Annotated Bibliography for History Day 2017-18

Elle Thompson, Defne Bilhan, Sophie Robertson, and Sophie Terraciano-Spence, Period 2

Thesis Statement

The Berlin Wall was a vivid symbol of the division of Germany during the cold war. The fall of

the wall caused many changes in both Germany and the world around it, and the effects are still prevalent

today. The Berlin Wall was taken down in 1989 after having been in place for nearly 30 years, and while

the physical barrier of the wall was torn down between east and west Germany, social divisions swelled

once the wall was destroyed. The hasty combining of two economic systems, the western and eastern,

resulted in a struggling economy and deindustrialization. The mass migration to the west also caused

Berlin to suffer with unemployment problems and sparked resentment between Western and Eastern

people. Conflicts between politicians, countries, and citizens raged on, making the fight for compromise a

seemingly impossible task. Despite great difficulty, Germany today has surpassed the odds and grown

from a physically and socially divided state to a beautiful united nation.

Primary Sources

Newman, Peter C. "Berlin: Europe's new commercial cabaret." Maclean's, 14 Feb. 1994, p. 33. Global

Issues in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A15020859/GIC?u=j057911001&xid=c1af4b1e.

Accessed 6 Nov. 2017.

This source is a person who recounts the things he witnessed after visiting berlin after the fall of

the Berlin wall. He realizes that some of the Berliners aren't happy after the fall, even if the international

opinion may be different. (Sophie TS)

"Khrushchev, Nikita." Cold War Reference Library, edited by Richard C. Hanes, et al., vol. 5: Primary

Sources, UXL, 2004, pp. 217-223. Global Issues in Context,

link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3410800143/OVIC?u=j057911001&xid=482f022e. Accessed

19 Oct. 2017.

This source is a speech from Nikita Khrushchev on how he did not want Germany to unify. This

offers an opposing viewpoint to reunification and gives insight to the opposite argument. (Defne)

“Letter from Ulbricht to Khrushchev," January 18, 1961, History and Public Policy Program Digital

Archive, SED Archives, Berlin. IfGA, ZPA, J IV 2/202/129. CWIHP Working Paper No. 5,

"Ulbricht and the Concrete 'Rose.'" Translated for CWIHP by Hope Harrison.

http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/117140

This is a letter from two officials discussing possible solutions to improve the economics and

politics of West Berlin and Germany. It helped us see insight into some of the solutions and compromises

made. (Defne)

"Excerpt from the Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev," November 10, 1989, History and Public Policy Program

Digital Archive, Notes of Anatoly Chernyaev, the Gorbachev Foundation Archive, f. 2, op. 2.

Translated by Vladislav Zubok (National Security Archive).

http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/111535

This is a diary entry from Anatoly Chernyaev, praising and following the fall of the Berlin Wall.

Her perspective shows how the general public felt initially about its fall. (Elle)
"Speech by President Ronald Reagan at the Brandenburg Gate, West Berlin, 'Remarks on East-West

Relations'," June 12, 1987, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, Ronald Reagan

Library, Speeches http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/134316

This is Ronald Reagan's famous speech in which he advises Soviet General Secretary Mikhail

Gorbachev to tear down the Berlin Wall. This shows the international pressure for the wall to come down.

(Sophie TS)

"Germany Celebrates Reunification." AFP News Footage, 1 Oct. 2010. Global Issues in Context,

link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CT3208640007/GIC?u=j057911001&xid=371fd879 . Accessed 17

Oct. 2017.

This video shows the citizens of Germany stating their opinions on the reunification of Berlin and

fall of the Berlin wall. This displays some of the positive outcomes of the fall.(Sophie R)

Gaps, John, III. "Fall of the Berlin Wall." Government, Politics, and Protest: Essential Primary Sources,

edited by K. Lee Lerner, et al., Gale, 2006, pp. 287-290. Global Issues in Context,

link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX2687500116/GIC?u=j057911001&xid=6ada3c62. Accessed 17

Oct. 2017.

This source is a photograph from the day the wall fall. It pictures the Berlin people breaking apart

the wall with pickaxes. (Defne)

"Bush, George and Mikhail Gorbachev." Cold War Reference Library, edited by Richard C. Hanes, et al.,

vol. 5: Primary Sources, UXL, 2004, pp. 307-318. Global Issues in Context,
 link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3410800154/OVIC?u=j057911001&xid=69247b3a. Accessed 19

Oct. 2017.

