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Review of Architecture and Construction Details· Timber Construction· Vol. 2012 2 ·

DETAIL Discussion
Review of Architecture 116 Edjtgrjal
Vol. 2, 2012 ·Timber Construction Christian Schittich

Editorial offtee : 118 prjmitiveHtJtoftheFtlflJre?Bjoo

jcResea rchpayj joo
l jn Wood
Frank Kaltenbach
Tel.: +49 (0} 8 9 38 1 6 20·57

en Sculpture
Christian Schittlch (edltor-in-chleD The
120 "Timber Wave• Construct
ion ofth eTempora
ryWoo
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Sabine Dray, Andreas Gabriel,
Andrew Lawrence
Frank Kaltenbach, J\Jiia Liese,
Thomas Madlener, Edith Waner,
Heide Wessely;
Christa Schicker (freelance assistant) Reports
Michaela Linder. Peter Popp
Marion Griese. Emese M. Kilszegi, 124 Edt
tca
tj onalPayj
ljonatIjoco!
oParkZooCbjcagg
Nicola Kollmann. Simon Kramer (drawings}
126 Bool<s Exhjbjtjons
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Katja Reich, Hildegard Wanger,
Tim Westphal. Jo·Anne Wright
Documentation
Kathrin Enke 128 HotJsejnIondoo
(pp. 124-125}; Hugh Strange Archi1ects, London
Elise Feiersinger
(pp. 1'18-122, 128-182} 132 Boathpusenear Aure
Marc Selway
Tyin tegnestue Architects, Trondheim
{pp. 184 -2'19}
(English translations)
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Editorial

The current debate concerning the environment raises the bar for
architects with respect to resourceful construction; correspondingly,
in view of wood's favourable influence on a building's life-cycle as­
sessment, this material is increasingly in demand. Wood is forging
ahead into areas that were to date beyond reach, be it the urban
context or large-scale, multi-storey apartment buildings. The wide
range of potential uses- which has customarily extended from
s truc tural member to the building envelope and fitting out - is con­
tinually being added to. The many experimental and, in most cases,
digitally developed and fabricated wood pavilions recently buih - in
many instances on university campuses as part of the coursework-
testify to this trend. In many instances these structures, which are by
and large free of function, call attention to the material's fascinating
potential. This is true of a curved shell structure modelled on the sea
urchin; it was developed by architecture students in Stuttgart and
made of ultra-thin plywood sheets (see page 1 1 8). The temporary
installation that embellished the entrance to the Victoria & Albert Mu­
seum in London for a few weeks last fall is also experimental in char­
acter (see page120l; th e undulating eye-catcher commissioned for
the London Design Festival is the result of an elaborate develop­
ment and fabrication process that, among other things, showcases
the possibilities of hardwoods. The projects in the main section of
this issue demonstrate the spectrum of possibilities: these include a
bathhouse on a lake, a privately initiated residential complex em­
p loying a combination of load-bearing materials, a simple yet thor­
oughly detailed production hall, and a high-minded education facili­
ty. Our Techno log y section addresses, among other topics, the vari­
ety of coatings available to preserv e wood used outdoors.
Throughout history, wood- one of mankind's most ancient building
materials - has time and again been the basis for exquisite build·
ings and structures. It has seldom been as relevant as it is right
now. Christian Schittich
118
Primitive Hut of the Future?
Bionic Research Pavilion in Wood
Frank Kaltenbach
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In the eighteenth century, Jean-Jacques
Rousseau's rallying cry was "Retour a Ia na­
ture!" His quest for an ideal "natural state"­
as rejection of the aristocratic excesses of
the Rococo - led him not only t o romanticise
the "noble savage", but also to imagine the
origins of architecture in man's first house­
a structure completely surrounded by nature
and made exclusively of unprocessed natu­
ral materials. In his "Essai sur l'architecture",
Marc Antoine Laugier- a contemporary of
Rousseau-inclu ded an image that to this
very day most famously illustrates the "primi­
tive hut': a pitched roof with a gable of twigs
and branches supported by the trunks of
four trees. It appears that the true primitive
hut has now been discovered: in the Ger­
man town Bilzingsleben, archaeologists
have identified an encampment-with holes
for pilings for three circular structures con­
structed of wood poles- that dates back
400000 years; each structure has a diame­
ter of 3 to 4 metres. Was mankind's first tim­
ber construction a circular building made of
curved poles? This would come as a sur­
prise in light of the timber industry's efforts
to underscore the linear characteristics of
tree trunks through standardisation of di·
mensional lumber, as well as its develop­
ment of glue-laminated trusses to improve
dimensional stability and spans. Through
the shift from frame construction using rod·
2012 0 2 DETAil
••
.J"�
40
shaped wooden members to panel con­
struction, it seems as if wood is predestined
for use in orthogonal, modular architecture.
Despite the newest developments in tech­
nology, the cross-sections of rod-shaped
wood members are usually larger than their
steel counterparts. In addition, high-perfor­
mance wood connections typically require
steel components; in such cases, the steel
makes up a significant portion of the overall
structure and plays a decisive role in the ap­
pearance. Has wood's potential been max­
imised, or could the "primitive hut of the fu­
ture" perhaps adhere to a completely differ­
ent logic than the type of efficiency currently
propagated by the timber industry?
DETAil 2012 0 2
Back to nature? Biology meets technics
During the 2011 spring semester, students
at the lCD and ITKE at the University of
Stuttgart sought answers to this question in
the design of a temporary pavilion. But ,
they chose "learning from nature" - instead
of "back to nature"- a s their motto. In a first
phase, biological structures were analysed
with the aid of the most advanced computer
programs, including computer-generated
design and robotic manufacturing. This
technology facilitated the realisation of a
lightweight structure made of 6.5 mm thick
sheets of plywood (see also DETAIL Ger­
man Edition 10/2010, p. 994, ICD/ITKE Re­
search Pavilion).
The sea urchin's exoskeleton as model
But where are the structural principles that
could be translated into efficient lightweight
wood structures and would give the design­
er considerable leeway to articulate space?
The architecture students identified structur­
al principles in the sand dollar- a subspe­
cies of the sea urchin -that can be applied
to lightweight wood construction. The shell
of the sand dollar has a modular structure
consisting of polygonal sheets whose edges
have finger-like projections that interlock
and connect them. The sand dollar is a
high-performance structure thanks to this
particular geometric configuration and the
manner in which the sheets are joined. At its
two poles it has circular openings: these
are, respectively, its mouth and anus. To­
ward these edges the modules become
more compact and smaller in size.
Morphology transfer
The students transferred the morphology of
its "panel frame" to the design for the pavil­
ion. The three sheets (or panels) intersect a t
a point. This creates bending resistance, al­
though the seams can transfer normal forc­
es and shearing forces, but not bending
moments. Because the pavilion is so light, it
must be secured to the ground to prevent it
from being lifted up by the wind. Three fun­
damental characteristics of biological struc­
tures were transferred to the wood structure:
heterogeneity, anisotropy, and hierarchy: in
other words, the cells' orientation and size
adapt to the mechanical loads and the
curves in the shell. The cells at the centre
measure about two metres across, and at
the edges, they are at least 50 em. The pa­
vilion has a hierarchical arrangement. In the
first level, the plates are joined as cells by
applying adhesives- which remain mallea­
ble-to the finger joints. In the second level,
a bolted connection- with low bending ri­
gidity-of the cells is sufficient; this makes it
possible to reassemble the pavilion a num­
ber of times. In contrast to classical light­
weight construction types, this new structur­
al principle is applicable to any structural
geometry.
Architecture students as programmers
A 3D computer model was a prerequisite for
the design: optimisation continues- the pa­
rameters remain constant- until the desired
form is achieved. However, this form-finding
was undertaken not only from the architec­
tural standpoint, but also with respect to
structural behaviour and material character­
istics. Mock-ups were employed to test the
structural behaviour of the glued finger joints
and the bolted connections. Moreover, the
results were taken into consideration in the
structural calculations. By optimising the da·
ta exchange it was possible to enter the
complex geometrical configuration into the
finite-element program, analyse it mechani­
cally, and modify it. But how is it possible to
economically produce the more than 850 dif­
ferent building components, each with a
unique geometric form, not to mention the
100000 fingers, each at a specific point in
space? In an uninterrupted digital chain, in
keeping with DIN 66025, the CNC code that
will guide the robot is generated from the
computer model so that the fabrication of the
panels can be automated. But not even a
6-axis robot was capable of milling the com­
plex components. In order to attain the nec­
essary seventh axis of movement in the mill­
ing equipment, each workpiece was set up­
on a disc that revolves horizontally; the disc
worked in tandem with the robot.
Discu ssi on 119
The mounting was then done by hand: stu­
dents clicked the modules in place and ap­
plied adhesives. After the cells were primed
and glazed, they were bolted together. T o
make the bolts o f the cells accessible for as­
sembly, openings were cut out of the ply·
wood boards on the inner plate. At night the
pattern of dark and light fields becomes in­
verted: LED lamps within the cells brightly il­
luminate the openings and transform the pa­
vilion into an ideal party venue.
Much more than "form follows nature•
The innovation lies not in transferring formal
characteristics from nature to architecture,
but in the thoughtful implementation of
structural tenets. As illustrated by the term
"style rocaille", taking ocean life as inspira­
tion for formal vocabulary would be nothing
new: the nineteenth-century term rococo-
which was originally a term of denigration-
has its origins in the French word ·coquille",
which means clam. With its free-form sur­
face and exhilarating spaces, the research
pavilion, in contrast, made it possible to
study bionic structures made up of seg­
ments- a basic principle than can be var­
ied and expanded upon.
The envelope enclosing the main space is made of
d ouble- shell elements; they are bolted together
through the opening s In the inner shell. The distance
between the outer and inn er surfaces of t hi s double
shell varies: this creates a second space between the
inner and outer shells. In this atea. the module's bolts
are easily accessible, no mounting openings are nee·
essary in the plywood Sheets.
On the basis ofa oomputer-generated geometric
model, �was also p ossi bleto generate the NC code
by comput er; without the code it would not havebeen
possible to economically fabricate the more than 850
building components- eachwfth its own shape- nor
the more than 100000 dovetails.
Universi1y of Stuttgart. Facutty of Arc hitec tu re
and Urban Planning;
lCD: Institute for Computational Desi gn.
Prof. AchimMenges;
ITKE: Institute o f BuildingStructures and
Structural Design. Prof. Jan Knippers
Competence Network Biomimetics
Baden-Wurttemberg.
Others involved i n the project: see p
ageno
 10
2 2012 0 2 DETAil
uTimber Wave"- The Construction of
the Temporary Wooden Sculpture
Andrew Lawrence
Architects:
Al..A (Amanda Levete Architects), london
Ho·Yin Ng, Frederick Pittman, YocrJin Kim
Structural engin eers:
ANp, London:
no
Alice Blair, Ed Clark. Lee Franck. Andrew Lawrence
Others involved in the project: see p
age
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The annual London Design Festival creates
a platfonn for designers to explore materials
in new ways. For the 2011 festival, the
American Hardwood Export Council {AHEC)
asked Amanda Levete Architects {AL_A) to
desi gn a temporary installation at the en­
trance to the Victoria and Albert Museum
{V&A}. The idea was to use American red
oak to create a giant piece of furniture that
would extend the museum into the public
realm.
The story of the project goes back to 1998,
when Michael Hopkins decided to use
American white oak for the courtyard roo f of
Portcullis House. White oak had seldom
been employed structurally in Europe, and
8 in wood is that it is possible to work out the E
Arup, the project engineer, decided to un­
dertake a program of full-scale testing. This
showed that white oak was more than twice
as strong as the softwoods nonnally used in
construction and enabled Arup to use
beams with a depth on only 200 mm for th e
20m span. The impressive strength of whi te
oak inspired AHEC to test the structural po­
tential of thr ee more species - tulipwood,
American ash and American red oak: de­
spite being about 20o/o less dense than
white oak, American red oak was shown to
be strongest.
A 12 m h igh installation would be necessary
to match the scale of the museum entrance,
but AL_A was keen to use members which
were no bigger than furniture legs. Arup
suggested a simple trussed arch as an effi­
cient structural form, combined with the
strength of red oak to keep the structure as
lightweight as possible. However, the archi­
tect's idea to wrap the arch into a large cir­
cular wave- composed of smaller wave­
shaped components- became the def ining
feature of the project.
Curving the elements created significant en­
gineering challenges. All members of a
truss are either in compression or tension;
curve the members and those in tension will
tend to straighten, while those in compres­
sion will tend to fold up. The more curved
they are, the larger they need to be to pre-
DETAil 2012 0 2 D iscu ssi o n 121
D
vent straightening or folding. With the help size of the raw material by examining the fin­ maximum 80mm width of the braces.
of Grasshopper software, the architect and ished members. There are 325 unique connector plates join­
engineer were able to rapidly explore the ef­ The entire work was fabricated from sawn, ing the braces and the chords. Each was la­
fect of varying both member size and de­ kiln-dried boards about 200 mm wide and ser-cut, folded and MIG-welded as required.
gree of waviness on the overall appearance 25 mm thick. After planing, the boards Clevis connectors joined the ends of suc­
and behaviour of the structure. In the end it measure about 20mm, and thus the braces cessiv e chord sections forming a pin joint.
was decided to keep a constant 150mm ar e 60 mm thick, being cut from three This connection was important in allowing
·waviness' and to vary the size of the mem­ 20 mm boards laminated together. Slicing each bay to step out of plane from its nei gh­
bers (from 60x 60to 140x 80 mm) to re­ the boards into three yields the 6 mm bour providing the piece's overall spiral ef­
spond to the level of applied force. Conse­ laminates used for the chords, and it was fect. Other metalwork items included 460
quently, visitors could discern which mem­ this in turn which detennined the maximum unique pa irs of brace plates and 170tie
bers were working harder. The elements curvature to which the chords could be plates, plus various screws, rods and pins.
close to ground level are obviously working bent (typically wood can be bent to about Stainless steel was chosen f or the metal­
hardest, particularly the outer chords, which 200times its thickness before it snaps). work connections to avoid the black-staining
must resist prevailing winds. The design Finally , sawing the 200 mm faces in that occurs when acidic oak and mild steel
team explored different ways to fom1 the two pieces more or less determines the come in contact in wet conditions. The
wood into curved shapes. Steam-bending
was ruled out because, at 8% moistu re con­
tent, the kiln-dried lumber was too dry . In­
stead, the chords were laminated in a press ,
but to achieve the 1m radius of curvature,
the thickness of the laminates had to be re­
duced to about 6mm, compared with the 30
to 40 mm typically used for g lue-laminated
arches. The advantage of laminating is that
wood's strong fibres follow the line of the
m ember. Each chord was prefabricated in
seven lengths; steel rods bonded into the
end of each piece enabled them to be
joined together on site, with a slight twist to
accommodate the geometry as they spiral
outwards from the museum. Rods were also
bonded into the sides of the most highly
stressed elements to prevent shearing.
Unlike the laminated chords, the diagonal
braces were CNG-machined from flat
boards so that each of th e 500braces is tai­
lored to respond to the varying geometry.
However, the strong straight grain of the red
oak ran out of the curved ends of the brac­
es. In effect, the ends would simply snap off
under load. To overcome this, steel plates
were flitched into the strong straight grain
towards the middle of the members. The
plate had to be large enough to cover the
weak point; it acts as a reinforcing patch
across the entire curved zone of each
brace. Each splice w as through-f ixed to its
brace. One of the characteristics of working
 122 "Timber Wave·- The Construction of the Temporary Wooden Sculpture 2012 0 2 DETAil

