• Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer

– Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O

mechanisms, addressing techniques.
– e.g. Is there a multiply instruction?
• Organization is how features are implemented
– Control signals, interfaces, memory technology.
– e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated
addition?
Computer organization

Encompasses all physical aspects of computer systems.

E.g., circuit design, control signals, memory types.

How does a computer work?

Computer architecture

Logical aspects of system implementation as seen by the programmer.

E.g., instruction sets, instruction formats, data types, addressing

modes.

How do I design a computer?

Computer architecture refers to those attributes of a system visible to a

programmer or put another way those attributes that have a direct impact on
the logical execution of a program. Computer architecture is define as a "The
art and science of assembling logical elements to form a computing device." It
sets the standard for all devices that connect to it and all the software that
runs on it. It is based on the type of programs that will run (business,
scientific) and the number of programs that run concurrently.

Computer organization refers to the operational units and their

interconnections that realize the architectural specifications. Computer
organization is a study of a Computer Architecture. E.g. Memory, Registers,
RAM, ROM, CPU, ALU, 16 bit/ 32 bit/ 64 bit architecture, what different parts
makes a computer, etc.

Architecture is like a blue print, it will have all the components mentioned
and also how they are connected, where as organization is an implementation
of that blue print, each vendor will have their own version of the organization,
their own way of implementing the blue print.