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Based on the research done by the researcher on the English and Indonesian
adverbs classification and formation that used two novels as subject, the gathered data
ANALYSIS
This analysis is employed to know how many types of adverbs used in this
novel (The Big Kill) by Mickey Spillane. The Classification by the function is
as follows:
a. Function:
This type of adverb modifies the verb to answer the question “how”.
b. Formation:
Based on the samples above, the analysis below will show of how the words
are created:
a. AFFIXATION PROCEESS
1. SEDUCTIVELY and STRICTLY are created from adjective
the part of speech; adjectives to adverb. The words that have the same
process are:
* According to the spelling rules to add –ly to adjectives, ending –ic must be
component:
a. CARE is noun
adjective.
adjective to adverb.
b. part is noun
This affixation makes a new form; apart. This process changes the
WELL. It is better (8/28). This process does not change the part of
speech.
component:
c. Position:
sentence/clause, example:
Example:
a. Function:
This type of adverb modifies the verb to answer the question “Where”.
b. Formation:
The words that used as adverbs of place and direction are formed by the
ways below:
Based on the samples above, the analysis will show of how the words are
formed:
component:
a. A is a derivational prefix
The other words that are formed by this way are ACROSS, AHEAD,
ASIDE.
a. A is a derivational prefix
to adverb.
component:
a. FOR is a preposition
a. Function:
b. Formation:
Based on the samples above, the researcher classifies the adverbs into 2 parts:
a. DEFINITE TIME:
The words that are used in the novel (The Big Kill) are:
(26/23) today
b. INDEFINITE TIME
- EVERY is an adjective.
NIGHT/DAY (noun).
The compounding of the two words makes new forms: tonight and today.
a.3.1 “IN THE MORNING” is created from IN + THE + MORNING with the
component:
c. MORNING is a noun
a.3.2. “ LAST WEEK” is created from LAST (adjective) + WEEK (noun). The
adjective to adverb.
c. Position:
sentence, example:
a. Function:
b. Formation:
That word that is found by the researcher is SURELY (28/25). This derived
c. Position;
a. Function
The term Adverbs of frequency is used for those adverbials that answer the
b. Formation:
(27/19) never
2. DERIVED ADVERBS:
2a. (7/21) USUALLY is created from USUAL +LY with the component:
component:
adjective to adverb.
component:
a noun.
The combination of the two components does not change the part of
c. Position
- Initial position:
- Mid position:
- End position:
I might find Lou Grindle on 57th street in a place called the Hop Scootch
where a room was available for some heavy sugar card games once a week.
a. Function:
Adverb of duration is used for those adverbials that answer the question
b. Formation:
1. For is a preposition.
c. Position:
This word (for a long time) is placed in the mid position. e. g:
He was on the level for a long time, then, just like that, he went bed.
a.Function:
b. Formation:
The stems indicate adverbs of degree are (7/5) enough (27/1) only
c.Position:
a. Function:
their own. The particles are used with verbs to form combinations with
b. Formation:
(7/1) down (7/12) back (8/45) off (12/46) up (7/7) over (8/1) out etc.
c. Position:
This adverb is placed in the mid position, example It was one of those
nights when the sky came down, and wrapped itself around the world.
B. INDONESIAN ADVERB
CLASSIFICATION ANALYSES
that are used in the novel “Sejuta Pintu Cintaku” by Motinggo Busye and how
a. Function:
b. Formation:
kualitatif:
formed:
a. M. Ramlan)
b. CEKATAN is an adjective
adverb.
noun to adverb.
way.
line19th.
c. Position:
Lewat lubang tembok batas teras aku lmelihat dia memetik bunga
anggrek seenaknya.
a. Function:
b. Formation:
The words that are used as keterangan tempat can be formed by combining
a preposition with noun or noun phrase. The table shows of the resultant
formation of them:
Based on the samples above, the analysis will show of how the words happened:
a.DI is a preposition
Indonesian
a.DI is a preposition
b. DALAM is adverb.
