PHY094

FOUNDATION
PHYSICS I

MOTION IN
TWO
DIMENSIONS
PUTERI NOOR SAFURA MEGAT MAHMUD
(B.Sc Physics (Hons) UKM, M.Sc Applied Physics UKM)
Bilik Pensyarah 25, Level 7, FSK 1,5
UiTM Puncak Alam
puteri2902@puncakalam.uitm.edu.my
03-32584994
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Special credit to Megat Mohd Izhar Sapeli
 Units of Chapter 3

• Motion in Two Dimensions

• Projectile Motion: Basic Equations
 Learning Outcomes
Students should be able to :
• Identify motion in 2D.
• Apply equations of motion to solve motion
in 2D problems.
 4-1 Motion in Two Dimensions

Now we extend our study of kinematics to motion in two dimensions.

The main idea of this chapter is quite simple; Horizontal and vertical
motions are independent.
That is for example, the time of fall is the same whether a ball is
dropped from rest straight down, or thrown horizontally.
Motion with
Constant Velocity
A turtle starts at
the origin at t = 0
and moves with
constant speed v0
= 0.26 m/s in a
direction 25°
above the x axis. d  v0t  (0.26 m/s)(5.0 s)  1.3 m
How far has the
turtle moved in the x  1.3cos 25  1.2 m
x and y directions y  1.3sin 25  0.55 m
after 5.0 seconds?
 v0 x  v0 cos 25  0.24 m/s
v0 y  v0 sin 25  0.11 m/s

x  v0 xt  (0.24 m/s)(5.0 s)  1.2 m

y  v0 y t  (0.11 m/s)(5.0 s)  0.55 m
Motion with Constant
Acceleration

Motion in the x- and

y-directions should
be solved
separately:
 Projectile Motion
• An object may move in both the x and y
directions simultaneously
– It moves in two dimensions
• The form of two dimensional motion we will
deal with is an important special case called
projectile motion
Projectile Motion: Basic Equations

Assumptions:
• ignore air resistance
• g = 9.81 m/s2, downward
• ignore Earth’s rotation
•If y-axis points upward,
acceleration in x-direction is zero
•acceleration in y-direction is -9.80
m/s2
• parabolic path
 Rules of Projectile Motion
• The x- and y-directions of motion are completely
independent of each other
• The x-direction is uniform motion
– ax = 0
• The y-direction is free fall
– ay = -g
• The initial velocity can be broken down into its x- and
y-components
–
Projectile Motion

Section 3.4
Projectile Motion at Various Initial Angles

• Complementary values
of the initial angle result
in the same range
– The heights will be
different
• The maximum range
occurs at a projection
angle of 45o

Section 3.4
Symmetry in projectile motion
 Some Details About the Rules

• x-direction
– ax = 0
–
– x = voxt
• This is the only operative equation in the x-direction
since there is uniform velocity in that direction

Section 3.4
 More Details About the Rules

• y-direction
–
– Free fall problem
• a = -g
– Take the positive direction as upward
– Uniformly accelerated motion, so the motion
equations all hold

Section 3.4
The acceleration is independent of the direction of the
velocity:

These, then, are the basic equations of projectile

motion:

x  x0  v0 xt vx  v0 x vx 2  v0 x 2
1 2
y  y0  v0 y t  gt v y  v0 y  gt v y 2  v0 y 2  2 g y
2
 Velocity of the Projectile

• The velocity of the projectile at any point of its

motion is the vector sum of its x and y
components at that point

– Remember to be careful about the angle’s

quadrant
Range: the horizontal distance a projectile
travels
If the initial and final elevation are the same:

 v0 2 
R  sin 2
 g 
The range is a maximum when θ = 45°:

v0 2
Rmax 
g
Angry Bird
 Summary of Chapter 3
• Components of motion in the x- and y-
directions can be treated independently
• In projectile motion, the acceleration is –g
• If the launch angle is zero, the initial velocity
has only an x-component
• The path followed by a projectile is a
parabola
• The range is the horizontal distance the
projectile travels