EC GATE 2016 Set 3 PDF

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General Aptitude
Q. No. 1 – 5 Carry One Mark Each
1. An apple costs Rs. 10. An onion costs Rs. 8.

Select the most suitable sentence with respect to grammar and usage.
(A) The price of an apple is greater than an onion.
(B) The price of an apple is more than onion.
(C) The price of an apple is greater than that of an onion.
(D) Apples are more costlier than onions.
Key: (C)
2. The Buddha said, “Holding on to anger is like grasping a hot coal with the intent of throwing it at
someone else; you are the one who gets burnt.”
Select the word below which is closest in meaning to the word underlined above.
(A) burning (B) igniting (C) clutching (D) flinging
Key: (C)
3. M has a son Q and a daughter R. He has no other children. E is the mother of P and daughter-in-law of M.
How is P related to M?
(A) P is the son-in-law of M. (B) P is the grandchild of M.
(C) P is the daughter-in law of M. (D) P is the grandfather of M.
Key: (B)
4. The number that least fits this set: (324, 441, 97 and 64) is ________.
(A) 324 (B) 441 (C) 97 (D) 64
Key: (C)
Exp: 324  182 ; 441  212 ;64  82 but 97  x 2 for any positive integer
i.e. 97 is odd man out
5. It takes 10 s and 15 s, respectively, for two trains travelling at different constant speeds to completely pass
a telegraph post. The length of the first train is 120 m and that of the second train is 150 m. The
magnitude of the difference in the speeds of the two trains (in m/s) is ____________.
(A) 2.0 (B) 10.0 (C) 12.0 (D) 22.0
Key: (A)
length
Exp: Speed   length  speed  time
time
120  10  s 1  s1  12
150  15  s 2  s 2  10
s1  s 2  2
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Q. No. 6 – 10 Carry Two Marks Each
6. The velocity V of a vehicle along a straight line is measured in m/s and plotted as shown with
respect to time in seconds. At the end of the 7 seconds, how much will the odometer reading
increase by (in m)?
(A) 0 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

Key: (D)
7. The overwhelming number of people infected with rabies in India has been flagged by the World
Health Organization as a source of concern. It is estimated that inoculating 70% of pets and stray dogs
against rabies can lead to a significant reduction in the number of people infected with rabies.
Which of the following can be logically inferred from the above sentences?
(A) The number of people in India infected with rabies is high.
(B) The number of people in other parts of the world who are infected with rabies is low.
(C) Rabies can be eradicated in India by vaccinating 70% of stray dogs
(D) Stray dogs are the main sources of rabies worldwide.
Key: (A)
8. A flat is shared by four first year undergraduate students. They agreed to allow the oldest of them to enjoy
some extra space in the flat. Manu is two months older than Sravan, who is three months younger than
Trideep. Pavan is one month older than Sravan. Who should occupy the extra space in the flat?
(A) Manu (B) Sravan (C) Trideep (D) Pavan
Key: (C)
9. Find the area bounded by the lines 3x+2y=14, 2x-3y=5 in the first quadrant.
(A) 14.95 (B) 15.25 (C) 15.70 (D) 20.35
Key: (B)
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 14  y
Exp A  ,0
 3  B
B   0, 7  3x  2y  14
5 
C   , 0
2 
 5  E 2x  3y  5
D   0,  R
 3 
E   4,1
x
O C A
Required area is area of
 OAB – area of  CEA D
1  14  1  13 
    7     1  15.25 sq.units
2 3  2 6 
10. A straight line is fit to a data set (ln x, y). This line intercepts the abscissa at ln x = 0.1 and has a slope of
−0.02. What is the value of y at x = 5 from the fit?
(A) −0.030 (B) −0.014 (C) 0.014 (D) 0.030
Key: (A)
a
Exp: y  a  bx, where x  l n x and  0.1, b  0.02
b
 a  0.02  x   a  0.002
 0.002  0.02  x 
at x  5, y  0.002  0.02 1.609   0.03018
 0.030
Electronics and Communication Engineering

