ae UF ©. 550 CE parc The east form of ches evelves tec in India, and is called ‘Chaturanga, The Lombards from Germany meaning four divisions. The game also invade northern Italy. proves popular in Persia from where it comes to Europe. 507 CE Clovis, ruler of the Franks, subdues the Visigoths at the Battle of Vouillé.n 508, he ‘makes Paris his capital. ‘Around this time, Buddhism is spreading out of India along the 570 cE Prophet Muhammad, founder of Islam, is born Silk Route, as far in Mecca. arrester td Chine By CET, OLN WK CAED - THOMAS MTA EY, NST ODN ie of sa Heinen SG UNSAN HT WREST BT AANA 70 aasy conauer poses a serious threat to emperor Justinian. The rebels are crushed but thousands lose their lives, country. The Grand Canal, of China, the longest artificial river in the worl, is oe constructed under his rule, Buddhism flourishes as the state religion in Japan under Prince Shotoku, who rules as regent on behalf of his aunt, Empress Seiko. cavion! EW?FROR JUSTINIAN ENCOURAGED THE MONKS TO UNCOVER ‘The Church of Hagia Sophia THE SECAETS OF EASTERN STUK-MARING. TT TOOK THEM, cereal NEARLY TWD YEARS TO BRING SILKWORMS BACK FLOM CHINA Contantiople ach tren the bullcing so beat ho they pode convert inthe peril mene Ball te penne fra pace neato 597 CE Pope Gregory orders Saint Augustine the Lesser to convert the Anglo-Saxon inhabitants of England to Christianity. King Aethelbert of Kent allows the ‘mission to preach and Canterbury soon becomes an important place for Christians in southern England. ost - 00s606 CE King Harsha unites northern and central india. An ardent Buddhist, he was a great patron of culture. The famous Chinese pilgrim Huan Tsang visited India durlag Harshe's rule. 8 CE .e Tang dynasty comes to power in China, after Sui ruler Yang is ‘murdered, and Li Yuan declares himself the new emperor. 627 CE Byzantine emperor Heraclius defeats the Persians at the Battle of Nineveh. Under his rule, Greek becomes the state language of the Eastern Roman empire, NIV 610 CE ‘Muhammad has spiritual visions, and preaches that Allah is the only God, and that the Quran is his direct word for the Mustims. 616-683 CE Pakal the Great rules the Mayan city of Palenque. Many grand temples, tombs and palaces are constructed during his long reign. 637 CE The Arabs unite, following the death of Muhammad, and start a campaign of conquests. Jerusalem, Damascus, Egypt, and soon all of North Africa was under their sway. 695 CE The Byzantine people revolt against Justinian Il, who is banished. Leontios becomes the new emperor. aT TaD 691k ‘The Dome of the Rockis completed in Jerusalem. The monument’s ‘Foundation Stone’ is very important to Jews, Christians and Muslims. Peer er ee eeereere Cee ens WE TETIAN WAS NO VER POPUL NER TIME, AND WAS OWN FOL BALIN ASECAETPOUCE AND FOL EECUTING ANT RIVALS WOTHOUT MERC rene reece Perse rc! 673 CE ‘The Byzantines use a new weapon in their conflict with Arabs. ‘Greek fire’, liquid that caught flames on water, terrified the Arabs and saved Constantinople from conquest.Oost - 00s 732 cE Charles Marte, later founder of the Carolingian dynasty of Frankish kings defeats a large Muslim army from Spain in the Tours region. / () () < IY ci ADE WAS AST ANOW AS SAINT EL, OF u AT SCHOLAR, AND AS) VENERABLE BEDE ES ACES . 100K WAS 90 IMPORTANT THAT He BECAME KNOWN ASH ATUE OF ENGLISH SSTNE ©. 750 CE ‘The Andean City of Tiwanaku (present-day Bolivia) is atits height. Grand stone monuments are built and ‘mountain slopes are used for terraced farming, ©. 700 CE ‘Teotihuacan in Mexico, a grand historical city is turned into a weakened and vulnerable ruin, after repeated failure of crops and famines, 780 CE ‘Abd-ar-Rahman establishes the ‘Umayyad dynasty in Spain, He rules from Cordoba as Emir of islamic Spain from 756 to 788 Cr, 71cz Tariq ibn Ziyad, a Berber tribesman from North Africa, collects a Muslim army in Gibraltar. He overruns & considerable part of Spain, bringing the first Islamic rule to Europe. ©. 786 CE Baghdad, the new Abbasid capital, becomes a great center of learning, Haroun al-Rashid, the fifth Abassid Caliph, has Greek and Roman texts 793 CE translated into Arabic ‘The Vikings, seafaring Scandinavian warriors, first attack the Holy Island of Lindisfarne in north-east England, 800 cE Beowulf, an epic poem that tells scsi eos = the story of @ Scandinavian Coated The empress lene, has her own ee Coane eae eres son and co-ruler Constantine IV arrested and blinded so she can take full control of the Byzantine empire,©. 