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ADJECTIVES.
EXERCISES. Choose the right personal pronouns for the following words.
i. John, Pedro and Luis ____________ j. Luisa, Gloria and Maria _____________
s. John, Maria and You ____________ t. Huaraz, Chiclayo and Lima ___________
2. The Verb “Be”: am
He _________ We ___________
I am = ____I´m______
He is = ____________
She is = ____________
It is = ______________
We are = ___________
I in Huaraz.
are in Lima.
He in Caraz.
is in Yungay.
It in the garden.
are in Peru.
You in Mexico.
are in Trujillo.
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
SUBJECT VERB ( TO BE ) NOT OBJECT.
am not in Huaraz.
is in Caraz.
She in Yungay.
is in the garden.
We in Peru.
are in Mexico.
They in Trujillo.
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Am in Huaraz ?
you in Lima
Is in Caraz
she in Yungay
Is in the garden
we in Peru
Are in Mexico
they in Trujillo
4. Short Answers:
- Exercises: Listen to the teacher and then fill in the blanks with “a” or “an”.
9. ______ hour 10. ______ bus 11. ______ radio 12. ______ “m”
13. ______ elevator 14. ______ friend 15. ______ university 16. ______ song
17. ______ “s” 18. ______ unit 19. ______ engineer 20. ______ student
6. Possessive Adjectives: Fill in the blanks.
_____ name is José del Solar. ______ names are Ronaldinho and Messi.
_____ names are Lourdes and Luis. ______ name is Abelardo Gutiérrez.
i. My friends_____ j. My friend________
UNIT 2: SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE, PRESENT CONTINUOUS,
THERE IS AND THERE ARE.
1. Simple Present Tense: To make sentences with verbs in the present tense, we have to
pay attention to the rules that are different to those for the verb “be”.
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Do I live in Huaraz ?
2. Use the words and make affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences.
a. she / work / in a bank __________She works in a bank._____________________
b. they / not / study / Chinese ___________________________________________
c. we / wash / the dishes _______________________________________________
d. i / write / a letter / ? _________________________________________________
e. you / watch / TV / ? ________________________________________________
f. it / not / play / in the yard ____________________________________________
g. he / read / a book ____________________________________________________
h. we / open / the door / ? ______________________________________________
i. he / not / drive / a truck ______________________________________________
j. she / teach / English / ? ______________________________________________
- More exercises
8. I do my homework. _________________________________________________________________
3.Plural of Nouns
- We form the plural of most nouns by adding “s”. Fill in the blanks with the plural forms.
- singular - plural - singular - plural
book ___books___ house ____________
student ____________ desk ____________
dog ____________ apple ____________
computer ____________ guitar ____________
door ____________ ball ____________
4. Numbers: 21-100.
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
I am working in Lima.
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
Am I working in Lima ?
Notes:
. Most ordinal numbers finish in “th”.
. We use them for dates in calendars, for example: May 31 st, July 28th.
. We use them in names of kings and queens but in Roman numbers:
- Henry VIII ( We say: Henry “the” Eighth )
- Elizabeth II ( We say: Elizabeth “the” Second )
a. 15th = _________________________
b. 7th = __________________________
c. 42nd = _________________________
d. 31st = _________________________
e. 11th = _________________________
f. 60th = _________________________
g. 85th = _________________________
h. 57th = _________________________
i. 73rd = _________________________
j. 12th = _________________________P
Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
- Listening.
Running in circles
Coming up tails
Heads on a science apart. Coldplay
Questions of science
Science and progress
Do not speak as loud as my heart
Running in circles
Chasing our tails
Coming back as we are
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
Rule:
The verb “be” is the same after can.
She can be a doctor. √
- Exercises. She can is a doctor. X
a. Make affirmative and negative sentences with can. Use the information in parentheses.
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
was
be
were The verb “be” has two forms
in the past tense:
I was
- was
You were - were
He was
She was
He _________ We ___________
4. Short Answers:
- Affirmative Short Answers - Negative Short Answers
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
5. Sentences:
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
I was a child .
He was a child.
It was a book.
We were children.
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
I in Huaraz.
were in Lima.
He in Caraz.
was in Yungay.
It in the garden.
were in Peru.
You in Mexico.
were in Trujillo.
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
was in Caraz.
She in Yungay.
We in Peru.
were in Mexico.
They in Trujillo.
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Was I a child ?
Was he a child ?
Was it a book ?
Were we children ?
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Was in Huaraz ?
you in Lima
Was in Caraz
she in Yungay
we in Peru
Were in Mexico
they in Trujillo
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
- Exercises.
a. Make affirmative and negative sentences with was or were. Use the information in parentheses.