Q. No. 1 – 25 Carry One Mark Each
 x 
1. Consider a 2 × 2 square matrix A   ,
  
Where x is unknown. If the eigenvalues of the matrix A are    j and    j , the x is equal to
(A)  j (B)  j (C)  (D) 
Key: (D)
Exp: Product of eigen values = det
    j   j   2  x
 2  2   2  x
 x  
sin  z 
2. For f  z   , the residue of the pole at z = 0 is __________.
z2
Key: 1
3
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sin z 1  z3 z5  1 z z2
Exp: f z    z    .....     ......
z2 z2  3! 5!  z 3! 5!
1
Resideu  coefficient of  1
z
3. The probability of getting a “head” in a single toss of a biased coin is 0.3. The coin is tossed repeatedly
till a “head” is obtained. If the tosses are independent, then the probability of getting “head” for the
first time in the fifth toss is .
Key: 0.07
Exp: Required probability = TTTTH
  0.7  0.7  0.7  0.7  0.3
 0.07203
1
dx
4. The integral  1  x 
0
is equal to _________.
Key: 2
1 1 1
1  x  2 1 1  x 
1 1
1 2 1 1
Exp: 0 1  x  2
dx    2 1  x  2
0 2
1 1
 1
2 0 2 0
5. Consider the first order initial value problem

y'  y 2 x  x3 , y  0  1,  0  x   
with exact solution y  x   x 2  ex . For x = 0.1, the percentage difference between the exact solution
and the solution obtained using a single iteration of the second-order Runge-Kutta method with step-
size h = 0.1is
Key: 0.06 to 0.063
6. Consider the signal x  t   cos  6t   sin 8t  , where t is in seconds. The Nyquist sampling rate (in
samples/second) for the signal y(t) = x(2t+5) is
(A) 8 (B) 12 (C) 16 (D) 32
Key: (C)
Exp: Shifting doesn‟t effects the sampling rate due to scaling by a factor „2‟ spectral components are doubled.
X(f )
4
3 3 4
Thus maximum frequency of Y(f )  8.

 Nyquist rate  8  2  16Hz
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sin  t  sin  t 
7. If the signal x  t   * with * denoting the convolution operation, then x(t) is equal to
t t
sin  t  sin  2t  2sin  t   sin  t  
2
(A) (B) (C) (D)  

t 2t t  t 
Key: (A)
sin t 1
Exp:  sa  t 
t 
 
 sa  t  F
  rect  
2
1  
sa  t  
F
 rect  
 2
Convolution in time domain leads to multiplication in frequency domain
    1 sin t
 rect   rect    X    x  t   sa  t  
2 2  t
8. A discrete-time signal x  n     n  3  2  n  5 has z-transform X(z). If Y(z) = X(-z) is the z-

transform of another signal y[n], then
(A) y[n] = x[n] (B) y[n] = x[-n] (C) y[n] = -x[n] (D) y[n] = -x[-n]
Key: (C)
Exp: x  n     n  3  2  n  5
 x  z   z 3  2z 5
x  z    z   2  2 
3 5
y  z   z 3  2z 5
y  n     n  3  2  n  5
y  n    x  n 
9. In the RLC circuit shown in the figure, the input voltage is given by
i  t   2cos  200t   4sin 500t 
The output voltage 0  t  is
(A) cos (200t) + 2sin (500t)

(B) 2 cos (200t) + 4sin (500t)
(C) sin (200t) + 2cos (500t)
(D) 2 sin (200t) + 4cos (500t)
Key: (B)
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Exp: Vi(t) = 2cos 200t + 4 sin 500t, since there are 2 frequency term output will also have 2 frequency term.
 If we take 4sin500t first i.e. W = 500 then on the output section, this parallel LC combination have
ZLC  , so it is open circuit and V0 = Vi
j200  j200
So w.r.t. 4sin500t output must be 4sin500t without any change in amplitude and phase, this is satisfied by
only option B.
10. The I-V characteristics of three types of diodes at the room temperature, made of semiconductors X, Y
and Z, are shown in the figure. Assume that the diodes are uniformly doped and identical in all respects
except their materials. If EgX, EgY and EgZ are the band gaps of X, Y and Z, respectively, then
I
X Y Z
(A) EgX > EgY > EgZ (B) EgX = EgY = EgZ
(C) EgX < EgY < EgZ (D) no relationship among these band gaps exists
Key: (C)
11. The figure shows the band diagram of a Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS). The surface region of this
MOS is in
(A) inversion (B) accumulation (C) depletion (D) flat band