A Timber Wave from the side

8 Tmber Wave from the front
C Assembly ofthe seven prefabricated elemerts
0 Oevetoprrent ol the desigr
E Clos<Hlp or connectJng elements
F Early rrodel sla'ting to explae the elfect
ol cunmg the elerrents
G Chord elemen<s priorto assembly
H Strucrural sketches Ed Clark/Arup

Andrew Lawrence is an Associ ate Directorwith Arup

on lor'don. He is the form's leading timber SPeCialist
a nd a member ot lhe UK Tmbe< Design Code Com­
monee. He has worked on many or Af\Jp's recent tom­
ber pro,ects tncluding the Metz Pompidou and the
F Alvaro S1za Serpent111e Pavilion.

structure was not permit1ed to be fitted to a
foundation and is thus completely self-sup·
porting. The wood is bolted to a 20 mm thick
base plate, and thirteen separate one-ton
weights are used to restrain the pl ate under
strong winds. During assembly there was
very little tolerance as a whole. To have pro·
vided more in the components might have
caused an accumulation of errors thai could
not have been resolved when it came to the
assembly of the bays at site.
To f acilti ate assembly, a simple technique
known at least since medieval times was
used. Every node i n the assembly was given
a reference number between 0 and 258.
Each timber component that termonated at a
node was stamped with the relevant numb er
at the respective end. In this way the loca­
tion and the orientation of any given mem·
ber could be ascertained during assembly.
On site, unsupported bays of the arch had
to be held In pl ac e with scaffold whilst lock­
ing bays were brought in by crane. Connec­
tions had to meet in space with almost no
tolerance -a challenge in high winds on a
busy street.
The fabrication was undertaken by Cowtey
Timberw()(k. The structure was prefabricat·
ed in seven pieces. A high level of craft was
achieved in the W()(kshop. Each ch()(d was
bui� up from 6.4 mm t h ck laminates that
i have been helpful to connect the s even
were band-sawn and adhesive-bonded into
the required form. The chords for each bay
were produced in half their finished length -
()(a third In the case of the bottom bay.
A total of 165 chord pieces were created us­
ing 27 differently periorming pressing jigs.
Chord pieces were then finger-joined to cre­
ate 77 u ni que chord lengths. It was original­
ly planned to use loose-hinged or friction­
grip bolted connections for tolerance. In
practice, It was only by using accurately
machined members and close tolerance
connections that the fabricator was able to
set out the piece to the correct geometry.
Admitted ly, some additio nal tolerance would
large pieces together on site.