3. ( we / in Mexico ) _________________________________________________________________
8. ( he / alone ) ______________________________________________________________________
b. Make interrogative sentences with was or were. Use the information in parentheses.
3. ( we / in Mexico ) _________________________________________________________________
6. ( I / in Yungay ) __________________________________________________________________
8. ( he / alone ) ______________________________________________________________________
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
6. Simple Past Tense: We use it to express that an action started and finished at a specific
time in the past.
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
SUBJECT VERB OBJECT .
I lived in Huaraz.
Rule:
We use the Simple Past Tense form of the verbs only in affirmative
sentences.
Rule:
In negative and interrogative sentences the verbs are written in
their base form.
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
Rule: Contraction:
The auxiliary “did” only appears in did not = didn´t
negative and interrogative sentences.
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Note:
These rules can be used for both Regular and Irregular Verbs.
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
Note:
The past form of Regular and Irregular Verbs are the same
for any subject, even if it is in plural or singular.
- Time Expressions.
When the past tense is clear in a sentence, we don´t need anything else.
However, sometimes it is necessary to use time expressions in the past tense.
Here we have some of them:
- last night.
- last Saturday, last week, last month, last year.
- three hours ago, four days ago, five weeks ago, ten years ago.
- yesterday morning, yesterday afternoon, yesterday evening.
- in 1987, in 2000.
- Exercises.
a. Make affirmative sentences in the past tense. Use the information in parentheses.
Note:
The past tense talks about an action already finished. So,
don´t be surprised if somebody says a sentence in the past
tense even today. Example: I visited my mother in the
morning.
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
- More exercises.
b. Make negative sentences in the past tense. Use the information in parentheses.
1. ( Sandra / pay / the rent / last month )________Sandra didn´t pay the rent last month.___________
c. Make interrogative sentences in the past tense. Use the information in parentheses.
1. ( Juan / visit / his parents / last week ) ________Did Juan visit his parents last week?____________
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
Note:
We use the interrogative form with “I” to ask for advice.
Should I stay or should I go?
Exercises: Fill in the blanks with should or shouldn´t and give advices.
9. You ______________ change the way you are. You are an excellent person.
Note:
Both “should” and “shouldn´t” can be used to give “good”
advices.
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
2. Personal Pronouns: Object Pronouns. These pronouns are used to take place of a
direct object or an indirect object ( after a verb ) or an object ( after a preposition ). So,
they can never be the subject of a sentence, for a subject we use subject pronouns.
Let´s see this in the following chart, but just for their position in a sentence.
I me
You you
He him
She her
It it
We us
You you
They them
Note:
We should be very careful with the position of the pronouns in a
sentence to identify if they are subject or object pronouns.
- Object pronouns not only go after a verb, but also after a preposition.
Examples: This book is for him. Listen to me. She´s behind you.
LIST OF PREPOSITIONS
about behind for off to
above below from on toward
across beside in out under
after between inside of outside up
against beyond into over upon
around by like since with
at down near through without
before except of till
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
6. Your father brought a bike for your little brother. = Your father brought _________ for _________.
9. She visited her grandma last week. = She visited ____________ last week.
10. The dog is playing with the ball. = The dog is playing with ____________ .
- Conversation. Antonio :
Good evening, Dad! Mr. Alva :
Good evening, Antonio!
Antonio : There´s a party tonight. Could you lend me 100 soles?
Antonio : No, Dad. Today is Carla´s birthday. I want to buy a gift for her.
Mr. Alva : But 100 soles is too much. Give her a cheaper present.
Antonio : At El Embrujo.
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
Examples:
- It´s my book. Your book is red. This is his car.
- It´s mine. Yours is red. This is his.
- Exercises. Choose the words from the parentheses and write them in the blanks.
1. ___She___ is ___her_ sister Andrea. Rosa misses ___her_ a lot. ( her / her / she )
4. Martin and Sara study English. ______ like ______ so much. ( it / they )
5. Peru has nice places and ______ people are very friendly. ______ is beautiful. ( it / its )
6. Luis thinks ______ mother is excellent, but I think ______ is better. I love _______ ( her / his / mine )
7. ______ bought a bunch of flowers. ______ is for ______ mother. ( it / her / she )
8. Please, tell ______ that ______ need ______ dictionary. ( him / his / I )
9. ______ won the contest. ______ song was the best. ______ needs more rhythm. ( her / she / yours )
10. ______ told ______ yesterday that ______ had to travel. ( me / she / we )
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
4. Present Perfect. We use this tense to tell that something happened in the past, but it is not
important “when” exactly. We use the auxiliary “have”/ “has” and the past participle of a verb.