Key: (A)
Exp: The semiconductor used in the MOSFET is n-type. At the surface the intrinsic level is above EF as it is
found at the distance of below EF, So, the surface is in inversion region.
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12. The figure shows the I-V characteristics of a solar cell illuminated uniformly with solar light of power
100 mW/cm2. The solar cell has an area of 3 cm2 and a fill factor of 0.7. The maximum efficiency
(in %) of the device is ________.
Key: 21
FF.Voc Isc 0.7  0.5  180
Exp: Efficiency    100% = 21%.
Pin (100  3)
13. The diodes D1 and D2 in the figure are ideal and the capacitors are identical. The product RC is very
large compared to the time period of the ac voltage. Assuming that the diodes do not breakdown in the
reverse bias, the output voltage V0 (in volt) at the steady state is
Key: 0
Exp: Vo  0volts


10V

Vo  0V

10V


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14. Consider the circuit shown in the figure. Assuming VBE1 = VEB2 = 0.7 volt, the value of the dc
voltage VC2 (in volt) is
Key: 0.5
Exp: VE2  2.5  VBE1  1.8V
VB2  VE2  0.7  1.1V
0.1
I B2   105 A
10k
I C2  50  105 A
VC2  5  104  103  0.5V
15. In the astable multivibrator circuit shown in the figure, the frequency of oscillation (in kHz) at the
output pin 3 is .
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Key: 5.64
1.44 1.44
Exp: f   5.64kHz
 R A  2R B  C [2200  24700]  0.022 106
16. In an 8085 microprocessor, the contents of the accumulator and the carry flag are A7 (in hex) and 0,
respectively. If the instruction RLC is executed, then the contents of the accumulator (in hex) and the
carry flag, respectively, will be
(A) 4E and 0 (B) 4E and 1 (C) 4F and 0 (D) 4F and 1
Key: (D)
Exp: Accumulator
CY
0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
RLCRotate left accumulator content without carry
CY Accumulator
1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 4FH
17. The logic functionality realized by the circuit shown below is
(A) OR (B) XOR (C) NAND (D) AND

Key: (D)
Exp: All the transistor are n-mos we know when input to gate is 0 
 n mos behave as open circuit. Input to
Gate is 1 
 n mos is short circuit. A
 we can redraw the circuit as
B T1
B T2
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to get the functionality get find its truth table

A B T1 T2 Y
0 0 OFF ON 0
0 1 ON OFF A0
1 0 OFF ON 0
1 1 ON OFF A 1
 So, Y satisfy AND gate table.
18. The minimum number of 2-input NAND gates required to implement a 2-input XOR gate is
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7
Key: (A)
Exp:
A Y AB  AB  A  B
B
19. The block diagram of a feedback control system is shown in the figure. The overall closed-loop gain
G of the system is
G1G 2 G1G 2
(A) G  (B) G 
1  G1H1 1  G1G 2  G1H1
G1G 2 G1G 2
(C) G  (D) G 
1  G1G 2 H1 1  G1G 2  G1G 2 H1
Key: (B)
Exp:
 
G2 G1 G1
 1  G1H1
H1
10
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11010
/14
7EC
Y G1G 2

x 1  G1H1  G1G 2
20. For the unity feedback control system shown in the figure, the open-loop transfer function G(s) is
2
given as G  s  
s  s  1
The steady state error ess due to a unit step input is

(A) 0 (B) 0.5 (C) 1.0 (D) ∞
Key: (A)
1
Exp: For unit step input ess  .
1  kp
2
k p  lim G(s)  lim 
s 0 s  0 s(s  1)
1
So, ess  0
1 
21. For a superheterodyne receiver, the intermediate frequency is 15 MHz and the local oscillator frequency
is 3.5 GHz. If the frequency of the received signal is greater than the local oscillator frequency, then
the image frequency (in MHz) is .
Key: 3485
Exp: f image = ?
fS = f L0   (fSi - f L0 )
fSi = Image freq
f L0 = Signal freq
fS - f L0   fSi + f L0
fSi  2f L0  fS
fS  f L0  f1F
fSi  2f L0  f1F  f L0  f L0  f1F  3500 15 =3485 mHz
11
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22. An analog baseband signal, band limited to 100 Hz, is sampled at the Nyquist rate. The samples are
quantized into four message symbols that occur independently with probabilities p1 = p4 = 0.125 and
p2 = p3. The information rate (bits/sec) of the message source is
Key: 360 to 363
23. A binary baseband digital communication system employs the signal