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124
Educational Pavilion at Lincoln Park
Zoo, Chicago
Archttects:
Studio Gang Architects. Chicago
Structural Engineers:
Magnusson Klemencic Associates, Seattle
With the Nature Boardwalk at Lincoln Park
Zoo, Studio Gang Architects have created a
natural ecosystem in urban surroundings. A
new boardwalkpasses through a series of ed­
ucationalzones in which the various animals,
plants and habitats are explained. A barrel­
shaped pavilion provides shelter for open-air
classes. The architects envisioned this as a
timber structure resembling a finely crafted
piece offurniture. Prefabricated laminated­
wood members form a series of interconnect­
ed arches covered by fibreglass dom es that
lend the surface an overall curvature and cre­
ate a translucent roof. Here, engineer Left
Johnson describes the structural design.
The constantly curving geometry of the pa­
vilion required the development, testing and
fabrication of a new type of glued laminated
structural member. Each structural piece
needed to bend about three axes: the first to
create the barrel curvature, another to cre­
ate the tight in-and-out bends along the bar­
rel's length, and a twist about the third at the
joints so the pieces fit cleanly together.
The pavilion is 40 feet (1 2.2 metres) long
and has a radius of 1 6 feet (4.9 metres).
Each structural member has an overall
cross section of 3 by 1 5 inches (7 .6 x
4.6 em), and is composed of Douglas fir/
larch laminations of 1/4 inch (6.3 mm) in one
direction and 3/4-inch (19 mm) in the other.
These small laminations in each direction
were necessary to fabricate the curves
specified by Studio Gang Architects. The ar­
chitects also wanted the width of the joints
to match the width of the wood members, so
every piece had to be cut narrower at the
joints. With sections composed of lamina­
tions in each dimension, published design
values for glued laminated sections could
not be used, so the American Plywood As­
sociation (APA) in Tacoma, Washington,
performed bending, shear and stiffness
tests, and the resulting values were utilized.
Working in collaboration, Studio Gang
Architects and engineers at Magnusson
Klemencic Associates economized on the
fabrication process by dividing the pavilion
sections into only two shape categories:
haft-curves for the bases and full curves for
the remainder of the pavilion. At nearly eve­
ry joint, a full-curve section connects to the
ends of two half-sections.
This repetitive layout provided the best
structural continuity and allowed the pavil­
ion's contractors, Fox River Components,
RLD Company and Shelton Lam and Deck,
to streamline the fabrication process, as it
required only one custom-made steel form-
2012 0 2 DETAil DETAil 2012 0 2 Reports 125
II
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11
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1
1
ing jig. Preformed lamination sheets were
bent and clamped to this jig during the glu­
ing process to perfectly recreate the three­
dimensional curved shape. The forming jig
also facilitated the slight twist at the ends of
the sections, a difficult task for other fabrica­
tion methods, and satisfied the requirement
for continuous (uncut) laminations along the
length of the sections.
The architects' initial design depicted a pa­
vilion comprised of seven *bays". However,
a seven-bay configuration produced torsion­
al stresses that were too high for a 3-by-15-
inch section aspect ratio, and the fibreglass
domes could not be used as structural
sheathing to counteract the torsion. Mag­
nusson Klemencic Associates suggested in­
creasing the number of bays while keeping
the same overall length, satisfying the desire
for a curved pavilion that pushes the limits
of wood strength, yet obviating the need for
increased member sizes or bulkier connec­
tions. More bays provide more sections to
resist the same overall load; also, they allow
the curvature for the tight bends to be less­
ened, thereby reducing torsional stresses.
The additional bays also create a greater
number of complete arches. In a seven-bay
layout, only two full arches resist the entire
axial load of the pavilion. With more bays,
more full arches share the load, thereby low­
ering the maximum axial load on any one
section. A 1 2-bay design was ultimately se­
lected as the optimum configuration.
The arch elements are joined using hidden
"spike" plates sandwiched between wood
pieces. The central steel plate uses an array
of quarter-inch-diameter pins on both sides
to resist axial and shear forces and strong­
axis moments. Twelve quarter-inch-diameter
through-bolts tie the sides of the wood to the
steel plate, allowing the plate to resist tor­
sion and weak-axis moments.
The project pushes the limits of wood de­
sign, fabrication and construction, and
serves as a model for the benefits of close
collaboration between architect, engineer
and fabricator. L. Leif Johnson/MKA
This structural description was previousty published
in Wood Design and Building.
126 Books, Exhobobons
Bui l d in g w i th Ti m be r:
Paths i n to t he Fu tu re
Hermann Kaufmann, Winfried Nerdonger
(eds.), Prestel, Mu nic h2011, hardcover,
224 pp., ISBN 978-3-7913-5181-<l, £35;
USS49.95; €39.95
Timber, a product of solar energy and car­
bon dioxide, is a sustaonable resource and
climate-friendly construction material, a uni­
versally applicable he at-i nsul atin g material
and a highly resilient natural product. In this
book, released to mark the occasion of the
exhibition and symposium of the same
name at the Pinakothek der Mode me In Mu­
nich, experts examine the ecologic a l impor ­ cMects combine t o form an extensive and
tance and tech nologic a l potential of timber
as well as new possibilities for architectural
construc tion and design. Fifty International
examples illustrate digital man ufactur ing
methods and the variety of moder n timber
constructions, from low-energ y houses and
wide-sp an structures to h igh- ri ses.
Detail in Con tempo ra ry Ti mber
A rch i tec tu re
Virginia Mcleod, Laurence King Publishing,
London2010, hard cover Wlth CD· ROM,
224 pp., ISBN 978-1-85669-641-8, £32;
US$50; €41.99
This volume analyses the tec hnical and the
aesthetic importance of detailing in modern
timber architecture, and features 50 rece ntly
completed and influential timber designs.
Wood Architecture Now l
Philip Jododio, Taschen, Cologne2011, pa­
pe rback,416 pp., ISBN 978-3-8365-2329-5,
£24.99; US$39.99; €29.99
Small WoodCabins
Carles Broto, UnksBooks, Barcelona, 2012 ,
hardcover, 240 pp., ISBN 978-84·15123-
59-0, £35; US$47
Living i n the Endless City:
The UrbanAge Project by the London
School of Economics and Deutsche
Bank's Alfred Herrhausen Society
Ricky Burdett, Dayan Sudjic (eds.), London,
Phaidon Press 2011,512 pp., ISBN 978-0-
71486-118-0, £39.95; $69.95; €45.95
About3.5 billion people worldwide live In ur­
ban population centres, and one in three
city-dwellers lives in a slum. Especially in
rapidly developing nations, pop ula tion
gr<:mth rates point to an urban future whose
numbers may be comprehended, but whose
actual living environment defies imagination.
What conditions can we expect 40 years
from now, when some 75 per cent of the
world's p opulation will l ive in cities? What
are the urban and social potentials, the risks
and the horrors of these living spaces?
For several years now, the Urban Age Pro­
ject of the London School of Econom ics and
the Alfred Herrhausen Society has been
studying th e social and spatial dynamics ol
the development of megacities.
This companion volume to The Endless Clly,
edited by Ricky Burdett and Deyan Sudjic,
presents a distillation of five years of joint ef ­
fort by the international research collabora­
tion and focuses on the cities of Mumbai,
Istanbul and sao Paul o. Contributions from
sociologists, politi ci ans, engineers and ar­
mult i-laye red compendium that studies polit·
ical relat i onship s and economic mecha·
nisms, looks into the growth of poverty, and
in v estigat es the mob ility and economic
structures of the respective population cen­
tres. Statistics and diagrams form a kind of
matrix that underlies all the observations, fa·
cililating comparisons between cities and
en riching the insights an d perspectives pre­
sented in the essays.
Mumbai was originally founded as a colonial
trade port at the crossing of strateg ically
signifi ca nt railway lines. Today, haH of the
city's inhabitants walk or cycle to work. The
high population density and poverty rate
keep the city's energy consumption law, but
in many respects presage collapse. The ef­
forts by the Indian government to improve
infrastructure, individually enumerated in the
book, have not succeeded in bringing the
situation under control. In their observations
on Mumbai, Rahu l Mehrotra and Charles
Correa delineate a tragedy that has so far
eluded any atte m pts at a development strat­
egy. With some 20 million people living in its
metropolitan area, 40 per cent of them un­
der20, Mu mbai remains the fastest-growing
population centre in the world, yet its crime
rate is just one seventh that of sao Paulo.
If one were to take the negatively construed
statistical values for several cities and su­
peri mpose them, one would create a virtual
Gomorrah. concludes Justin McGuirk in his
report "Understanding the Num ber s". The
focus applied in each case, howe ver, is
what makes the difference. For example,
Mumbal, a city of extremes, could just as
easily be viewed as an exemplary green
city. Despite the fact that its growth rate is
the hig hes t of all megacities, the Indian me­
tropolis has the lowest emissions, the lowest
energy and water consumption, a nd even
the fewest cars of them all. Statisti cal data
on issues like poverty and energy use are
interrelated. Understanding and interpreting
them requires a discourse about the status
QUO and development of cities as li vi ng o r­
ganisms, a discourse for which Uving in the
EndJess Cityprovides solid foundations.
Sandra Hofmeister
2012 0 2 DETAil
Foreclosed:
Rehousing the American Dream
This exhibition explores new archrtectural
possibilities for cobes and suburbs In the af­
termath of the recent foreclosure crisis. Rve
interdiscoplinary teams of architects, urban
planners, ecologists, engineers and land­
scape designers collaborated in public
wori<shops at MoMA PS1 to envision new
housi ng and transportation infrastructures
that could catalyse urban transformation.
15 February to 30 July 2012, The Museum of
Modern Art, New York, IMNW
mama
ocg
Change: Architecture a nd Engineering
in the Middle East, 2000- Present
City of Mi rage : Baghdad, 1952-1982
The US debut of the exhibition City of Mirage
explores the relat ively unknown story of
modern architecture In Baghdad, and is fea­
tured together with Change, an exh ibition
providi ng a snapsho t of contemporary archi·
tecture and engineering in the Middle East.
22 Februa ry to 23 June2012, Center for Ar­
chite cture, New York, http//
· ctaa
ianvorg
Hi gh Soci e ty
A Place to Call Home:
Where we live and why
Using vontage imagery from th e RIBA Cot­
lecbon, High Society explores five classic
UK post-war high-rise housong schemes.
Complementing the exhibotionA Place to can
Home, it explores on detail the inte nse period
of experimentatio n in the post-war years.
16 February to27 April2012, RIBA, London,
V!MMJar
cbJiect!JCACOOl
Lina & Gio: The Last Humanists
This exhibition explores the relationship be­
tween two seminal fig ures in 20th-century
design: Una Bo Bardi (1914-92), b est
known for her buildings in Br azil, and Italian
architect Gio Ponti (1891-1979), the found ­
ing editor of the ma ga zine Domus.
25 Febr uary to24 March2012, AA Gallery.
Architectural Association School of Architec·
ture, London, www.aaschool.ac,uk
Re-Cycle. Strategies for Architecture,
City and Planet
Re-CYcle presents e xe m pla ry projects in­
volving the recycli ng of architec t ure, cities
and landscapes together w ith works by art­
ists, photographers and media producers,
including Lacaton & Vassal, James Corner
and Diller Scofidl o+ Renf ro, LIN, Peter
Eisenman, Archizoom and Superstudio.
Until29 April2012, MAXXI, Rome,
wwwf
aodaz inn
emaxxj11
128 2012 0 2 DETAil DETAil 2012 0 2 D ocument
a tio n 129

