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PROJECT
3
Numerical
Analysis
Islam, Muhammad
P
Mathematical
Analysis
3)
a=4;
b=3;
c=2;
d=1;
f
=
@(t,x)
[a*x(1)
-‐
b*x(1)*x(2);
-‐c*x(2)
+
d*x(1)*x(2)];
[t,xa]
=
ode45(f,[0
10],[0.5
5]);
plot(t,xa(:,1),
t,
xa(:,2),
t,
ones(size(t))*
(a/b),
t,
ones(size(t))*
(c/d));
title('Graph
of
t,
x(t))
and
(t,
y(t)),
and
the
equilibria
[a=4,
b=3,
c=2,
d=1]')
xlabel('t');
ylabel('x(t)
&
y(t)');
legend('prey','predator','predator
Equilibrium','prey
Equilibrium'
);
4)
a=4;
b=3;
c=2;
d=1;
f
=
@(t,x)
[a*x(1)
-‐
b*x(1)*x(2);
-‐c*x(2)
+
d*x(1)*x(2)];
[t,xa]
=
ode45(f,[0
10],[0.5
5]);
plot(xa(:,1),
xa(:,2),
t,ones(size(t))*(a/b),
t,ones(size(t))*(c/d));
title('Graph
of
(x(t),
y(t)),
including
the
equilibria
[a=4,
b=3,
c=2,
d=1]')
xlabel('x(t)');
ylabel('y(t)');
legend('Predator,
Prey','Predator
Equilibrium','Prey
Equilibrium'
);
Analysis
of
investigation:
The
model
we
have
demonstrated
here
is
the
model
of
predator
and
prey
when
they
interact
with
each
other
in
a
naturalized
environment.
Our
model
takes
into
consideration
certain
presumptions
which
are
as
follows:
• The
population
of
prey
in
the
absence
of
any
predator
grows
unboundedly.
• In
the
absence
of
any
prey
the
predator’s
death
rate
results
in
exponential
decrease
until
predator
population
is
wiped
out.
After
analysis
of
the
model
numerically,
we
can
come
to
the
following
deductions:
• The
effect
of
the
predation
is
to
reduce
the
prey’s
population
growth
rate
by
a
term
proportional
to
the
prey
and
predator
populations.
• The
prey’s
contribution
to
the
predators’
growth
rate
is
proportional
to
the
available
prey
as
well
as
to
the
size
of
the
predator
population.
Taking
Fishing
into
Account
1)
(t,
x(t))
and
(t,
y(t)),
and
the
equilibria
on
the
same
graph.
E=2
a=4;
b=3;
c=2;
d=1;
e=2;
f
=
@(t,x)
[a*x(1)
-‐
b*x(1)*x(2)
-‐
e*x(1);
-‐c*x(2)
+
d*x(1)*x(2)
-‐
e*x(2)];
[t,xa]
=
ode45(f,[0
10],[0.5
5]);
plot(t,xa(:,1),
t,xa(:,2),
t,ones(size(t))*([a-‐e]/b),
t,ones(size(t))*([c+e]/d));
title('Graph
of
t,
x(t))
and
(t,
y(t)),
and
the
equilibria
[a=4,
b=3,
c=2,
d=1,
e=2]')
xlabel('t');
ylabel('x(t)
&
y(t)');
legend('prey','predator','predator
Equilibrium','prey
Equilibrium'
);
E=3
a=4;
b=3;
c=2;
d=1;
e=3;
f
=
@(t,x)
[a*x(1)
-‐
b*x(1)*x(2)
-‐
e*x(1);
-‐c*x(2)
+
d*x(1)*x(2)
-‐
e*x(2)];
[t,xa]
=
ode45(f,[0
10],[0.5
5]);
plot(t,xa(:,1),
t,xa(:,2),
t,ones(size(t))*([a-‐e]/b),
t,ones(size(t))*([c+e]/d));
title('Graph
of
t,
x(t))
and
(t,
y(t)),
and
the
equilibria
[a=4,
b=3,
c=2,
d=1,
e=3]')
xlabel('t');
ylabel('x(t)
&
y(t)');
legend('prey','predator','predator
Equilibrium','prey
Equilibrium'
);
(x(t),
y(t)),
including
the
equilibria
E=2
a=4;
b=3;
c=2;
d=1;
e=2;
f
=
@(t,x)
[a*x(1)
-‐
b*x(1)*x(2)
-‐
e*x(1);
-‐c*x(2)
+
d*x(1)*x(2)
-‐
e*x(2)];
[t,xa]
=
ode45(f,[0
10],[0.5
5]);
plot(xa(:,1),
xa(:,2),
t,ones(size(t))*([a-‐e]/b),
t,ones(size(t))*([c+e]/d));
title('Graph
of
(x(t),
y(t)),
including
the
equilibria
[a=4,
b=3,
c=2,
d=1,
e=2]')
xlabel('x(t)');
ylabel('y(t)');
legend('Predator,
Prey','Predator
Equilibrium','Prey
Equilibrium'
);
E=3
a=4;
b=3;
c=2;
d=1;
e=3;
f
=
@(t,x)
[a*x(1)
-‐
b*x(1)*x(2)
-‐
e*x(1);
-‐c*x(2)
+
d*x(1)*x(2)
-‐
e*x(2)];
[t,xa]
=
ode45(f,[0
10],[0.5
5]);
plot(xa(:,1),
xa(:,2),
t,ones(size(t))*([a-‐e]/b),
t,ones(size(t))*([c+e]/d));
title('Graph
of
(x(t),
y(t)),
including
the
equilibria
[a=4,
b=3,
c=2,
d=1,
e=3]')
xlabel('x(t)');
ylabel('y(t)');
legend('Predator,
Prey','Predator
Equilibrium','Prey
Equilibrium'
);
Analysis
of
investigation:
In
this
part,
we
now
account
for
fishing
into
consideration
in
our
model
environment
or
predator
and
prey.
What
the
analysis
shows
us
is
that
the
number
of
prey
will
increase
while
the
number
of
predator
decreases.
Thus,
prey,
which
is
normally
the
targeted
by
the
fishing,
is
actually
being
benefited
instead
of
harmed
by
the
process.
We
can
apply
this
model
in
the
case
of
let’s
say
using
insecticides.
Let’s
say
we
use
insecticides
in
an
environment
where
there
is
the
insect
population
we
want
to
kill
(prey)
and
other
insects/organisms
that
kill
them
(predator).
Accoriong
to
our
study
what
actually
happens
is
that
the
number
of
prey
will
increase
while
the
number
of
predator
decreases.
Thus,
insects,
which
is
normally
the
targeted
by
the
insecticides,
is
actually
being
benefited
instead
of
harmed
by
the
process.