 1
 , 0  t  TS
p  t    TS
 0,
 otherwise
for transmission of bits. The graphical representation of the matched filter output y(t) for this signal will
be
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
Key: (C)
Exp: P(t)  h(t)  y(t)
h(t) = P(t S -t) 1

1
TS
t 0
2TS
0 TS
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24. If a right-handed circularly polarized wave is incident normally on a plane perfect conductor, then the
reflected wave will be
(A) right-handed circularly polarized (B) left-handed circularly polarized
0
(C) elliptically polarized with a tilt angle of 45 (D) horizontally polarized
Key: (B)
Exp: If incident wave is right handed polarized then the reflected wave is left handed polarized.
25. Faraday‟s law of electromagnetic induction is mathematically described by which one of the following
equations?
 
    B    D
(A) .B  0 (B) .D  V (C)   E  (D)   H  E 
t t
Key: (C)
Q. No. 26 – 55 carry Two Marks Each

26. The particular solution of the initial value problem given below is
d2 y dy dy
2
 12  36y  0 with y  0   3 and  36
dx dx dx x 0
(A)  3  18x  e (B)  3  25x  e 3  20x  e6x (D)  3  12x  e

6x 6x 6x
(C)
Key: (A)
Exp: D2  12D  36  0
 D  6, 6
C.F   C1  C 2 x  e 6x
 y   C1  C 2 x  e 6x
y 0  3
 3  C1
dy
 C 2 e 6x   C1  C 2 x  e 6x  6 
dx
dy
 36
dx x  0
 36  C 2   3  0  .1 6   C 2  18
 y   3  18x  e 6x
27. If the vectors e 1 = (1, 0, 2), e 2 = (0, 1, 0) and e 3 = (−2, 0, 1) form an orthogonal basis of the three-
dimensional real space R3, then the vector u   4,3, 3  R 3 can be expressed as
2 11 2 11
(A) u   e1  3e2  e3 (B) u   e1  3e2  e3
5 5 5 5
2 11 2 11
(C) u   e1  3e2  e3 (D) u   e1  3e2  e3
5 5 5 5
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Key: (D)
Exp: From option (D),
2 11
u e1  3e 2  e3
3 5
2 11
 1,0, 2   3  0,1,0    2,0,1
5 5
  4,3, 3
28. A triangle in the xy-plane is bounded by the straight lines 2x = 3y, y = 0 and x = 3. The volume
above the triangle and under the plane x + y + z = 6 is
Key: 10 y
Exp: Volume =  z dx dy
R
2x  3y
3 2 B
   6  x  y  dy dx
x
 3
y 0
x 0
2
x
 3
y2  3 xb
   6  x  y   .dx R
x 0 
z  y 0
 x
 2x  1  4 
  6  x   3   2  9 x
3
 2 O
  dx A


 2 2 2 2 x limits : 0 to 3

3
  4x  x  x dx

 3 9  2
y limits: 0 to x
3 3
 8  x3 
  2x 2      2  9    33   10 cubic units
8
 9  0
3 27
1 ez
2j c z  2
29. The values of the integral dz along a closed contour c in anti-clockwise direction for
(i) The point z0 = 2 inside the contour c, and

(ii) The point z0 = 2 outside the contour c,
Respectively, are
(A) (i) 2.72, (ii) 0 (B) (i) 7.39, (ii) 0 (C) (i) 0, (ii) 2.72 (D) (i) 0, (ii) 7.39
Key: (B)
e2
Exp: (i)
1

