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SMAHMA Curs4 V2
SMAHMA Curs4 V2
Continut:
Introducere
Conceptul de produs inteligent in fabricatie si infrastructura necesara
Exemple de implementare
2
Introducere
Problematica
3
Introducere
Subiect
Definirea unui nou concept in contextul unui mediu de fabricatie
caracterizat de inteligenta ambianta – produs inteligent
Obiective
Propunerea unei abordari:
Reactive
Adaptative
Augmentarea inteligentei unui produs:
Capabil sa informeze
Sa comunice
Sa decida
Sa actioneze pentru a atinge un scop (= fabricatia sa)
(Sa genereze evenimente automat)
4
Introducere
Inteligenta ambiantala (contextul in
care se defineste conceptul de produs
inteligent)
“Ambient Intelligence is the vision that technology will become
invisible, embedded in our natural surroundings, present whenever
we need it, enable by simple and effortless interactions, attuned to
all our senses, adaptive to users and context and autonomously
acting. High quality information and content must be available to
any user, any where, any time, and on any device”. [Lindwer et al.,
2003]
5
Introducere
Conceptul de produs inteligent (1)
6
Introducere
Produs inteligent (viziunea AutoID Center [McFarlane et al., 2002])
Produs inteligent = produs cu informatie inteligenta/
/produs capabil sa ia o decizie si sa genereze un eveniment
Caracteristici:
1. Are identitate unica
2. E capabil sa comunice cu alte entitati din mediul in care se afla
3. Poate memora date despre el insusi
4. Are un limbaj pentru a-si face cunoscute caracteristicile si pentru
a interoga alte entitati (arhitectura bazata pe servicii)
5. Este capabil sa participe la procese decizionale
Tipuri de produse inteligente:
Produs inteligent de nivel 1 (1->3)
Produs inteligent de nivel 2 (1->5)
Solutie de implementare
RFID = AUTO ID
Produs inteligent
[McFarlane et al, 2002]
Agenti software
7
Introducere
Conceptul de produs inteligent (2)
8
Introducere
Produs inteligent (viziunea [Cea Ramirez, 2004] si [Bajic, 2004])
Arhitectura de control bazata pe conceptul de inteligenta ambianta
si comunicatie fara fir
Model teoretic cu aplicatie practica
Produs inteligent -> obiect comunicant
Problematica receptiei serviciilor, propunerea unor mecanisme de
descoperire si receptie automata a serviciilor (software): Jini,
UPnP, OSGi, CORBA, servicii web.
Localizarea unui obiect comunicant:
Identificarea in locuri predefinite
Triangularizare
Implementare bazata pe RFID si UPnP
9
Introducere (sinteza)
10
Conceptul de produs inteligent in fabricatie
Propunere
Adaugarea de capacitati decizionale produselor
Transforamrea entitatilor pasive (produsele) in entitati
active d.p.d.v. al luarii unei decizii
Compararea comportamentelor produselor pasive cu
produsele active
Produs inteligent
Interactiune
informationala
Produs
pasiv
Mediu de fabricatie
Interactiune fizica 11
Conceptul de produs inteligent in
fabricatie
Produs inteligent
Modul de augmentare
Procesare Mediu
Procesarea datelor
si a deciziilor Mediu
informational
Interactiuni externe
Interactiuni proprii
Produs
pasiv
Memorare
Mediu
Date statice
fizic
ID
Alte date statice
Date dinamice
12
Conceptul de produs inteligent in
fabricatie
Remote Local
Informational
2
(EN) 1 counterpart
Memorization module
System model Product model
(communication, sensors)
Physical product
External interactions
Informational
direct control)
environment
Communication
module
Processing
module
n Real world
Resource Holon tio
p lica representation
Re Remote
Order Holon PC1, …, PCn, intelligence
Server layer (decision
making) WiFi antenna
Synchronization
information-matter
Product to be
Overo Air assembled
Intermediary
layer (security decisional
PLC and data module
adaptation)
Transportation
Transportation
system
Station
controller 1
... Station
controller n
pallet with RW
RFID tag
Physical
layer
13
Conceptul de produs inteligent in
fabricatie
Resursa
Actualizare
Decizie Executie
info.
Exemplu:
Acordarea MO: intr-un context CNP, un ordin poate interoga toate resursele soau doar
cele din proximitatea sa 15
Conceptul de produs inteligent in fabricatie
Model dinamic (2)
Resoursa de Resursa de
Ordin (initiator) procesare (RP) rutare (RR)
Actualizare model
resurse procesare Actualizare
informatie personala
Decizie Ce operatie ?
Ce resursa ?
Ce ruta ?
