Mat Gra Int 004

Intermediate Lesson Material （中級者用レッスンテキスト）
4th Lesson (レッスン第 4 回) (25-50 min)
Today’s Pattern (今日のパターン):
Participles as adjectives （分詞［形容詞的用法］）

Today’s Sentence (今日の例文):
The frightened cat ran away.
（おびえた猫は逃げました。）
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Objectives of this material（このテキストの目的）:
1. Broaden word expressions, not only to understand but also to construct them.
（基本文型を理解するだけでなく、使いこなせるようになる）
2. Gain confidence in speaking by completing simple practice conversations.
（簡単な会話練習から始めて、英会話の自信をつける）
3. Feel one’s progress and enjoy English!
（自分の上達を実感し、英語を楽しむ）
Page 1
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Previous Lessons Review （これまでのレッスンの復習） ( 5-10 min)
Directions: Practice the sentence pattern of your previous lessons.（これまで勉強したパ

ターンを復習しましょう）
0-1. Gerund as Subject Complement

Tutor: What does your company do to acknowledge the good performances of
its employees?
Student: _____________ awards like “Top Employer of the Week” is one of the
company’s means of praising the employees’ good performance.
0-2. Gerund as an Object of the Preposition

Tutor: You look so exhausted!
Student: Yes, I just came back from the construction site. I had to continue
looking for ___________.
0-3. Gerund as Possessive

Tutor: What are the benefits in your company?
Student:
Student: My company’s benefits include giving ________________.
0-4. Gerund as an Appositive

Tutor: Could you tell me more about your company?
Student: My company‘s main focus, _____________________ toys, has been given

importance in our town.
0-5. Gerund as a Noun Complement

Tutor: What are your tasks there? Do you enjoy doing it?
Student: My job, _____________ the products, is very enjoyable.
Page 2
Grammar Review （文法の復習） ( 5-10 min)
A participle is a verbal that is used as an adjective and usually ends in –ing or

–en. It is based on a verb and therefore, expresses an action or state. As an adjective,
participles modify a noun or pronoun.
A participle is a verb form which can be used as an adjective to

describe a noun.
Example 1:
I bought an interesting book.
An interested student always asks questions.
When the present participle (--ing from) is used, the noun it describes is (or was)
the performer of the activity named by the participle.
Example 2:
In the sentence The dog barks, the dog is the performer of the action (bark). It is a
barking dog.
When the past participle (--ed, -en form) is used, the noun it describes is (or
was) acted upon.
Example 3:
In another the sentence The child is frightened by the dog, the child is the receiver of
the action and is described as a frightened child.
The use of the present or past participle does not depend on the verb tense of
the sentence, but rather on the performer/receiver in the sentence.
Page 3
分詞
準動詞の一つである分詞は、主語・目的語・修飾語として働き、
〈動詞の原形＋ing 〉で「〜
している」を表す現在分詞と〈動詞の過去分詞〉で「〜された」を表す過去分詞がありま
す。このレッスンでは、名詞を前や後ろから修飾して形容詞的な働きをし、その名詞の動
作を表す分詞の用法を勉強します。
例文: It is a barking dog. ［名詞を前から修飾する現在分詞］

（それは吠えている犬です。
）
I have a watch made in Switzerland. ［名詞を後ろから修飾する過去分詞］

（私はスイスで作られた時計を持っています。
）
The puppy kept crying all the night. ［主語の補語となる現在分詞］

（その子犬は一晩中泣き続けました。
）
I heard my name called. ［目的語の補語となる過去分詞］

（私は名前を呼ばれるのを聞きました。
）
Page 4
Exercise 1 （エクササイズ１） (2-4 min)
Directions: Repeat after your tutor.（講師に続けて言ってください）

Example（例文）: The frightened cat ran away.
（おびえた猫は逃げました。
）
1-1. It is a barking dog. （吠えている犬）

broken leg. （骨折した脚）
boring class. （つまらない授業）
frightened cat. （おびえた猫）
very exciting show. （とても興奮させるショー）
1-2. Most countries are importing goods made in USA.

manufactured in China
shipped from Asia.
taxed excessively by customs.
loved by many people.
1-3. He kept running towards us.

reading “The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People”.
the truth hidden from his mother.
relaxed on the couch.
the problem unsolved.
manufacture: 製造する excessively: 過剰に customs: 税関

“The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People”: 「七つの習慣」
Page 5
Exercise 2 （エクササイズ 2） (3-6 min)
Directions: Complete the exercise below to make a sentence. （下の文章を完成させてく

ださい）
Example（例文）: The frightened cat ran away.
（おびえた猫は逃げました。
）
2-1. The program host tries to entertain the _____________ audience by telling jokes.
（その番組の司会者は冗談を言って____観客を楽しませようとします。）
2-2. The __________ candidate for President felt cheated by the results of the
elections.
2-3. The candidate objected to the __________ of the votes.
2-4. His artworks seem ____________.
2-5. Problems often become ___________.
candidate: 候補者 cheat: いかさまをする
Page 6
Directions: Match the words below to make a correct sentence or phrase. There may be
multiple combinations. Choose the best answer.（左と右の言葉を組み合わせて、文章を完
成させてください。必ずしも１対 1 の対応になっているわけではありません。）
The cat _____
3-1. amused the smoked fish on the table.
3-2. ate the by the sound of the broken glass.
3-3. was surprised hidden passage.
3-4. was taken by a passing stranger.
3-5. uncovered a bored audience.
The _____
3-6. red wine is spilled on the floor.
3-7. window was buried dead.
3-8. sweetened milk in the pitcher prepared from fermented grapes.
3-9. ritual is for the makes the government secured.
3-10. growing economy broken by a flying ball.
uncover: 〜を発見する ritual: 儀式 buried dead: 埋葬された死者

ferment: 発酵させる
Page 7
Directions: Practice having a conversation with your tutor. （講師と会話を練習してみま