802 CE Khmer empire in Cambodia is founded by Jayavarman I TWEVIKING TONGS COULD SALAS EVEN IN, SUALIOW WATES, MAKING T UNBEATABLE IN BOTW AVE AND SE. UPTO OWEN COULD FTI ONE LONGSHIP. prea rrsy Around 850 CE, Vi ©. 825 CE ‘The Borobudur Temple in Indonesia is built by the Sailendra dynasty. It contains 508 images of the Buddha and is the world’s largest Buddhist ‘monument, 845 CE ‘The Dacists in China are in favour, and the Tang emperor orders a purge of Buddhist monasteries, Buddhist Monks and nuns are forced tolive a secular life, 60 CE THE MEDIEVAL WORLD, 843 CE iarlemagne’s empire divided amongst his three warring grandsons. 880 cE Gunpowder, a mixture of charcoal, sulphur and saltpetre is invented by the D =e Swedish Vikings found the city of Novgorod in Russia. Some vikings also serve as guards to the Byzantine ‘emperor in Constantinople, ©. 869 CE The Mayan civilization in the lowlands of Guatemala is coming toan end. Inc, 900 CE the city of Tikal is, abandoned. 868 cE ‘The Buddhist text ‘Diamond Sutra’, believed to be the oldest surviving printed book in the world, is written. 849-899 CE In 871 CE Alfred the Great becomes king 1 Anglo-Saxon kingdom in England. A valiant and successful warrior king he establishes schools and makes laws for a well-organized society. He drives the Danish Vikings to the north-east of England. a ost - cosALUN 911 CE Charles Il, king of the west Franks, allots land to the Viking leader Rollo to stop him raiding Christian territories. This region, at the mouth of the river Seine, comes to be called Normandy (Land of the Norseman), 930 cE The Viking settlers in Iceland hold their first assembly, claimed to be the world’ oldest parliament. ISN E,W HLA it DURING THE SH RACOCD ASTRON GOLDIN AGE, BETWEEN: 700 AND N00 SLM WORLD IN WANT LDS. 907 CE ‘The Tang dynasty falls after 300 years, and Zhu Wen establishes the Later Liang dynasty, the first of northern China's Five Dynasties, China is now divided into many warring states. 929 CE Abd-el-Rahman Ill, Emir of (Gérdoba, unites all of Muslim Spain, and rebuilds the Cérdoba ‘cathedral as the Great Mosque 960 cE In China, Zhao Kuangyin, an army general, stages a coup against the Zhou ruler, and becomes the first, emperor of the Song dynasty. HESS WAS MADE BT 961 CE Under king Harald Bluetooth, Denmark becomes the first Viking kingdom to adopt Christianity. 902 cE In exile, Viking explorer Eric the Red discovers Greenland and lives there for three years. He later persuades more than 300 people in iceland to sail with him to settle in Greenland. 988 cE Prince Vladimir of Kiev adopts the Greek orthodox faith, following his marringe to the sister of the Byzantine emperor Basil I. Russia would later become a major centre of Orthodox Christianity. 969 CE ‘The Fatimids from North Africa conquer Egypt, and found the capital city of Al-Kahira, known as Cairo, pecans 962 CE King of Germany Otto, also known 1s Otto the Great, is crowned Holy Roman emperor in Rome.1002 Leif Ericson is the first European to reach America. He calls his discovery Vinland. It's later renamed Newfoundland. 1021 ‘Murasaki Shiibu writes the world’s first full-length novel, The Tale of Genjt. TNAGODA1S CVE INE LD PUTING, MADCON HEDONATONS SY MONARCS AND ORUNATBMESE. EOE OVELHECEATULtS 1053, A number of landless knights from Normandy win a power base in southern Italy between 1061 and 1091, and conquer island of Sicily. ¢. 1000 The Anasazi people of New Mexico live in villages with multi-roomed and multi-storeyed complexes, built with sun-baked mud. rane, is crowned king of, England and goes on to secure the throne of Denmark, to rule both countries for the next 20 years. 108 Prince Anawzahta, king of Pagan in Burma, builds the Golden shwezigon Pagoda, believed to house a tooth of the Buddha. 1055 ‘The Seljuk Turk Togrul Beg enters Baghdad. By 1071 ‘The Seljuk dynasty controls western Asia, Anatolia and the Mediterranean, 1095 Pope Urban Il urges knights of western Europe to free Jerusalem from the Muslims. This marks the start of the Crusades, and Jerusalem is captured in 1099, «. 1085 ‘The Thule Inuits, ancestors of all present-day Inults, begin to spread into Siberia and Greenland. ost - 00s €. 1150 The Khmer dynasty makes ‘Angkor its capital and the grand temple of Angkor Vat is built. . 