The combination of DI + DALAM makes a new preposition; di
dalam.
pronoun.
component:
a.DI is a preposition
c.From the description number 1-4, the resultant is: keterangan tempat can
Preposition + Noun, or
d. Position:
For example: (9/3) pastilah kau sering membaca Erna Hadi pranata di
surat-surat kabar.
example: (12/7)
namanya. Nagib.
a. Function:
This type of adverb modifies the verb to answer the question KAPAN
(when)
Based on the novel ”Sejuta Pintu Cintaku”, the simple of the words that are used
in it is follows:
Based on the samples above, the analysis below will show of how the words
happened:
any change.
adjective to adverb.
component:
b. MENIT is a noun.
menit).
c. KEMUDIAN is an adverb.
b. Position
1. The most usual position is in initial position. e. g.: Hanya
selama-lamanya?
a. Function:
b. Formation:
This kind of adverb uses special words to indicate it. So the table below
will show of the words that used only, in several kinds of adverb modalitas
some of them need affixation process, such as: RUPANYA= RUPA (stem) +
-NYA (afiks) that changes the part of speech; noun to adverb. The other is
Example (25/19).
a. Functon:
Kata keterangan aspek modifies the verb objectively based on the degrees
of the event.
b. Formation:
ketika (10/12)
4. MOMENTAL: tiba-tiba(9/2)
adjective to adverb.
c. Position:
a. Function:
done.
b. Formation:
Berkali-kali (47/7)
c. Position:
(11/11).
a. Function:
This type of adverb modifies the verb to answer the question “what is used
to do an activity”.
b. Formation:
The words that are used as keterangan instrumental is formed with the
pattern:
The words that are used in the novel “Sejuta Pintu Cintaku” are:
Mobilnya: noun
c. Position;
In this novel (Sejuta Pintu Cintaku) this adverb is always placed at the end
position.
Example: Jam 10 rumah kami sudah sepi, namun zain tidak langsung
a. Function:
b. Formation:
pattern:
c. Position:
The most usual position of this adverb in the novel “Sejuta Pintu Cintaku”
a. Function:
Keterangan Konsesif is a type of adverb that express an activity the
speaker tells.
b. Formation
(10/12) tapi.
(32/10) biarpun
(78/7) kendatipun
(138/7) namun.
c. Position:
namanya, nagib.
cinta padanya.
a. Function:
b. Formation:
This kind of adverb can be formed by using same conjunction as adverb.
(122/3) sebab
c. Position:
Keterangan sebab sebab is usually placed at the mid position, after object
“Gib!” aku berseru agak lantang dengan panggilan manja, karena mungkin
dia sudah duduk dibawah.
But sometimes it is placed in initial position, example: (78/7)
Sebab aku yakin sekali bahwa zain jatuh cinta padaku biarpun secara
a. Function:
anactivity.
b. Frmation:
There are two word used that used as keterangan konsekuentif in the
c. Position:
This type of adverb (keterangan akibat ) is placed at the mid position, after
Dan mungkin ketika aku duduk disitulah aku diteropongnya, sehingga dia
a. Function:
b. Formation:
adverbs. In the novel “Sejuta Pintu Cintaku” the researcher find two
words:
c. Position:
In the novel the researcher had read, this type of adverb is placed at the
Bahkan ada yang memelihara kumis supaya mirip dengan Bjorn Borg.
(12/24) Tadi ketika, papa mau menjenguk orang sakit, papa memberi uang
a. Function:
b. Formation:
There are some definite words that express this adverb (keterangan
perbandingan). In the novel “Sejuta Pintu Cintaku” there are two words
(15/21) seperti
(16/2) bagai
Both of them are stems,so there is not any change to use them as adverb.
c. Position:
The position or this adverb in the novel “Sejuta pintu Cintaku” is at the
a. Function:
b. Formation:
There is one base adverb that in use in the novel “Sejuta Pintu Cintaku:
c. Position:
In the novel “Sejuta pintu cintaku “ the word expressing this adverbs is
(9/10) yang kudengar hanya jerit Yanie, lawanku, lalu aku tak sadarkan
diri lagi
INDONESIAN ADVERB.
After doing the analysis, what is presented for the result or data analysis on
the similarities and differences? Some similarities and differences aspects are on
TABLE:…
Similarities on formation
3. 3. Keterangan Aspek
Adverbs of frequency (Frekuentative & Habituatif)
(13/15) always BASE ADVERBS
(27/19) never (22/23) kadang
(11/26) jarang,etc
4. Adverbs of Frequency 4.
STEM + DS Keterangan Aspek (Frekuentatif &
USUAL + ly; usually Habituatif)
COMBINATION STEM + DS
ADVERB-NOUN Biasa + nya
Once a week COMBINATION
ADVERB-NOUN
Kadang kala
5. Advebs expressing degrees of
certainty 5.