しょう）
Tutor: What happened?
Student: I found out that my <stained / broken / casketed> glass window was
broken so I fixed it.
Tutor: Why was your window broken?
Student: I don’t know for sure, maybe it was hit by a <flew / flown / flying> ball.
Tutor: You should clean up the mess here and then take a rest. You look
terrible.
Student: Really? Do I look <exhausting / exhausted / exhaust>?
Tutor: Yes, you look very exhausted.
Student: Fixing the window by an amateur like me is a <challenging / tiring /

boring> job.
Tutor: No doubt about that.
Student: After I fixed the window, I’ve found fixing <breaking / break / broken>
things is so interesting.
casket: 〜を宝石箱/棺に入れる
Page 8
Exercise 5 （エクササイズ 5）: (3-6 min)
Directions: Practice having a conversation with your tutor.（講師と会話を練習してみま

しょう）
Tutor: How was your day?
Student: Not so good. Unfortunately, the _________ computer made me miss my

deadline at work
Tutor: You can use my computer if you want.
Student: I would be happy to do that but the ____________ data is in my

computer.
Tutor: You should have saved it in a CD or a flash drive.
Student: I’ve already forgotten to do so. Working in my company is a

______________ job.
Tutor: I understand. Just tell me if you need to use my computer so that I

could lend it to you.
Student: Thank you very much! I am ____________ to hear that.
Page 9
Exercise 6（エクササイズ 6）: (5-10 min)
Directions: Practice and enjoy a free talk with your tutor.（フリートークを講師と練習・

エンジョイしてください）
Guide Questions from the tutor: （講師は次の質問で会話を始めます）
6-1. What do you know about newly developed iPhones?
6-2. What would happen if your iPhone fell down from a high place?
6-3. How can you fix a broken phone?
6-4. Where in Japan can you bring a broken gadget to have it fixed?
gadget: 機器
Page 10

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Intermediate Lesson Material （中級者用レッスンテキスト）

4th Lesson (レッスン第 4 回) (25-50 min)

Today’s Pattern (今日のパターン):

Participles as adjectives （分詞 ［形容詞的用法］）

Previous Lessons Review （これまでのレッスンの復習） ( 5-10 min)

Directions: Practice the sentence pattern of your previous lessons.（これまで勉強したパ

0-1. Gerund as Subject Complement

0-2. Gerund as an Object of the Preposition

0-3. Gerund as Possessive

0-4. Gerund as an Appositive

Student: My company‘s main focus, _____________________ toys, has been given

0-5. Gerund as a Noun Complement

Student: My job, _____________ the products, is very enjoyable.

Grammar Review （文法の復習） ( 5-10 min)

A participle is a verbal that is used as an adjective and usually ends in –ing or

A participle is a verb form which can be used as an adjective to

例文: It is a barking dog. ［名詞を前から修飾する現在分詞］

I have a watch made in Switzerland. ［名詞を後ろから修飾する過去分詞］

The puppy kept crying all the night. ［主語の補語となる現在分詞］

I heard my name called. ［目的語の補語となる過去分詞］

Exercise 1 （エクササイズ１） (2-4 min)

Directions: Repeat after your tutor.（講師に続けて言ってください）

1-1. It is a barking dog. （吠えている犬）

1-2. Most countries are importing goods made in USA.

1-3. He kept running towards us.

manufacture: 製造する excessively: 過剰に customs: 税関

Exercise 2 （エクササイズ 2） (3-6 min)

Directions: Complete the exercise below to make a sentence. （下の文章を完成させてく

2-3. The candidate objected to the __________ of the votes.

2-4. His artworks seem ____________.

2-5. Problems often become ___________.

candidate: 候補者 cheat: いかさまをする

Exercise 3 （エクササイズ 3） (3-6 min)

The cat _____

3-1. amused the smoked fish on the table.

3-2. ate the by the sound of the broken glass.

3-3. was surprised hidden passage.

3-4. was taken by a passing stranger.

3-5. uncovered a bored audience.

3-6. red wine is spilled on the floor.

3-7. window was buried dead.

3-8. sweetened milk in the pitcher prepared from fermented grapes.

3-9. ritual is for the makes the government secured.

3-10. growing economy broken by a flying ball.

uncover: 〜を発見する ritual: 儀式 buried dead: 埋葬された死者

Exercise 4 （エクササイズ 4） (3-6 min)

Directions: Practice having a conversation with your tutor. （講師と会話を練習してみま

Tutor: What happened?

Tutor: Why was your window broken?

Student: Really? Do I look <exhausting / exhausted / exhaust>?

Tutor: Yes, you look very exhausted.

Student: Fixing the window by an amateur like me is a <challenging / tiring /

Tutor: No doubt about that.

Exercise 5 （エクササイズ 5）: (3-6 min)

Directions: Practice having a conversation with your tutor.（講師と会話を練習してみま

Tutor: How was your day?

Student: Not so good. Unfortunately, the _________ computer made me miss my

Tutor: You can use my computer if you want.

Student: I would be happy to do that but the ____________ data is in my

Tutor: You should have saved it in a CD or a flash drive.

Student: I’ve already forgotten to do so. Working in my company is a

Tutor: I understand. Just tell me if you need to use my computer so that I

Student: Thank you very much! I am ____________ to hear that.

Participles as adjectives （分詞［形容詞的用法］）