1080 Omar Khayyam, a Persian ‘mathematician and astronomer, writes four-line verses, called Rubaiyat, which are later translated into English To THIS LANDMARK BATTLE t Te TuN TU SIE NATO I TUQUCU IL WAS WOT RBABL ADEIN ENGLAND SNOW HEPLIN AOU CATEDRALIN ANCE1170 King Henry It of England has Thomas Beckett killed in Canterbury cathedral Beckett, who upheld the rights of the church over the rights of the monarchy, is made a saint in 1173, Neg s92 ‘Afghan warrior Muhammed of ‘Ghazni invades northern India. His slave, general Qutbuddin Aibak, founds the Delhi Sultanate in 1193, the start of Muslim rule in India. «. 1200 Japan sees the rise of a new warrior class, the samurai, Samurai would fight either for the shoguns (military leaders), or the local aristocrats. 1208 ‘The Fourth Crusade reaches Jerusalem. They take possession of the city and set up a ‘Latin Empire’ SUD ST CNCE ON ASH + JACOB NOGCEVEEN, NO A ACTUALY CONE OORING AUSTRALIAN OMe tia) OTe tne eon age! 1206 Previously known as Temujin, Genghis Khan unites the Mongol tribes under his new name, and terrorizes Asia over the next 20 years, 1237 Batu Khan and his Mongols conquer and dominate Russia for 200 years. becoming known as the ‘Golden Horde’. 1238 Birger Jarl establishes & Swedish dynasty, uniting the country for the first time. 1280 Great Zimbabwe, the site of an important empire in southern Africa, prospers through trade in gold and ivory. Present-day Zimbabwe is named after this grand site 1260 Kublai Khan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, is elected Great Khan of the Mongols. In 1271 he establishes the Chinese Yuan dynasty, OY ost - 00s aais KingJohn signs the Magna Carta at Runnymede. It outlines the rules of civil liberty, and a modified version is later made part of English law. €.1220 Chartres Cathedral in France is famous forits 176 windows, examples of the finest early stained glass. ama Russian prince Alexander defeats an army of ‘Teutonic Knights on the frozen lake Neva, and gets the nickname, ‘Nevsky’ from the lake, azn ‘Marco Polo, a Venetian merchant, begins his travels to the East, ‘which last 25 years. The written account of his journey would later inspire many travellers.i asa Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland defeats King Faward Il of England at the Battle of Bannockburn. 1328 Cannons are first used in Europe at the siege of Metz in France. The Europeans have learned about the gunpowder from the Mongols and the Arabs. 1337 King Edward Il of England defeats Philip VI of France, starting the Hundred Years’ War. 1338 In Tibet, the first Dalai Lama dies. A young boy, who is said to be his reincarnation, is appointed the next Dalai Lama. The practice continues today. 1988 ‘The Black Death, a deadly plague epidemic, wipes out nearly half of Europe's population. 1370-1105 ‘Mongol warvior Timur (Tamurlane} inspires fear in Asia, He rampages a 1325 ‘Timbuktu, the Malian city in the gold-rich empire of west Africa, Decomes a centre of islamic scholarship and culture. India, and Iraq. He builds beautiful mosques in his capital Samarkand. 1368 Zhu Yuan Zhang overthrows the ‘unpopular Mongol Yuan dynasty ‘and proclaims himself emperor, founding the Ming dynasty. 130 Construction begins on the present structure of the Doge's Palace in Venice, TWEATIECS WAD AVISION EAN AGL, STING ON ACACTUS IN ALA 1985 Inspired by a holy sign, the Aztecs decide to create their nev capital on an island in a lake. ‘This grand site, with temples, palaces and markets, is named “tenochtitlan’, which means place of the cactus. 138% Ottoman Turks make their first inroads into Europe, by taking Gallipoli. through Persia, the Ottoman Empire, a) 1309 Sultan Murad, leader of the Ottoman Turks defeats the Serbs at the battle of Kosovo. The Ottomans expand thelr power beyond Anatolia. mw TAL CANERBUAL TAS A ANLHANING, A COMRENTION. HCN CHALACTEN TU THE BKST STO WOUND WIN A MEAL THE TABARD) AN. ULAR LS INCLUDE THE Nie TE©. 