Stem + ds Keterangan Modalitas (kepastian
Sure + ly; surely dan Kesangsian)
STEM + DS
rupa + nya; rupanya
6. Adverbs of degree rasa + nya; rasanya
BASE ADVERBS
Enough 6.
Only Kata Keterangan Derajat
Very Base Adverbs
Etc. Hampir
Hanya
Amat
Etc.
ENGLISH INDONESIAN
1. Adverbs of Time 1 –
(indefinite time)
2. – 2. Keterangan
- modalitas:
- - Pengakuan
- - Larangan
- - Kondisional
- Keheranan.
3. Adverbs of Duration
3. –
4. Adv
erbs of particle 4. –
4. – 4. Kata
- Keterangan Aspek:
- - Inkoatif
- - Duratif
- - Perfektif
- - Momental
- Kondisional
5.
5. Kata Keterangan
– Instrumental
6. – 6. Kata Keterangan
Komitatif
7. –
7. Kata Keterangan
8. – Konsesif
9. – 8. Kata Keterangan
Kausal
Komperative
ENGLISH INDONESIAN
I. ADVERBS OF MANNER I. KETERANGAN
KUALITATIF
1. AFFIKS + STEEM 1. AFIKS + STEM
- Se-nya + enak; seenaknya
2. ADJECTIVE + DS 2. ADJECTIVE + DS
Slow + ly; slowly -
Purpose + ly; purposely -
etc
3. NOUN + D. SUFFIXES 3. NOUN + D. SUFFIXES
Care + ful + ly; carefully -
Help + less + ly; helplessly -
Protecti + ve + ly; protectively -
4. DP + NOUN 4. DP + NOUN
A + part; apart -
5. IRREGULAR PROCESS 5. IRREGULAR PROCESS
good; well -
6. COMPARISON OF ADVERB 6. COMPARISON OF
Well; better ADVERB
-
7. PREPOSISI + ADJECTIVE 7. PREPOSISI + ADJECTIVE
- dengan + cekatan; dengan
- cetakan
dengan + fasih; dengan fasih
- Terkikih-terkikih
II. ADVERBS OF PLACE & II. KATA KETERANGAN
DIRECTION TEMPAT
1. AFFIXATION PROCESS 1. AFFIXATION PROCESS
1. DP + STEM 1 DP + STEM
- Tiba-tiba
VI ADVERBS OF DURATION VI -
PREPOSITION + NOUN PH.
down
back
off, etc.
VIII - VIII KATA KETERANGAN
ALAT DENGAN + NOUN
PHRASE
tapi
namun
etc.
karena
sebab
etc.
XII. - XII. KATA KETERANGAN
KONSEKUETIF
CONJUNCTION/KATA
TUGAS
sehingga
sampai,etc.
XIII - XIII KATA KETERANGAN
FINAL
CONJUNCTION/KATA
TUGAS
untuk
Supaya,
etc.
XIV - XIV KATA KETERANGAN
KOMPARATIF
. . KONJUNCTION /KATA
TUGAS:
seperti
sebagai
XV. - XVI KATA KETERANGAN
PERWATASAN
CONJUNCTION//KATA
TUGAS:
hanya
kecuali
ENGLISH INDONESIAN
1 Adverbs of Manner 1. Kata Keterangan Kualitatif
Mid position -
- Beginning/initial position
2 Adverbs of Place 2 Kata Keterangan Tempat
Mid position -
- Beginning/initial position
3 - 3 Kata Keterangan Modalitas
- Initial position
Adverbs of Degree 4. Kata keterangan derajad
- Initial position
5. Adverbs of Duration 5. -
Mid position -
6. - 6. Kata Keterangan
Instrumental
End/final position
7. - 7. Kata Keterangan Komitatif
End position
8. - 8. Kata Keterangan Konsensif
Initial position
Mid position
9. - 9. Kata Keterangan Kausal
Mid position
Initial position
10. - 10. Kata Keterangan
Konsekuetif
Mid position