 
1
 2jf  2  e2  7.39
2j z  2 2j
(ii) 0
 2 
30. A signal 2 cos  t   cos  t  is the input to an LTI system with the transfer function
 3 
H  s   es  es .
If Ck denotes the kth coefficient in the exponential Fourier series of the output signal, then C3 is equal to
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
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Key: (B)
2 
Exp: output  2cos t  2cos t 0 
3 3
 
nd rd
2 harmonic 3 harmonic
 
j  3t  j  3t
In E.F.S 3rd harmonic  2cos t  e  3   e 3
 
j 3t
The coefficient of e  3  is1So C3  1.
31. The ROC (region of convergence) of the z-transform of a discrete-time signal is represented by the shaded
region in the z-plane. If the signal x  n    2.0  ,   n  , then the ROC of its z-transform is
n
represented by
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
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Key: (D)
x n   2 ,    n  
n
Exp:
x  n   2n u  n   2 n u  n  1
2n u  n  ; ROC : z  2
2 n u  n  1 ; ROC : z  0.5
Thus combined ROC does not exist for x[n]
32. Assume that the circuit in the figure has reached the steady state before time t = 0 when the 3
resistor suddenly burns out, resulting in an open circuit. The current i(t) (in ampere) at t = 0+ is ______.
Key: 1
Exp: At t  0, the circuit is on steady state i.e. the capacitor is open circuited so the circuit will be
V3F   V2   V3    V3   4V
V2F  V3  6V
at t = 0+ when  is open circuited, the capacitors will have an ideal voltage source of values 4V and
6V so the circuit will be
2A
3F
2
1
2
12V 
2F 3
4
So the current through 2 resistor at t = 0+ should be  1A
22
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4V  2
1  4V  2
1 
2  2
12 


12  
6V  6V 

Burn out
 at t  0 

33. In the figure shown, the current i (in ampere) is ______.
Key: -1
Exp: Nodal equation at V 1A
5 8V i1

V 8 V V 8 V a
   0 
1 1 1 1 
1 1
 4V  16 v
0V
b
 V  4V

By using KCL at node „a‟. 8V

84 i
1  i1  0  i1  5A 1
1
KCL at b
4
  i1  i  0  4  5  i  0
1
 i  1A
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 z11 z12 
34. The z-parameter matrix   for the two-port network shown in
 z 21 z 22 
 2 2 2 2 9 3 9 3
(A)   (B)   (C)   (D)  
2 2  2 2 6 9  6 9
Key: (A)
3
Exp: Since the given network is symmetric
 
and reciprocal Z11  Z22
Z12  Z21 input output
V1 3 6  
 Z11   2
I1 I2  0
3 6
6
V2
 Z21 
I1 I1
I2  0
 
We know V2  V1  Z21  2
V1 3 V2
 Z11 Z12   2 2  
So  
 Z21 Z22   2 2  IL  0
35. A continuous-time speech signal xa(t) is sampled at a rate of 8 kHz and the samples are subsequently
grouped in blocks, each of size N. The DFT of each block is to be computed in real time using the radix-
2 decimation-in-frequency FFT algorithm. If the processor performs all operations sequentially, and takes
20 s for computing each complex multiplication (including multiplications by 1 and −1) and the time
required for addition/subtraction is negligible, then the maximum value of N is _____
Key: 4096
36. The direct form structure of an FIR (finite impulse response) filter is shown in the figure.
The filter can be used to approximate a
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(A) low-pass filter (B) high-pass filter (C) band-pass filter (D) band-stop filter
Key: (C)
Exp: y  n   5x  n   5x  n  2
 H  e j   5 1  e 2 j 
At   0, H  e j   0
At   ; H  e j   0
Thus the filter is band pass filter