cti

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Floor p lan · Se o ns S�e plan
House in London
\ scale 1:200 scale 1:1500

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Axonometric drawing
Architects: I Hall Framing sequence
Hugh Strange Architects, London 2 Bedroom

Terrac e
3 Living
Structural engineer: 4

/
Price & Myers, London 5 Kitchen
6 Dining
Others involved in the project: see page 220
7 Bathroom
8 U!llltyroom

11
The two-bedroom house is located in Dept­ building exterior; their lightness and vertical­ form the fixed windows; the top and bottom
ford, South-East London, on a small site in ity both relate to and contrast with the frames are not visible, emphasising the ver­

_l:j
an old pub yard, largely concealed from the weight and horizontality of the rough in-situ tical mullions. The internal hardwood doors

street outside by an existing brick perimeter
wall. The new building stands apart from
these walls and thereby produces a series
of narrow spaces. The enfilade rooms, high
ceilings, and a framed view to a distant
church make the home appear to be larger
than it is. The surrounding brick walls screen
the city beyond to create a private domain.
The building frame of solid-timber panels
was fabricated from spruce in a Swiss facto­
ry, driven to site in a container and erected
in a week. The constructional logic of the
building's detailing marries an engineered
European product and Central American
joinery. Fibre-cement panels envelope the
concrete base situated atop the existing
slab. The horizontality of the new building's
concrete plinth is an expressesion of the
original slab. It is still visible in the residual
space cum garden, and even in the previ­
ous building's sliding door track was re­
tained. Inside, the polished concrete floor
represents the new slab. It also extends out­
doors to form a terrace.
Each r oom has the same palette of materi­
als: washed timber walls and ceilings, con­
crete floors and bespoke joinery comprising
hardwood windows, doors, and furniture.
Glass is sandwiched between the exposed
structural timber and the hardwood frame to
>
I
and frames are face-fixed to structural soft­
wood openings, reducing site work, accom­
modating site tolerances and visually ex­
pressing the relationship between primary
structural timber and secondary fit-out tim­
ber. The bespoke furniture is set within re­
cesses in the structural frame. The bed,
chairs and a dining table, made from a sin­
gle piece of solid hardwood, are all provid­
ed by the same carpenter; these elements
unifiy the timber interior. The building's ener­
gy requirements are low thanks to the high
standard of air-tightness and insulation, the
timber panels' thermal mass, minimal glaz­
ing to the north, and plentiful daylight.

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1 felt roofing 100 mm laminated cross-boarded timber 7 24 mm double glazing
18 mm exterior·grade plywoocJ 3 felt roofing 45 mm hardwood
8
100-150 mm insulation to falls WBP Plywood 18 mm 9
150 mm concrete plinth
vapour barrier 130-210 mm insulation to falls 240 mm Insulation
100mm laminated cross-boarded timber vapour barrier waterproof rr-�mbrane
white woodwax oil 100 mm laminated cross-boarded timber 80 mm laminated cross4boarded timber
2 6 mm profiled fibre-cement cladding white woodwax oil 10 75 mm concrete floor, polished
38/50 mm timber battens 4 80 mm lam. cross-boarded timber underfloor heating, 100 mm insulation
38/50 mm timber coun t erbattens 5 25 mm hardwood waterproof membrane
100 mm glass-wool insulation, low dens�y 6 45 mm hardwood mullion 200 mm concrete slab (new)
breather membrane finished In Danish oil 50 mm concrete slab (existing)
132 2012 0 2 DETAil DETAil 2012 0 2 ation
Document 133

Site plan
Boathouse near Aure scale 1:4000

Architects: Sectional elevation

Floor plan
Tyin tegnestue Architects, Trondheim
scale 1:100
Team:

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Marianne L0bersli S0rstr0m,
Yashar Hanstad 1 Approach
2 Retaining wall
Others involved in the project: see p
age22
0 3 Terrace/Deck
4 Hinged gate

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6 Swingdoor
0 7 Fire p�

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The boathouse is a cultural and historical therefore rests on H-profiles ei ght meters in the end result, and, consequently, the over­
hallmark of Norway's coastal regions, where len gth, spanning across a crevice in the all design. Old windows from a nearby farm­
fishing used to be the primary profession. bedrock. The main structural members of house were collected and sorted. The
They are known as "naust" here, and have the new boathouse were built on site and placement of these windows became key in
traditionally been used for storing and main­ painted white. In order to ease the f ounda­ deciding what distance to use between the
taining boats and fishing gear. This particu­ tion work, the column base-plates rest di­ pillars in the main construction. The gates in
the south facade revolve around a steel rod

I
lar boathouse is located on the outermost rectly on the mountainous ground. The clad­
reaches of the Moere coast and was erect­ ding is made from Norwegian pine that was pivot and create a sheltered outdoor area.

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lit
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ed in the mid-eighteenth century. The sim­ pressure-treated using a product based on The backlit cotton canvas gives a comforta­ '

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plicity of the old building, its placement in environmentally friendly biological waste ble light, while the steel roof of the old boat­

the landscape and honest use of materials
would become key sources of inspirat ion to
the architects, for the boathouse, which was
from the production of sugar. The outer lay­
er needs no maintenance and will in time
give the boathouse a silvery grey patina.
�
I
house protects the gates from the wear and
tear of a harsh climate. Material salvaged
from the old boathouse is used to clad some

------
erected on unstable clay ground, was i n The remote location made material reuse of the indoor and outdoor surfaces. Corru­ I'
such poor condition that the owner decided very desirable. Flexibility during the con­ gated metal was put to new use to sheathe

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to demolish and rebuild it. The new buildin g struction process played a decisive role in the openings on the south facade. •• ..

