MODALS OF POSSIBILITY/DEDUCTION

PRESENT PAST
+ +
May/might/could + infinitive May/might/could + have+ past participle
Example: I may go to Ireland next summer Example: I may have forgotten the keys in the office. I
don’t find them!
- -
May not/might not + infinitive May not/ might not + have+ past participle
Example: I may not be able to go to your party. Example: If we are lucky, the class may not have started
yet.

MODALS OF CERTAINTY = certeza/seguridad

PRESENT PAST
+ +
Must + infinitive Must + have+ past participle
Example: He must be rich. He has a Ferrari! Example: Marc must have been here. They are his keys.
- -
Can’t + infinitive Can’t + have+ past participle
Example: It can’t be my father. He’s in Italy Example: He can’t have stolen the money. He was in
Prague last week.