37. The injected excess electron concentration profile in the base region of an npn BJT, biased in the
active region, is linear, as shown in the figure. If the area of the emitter-base junction is 0.001 cm2,
n  800cm2  V  s  in the base region and depletion layer widths are negligible, then the collector
current Ic (in mA) at room temperature is __________.
19
(Given: thermal voltage VT = 26 mV at room temperature, electronic charge q  1.6 10 C)
Key: 6.65
dn dn  1014  0 
Exp: Ic  qAD n  qA n Vt  1.6  1019  0.001  800  26  103  4 
dx dx  0.5  10 
Ic  6.65mA
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38. Figures I and II show two MOS capacitors of unit area. The capacitor in Figure I has insulator materials
X (of thickness t1 = 1 nm and dielectric constant 1  4 ) and Y (of thickness t2 = 3 nm and dielectric
constant  2  20 ). The capacitor in Figure II has only insulator material X of thickness tEq. If the
capacitors are of equal capacitance, then the value of tEq (in nm) is ___________.
Key: 1.6
E1 E 2
.
t1 t 2 E1E 2 4  20
Exp: CI     2.5
E1 E 2 E1t 2  E 2 t1 (4  2)  (20  1)

t1 t2
E1 4
CII    2.5  t Eq  1.6nm
t Eq t Eq
39. The I-V characteristics of the zener diodes D1 and D2 are shown in Figure I. These diodes are used in
the circuit given in Figure II. If the supply voltage is varied from 0 to 100 V, then breakdown occurs in
(A) D1 only (B) D2 only (C) both D1and D2 (D) none of D1 and D2
Key: (A)
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40. For the circuit shown in the figure, R1  R 2  R 3  1, L  1H and C  1F. If the input
 
Vin  cos 106 t , then the overall voltage gain  Vout Vin  of the circuit is ______.
Key: -1
 R   1 
Exp: A1  1  1   1  6 6 
2
 jL   10  10 
 
R3 1 1 1
A2     
R 2  XC 1
1 11 2
10  106
6
Vout
The overall voltage gain A v   A1  A2
Vin
Vout  1
 2     1
Vin  2
41. In the circuit shown in the figure, the channel length modulation of all transistors is non-zero
   0 . Also, all transistors operate in saturation and have negligible body effect. The ac small
signal voltage gain  V0 Vin  of the circuit is
 1 
(A) gm1  r01 || r02 || r03  (B) g m1  r01 || || r03 
 g m3 
  1     1  
(C) g m1  r01 ||  || r02  || r03  (D) g m1  r01 ||  || r03  || r02 
  
  g m2     g m3  
Key: (C)
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42. In the circuit shown in the figure, transistor M1 is in saturation and has transconductance gm = 0.01
siemens. Ignoring internal parasitic capacitances and assuming the channel length modulation  to be
zero, the small signal input pole frequency (in kHz) is .
Key: 57.9
Exp: Cin  50PF 1  g m R   550PF
g m  0.015
R  1k
R  1k
1  g m R  11
R in  5k
1
f in   57.9 kHz
2R in Cin
43. Following is the K-map of a Boolean function of five variables P, Q, R, S and X. The minimum sum-
of-product (SOP) expression for the function is
(A) P QS X  P QS X  Q R S X  QRSX (B) Q SX  Q S X

(C) Q SX  Q S X (D) QS  QS
Key: (B)
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44. For the circuit shown in the figure, the delays of NOR gates, multiplexers and inverters are 2 ns, 1.5
ns and 1 ns, respectively. If all the inputs P, Q, R, S and T are applied at the same time instant, the
maximum propagation delay (in ns) of the circuit is .
Key: (6)
Exp: Case (i) When T = 0
Ttotal = delay of NOR + delay of 1st MUX + delay of 2nd MUX= 2+1.5+1.5 = 5ns
Case (ii) When T = 1
Ttotal = delay of 1st NOT-gate + delay of 1st MUX + delay of 2nd NOR-gate + delay of 2nd MUX
= 1+1.5+2+1.5 = 6 ns
So, the maximum delay = 6 ns.
45. For the circuit shown in the figure, the delay of the bubbled NAND gate is 2 ns and that of the
counter is assumed to be zero.
If the clock (Clk) frequency is 1 GHz, then the counter behaves as a
(A) mod-5 counter (B) mod-6 counter (C) mod-7 counter (D) mod-8 counter
Key: (D)
Exp: The time period of clock is 1nsec and that of nand gate is 2n sec.
 The time period of clock 1n sec and that of nand gate is 2n.sec.
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 If the nand gate would have 0 delay then the counter must be MOD 6 because on 6 th CP it will be
rejected.
 But as the delay is 2nsec, the effect of 6th CP will be observed on reset in after 2nsec, but in this
additional 2n.sec, 2 more clock cycle would passed in total 8 cycles are needed to rest the counter so
MOD8 counter.
46. The first two rows in the Routh table for the characteristic equation of a certain closed-loop control
system are given as
The range of K for which the system is stable is