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 134 Boathouse near Aure 2012 0 2 DETAil DETAil 2012 0 2 ation
Document 135

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3 Section 4 steel base-plate for

7 scale 1:100
8 Detail section
scale 1:20
roof and wall construction:
'156125 mm No.way pine boarding,
waterproofed
50150 mm counterbattens
98/147 rr.m structural squared
9 timber. painted white
2 76/76 mm squared·timber
brace posts,
painted whtte
3 1 0 mm �Nin-wall polycarbonate
column
5 threaded rod M12 set In
concrete
6 rotation axis/steel bott
7 florescent tubes
8 steel-flat connecting element
9 construction of hinged gate:
corrugated metal
(recycled)
98148 mm squared-timber frame
cotton canvas
10 floor construction:
70122 mmn Norwegian pine planks,
water-proofed
501150 mm squared timber,

lI
sheet screwed to new 'N'OOd arranged in pairs
frarne, 48/196 mm squared timber
ll.Jbber·cushioned steel angle
window (recycled) steel I-beam

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136 2012 0 2 DETAil DETAil 2012 0 2 Doc
umentation 137

Summer Cabin near Goteborg With its velvety black surfaces, clear lines,
and matter-of-fact structure, this summer
Architect: cabin rises from the rugged landscape of
Johannes Norlander, Stockholm Branno, an island flanking the ship route
Others involved in the project: see p
age2
20 leading to Goteborg's port. The architect's
design reconstitutes the house - an amalga­
mation of a cottage dating to the 1950s and
small-scale additions made some twenty
marine coatings. The black roof, which is
covered in tarred felt, and the black alumini­
um profiles round out the consistent colour
concept.
In contrast, the continuous wooden surfac­
es, which are light in tone and reminiscent
of pine lining, bestow the interior a casual
elegance The overall conception testifies to
.

years later - as a homogeneous form with­ the architect's commitment to economy of

out changing the building massing. means.
The intact elements of the existing building,

0
such as the structural timber studs and

r---
planks of the exterior walls, were maintained s�. plan scale 1:1 000
·

1
Sections Floor plan scale 1:200

I
and integrated in the new wall assemblies.
The new plywood clad facades are painted 1 Cabin dating to the 1950s
E9
-

pitch black - bringing to mind traditional 2 Addition dating to the 1970s

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t ebOfg 2012 0 2 DETAil DETAil 2012 0 2 ation
Document 139

Vertical section · Horizontal section

scale 1:10

roofing felt. �NO layers

18 mm veneer plywood 6
12 mm oriented-strand board
195 mm minerat-fibre insulation
between 220/45 mm veneer·
plywood rafters
plastic sheeting vapour bauier;
28/70 mm Umber battens
12 mm pine plywood
2 0 75 mm hole in ratters
for ventilation
3 400/1 15 mrn glue-laminated·
wood ridge beam
4 60/60 mm aluminium profile
gutter, powder-coated black
5 16 mm pine plywood, tar-pitch
coated
28170 mm timber battens
wind break
45/45 mm Umber studs/
mineral-fibre insulation
mineral-fibre insulation between c c
95/45 mm timber studs (existing)

l§i;
plastic-sheeting vapour barrier 7
45/45 mm Umber studs/

)'j,�
between mineral-ribte insulation

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12 mm pine plywood
' 8
6
7
aluminium-profile sliding door
22 mm pine planks \ // //K/&"/1fT

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wood chips (existing) between
250/45 mm timber beams (existing}
false OoOI' {existing)
8 22/95 rrrm pine planks. terrace L
9 8 mm laminated board

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140 2012 0 2 DETAil DETAil 2012 0 2 ation
Document 141

House in Sulz

Architect:
Bernardo Bader, Dornbirn
Team:
Sven Matt, Dietmar Fetz
Structural engineers:
Mader & Flatz, Bregenz
<' -J.._

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Others involved in the project: see page 220

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Axonometrlc of building L
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massing, not to scale -
Stte plan scale 1:2000 aa bb

At the edge of a new subdivision bordered

by a green zone in Vorarlberg's Rhein Valley
stands a home whose striking building
massing is clad completely in wood. The
plots of land here are relatively small, and
the sid ewalk and bike path along the edge
of the site - which are at times highly fre­
quented - lead to a recreational area. In fu­
ture there will be building activity to the east.
In order to attain the desired level of privacy
in this setting yet retain the relationship to
the surroundings, the building is conceived
as an introverted courtyard house with stra­
tegic views to the landscape beyond. In
contrast to many of the single-family houses
in the area in which the outdoor spaces are
little more than residual spaces with awk­
ward plantings, here a private courtyard
takes centre stage. The extensive glazing,
accompanied by sliding elements, extends
the li vin g spaces - not just visually - beyond
the building's limits. The family has different
options - sheltered from rain or open to the
sky-for spending time outdoors. A large
window frames the view from the terrace to
the Alpine landscape, but when needed,
can be screened from view with sliding
shutters. Another carefully positioned open­
ing is situated above the dining-room table:
the nearly square window in the north fa­
cade is placed high enough in the room so
that the family is not visible from the street,
while from inside there is a view of Viktors­
berg, a mountainside village. The kitchen
and dining area flow over into the living
space, but the spaces are differentiated by
their different ceiling heights. The bedrooms
0
Floor plans on the upper level are -with one exception ED
Sections - also oriented to the courtyard. This makes
scale 1:400 Q_ .J it possible to see, at a slight remove, the ac­
5 6

t:::;t:::::_
tivity on the floor below. When skies are

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1 Entrance clear, the Swiss side of the valley is visible. <.

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2 Covered '·

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The exterior facades and those facing the

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seating
courtyard are clad in rough-sawn fir board­
::---/
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3 Courtyard
4 Garage ing; for the protected areas at the entrance
lL. \,
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5 Kitchen/ 2 3 4 and the terrace, planed, smooth surfaces r'
Dining -

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were employed. Inside the home, band­ -
.,

7"' 1
6 Living

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7 Bedroom sawn - and consequently slightly undulat­
ing, textured - planks contribute to the warm
atmosphere. ..,_
142 House in Sulz 2012 0 2 DETAil DETAil 2012 0 2 Document
ation 143

Vertical section
scale 1:20
4
All wood boarding and planks- bolh
inside and outdoOtS - are untreated.
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1 26/60 mm rough-sawn fir boarding 4 roof construction: 27 mm building services layer/battens

45 mm battens/ventilated cav�y aluminium standing-seam roofing 15 mm plasterboard, painted
moisture-diffusing facade membrane 30 mm rough boaiding 5 tongue�and-groove boatding.
16 rnm YJOod fibreboard 120 mm counterbattenslventilated cavi1y vertical: 20 mm rough�sawn fir
240 mm timber beam/cellulose insulation nail sealing tape 6 20 mm oak planks, band-sawn
15 mm oriented-strand board; vapovr retarder plastic satking membrane, 7 20 mm fir boarding, squared
45 mm battens/ moisture diffusing 8 26/60 mm rough·S3'Ml fir boarding
40 mm mineral-wool Insulation 60 mm wood-fibre sheathing, 9 sliding shutters:
27 mm battens water-repellent 26160 mm rough·Sa>M> Iarch boarding
15 mm plasterboard, painted 240 mm structural timber/ steel frame, lacquered blaCk
2 aluminium sheet, anodised in dark shade cellulose Insulation 10 terrace deck:
3 triple glazing in wood/aluminium frame, 15 mm oriented-strand board 27 mm band-sawn oak planks
caps coated vapour retarder 11 steel plate surround wfth spike
144 House in Sulz 2012 0 2 DETAil DETAil 2012 0 2 ation
Document 145

Section of north facade

Townhouses in Munich-Riem
scale 1:20

roof oonstruction :
aluminium stand ing-seam roofing
30 mm rough boarding
120 mm coun t erbattens/
ventilated cavity
nail sealing tape
plastic sarklng membrane
60 mm wood-fibre sheathing
watet-repellent
240 mm structural imber/
t 240 mm timber beam/
cellulose insulation
15 mm oriented-strand board
vapour retarder
Architects:
caps coated
Bucher-Beholz Architekten. Gaienhofen
3 aluminium sheet, anodised in
dark shade In go Bucher-Beholz, Martin Frey
4 wall construction: Team:
26/60 mm rough-sawn Isabelle Honeck, Marc Jehle
fir boarding
45 mm battensfventilated cavity Structural engineers:
, moist\Jl'e-cliffusing facade membrane Helmut Fischer, Bad Endorf
16 mm wood fibreboard
Others involved in the project: see p
age2
20
cellulose insulation
15 mm oriented-strand board
vapour retarder

I' �
140 mm building services layer/battens 45 mm ba«ens/
20 mm fir panelling, planed 40 mm minerai-YJOoJ insulation
2 window: 27 mm battens
triple glazing in 'NOOdfalr..:minium frame, 20 mm tir panelling, planed

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Site plan 1 Hall 5 Ramp to 7 Loggia

scale 1 :2000 2 living parking 8 Bedroom
Floor p lans
e
3 Kitchen level 9 Studio
scale t:200 4 Terrace 6 Children 10 Guest

The new residential complex in Riem, a dis-

4 8
r
r
trict on the eastern edge of Munich, demon-

I f=
strates that townhouses can be rigorous and
flexible at once. A private initiative compris-

�� 2
ing 24 fa milies set out to create an ecologi-
cally minded habitat with a high design
standard. The group commissioned the ar-
4
n
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chitects to d evelop six identical clusters,

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3 each consisting of four spacious units; each
•
floor of a townhouse. which is organised

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vertically around a compact stairway, meas-

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ures 10.5 x 5 metres. A lofty living area ex-
tends the entire l ength of the ground floor;
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the adjoining wooden decks on both sides
7
dl r
4- serve as fine-tuned thresholds to the shel-
tered entrance area and to the back yard.

