Pengaruh Dekokta Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) terhadap Sensitivitas Aorta dan Kadar

Kadmium Serum Tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan yang Diinduksi Kadmium Klorida
(CdCl2) Subkronis

Achmad Irfan1, Rio Risandiansyah2, Arif Yahya2

1
Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Malang
2
Staff Pengajar Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Malang
Email: achmadirfan23@gmail.com

ABSTRAK

Pendahuluan: Kadmium merupakan logam berat yang diketahui memiliki efek toksik terhadap dinding
pembuluh darah. Kadmium yang beredar di sirkulasi darah dapat menyebabkan disfungsi endotel dan
meningkatkan sensitivitas pembuluh darah melalui mekanisme stress oksidatif. Eceng gondok (Eichhornia
crassipes) diketahui memiliki efek fitoremediasi terhadap logam berat serta memiliki kandungan antioksidan
yang dapat mengikat radikal bebas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian dekokta
eceng gondok terhadap kadar kadmium serum dan sensitivitas aorta tikus wistar jantan yang diinduksi kadmium
klorida(CdCl2) subkronis.
Metode: Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratorik secara in vivo
menggunakan tikus wistar jantan (n≥5). Tikus dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu kontrol negatif (pakan dan
minuman standard), kontrol positif (induksi CdCl2 5 mg/kgBB) dan 3 kelompok perlakuan ( induksi CdCl 2 5
mg/kgBB + dekokta eceng gondok masing-masing 200, 400, dan 800 mg/kgBB). Perlakuan ini diberikan selama
28 hari. Sensitivitas aorta diuji didalam isolated organ bath dengan induksi fenilefrin dan asetilkolin. Kadar
kadmium dalam serum tikus diukur menggunakan Atomic Absortion Spectrophotometry (AAS).
Hasil: Induksi CdCl2 5 mg/kgBB tidak memperlihatkan perbedan kadar kadmium serum yang signifikan antara
kelompok kontrol positif (0.0967±0.0275 ppm) dengan kelompok kontrol negatif (0.1510±0.0586 ppm). Kadar
kadmium serum meningkat secara signifikan pada kelompok dengan Pemberian dekokta eceng gondok 200
mg/kgBB (0.3236±0.0722 ppm) kemudian menurun secara signifikan pada dosis 800 mg/kgBB (0.0868±0.0977
ppm). Selain itu, dekokta eceng gondok menunjukkan adanya kecenderungan meningkatkan respon vasodilatasi
dan menurunkan respon vasokontriksi.
Kesimpulan: Pemberian dekokta eceng gondok pada dosis 800 mg/kgBB dapat menurunkan kadar kadmium
serum tikus wistar jantan yang diinduksi 5 mg/kgBB CdCl2 selama 28 hari.

Kata Kunci: Eceng gondok, kadmium, sensitivitas aorta, kadar kadmium serum
 The Effect of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Decocta on Aortic Sensitivity and
Cadmium Serum Level in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Induced by Subchronic
Cadmium Chloride (CdCl2)

Achmad Irfan1, Rio Risandiansyah2, Arif Yahya2

1
Student of Medical Faculty, Malang Islamic University
2
Lectures of Medical Faculty, Malang Islamic University
Email: achmadirfan23@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Cadmium is a heavy metal which has toxic effect on vascular wall. Blood level of cadmium
would be able to induce endothelial dysfunction and increase vascular reactivity by oxidative stress mechanism.
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is believed that has ability of phytoremediation effect on heavy metals
and its antioxidant compounds that can bind to free radicals. This study aims to determine the effect of water
hyacinth decocta on the serum cadmium level and aortic sensitivity of male wistar rats induced by subchronic
cadmium chloride (CdCl2).
Methods: The method of this study was laboratory experimental in vivo using male wistar rats (n≥5). The rats
were divided into 5 groups: negative control (standard feed and drink), positive control (induced by 5 mg/kgBW
of CdCl2) and 3 treatment groups (induced by 5 mg/kgBW CdCl2 + water hyacinth decocta respectively 200,
400, and 800 mg/KgBW). These groups would be treated for 28 days. Aortic sensitivity was tested in isolated
organ bath by induction of phenylephrine and acetylcholine. Levels of cadmium in rat serum were measured
using Atomic Absortion Spectrophotometry (AAS).
Results: The Induction of CdCl2 5 mg/kgBW showed that no significant difference of serum cadmium level
between positive control group (0.0967±0.0275 ppm) compared to negative control group (0.1510±0.0586 ppm).
Cadmium serum level increased significantly at the dose of water hyacinth decocta 200 mg/kgBW
(0.3236±0.0722 ppm) and decreased significantly at the dose of 800 mg/kgBW (0.0868±0.0977 ppm). In
addition, water hyacinth decocta made a trend by increasing response to vasodilation and decreasing response to
vasoconstriction.
Conclusions: The 800 mg/kgBB dosage of water hyacinth decocta decreased serum cadmium levels of male
wistar rats which was induced by 5 mg/kgBW CdCl2 for 28 days.
Keywords: Water hyacinth, cadmium, aortic sensitivity, serum cadmium level