This source shows pictures of Bush and Gorbachev meeting and other pictures from when

Gorbachev visited the US. (Sophie TS)

"The Visit." Human and Civil Rights: Essential Primary Sources, edited by Adrienne Wilmoth Lerner, et

al., Gale, 2006, pp. 164-168. Global Issues in Context,

link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX2560000066/OVIC?u=j057911001&xid=3834669b. Accessed

19 Oct. 2017.

This source contains a first-person account of what it was like to live through the lasting effects

of

the Berlin Wall. This source helped us form our thesis statement by providing facts of what was

happening, beyond the celebration. (Elle)

Pace, E. (2001, Jun 23). Wolfgang fuchs, 62, helped east germans escape to west.New York Times

Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/431770277?accountid=35844

This source is about a man who helped people escape from the east wall. This story shows what

life was life while the wall was up and how people reacted. (Sophie R)

“Fall of the Berlin Wall.” Gale Opposing Viewpoints in Context,ic.galegroup.com/ic/ovic/PrimarySou

rcesDetailsPage/PrimarySourcesDetailsWindow?disableHighlighting=false&displayGroupName
 PrimarySources&currPage=&scanId=&query=&docIndex=&source=&prodId=GIC%3AOVIC&

earch_within_results=&p=OVIC%3AGIC&mode=view&catId=&u=j057911001&limiter=&displ

y-query=&displayGroups=&contentModules=&action=e&sortBy=&documentId=GALE%7CCX

687500116&windowstate=normal&activityType=BasicSearch&failOverType=&commentary=.

This source talks about the fall of the Berlin Wall and provides images that show the citizens of

Berlin climbing over and destroying the wall. (Sophie R)

Secondary Sources:

Mueller, Tom. "Berlin: beyond the wall; Nearly 17 years after the wall came down, Berliners are

still trying to escape its shadow." Smithsonian, June 2006, p. 94+. General OneFile,

go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GPS&sw=w&u=j057911105&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA147205945&asi

d=58ecf87114af32e53d17e7b9ef99772b. Accessed 11 Oct. 2017.

This source discusses the effects of the wall and the residing issues after its fall. This helped us

form our thesis by offering a complete history, with causes and effects. (Elle)

Riding, Alan. "A Capital Reinstated and Remodeled." New York Times, Apr 11, 1999, pp. 1, Research

Library Prep, https://search.proquest.com/docview/431165762?accountid=35844.

This source discusses the visibility of Berlin’s scars, how it has struggled for a very long time, and

how its past creates further struggles for the country. This definitely helped us form an opinion on these

issues and our thesis is primary based on this source for it’s eye opening content. (Elle)
"Berlin Wall." International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, edited by William A. Darity, Jr., 2nd

ed., vol. 1, Macmillan Reference USA, 2008, p. 289. Gale Virtual Reference Library,

go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GVRL&sw=w&u=j057911&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CCX3045

300183&asid=e46ab89e5e9770e6fd408f6b9ed20dd4. Accessed 10 Oct. 2017.

This source overviews the time that the wall was up, details how it was like living with the wall,

and touches on the effects the wall had on the world. (Sophie R)

“Berlin Wall.” Britannica School, school.eb.com/levels/high/article/Berlin-Wall/78806 .

This source discusses causes of the Berlin Wall and mentions some effects the wall had on

Germany. This helped provide general and needed information. (Defne)

“Berlin Wall.” Gale Global Issues in Context, 2009,

ic.galegroup.com/ic/gic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?disableHighlighting=f

alse&displayGroupName=Reference&currPage=&scanId=&query=&docIndex=&source=&pro

dId=GIC&search_within_results=&productShortName=GIC&mode=view&catId=&u=j057911

001&limiter=&display-

query=&displayGroups=&contentModules=&action=e&sortBy=&documentId=GALE%7CEJ3

048500227&windowstate=normal&activityType=BasicSearch&failOverType=&commentary=.

This source elaborates on the conflict between East and West Berlin, the building and

reason for the Berlin wall, and the destruction of the wall. It helps provide insight as to how

social issues may have resulted with the fall of the wall. (Sophie TS)
Gay, Lance. "In Berlin Suburb, End of Wall Meant Start of War." Chicago Tribune (pre-1997 Fulltext),

Dec 24, 1992, pp. 6, Research Library Prep,

https://search.proquest.com/docview/283396904?accountid=35844.

This source talks about the social issues and conflict between Eastern and Western people in

Berlin. This shows a big part of our thesis, on how the people were still deeply divided despite no physical

barriers. (Defne)

"Did the New Democrats and Berlin Wall fall together? ANALYSIS / International and domestic events

have prompted the left to begin re-examining itself and to ask whether it still has a purpose."

Globe & Mail [Toronto, Canada], 29 Apr. 1994, p. A7. Global Issues in Context,

link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A163766905/GIC?u=j057911001&xid=9a07d5a7. Accessed 6 Nov.

2017.

This source elaborates upon the effects on socialism/democracy in politics after the fall of the

Berlin Wall. (Sophie TS)

Heon-Klin, V., Sieber, E., Huebner, J., & Mindy, T. F. (2001). The influence of geopolitical change on

the

well-being of a population: The berlin wall. American Journal of Public Health, 91(3), 369-74.

Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/215109851?accountid=35844

This source contains eyewitness accounts and interviews from both the east and west sides after

the wall was erected. (Elle)

Schmidt, L. (2011). THE ARCHITECTURE AND MESSAGE OF THE "WALL," 1961-1989. German

Politics and Society, 29(2), 57-77. Retrieved from

https://search.proquest.com/docview/888062117?accountid=35844

This source examines the stages of the rise and fall of the wall. It also helped contribute to our

understanding of why the wall had to go down. (Sophie R)

"Berlin Wall." Europe Since 1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of War and Reconstruction, edited by John

Merriman and Jay Winter, vol. 1, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006, pp. 354-357. Gale Virtual

Reference Library

,go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GVRL&sw=w&u=j057911&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CCX34470

0120&asid=84f10b876831621e7ca2cceb316272b4. Accessed 11 Oct. 2017.

This source breaks down the complex timeline of the Berlin Wall into easy to understand

sections of information. This helped us to comprehend the timeline of events better. (Sophie R)

Tulloch, David. “Berlin Wall.” Gale Virtual Reference Library ,

go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=T003&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchResultsTy

pe=SingleTab&searchType=BasicSearchForm¤tPosition=1&docId=GALE%7CCX3403300077&

docType=Geographic+overview&sort=RELEVANCE&contentSegment=&prodId=GVRL&conte

ntSet=GALE%7CCX3403300077&searchId=R2&userGroupName=j057911&inPS=true&u=j057

911&authCount=2.

This source provides the history of the wall and other basic, yet crucial facts, from its erection to

its fall. To become expert in this subject, we needed sources such as this to gain all of the facts and

general knowledge necessary. (Sophie TS)

Tuohy, William. "East Germans Punch 1st Holes in Wall, Pledge Free Elections East Bloc: Tens of

Thousands Stream Past the Berlin Wall to the West. the Communist Regime Promises that

Freedom of Travel Will be Permanent." Los Angeles Times (pre-1997 Fulltext), Nov 11, 1989, pp.

1, Research Library Prep, https://search.proquest.com/docview/280932697?accountid=35844

This source talks about the thousands of Germans who gathered to take down the wall and celebrate the

freedoms its fall granted them. The reactions of the people gave us insight as to how the general public

felt about the wall. (Defne)

Rodden, John. "'Barbed-Wire Sunday'." Commonweal, vol. 128, no. 14, 2001, pp. 9-10, Research Library

Prep, https://search.proquest.com/docview/210391334?accountid=35844.

In this source, the general history of the Berlin Wall, in both its rise and fall, was discussed and analyzed.

This helped us with our knowledge of the events that took place during this time period. (Elle)

Harrison, Hope M. "Death at the Berlin Wall." German Politics and Society, vol. 30, no. 2, 2012, pp.

88-91, Research Library Prep,

https://search.proquest.com/docview/1022502518?accountid=35844.

This source contains a review of a book, Death at the Berlin Wall, and reviews the history of the Berlin

Wall. The excerpts of this expert source helped give insight to the danger of the Berlin Wall. (Elle)

Brenke, Karl. “Income Growth in German Households: East Germany Falls Behind.” DIW Berlin: Income
 Growth in German Households : East Germany Falls Behind, 2005,

www.diw.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=diw_01.c.449291.de.

This source talks about the effects of the Berlin wall in East German households. The information of this

source shows how the West was developing faster than the East in terms of employment and income.

“Fall of the Berlin Wall 1989.” Anthony Suau,

anthonysuau.photoshelter.comood/image/I0000uARIZJ77tjw.

This image shows a man crying, as he reunites with his family. It is a good representation of how the wall

separated families, and the downfall of the wall enabled them to meet again.

B. Donovan, James. “Berlin.” Literary Hub, Berlin, 25 Nov. 2015,

lithub.com/the-moment-that-changed-the-cold-war/.

This is image shows a women attempting to climb over the wall. This shows how people destested the wall

and hoped to cross the border.

Sarotte, Mary Elise. “Los Angeles Times.” Los Angeles Times, Los Angeles Times, Berlin, 8 Nov. 2014,

www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-sarotte-putin-berlin-wall-20141109-story.html.

This picture shows East German border guards taking down a part of the wall in order to create a new

passage point. Citizens crowd the wall to observe the changes to the division.

“The Telegraph.” The Telegraph, Telegraph Media Group, Berlin, 4 Nov. 2009,

www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/worldnews/6496238/Berlin-Wall-building-the-wall-a

d-a-city-divided-between-East-and-West.html.
 This image shows workers beginning to lay down the stone for the wall. It is the mere start of the

division of germany and the conflict that followed.

“History Cooperative.” History Cooperative, Berlin, 24 Oct. 2016,

historycooperative.org/accidental-freedom-fall-berlin-wall/.

This image shows german citizens crowding the wall as the guards watch. The citizens are eager for the

wall to come down.

Eason, Steve. “Berliners On The Wall.” Google Arts & Culture, Google, Berlin,

www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/exhibit/gRY3dhB8.

This image shows a man posing with a hammer and a chisel. The citizens of Berlin used these tools to try

and demolish the wall/