CL
The terraces cut out at attic level give the
massing rhythm and allow daylight to pene-
trate all levels of the townhouse through the
staircase.

81
The light-grey slate cladding alternates with

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l'� i.f====.==
large glass panes, thereby animating the fa-
cade. The buildings have a high standard of 4 4 I

r 1I r
insulation and are also equipped with triple
�.....
�.9 ��L-·!1.: glazing and controlled ventilation with heat

J :-/ :.:..:-
. -
recovery. Consequently, the annual heating

�
requirement is just 15-20 kWhlm2•
The structural concept takes an unconven -
/ tional path, as well. By employing wood in
/ combination with a delicate steel structure,

_lr I
the architects and engineers optimised its

I
structural potential - with favourable results 4 4 5
11 til - .
not least of all with respect to the ambiance. I
a l
146 Townhouses in Munich-Riem 2012 0 2 DETAil DETAil 2012 0 2 D ocument
ation 147

rl rlr rl lrllrlr
p�/�,-
II

.,
I It 1 II 1 II I I It

p- ' - _.:--�
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p I / \

p· p 11ll
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11

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2

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t; f l- �Ll;\
100mm extensive vegetation; seal 4 3

--"Z it . i=·.:r ;1.

300 mm thermal insulation; vapoor barrier
�DimEJ
1
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DCTI ZIDIZJDDD9

, �;�I
75 mm lumber-core plywood (3-ply) ==-" ==:

I
1T
oak windows with triple glazing
·'X) '
2 " �
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3 70/40 mm timber planks; 60 mm suppol1ing structure <

�
!
' '
10 mm rubber granulate mat; seal
30 mm vacuum-insulated panel; vapour barrier II' I '
I -
L '
.

50 mm lumber-core plywood (3-ply) I I

4 slate; 50/30 mm timber banens 5
20 rnm timber counterbattens; sarl<ing membrane
220 mm thermal insulation; vapour barrier
1 5 mm plasterboard
5 140/70 mm IPE steel section
6 (11 7017014 mm steel SHS column 6 8
7 10 mm floor covering; 60 mm heating screed
separating layer; 80 mm impact-sound insulation
50 mm lumber-core plywood (3-ply)
8 solid-wood-panel party wall, double-sided. insulated:
1 5 mm plasterboard; 100/60 mm frame
30 mm acoostic insulation sanctNiched
Vertical sections
between 30 mm lumber-core plywood (3-ply)
scale 1:20

-
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..:. :.
,-.. -,�,-l i?11:
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[ 2

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148 Townhouses in Munich-Aiem 2012 0 2 DETAil DETAil 2012 0 2 D ocument
ation 149

Horizontal sections
scale 1:20

1 slate; 50/30 mm timber banens

20 mm timber counterbattens
sarking membrane
220 mm thermaJ insulation
vapour barrier
t5 mm plasterboard
2 oak windows with triple glazing
3 tsolid-wood-panel party wall.
double-sided, insulated;
15 mm plasterboard
100/60 mm frame
30 mm acoostic insulation sanctNiched
between 30 mm lumber-core plywood
(3-pty}
4 triple glazing, fix
5 t;li 70/7014 rnm steel SHS column

From the civil engineering standpoint, the 2

structural ooncept of the townhouses in
I
Munich-Riem combines cross-wall and
frame construction. The structural party
L
walls, at 5 metre intervals, are load-bearing
cross-walls. The lightweight steel mem­

I
bers make it possible to shorten the spans '- =====

of the floors of lumber-core plywood to

2.00 and 3.00 metre segments and to re­
duce the thickness of the load-bearing L
panels to 75 mm and 50 mm. In addrtion,

[ ===
this facilitates subsequent openings in the 1
ceiling deck. The party walls consist of
double-wythe, wood-frame wall panels

/ :J=r= �==rn
5 1� L :"1p...iJ
(each wythe is 15 em thick). In order to
expedite construction, they were fabricat­

�/'z::t r-
ed so that one panel extends the entire
l
r-
\

�
.r::l;;;.
length and height of each storey.
/
The decision to execute the frame con­
I
1D .,-.�
struction between the panels in steel pro­ - ·-

files allowed us to achieve slender cross­

sections (column: steel SHS 70/70/4 mm;
beam IPE 140) which would not detract

/I
from the open spatial concept. The struc­ r

i/
tural floor panels are supported by the low­

r-1
er flange of the steel beams. In the interi­ 3 /
ors, the consistent use of white brings

r-1-'.J
about a flush, homogeneous overall im­
pression and the structural members re­
..,/
main legible without becoming dominant. "'"
-
The structural concept is restricted to serv­
ing its function. ._,n :.,.,---
And thanks to the frame construction,
partition walls were not required. Where
necessary, floor-to-ceiling buih-in cabinets
provide spatial definition and privacy.
The party walls provide the longitudinal
bracing. The lateral bracing is achieved
with diagonal cross-bracing made of
steel tubing; on the ground floor this is 4
integrated in the architectural concept and
remains visible. The combined use of
wood and steel, ooupled with a highly
disciplined design process and spartan
execution, made it possible to construct
the townhouses economically. This pro­
ject is a conscientious contribution to
contemporary - perhaps, timeless -
architecture.
Martin Frey
150 2012 0 2 DETAil DETAil 2012 0 2 Doc
ur
n entation 151

Site plan
Trades Centre in Bergell
scale 1 :2000
Section · Floor plans
Architects: scale 1:400

Studio Maurizio, Maloja

1 Foyer
Renato Maurizio, Reto Maurizio 2 Reail
t space
Structural engineers: 3 Cafeteria
4 Storage
lvo Diethelm, Gommiswald, Switzerland
5 Office
Others involved in the project: see p
age22
1 6 Conference room
7 Computer centre

--- Situated on the edge of the village Vicoso­
prano, a box clad extravagantly in wooden
\, •. crosses not only serves as eye-catcher,
but also plays an important role in a concept
to reinvigorate the region's economic devel­
opment. This trades and service centre,
also offers vocational courses in conjunction
wrth apprenticeships.
The building i s constructed almost entirely
of wood. A row of crux decussata (also
known as Saint Andrew's Cross) are lined
u p - bringing to mind oversized wickerwork.
taining the workshops, storerooms and car
park - is set back slightly, making the wood
structure appear to hover slightly above
ground. Only the cube-shaped vestibule ­
which leads to a double-height foyer ­
interrupts the homogeneous facade on the

I
named Punto Bregaglia, is part of the "Mov­ The crosses envelope the entire building building's back side. The interior wall run­
I I
ing Alps" program, which came into exist­ massing and support the Umber box-ele­ ning the length of the building divides the .,

IJO
ence in 2001 to attempt to counteract the ment roof; at the same time, they provide floor plan in two zones: to the north, the cir­
I

Ill
demographic shift that is increasingly rob­ the cross-bracing and give the building its culation space (which also serves as dis­
-

I I
bing rural areas - such as the Bergell re­ characteristic appearance. The exterior play and exhibrtion area), and to the south,
gion, a southern valley in the Swiss canton wall behind this layer employs wood-frame the shop and offices facing the street. Be­
Graubunden - of their residents, but also to construction; on the ends it is clad in hori­ cause the cross-bracing provides sufficient aa

try to stem the accompanying frayed sense zontal timber boarding, and on the long stiffening for the entire building, the partition
of identity. The centre provides space for fronts the extensive glazing opens the build­ walls defining the spaces can be changed
small businesses to pitch their products, bU1 ing to the exterior. The concrete base - con- as needed.

·--
-�

5 5 5 6 7

First floor

I
Ia

nrnn
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Ground floor
152 Trades Centre in Bergell 2012 0 2 DETAil DETAil 2012 0 2 D ocument
ation 1 53

tO 11 12

'll:
I :I:PI
2

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I

3
9- - f-'-
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/ 13
\ ' '

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·
.