(A) −2.0 < K < 0.5 (B) 0 < K < 0.5 (C) 0  K   (D) 0.5  K  
Key: (D)
Exp: S3 1 2k  3
S2 2k 4
From the table we can find characteristic equation
s3  2ks2   2k  3 s  4  0
For stability  2k   2k  3  4
4k 2  6k  4  0
 1
 k    k  2  0
 2
1
So the conditions are k  and k  2 combiningly k > – 2
2
47. A second-order linear time-invariant system is described by the following state equations
d
x1  t   2x1  t   3u  t 
dt
d
x2  t   x2  t   u  t 
dt
where x1(t) and x2(t) are the two state variables and u(t) denotes the input. If the output c(t) = x1(t), then
the system is
(A) controllable but not observable

(B) observable but not controllable
(C) both controllable and observable
(D) neither controllable nor observable
Key: (A)
Exp: The set of equation of the system are
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dx1  t  
  2x1  t   3u  t   x i  t   2x1  t   0x 2  t   3u  t 
dt
dx 2  t  
 x 2  t   u  t   x 2  t   0 x1  t   x 2  t   u  t 
dt
c  t   x1  t   0x 2  t 
 we can frame the state space of the system as
 
 x 1    2 0   x 1    3  4
    0 1  x 2  1
x2 
x 
y  1 0  1 
x2 
 2 0 
 A matrix is  
 0 1
 3
B matrix is  
1
C matrix is 1 0
 for controllability determinant of B AB  0
3 6
1 1  3  6  3  0 so controllable
 
C
 for observability determinant of  0
Ca 
 1 0
2 0  0 so not observable
 
 final controllable but not observable
48. The forward-path transfer function and the feedback-path transfer function of a single loop negative
feedback control system are given as
K s  2
G s   and H  s   1,
s 2  2s  2
Respectively, If the variable parameter K is real positive, then the location of the breakaway point on the
root locus diagram of the system is .
Key: -3.414
Exp: To find break point, from characteristic equation we need to arrange k as function of s, then the root of
dk
 0 gives break point.
ds
Characteristic equation is given by
25
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7EC
s2  2s  2  k  2k  0
 k  s  2     s 2  2s  2 
 s 2  2s  2 
 k   
 s2 
 d 2   2 d 
dk  s  2 ds s  2s  2  s  2s  ds s  2 
   
ds   s  2 2 
dk   s  2  2s  2    s 2  2s  2  
   
ds   s  2 2 
dk
 0
ds
 2s2  2s  4s  4  s 2  2s  2  0
 s 2  4s  2  0
 s  0.58 and  3.414
j
1
2
j
 To find the valid break point we need to find that lies on root locus
 – 3.414 lies on root locus
 So break point – 3.414.
49. A wide sense stationary random process X(t) passes through the LTI system shown in the figure. If the
autocorrelation function of X(t) is R X    , then the autocorrelation function R Y   of the output Y(t) is
equal to
(A) 2R X    R X    T0   R X    T0  (B) 2R X    R X    T0   R X    T0 
(C) 2R X    2R X    2T0  (D) 2R X    2R X    2T0 
Key: (B)
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Exp: R YY (τ) = E[Y(t)Y(t - τ)]

E[{X(t)-X(t - T0 )}{X(t-τ)-X(t -τ  T0 )}]
= R X (τ) - R X (-τ-T0 )-R X (-T+T0 )+R X (-τ)
R YY (τ) = 2R X (τ) - R X (τ + T0 )-R X (τ-T0 )
50. A voice-grade AWGN (additive white Gaussian noise) telephone channel has a bandwidth of 4.0

