisans (pekerjaan pengrajin)
c. The character of rural neighborhoods (karakter lingkungan pedesaan)
d. Types of furniture that were popular (jenis furniture yang populer)
11. The word “inception” in line 1 is closest ini meaning to ... (permulaan)
a. Investigation (pemeriksaan)
b. Location (tempat,letak)
c. Beginning (mengawali,permulaan)
d. Records (catatan,dokumen,merekam)
12. The word “fabricating” in line 3 is closest in meaning to .... (membuat,pembuatan)
a. Constructing (membangun)
b. ..
c. Selecting (memilih,pemilihan)
d. Demonstrating (mempertunjukkan)
13. It can be inferred from the from the passage taht the use of artificial light in colonial
times was.. (hal ini dapat disimpulkan dari kalimat tentang penggunaan cahaya buatan
pada zaman kolinial....)
a. Especially helpful to woodworkers (untuk membantu tukang kayu) *dimalam hari*
b. Popular in rural areas (populer didaerah pedesaan)
c. Continuous in winter (terus menerus *digunakan selama musim dingin)
d. Expensive (mahal)
14. Why did colonial artisans want to “regularize their schedules their schedules” (line 18)?
(kenapa pengrajin kolonial ingin mengatur jadwal mereka?)
a. To anable them to produce high quality products (agar mereka menghasilkan
produk berkualitas tinggi)
b. To enable them to duplicate an item many times (agar mereka dapat menduplikat
barang .....)
c. To impress their customers (untuk mengesankan pelanggan mereka)
d. To keep expenses low (untuk menjaga biaya rendah *efisien)
15. The phrase “resort to” in line 20 is closest in meaning to .. (usaha untuk)
a. Protecting with (melindungi dengan)
b. Moving toward (bergerak ke arah)
c. Manufacturingg (memproduksi)
d. Using (menggunakan)
16. The word “few” in lines 23 refers to.. (kata beebrapa pada baris ke 23 menunjuk pada?)
a. Woodworkers (tukang kayu)
 b. Finished pieces (potongan selesai)
c. Customer (konsumen/pelanggan)
d. Chests (dada)
17. It can inferred that the artisans referred to in the passage usually produced products that
were.. (dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengrajin tersebut biasanya memproduksi produk
yang ....)
a. Simple (sederhana)
b. Delicate (halus)
c. Beautifully decorated (dekorasi yang indah/dihias dengan indah)
d. Exceptionally long-lasting (tahan lama / sangat tahan lama)