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Vertical section
Horizontal section
scale t:20

--
1 50 mm gravel
two-layer bttuminous seal
rockwool thenmal insulation, -4
two layers. 50-1 20 mm + 1 00 mm
vapour barrier
27 mm lumber-core plywood
(3-ply)
2 0.5 mm copper sheet;
vapour barrier
27 mm lumber-core

I r1
plywood (3-ply)

f ;_
3 30 mm plywood,
latch veneer 5
50 mm insulation
vapour barrier
1 40/400 mm glue-laminated
timber beam box element of
27 mm lumber-core plywood -
4 crux decussata bracing:
1 60/160 mm glue-laminated
timber. larch
12016015 mm steel RHS -
connection
7
5 2x 70/30 mm larch cover strip
-
1 40/180 mm veneer ply.noocl frame
l
'l\/ . '
40 mm triple glazing

H
6 t 0 mm linoleum flooring
7 1 40/520 mm glue-laminated
timber beam box element of
27 mm lumber-core plywood
8 17 mm stoneware tile
40 mm anhydrite mo•1ar
polythene sheeting
9 exterior wall:
45190 mm larch boarding
30160 mm battens

- iffus g
1 8 mm wood-fibre board,
st
moi ure d in
1201160 mm glue-laminated timber!

•
160 mm rockwool thermal insulation
27 mm lumber-core --
plywood (3-ply)
1 0 partition wall:
1 5 mm plasterboard
20 mm battens
2001200 mm glue-laminated
e
timber
200 mm rockwool
thermal insulation

I
27 mm lumber-core plywood
(3-ply) 8
1 1 display case:
fire-resistant glazing
1 2 fire-resistant door:
larch veneer
Isometric 13 27 mm lumber-core plywood
(3-ply)
a roof of box elements 1001100 mm glue-laminated
b crvx decussata as bracing timber
c load-bearing exterior and Interior walls t 00 mm rockwool thermal Insulation!
d ceiling deck of box elemenets 27 mm lumber-core plywood
e base of in situ concrete (3-ply)
154 2012 0 2 DETAil DETAil 2012 0 2 Document
ation 155

Bathhouse in Lochau I, '•\\_

\
Architects:
Lang + Schwarzler, Bregenz E9
Theo Lang, Karl Schwarzler

\
Team:
Carmen Hernandez-Areas
Structural engi neers:
Elmar Hagen-Huster, Br ege nz
Others involved in the project: see p
age2
21

The •Am Kaiserstrand" bathhouse in western Swabian Sea tradition. Resting atop the plat­ The use of wood, however, is a constant Site plan 5 Showers
scale 1 :5000 6 MeChanical
Austria offers spectacular views of the Bay of form - which is supported by 30rei nforced· the columns and the beams, as well as the services
Bregenz, Pfander Mountain and the foothills concrete columns - is a simple, single-storey horizo ntal claddi ng of the facade, and all Aerial plan 7 Garbage
Sections 8 Storeroom
of the Swiss Alps. A 42 metre long pier con­ structure. It houses a glazed restaurant floors - inside and out- are all of the renew­
Floor plan 9 Sideboard
nects the pile structure situated on the east· {whose terrace provides access to the sun able resource. In a nod to sustainability, the scale 1:400 10 Cold store
ern coast of Lake Constance to the recrea­ deck), as well as changing rooms, showers architects worked With untreated silver fir 1'1Bar
tional zone of the same name on shore. The andWCs. from nearby forests. The silver fir, which is 1 Access pier 12 Cafe
2 Entrance 13 Terrace
revitalisation of the entire complex has also The numerous storey-high folding shutters, exposed to the elements, will weather natu· 3 Head lifeguard 14 Stair to
just been completed: the coastal promenade which constitute the facade's outermost lay­ rally with the passage of time. 4 Changing sun deck

was eXlended, new pedestrian and bike
paths were laid out, and a historic hotel com­
plex was refurbished. The bathhouse is, how­
ever, without a doubt, the highlight. Translat·
ed into the contemporary formal vocabulary
of Vorarlberg's architecture, it convincingly
continues the typology referred to as the
er, and the slid ing-glass doors behind them
allow the building to be used flexibly; be·
cause the bathhouse can be opened up
completely, or, on the other hand, closed
and protected, for example, from inclement
weather, a variety of spati al combinations
are possible.
The energy concept is also environmentally
sound. The bathhouse is equipped with
controlled ventilation and heat-recovery.
a
a
During the heating season, an air-to-air heat
pump pre-warms the incoming air to ensure
that the restaurant space can be quickly
brought up to a comfortable temperature.

bb

,.
+
i
r' . . ,

13

., .
14

,·� 9

11

Ia
156 Bathhouse in Lochau 2012 0 2 DETAil DETAil 2012 0 2 D ocument
ation 157

i-.:j'"•'».�---c;�
Vertical section Horizont aJ section

-. -�.
•
·

-
scale 1:20

l
13

---1m!],_,.�'"" 0

- -
•

�
8
m: -

. :_
-
- _-,
-
- --;-
l-
,-- -_
-
- _
-
. . f-
_,
• • • �
. _ . -
: ., -t- '

==
�0== :_:�
7
====1JfJP-;; ==== ====
===

6 10 9 16 cc

balustrade:

• r 2
17' 50130 mm steel RHS, galvanized
0 12 mm steel rod
parapet:
2M5 mm silver fir boarding, untreated
40/40 mm silver fir battens,
painted black or
40 mm ventilated cavity
�
16 mm oriented-strand board, painted black
2 -o 0 102/80 mm softwood studs
1 8 mm oriented-strand board. painted black

� 0 3 40!40 mm silver fir battens,

u
painted black
a I
3
20175 mm wh�e fir boarding, untreated
roof deck construction:
� � .,-,= --T<-'1'
'1"-'
'' .,."'r-'

-
'
-r"T...;.
· ...t � "i-"1�� �..,. 55/55 mm silver fir planks. untreated

}
80/20mmand
0 45/65-120 mm softwood battens
protective mat

4
0 sealing layer

0
25 mm oriented-strand board

\ II
60/80-160 mm softwood beam or
I
l
0
80-160 mm ventilated cavity
sarking membrane
1-
0
"" !
1 6 mm woocl-fibre board bracing

-
1001240 mm softwood rafters or

0
240 mm minerai-'NOOf thermal insulation

�JL C:::' :::

22 mm oriented-strand board,

�
- � -
glued air-tight
r7l
�
==:!::
===

d�
= 4 180/400 mm glue-laminated timber beam
5 suspended ceiling:
6 5 2 20 mm silver fir boarding, untreated

0 6
aoovstic mat, black
sliding-folding shutters:

0 I! 2M5 mm thomboid boarding on

40/40 mm silver fir battens, untreated, in

u 7
7017017.2 mm steel frame, galvanised
180/180 mm silver fir column, untreated
7 tl 8 13 8 balustrade:
50/30 mm steel RHS, galvanlsed,
c -i
n 0 1 6 mm baluster
c 9 co 30/8 mm steel-flat wind bracing
10 U 40/40 mm steel-channel guide rail

0 1 1 floor construction exterior:

55155 mm silver fir planks, untreated
0 80/20 mm and 60/120 mm battens
syntt>etic adjustable footing
1 2 suspended ceiling in restaurant:
20 mm boarding silver fir, untreated
11
60140 mm softwood battens or
40 mrn acoustic insulation
60/60 mm softwood counterbattens
1 3 sliding door. double glazing
in silver fir frame, untreated
1 4 floor construction restaurant:
27 mm silver fir planks, untreated
vapour barrier
80 mm mineral-wool thermal n i sulation
between 50/80 mm battens
120 mm minerai-Y.JOol thermal insulation
between 00/1 20 mm squared timber
126 mm mineral-v.JOol thermal insulation, with

/
syntt>etic adjustable footing at intervals
torch-on felt membrane
250 mm reinforced-concrete slab
15 1 5 0 450 mm reinforced-concrete column
1 6 co 30/1 0 mm steel RHS stop
158 Bathhouse in Lochau 2012 0 2 DETAil DETAil 2012 0 2 Document
ation 159

Vertical section scale 1:20 Extension to the University of Applied Site plan

1 exterior wall: scale 1:5000

Sciences in Kuehl
20/75 rnm
silver fir boarding, untreated
40/40 lliffi
silver fir battens, painted black or
40 mm ventilated cavity Architects:
sealing layer, black
Dietrich Untertrifaller, Bregenz
16 mm wood-fibre board
100/60 mm softwood studs or Helmut Dietrich, Much Untertrifaller
100 mm mineral-wool thermal Insulation Team:
18 mm oriented-strand board. Bernhard Breuer, Peter NuBbaumer
glued air-tight
2 tread Sx 55/55 mm silver fir plank (project architects)
3 stringboard: Bjorn Diehl, Svenja Hohenreuther,
250/50/10 mm steel RHS
IZl Felix Kruck, Sven Meller
4 40/40/5 mm steel angle with
hard-rubber bearing surface Structural engineers:
5 0 16 mm sleel rod. welded Kurt Pock, Lienz (timber construction)
to stringboard
Others involved in the project: see p
age2
21
6 handrail:
50130/3 mm steel U-section
with Integrated LED lighting

.T
0

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u
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u

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0
0
a
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11
0
4

B I 2 3 The extension at the Kuehl Campus of the The two walls of the reinforced-concrete columns on the ground floor play an impor·