kHz and two-sided noise power spectral density  2.5 105 Watt per Hz. If information at the rate
2
of 52 kbps is to be transmitted over this channel with arbitrarily small bit error rate, then the minimum
bit-energy Eb (in mJ/bit) necessary is .
Key: 31.5
Exp: Information rate
R  C Channel capacity
For Error free transmission
 S
C = B log 2 1  
 N
B = 4KHz
S = E b / Tb  E b R b
η
N= .2B = ηB
2
 S
R b  B log 2 1  
 N
 ER 
R b  B log 2 1+ b b 
 ηB 
 E b  31.5mJ/bit
 E bmin  31.5mJ/bit
51. The bit error probability of a memoryless binary symmetric channel is 10−5. If 105 bits are sent over this
channel, then the probability that not more than one bit will be in error is _________.
Key: 0.7 to 0.75
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52. Consider an air-filled rectangular waveguide with dimensions a = 2.286 cm and b = 1.016 cm. At 10
GHz operating frequency, the value of the propagation constant (per meter) of the corresponding
propagating mode is _________.
Key: 157
53. Consider an air-filled rectangular waveguide with dimensions a = 2.286 cm and b = 1.016 cm. The
increasing order of the cut-off frequencies for different modes is
(A) TE01 < TE10 < TE11 < TE20 (B) TE20 < TE11 < TE10 < TE01
(C) TE10 < TE20 < TE01 < TE11 (D) TE10 < TE11 < TE20 < TE01
Key: (C)
2 2
C m n
Exp: fc     
2  a  b
C 1 C
for TE 01 f c   2
 98.4 
2 1.016 10 2
C 1 C
for TE10 fc   2
 43.74 
2 2.286 10 2
C
For TE11 f c  107.7 
2
C 2 C
For TE20 fc   2
 87.49 
2 2.286  10 2
TE10 < TE20 < TE01 < TE11
54. A radar operating at 5 GHz uses a common antenna for transmission and reception. The antenna has a
gain of 150 and is aligned for maximum directional radiation and reception to a target 1 km away having
radar cross-section of 3 m2. If it transmits 100 kW, then the received power in W is  
__________.
Key: 0.012
55. Consider the charge profile shown in the figure. The resultant potential distribution is best described by
28
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7EC
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
Key: (D)
q q
Exp: Electrical 0   N d x no   N d x po
 
 x2 
Potential  (x)   0  x  
 2w 0 
P(x)
V(x)
P1
b
a b
a
P1
P1
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|EC| GATE-2015-PAPER-03 www.gateforum.

1. An apple costs Rs. 10. An onion costs Rs. 8.

Q. No. 6 – 10 Carry Two Marks Each

(A) 0 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

Electronics and Communication Engineering

5. Consider the first order initial value problem

Thus maximum frequency of Y(f )  8.

(A) (B) (C) (D)  

8. A discrete-time signal x  n     n  3  2  n  5 has z-transform X(z). If Y(z) = X(-z) is the z-

The output voltage 0  t  is

(A) cos (200t) + 2sin (500t)

(A) inversion (B) accumulation (C) depletion (D) flat band

RLCRotate left accumulator content without carry

17. The logic functionality realized by the circuit shown below is

(A) OR (B) XOR (C) NAND (D) AND

to get the functionality get find its truth table

The steady state error ess due to a unit step input is

fSi = Image freq

fSi  2f L0  f1F  f L0  f L0  f1F  3500 15 =3485 mHz

23. A binary baseband digital communication system employs the signal

Exp: P(t)  h(t)  y(t)

h(t) = P(t S -t) 1

Q. No. 26 – 55 carry Two Marks Each

(A)  3  18x  e (B)  3  25x  e 3  20x  e6x (D)  3  12x  e

(i) The point z0 = 2 inside the contour c, and

33. In the figure shown, the current i (in ampere) is ______.

The filter can be used to approximate a

Thus the filter is band pass filter

Exp: Cin  50PF 1  g m R   550PF

(A) P QS X  P QS X  Q R S X  QRSX (B) Q SX  Q S X

The range of K for which the system is stable is

(A) controllable but not observable

 for controllability determinant of B AB  0

(C) 2R X    2R X    2T0  (D) 2R X    2R X    2T0 

Exp: R YY (τ) = E[Y(t)Y(t - τ)]

R YY (τ) = 2R X (τ) - R X (τ + T0 )-R X (τ-T0 )

For Error free transmission

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