Rutare
Executie
operatie
Executie operatie
16
Conceptul de produs inteligent in
fabricatie
FIPA-Contract-net
Protocol raspandit pentru alocarea
in timp real a resurselor (Smith,
1980):
1. Recunoasterea resurselor
2. Licitatia pentru un serviciu
3. Anuntarea castigatorului
4. Alocarea serviciului
5. Expedierea
(EN)
FIPA Contract-Net-Protocol 17
Conceptul de produs inteligent in
fabricatie
FIPA-Contract-net RSAM Mediator OHs RHs
Request
Protocol raspandit pentru alocarea Inform
1980): i≤n
refuse
Perturbation detected
n≤m
1. Recunoasterea resurselor j<n-i
deadline
Increase RH load
accept 1
5. Expedierea constraints)
Request op.start
failure
inform-done
inform-result
Next operations
(EN)
Adaptare CNP 18
Conceptul de produs inteligent in
fabricatie
Ordine Rapoarte
client client
MES centralizat
Holon Coord. Baza de cunostinte proces
Ordine agregate
•Holon Produs (PH)
Informatie actualizare model
Planificare •Ordine produs agregate
productie si Selectie Modul •Trasabilitate OH
alocare resurse strategie comutare
strategie RSAM
•Parametrii resurse
Ordine •Accesibilitate operatii
Trasabilitate
planificate/alocate executie ordine Stare resursa si
Actualizare model parametrii
D D D
descentralizat
Event-driven
control
MES
Interactiune fizica si RH
informationala
OH
Negociere
inter-OH
Nivel control
resurse
Produs Resursa Resursa Manipulation
pe paleta rutare IED Transport procesare Resource
or produs
Resurse fizice
19
Conceptul de produs inteligent in
fabricatie
Chosen mediator
Announcement Registration
OHj Agent
j=1...nr_of_orders_in_execution
20
Exemplu de implementare
Infrastructura
AIP PRIMECA Valenciennes
Sistem de transport
Sistem de control w4 w7
w1
w2 w3 w5
w8
w6
w18
w12
w9
w10
w16 w15 w13
w17 w14 w11
21
Exemplu de implementare
OH Nod/RH
Procesare Interactionile
Alegere nod Control ordin-resursa
(Dijkstra) succesor poarta
in vederea
rutarii
Actualizare Actualizare
Memorare graf (global) graf (local)
Timp Timpi de
masurat transport
Modul augmentare
Sistem IrDA WAGO i
Produs pasiv
Ethernet
Paleta autopropulsata
WAGOs
Conveior
Montrac Poarta
22
(infrastructura)
Exemplu de implementare
Experimente si rezultate
50
Avantaje:
Sitem reactiv
Dezavantaje:
Complexitate ridicata
23
Exemplu de implementare
configuration)
RSAM Agent
(OH decision)
RH Agent
Mediator
RSAM
RSAM
Agent
Agent
Agent
(initial
OH &
WiFi Access
Point
JADE Distributed Agent Platform for FMS Control Ethernet switch Workstation PC
(RH decision)
JADE Agent JADE Agent JADE Main `
Container Container Container Resource
controller
Wi-Fi / ETH Network PLC / Conveyor (RH control)
Generic Generic controller
Generic
VM VM VM
`
Embedded real-
PC Server
time system (ARM Cell server
(X86 Architecture) (X86 Architecture)
Architecture)
Radio
Physical ETH connection
association Ethernet
Physical pallet Resource controller Digital I/O
Electrical connection Physical
with product Proprietary Connection
Conveyor resources
Physical resource
24
Sinteza
Conceptul de produs inteligent
Localizarea inteligentei
CNP aplicat in sisteme de fabricatie
25
Bibliografie
Lindwer M, Marculescu D, Basten T, Zimmermann R, Marculescu R, Jung S and Cantatore E,
„„Ambient Intelligence Visions and Achievements: Linking Abstract Ideas to Real-World Concepts‟‟.
Proc. Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference. (DATE 2003), Munich, Germany, March
2003.
Brun Picard D, Bouvet H, Baboli H and Binder Z, „„The product as an active element of distributed
production control‟‟. IFAC-IFIP-IMACS Conference, Belfort, 20-22 May 1997.
McFarlane D, Sarma S, Chirn Jin Lung and Wong C Y, and Ashton K, „„The intelligent product in
manufacturing control and management‟‟. 15th Triennial World Congress, Barcelona, Spain. 2002.
Mattern F, „„From Smart Devices to Smart Everyday Objects (Extended Abstract)‟‟.Proceedings of
sOc'2003 (Smart Objects Conference), pp. 15-16, Grenoble, France, 2003.
Bajic E, „„Ambient Networking for intelligent objects management, mobility and services‟‟. Seminar
Institut For Manufacturing - IFM University of Cambridge , Angleterre, 2 April 2004.
Kintzig C, Poulain G, Privat G and Favennec P, „„Objets Communicants. HermesScience‟‟. France
Télécom R&D et Lavoisier, Paris, 2002.
Cea Ramirez A, Thesis „‟Contribution à la Modélisation et à la Gestion des Interactions Produit-
Processus dans la Chaîne Logistique par l‟Approche Produits Communicants‟‟, Research center of
Automatic in Nancy, 18 July 2006.
Raileanu S., Berger T., SallezY., Borangiu T., Trentesaux D., The Open-Control concept in a holonic
manufacturing system, Proceedings of the RAAD 2009 18th International Workshop on Robotics in
Alpe-Adria-Danube Region May 25-27, 2009, Brasov, Romania
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