INEQUALITIES

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 LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of the lesson, students will be
able to
(c)Relate the properties of inequalities.
(d)Define and solve linear inequalities.
(e)Define quadratic inequalities and solve
them using graphical method.

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For my mother’s birthday, I would like to
buy a chocolate cake and a cheese
cake. The price of the chocolate cake is
less than half of the price of the cheese
cake. How can we present this problem
mathematically?

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Let
x be the price of cheese cake
y be the price of a chocolate cake

Then y < ½ x
y–½x<0

This is known as linear inequality

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 INEQUALITIES PROPERTIES

1. If a < b and b < c then a < c

Example: 3 < 5 and 5 < 7, then 3 < 7

2. If a < b and c is any number,

then a + c < b + c
Example: 2 < 4 and c = - 3 , then
2 + (- 3) < 4 + ( - 3)
-1<1
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3.If a < b and c is any number,
then a – c < b – c
Example: - 3 < - 1 and c = 2, then
-3–2<-1–2
-5<-3

4.If a > 0 and b > 0 , then a + b > 0

Example : 5 > 0 and 6 > 0 , then
5 + 6 = 11 > 0
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5.If a > 0 and b > 0 , then ab > 0
Example : 3 > 0 and 2 > 0 , then
3.2 = 6 > 0

6.If a < b , then b – a > 0

Example : - 3 < - 2 , then
– 2 – ( - 3) = 1 > 0

7.If a > b , then – a < - b

Example : 7 > 5 , then – 7 < - 5

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8. If a < b , then – a > - b
Example : - 2 < 1 , then
-( - 2) = 2 > - 1

9. If a < b , and c > 0 , then ac < bc

Example : - 4 < - 3 and 5 > 0 , then
-4(5)<-3(5)
- 20 < - 15

10. If a < b, and c < 0 , then ac > bc

Example : - 4 < - 3 and – 2 < 0 , then
- 4 ( - 2) > - 3 ( - 2 )
8>6
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 Linear Inequalities
Linear inequalities can be written as:
• ax + b > 0

• ax + b ≥ 0

• ax + b < 0

• ax + b ≤ 0
with a and b are real numbers and a ≠ 0
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 Example
1. Solve the following inequalities:
a) 2x – 4 > 8 b) 4x - 5 < 2x + 9

b) 3x + 5 ≥ x – 7 d) -7 < 2 – 3x < 8

e) -4 ≤ 2 - 3x ≤ 11 f) 6 < 4-x ≤ 12

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 Quadratic Inequalities
Quadratic inequalities can be written as :
• ax2 + bx + c > 0

• ax2 + bx + c ≥ 0

• ax2 + bx + c < 0

• ax2 + bx + c ≤ 0
with a , b and c are real numbers and a ≠ 0.
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 Example
With using graphical method and analytical
method, find the set of values for the following
inequalities.

a) x2 + 6x + 5 > 0

b) 6 – 7x – 3x2 < 0

c) 3x(x-5) ≤ 2(2x-3)

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 EXERCISE
1. Solve the following linear inequalities

a) 6x – 5 > x + 20

7  3x
b) 2   10
4

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2. Solve the following quadratic inequalities by using
graphical method

a) x2 + 2x -15 < 0

b) 4 + 3x – x2 ≤ 0

c) 2x2 + x -10 ≥ 0

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Quadratic Inequalities

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LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of the lesson, students will be
able to
(c)Solve the quadratic by using analytical
method
• Basic definition
• Real number line
• Table of sign
(b) Understand and solve rational
inequalities involving linear and
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quadratic equations.
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 Analytical method

1. ab > 0
if and only if a > 0 and b > 0 or a < 0 and
b<0

2. ab < 0
if and only if a > 0 and b < 0 or a < 0 and
b>0
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 Example
1. Solve the following quadratic
inequalities by using analytical method

a) x2 – 2x – 15 ≥ 0

b) (2x-1)(x+3) < 4x

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 Ratio Inequalities
Ratio inequalities are inequalities that can be written
as:

2
3x + 1 , x − 2x + 1 ,
≥2 ≤0
x −5 x+3
2 1
>
2x + 3 x −1
•IMPORTANT:
cross product operation must be avoided
P
The right side is 0 and the left side is of the form
Q
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 Example
Find the solution set of the following inequalities:

x−2 3x + 1
a) ≤0 b) ≤1
x+4 x+4

3 2 15
c) ≤ d) > 3x −2
x− 3 x+ 2 x −2

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 EXERCISE

1. Solve 2x2 + 3x ≤ 5 using Basic Definition

2. Solve –x2 < -x -2 using Real Number Line

3. Solve -2x2 + 7x < 3 using Table of Signs

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4.Find the solution set of the following
inequalities:

2x 1 3 2
a) 1 c) 
x 1 x 3 x  2

b) x
3
x2

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