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
I eaten a hamburger.
You a hamburger.
He eaten a hamburger.
She a hamburger.
It eaten a hamburger.
We a hamburger.
They a hamburger.
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
SUBJECT HAVE/ HAS ( AUX. ) NOT VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE OBJECT .
I eaten a hamburger.
He eaten a hamburger.
It eaten a hamburger.
We not a hamburger.
Note: Notes:
- We use the auxiliary have with: I, you, we, they. - We use the past participle of
- We use the auxiliary has with: he, she, it. irregular verbs.
- The past participle of regular
verbs is equal to their past tense.
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Have I a hamburger ?
Has he a hamburger ?
Has it a hamburger ?
we eaten a hamburger ?
Note: Note:
- For the past participle of irregular - For the past participle ( past tense is equal ) of
verbs, see the list on page 49. regular verbs, see the list on page 48.
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
- Exercises.
a. Make affirmative and negative sentences in Present Perfect. Use the information in parentheses.
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
5. Future. We can form the future with two auxiliaries: “Will” and “be going to”.
5.1. Future with “will”. We use “will” when we make predictions, promises or when we
decide to do something suddenly. “will” and the verb used are the same for all nouns.
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
SUBJECT WILL VERB OBJECT .
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
SUBJECT WILL VERB OBJECT .
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
Contraction: Rule:
will not = won´t -Always use contractions in negative short answers.
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
WILL SUBJECT VERB OBJECT ?
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
WILL SUBJECT VERB OBJECT ?
Rule:
-Most auxiliaries follow the same rules as the verb “be” for making
affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences.
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
- Exercises.
a. Make affirmative and negative sentences in future with “will” by using the
information in parentheses.
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
5.2. Future with “be going to”. We use “be going to” when we have plans, when we
have decided to do something or when something is more likely to happen. We have to
use “am”,“is” or “are”, according to the noun or subject pronoun, then “going to”.
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
on Sunday.
on Sunday.
on Sunday.
on Sunday.
on Sunday.
on Sunday.
on Sunday.
Rule:
- For the negative form, we only add “not” after the verb “be”.
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
BE ( AUX. ) SUBJECT GOING TO VERB OBJECT?
on Sunday?
on Sunday?
on Sunday?
on Sunday?
on Sunday?
on Sunday?
on Sunday?
Rule:
- For the interrogative form, the verb “be” ( am, is, are ) comes first and
then the subject.
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
- Exercises.
a. Make affirmative and negative sentences in future with “be going to” by using
the information in parentheses.
b. Make interrogative sentences in future with “be going to” by using the
information in parentheses.
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
- Listening.
Sing by Travis
(Chorus)
But if you sing, sing, sing, sing, sing, sing,
For the love you bring won't mean a thing,
Unless you sing, sing, sing, sing.
Travis
Colder, crying over your shoulder,
Hold her, tell her everything's gonna be fine.
Surely, you've been going too hurry,
Hurry 'cos no-one's gonna be stopped.
Na na na na...
(Chorus)
But if you sing, sing, sing, sing sing, sing.
For the love you bring won't mean a thing.
Unless you sing, sing, sing, sing, sing, sing,
Uhhh...Ahh ahh..uhhh...
(Chorus)
But if you sing, sing, sing, sing, sing, sing,
For the love you bring won't mean a thing,
Unless you sing, sing, sing, sing.
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Made for Beginners – A Practical Course with a lot of Practice, by Elí Rodríguez,UNASAM-2011
Bibliography
• Anne Seaton & Y. H. Mew ( 2007 ), Basic English Grammar for English Languages
Learners, U.S.A, Saddleback Educational Publishing.
• Maria Carlin & Sandi Jervis ( 2002 ), Grammar Time 3, England, Pearson Education
Limited Edingburgh Gate, Harlow Essex CM20 2JE.
• Samuela Eckstut ( 2003 ), Focus On Grammar, An Introductory Course for reference and
Practice, U.S.A., Pearson Education.
• Song 1: “Baby can I hold you?” by Tracy Chapman, from the album “Tracy Chapman”
released in 1988.
• Song 2: “All you have to do is dream” by The Everly Brothers, a single released in 1958.
• Song 3: “The scientist ” by Coldplay, from the album “A Rush of Blood to the Head”, released
in 2002.
• Song 4: “Sing” by Travis, from the album “The Invisible Band”, released in 2001.
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