1400 ‘Tin-glazed pottery be popular in Renaissance Europe, 1401 ‘Timur conquers Damascus, and reconquers Baghdad, aot Construction of the ‘Forbidden City’ in Beijing, is begun by the Yongle Ming Emperor. Only the Emperor and his. courtiers are allowed to enter the high-walled enclosure. ‘The ‘Geography’, by Greek astronomer 110 Ptolemy, is published in Europe, Ptolemy ‘The battle of Tannenberg believed that the Earth is the centre of between Poland/Lithuania the universe and that all heavenly bodies and Teutonic knights is one revolve around it in perfect circles. of the largest cavalry battles of the Middle Ages, «1820 In Europe the rich can now afford to have glass windows in their houses. Regular houses still only hhave wooden panels on windows. sas Henry V; King of England, attacks France in 1415, and wins the Battle of Agincourt sae Scotland pays the ransom for Prince James I who, after 28 years of captivity in England, finally claims his throne. 1380 igh on an inaccessible peak Ip the Peruvian jungle, he Thcas are bullding the grand fy of Machu Picehu fe would sword undl 1911 Coffee is grown in Yeren and is Dpecoming a popular drink in Arabia. ON CAME TTI CUDDY oD oc ACAINST NGL, = AON ora ct 5a aati INANE, SCS Me aan eit SANTINO ~ 600 Tas 100 years to complete. Dea The Aztec Emperor ‘Moctezuma I conquers large parts of Mexico. ~y a ise Teagan oare Bp j gins fame by pain MAID oF onLEaNs mesic and sligoasecenes Hepat te fameus Are Fert sch Seca or©. 1980 Vijayanagara, capital of the last important Hindu kingdom in South India is at 1953 the height ofits glory Constantinople, centre of the Christian empire, is captured and brought under Ottoman rule by Sultan Mehmed Il. The Byzantine Empire comes to an end 1955 ‘The Wars of the Roses between the houses of York and Lancaster begin in England. PLTEQUCH CUTER SNe BINONMOUS WIT PANT HE DID NOT, INVENT T_THE CHINESE Wen USING MOVABLE ETAL TPE TO PDT 300, AS EARLE AS 140 Z SS © 16S Sunni Ali, ruler of Songhei, creates the largest empire in west Africa and conquers the extremely rich city of Timbuktu, The earliest example of printed sheet music, a set of prayer chants, appears around 146s. em. Topa Yupanqui, tenth ruler of the Incan empire, vastly expands his empire and conquers Bolivia, Chile and Argentina, aura The city council in Amsterdam, Netherlands, forbids snowball fights! 1469 “The Catholic Monarchs’ - Isabella of Castille and Ferdinand of Aragon, marry, uniting Spain, Guru Nanak, the first of the ten teachers of the Sikhs, is born, ‘Tradition says that he received his enlightenment in the 1490s and went cn to found the Sikh religion, OT 3368 The Orkneys and become part of Scotland, when they are given to James las the wedding dowry of Margaret of Denmark, Around this time, Florence becomes the centrepiece of the Renaissance world, under the family of Lorenzo de Med are great patrons of the a ©. 1875, After Constantinople is taken by the Ottomans, Russia becomes aan important centre for Orthodox Christianity,176 Im 1472 William Caxton prints the first book in English, in Belgium, He returns to London in 1476 and starts the first printing press in England, in Westminster 80 Ivan Ill, Grand Prince of Moscow, refuses to pay the annual tribute to the ruling Mongol Empire and becomes an independent ruler, 1108 Botticelli is commissioned by the Florence Medici to paint his masterpiece, The Birth of Venus. 3305 Henry Tudor kills King Richard I at the Battle of Bosworth, With Henry's victory the Wars of the Roses comes to an end, and the rule of the Tudors begins in England, iba wl a7 ‘The Duke of Burgundy is killed in ‘the Burgundian Wars, and France claims the Duchy of Burgundy and surrounding lands as part of its territory. 1403 England's young king Edward V, and his brother, are imprisoned in the ‘Tower of London. It is believed that the princes are murdered on the orders of Richard Il, who crowns himself king. = a ‘Widmann, 1496 ‘The Spanish take back Granada from the Muslims, ending the spread of Islamic influence in Spain. 1898 ‘The Treaty of Tordesillas, an agreement between Portugal ‘and Spain, draws an imaginary line across new territories in South America, As a result, Brazil is claimed by the Portuguese, aT . 1500 A new form of printing from iron plates, called etching, is developed in Augsburg, Germany. The artist Albrecht Direr would become famous for his etchings an97 ‘The citizens of Florence set fire to a pile of their valuables to atone for their sinful greed — itis called ‘Bonfire of the Vanities’, Around this time work on the Great ‘Wall of China is completed centuries after it was started! Cee RT eee eer eer ere wee eres rt eae eee erence Se oe ee eee enc NATIVE ANELICAN PERE HIST CANE TOBE AILED TADLANS Bt COlUMBUS Howe tf = THOUGHT HAD Lane IN INDIA!