ÂM VỊ HỌC

1.Phonetic is the study of human speech sounds and how

they are produced.-describes the sounds in a language
2.Phonology studies the ways in which speech sounds
form system and patterns in human language
Phonology is also concerned with how sound patterns are
affected by the combination of words
3.There is a big difference betweens way words are
spelled in english and how they are pronounced
4.IPA or The international phonetic alphabet (IPA) is
used all over the world ;it consists of a set of symbols in
which one symbol always represents one sound
5.The vocal tract is the speech of organ
Speech sounds are produced with the air from the lungs
,through the trachea (windpipe ) then the larynx ,and out
of the body through the mouth and sometimes through the
nose.The passage way through which air passes from the
larynx out into the air outside our bodies is called the
vocal tract.
The vocal tract can be devided into the nasal cavity which
is the air passage within and behind the nose ,and the oral
cavity which is the air passage within the mouth and the
throat
6.

7.The most obvious one is the tongue ,which is so

important in speaking .The tongue is amazingly mobile
and flexible :the tongue can move upwards and
downwards ,forwards and backwards
8.
9.voiced sounds vibration during the circulation of the
sound Eg:/b/, /d/,/g/
voiceless sounds no vibration during the circulation
10. Pure vowels
Vowel is the speech sound produced with relative little
obstruction of air stream in the vocal tract
The characteristics of vowels
1.voiced i.e produced with the vibration of the vocal cords
2.sonorant :louder than consonant
11.tongue height :open,mid-open, close,mid- close
tongue part: front, central , back
lip shape: rounded or spread ,neutral
long,short vowels
Short Tongue part Tongue Shape of lips
vowel(length) height
/i/ front close spread
/e/ front Mid unrounded
/æ/ front open Unrounded
/ʌ/ central mid neutral
/ɒ/ Near back open rounded
/ʊ/ Nearer to open Rounded
central
there is one other short vowel /ə/ this central vowel is
schwa .it is heard in the first syllable of the words about,
oppose, perhaps
Long Tongue part Tongue Shape of lips
vowel(length) height
/i:/ front close unrounded
/ɜ:/ central mid neutral
/ɑ:/ back open neutral
/ɔ:/ back mid rounded
/u:/ back mid Rounded
12. English vowels remain constant and do not glide from
one vowel to another pure vowels or monothongs
13.diphthongs are vowels which consist of a movement or
glide from one vowel to another
 There are two kind of diphthongs
 the centring diphthongs glide towards the central
vowel ə
 the closing diphthongs have the characteristic that
they all end with a glide towards a closer word.
In term of length diphthongs are like the long
vowels.the dipthong ia that the first part is much longer
and strong than the second part
DIPHTHONG

centring closing

ending in i ending in ʊ
ending in ə

iə eə ʊə ei ai ɔi əʊ aʊ