�0
Salzburg University of Applied Sciences
gives students state·of·the art examples ­
both architectural and technological - of
f.3�0DOC :JDDDODODDDDDDI JOODOI:dWCjODOOODC JDDILIOGJQF timber applications. The circulation within
the orthogonal building massing takes the
form of a glazed corridor facing the adja­
cent existing building, creating an L-shaped
figure. The foyer and art room on the ground
floor take up the entire depth of the building.
In the upper storeys one reaches the semi·
nar rooms and a library via a single-loaded
corridor. Because it was not possible to po·
sition the partition walls directly above one
another, cross-wall construction was ruled
out; a frame system was employed instead.
staiiWay and the windowless end wall facing
southwest provide bracing. This cross·lami·
nated timber facade consists of four layers
of prefabricated strips extending the height
of the building; they were connected on site
to form a panel (16 em thick). Timber-box el­
ements (11 m long) span the width of the
room and cantilever above the hallway. To
reduce their effective length, the columns in
the facade were connected by rails situated
at table level. At the inner row of columns,
this occurs at the height of the doer lintel.
The ceiling thickness was optimised by
threading building services through cut outs
in steel beams. The six slender, solid-steel
tant role its lofty impression. Strips of un·
treated silver fir clad the windowless fa·
cades. Because the longitudinal glazed fa·
cades must withstand strong winds, the ex·
tenor solar protection was mounted in a
fixed position. Its composition in the facade
is not solely a function of solar orientation:
the louvers are a design element, and the
solar-protection concept also includes interi·
or solar blinds. The combination of a highly
insulated building envelope with the exploi·
tation of solar and internal heat gains, and a
heat-recovery system make this building
Austria's first institution of higher education
to implement passive house technology.
160 Extension o
t the University of Applied Sciences in Kuehl 2012 0 2 DETAil DETAil 2012 0 2 Document
ation 161

-
• ' • • • • '

I -

I I
10

L 11 4
-
4 4

fh
..
.....
�,.__ -

l l
"-
"
9

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.[ ..:.. -

I 'I II II I /
ill
2

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aa bb

Sections
Floor plans
a ' c • ' scale 1:400

1 Entrance (existing)
2 Connecting corridor
6 7 8 4 3 Lobby

L-
4 Seminar room
5 Drawing studio
I "'=
6 Library
•f•
7 Photo studio
8 Project space
,, .
. 9 Printers
10 Instructional material

I � f'?)
�
d
W&1
d
WNW
ffia
ata
i'd
j
ld
e
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2 lb
162 Extension o
t the University of Applied Sciences in Kuehl 2012 0 2 DETAil DETAil 2012 0 2 Document
ation 163

Vertical section
Horizontal section -·
0
corner/end wall
scale 1:20
mm gravel; protective layer
SO
two-layer bituminous seal
72 mm cross-laminated timber. 3-ply
60-50 mm timber suppo11ing structure
60/24 white fir boarding, untreated
2 50 mm gravel: protective layer
two.fayer bituminous seat
330-200 mm mineral�wool thermal
insulation, 1° Inclination
bituminous vapour barrier
l 1 l-5 Il
n·L�
ceiling deck:
240 mm board pile elements
/

250 mm supporting struct\Jl'e I

SO mm mineral wool; acoostlc mat
15 mm birch veneer pl'y\'IOOd, oiled
3 12/275-280 mm glue-laminated
timber beam 'I
4 300/260 mm glue-laminated timber beam
5 240 HEB steel section 16
6 triple glazing:
6 mm toughened glass + 18 mm cavity +
6 mm toughened glass + 18 mm cavity +
6 mm toughened glass in 100/100 mm
post·and-rail facade,
aluminium/untreated silver fir
7 200/300 mm glue-laminated timber column
8 300/100 mm glue-laminated timber rail as
bracing against buckling, milled, wfth
70n0/3 mm steel T-section inside.
bolted to rail
'-., 1
EI_]
C>""''�Ji-
9 glazing eleme t n:

8 mm toughened glass,
enamel glazed finish on rear
14 mm ventilation cavity
breather membrane
I 0
I
350 mrn rrJneral-woolthermal insulation

[:::::3
)
vapour barrier; 2x 12.5 mm plasterboard '.

I �- ;
- 10
connecting clips 9
24 mm veneer plywood, birch surtace, oiled
10 24 mm Industrial parquet. ash, oiled ' I I I I I
11 - ··
- /. ::·
00 mm cement estrich
polythene separating layer '·
30 mm minerai·'NOOI impact·sound insulation

\
24 mm sand fill
�
'--
10 mm separating layer .
40 mm laminated veneer lumber

IL !__\ \/
100 mm rnineral wool between
100/400 mm glue-laminated timber beam . \ c--
40 mm laminated-veneer lumber /
I
'
I I

280 mm supporting strucMe

__ \

1/

l
30 mm mineral-v.ool acoustic mat 13 14

'I
15
l
15 mm birch-veneer plywood, .·

ft I
oiled and some segments perforated

�
1 1 170/60/3130 mm silver fir solar Venetian
blinds with weather drip and M15 threaded
rod (glued in) at 1575 mm intervalS
12 80/40/4 mrn stainless-steel RHS,
micaceous Iron oxide powder-coating

I
13 80/12 mm steel flat
14 4 mm steel sheet to prevent vertical
spread of fire,
micaceous iron-oxide powder-coating
15 150/70 mm steel angle at intervals r:
:--"'1
0
16 25/60 mm silVer fir boarding
S0/40 mm ventilated cavity/battens
16 mm wood-fibre board,
moisture-diffusing.
water-repellent, coated black

cw l I
mineral-wool thermal insulation between
100/100 squared timber,
running horlzontalty
mineral-wool ther111al insulation between
100/180 squated timber, I
running vertical�' •It
2t
vapour retarder .
.._.
1 '1400/2800/162 mm cross-laminated
timber board,

7
I
'1
prefabricated In four vertical strips
40 mm mineral wool between
connecting clips

/
25 mm gypsum fibreboard, 2 layers "
,·

S0/120 mm building services zone/battens

16 mm veneer plywood,
birch surface, oiled
164 Extension o
t the University of Applied Sciences in Kuehl 2012 0 2 DETAil DETAil 2012 0 2
Joinery near Freising
Architects:
Deppisch Architekten, Freising
Michael Deppisch
Team:
Johannes Dantele (project architect),
Christian Klessinger, Kerstin Schneider,
Manuel Sch achtn er
Structural engineers:
Haussler lngeni eure, Kempten (timber
construction)
Brandl + Eltschig Beratende lngenieure,
Freising (foundations/concrete slab)
Others involved in the project: see p
age2
21
On the edge of Pulling, a town near Mu­
nich's metropolitan airport, is an extraordi­
nary joinery hall. Its clear overall form is a
function of its inner structure; the details are
simple and articulated matter-of-factly. To
the east, south, and west, the facades are
clad in wood with a black scumble coating.
Motor-operated, hinged shutters are posi­
tioned flush with the facade to control the
amount of daylight passing through the nar­
row windows; they cut a striking figure when
open. The luminescent, matt surfaces of the
photovoltaic modules on the gently sloping
roof surfaces are visibl e from afar. The multi­
wall polycarbonate sheet on the north fa­
cade diffuses the light, and as a result there
is no glare inside the hall. Three large
glazed ports with optimised wood frames
are set in the translucent surface in a man­
ner reminiscent of display cases. They not
only offer glimpses in and out of the hall, but
Section Machinery
1
Floor plan 2 Workbench
scale 1:500 3 Office
4 Changing
5 Employees
k
J'
3 2
� r6�5
0 I
also facilitate delivery of large building com­
ponents. The interior makes a bright and
spacious impression. The palette is limited
to a small number of untreated materials:
softwood was selected for the structural
members and interior fitting out, and con­
crete for the floor slab. The latter's expan­
sion joints retrace the grid of the timber con­
struction over head. These two materials -
accompanied bythe recycl ed polycarbon­
ate sheet - set the tone inside the building.
The use of generously scaled prefabricated
timber-frame elements expedited the con­
struction phase. The client took on the task
of executing the polycarbonate facade and
the timber cladding - including ports, doors,
windows and shutters - as well as the interi­
or fittings. In addition, the details were de­
veloped and realised in close cooperation
with the client. The open floor plan, based
on a structural grid, is flexible in usage; the
6 WorkShop office II Warehouse
7 Tools 12 Mechanical
8 Enamelling services
9 Heating 13 Sheet material
10 Pellets storage 14 Storeroom
Ia
I I
' I
8 9 10 11 12
Ia
Document
ation 165
technical equipment has clearly delineated
functions and is conceived as a module sys­
tem that can readily be expanded. And the
primary beams have large cut outs so that
the ductwork for the different building ser­
vices - including ducts for heating and elec­
tricity, as well as a vacuum system - can be
accommodated flexibly and independent of
one another. Energy for heating and elec­
tricity is gen erated on site . Wood chips are
siphoned off the joinery's machinery and
compressed into pell ets. This covers the
business's entire heating requirement, and
also provides the heat necessary for lac­
quering. The photovoltaic elements have a
surface area of 1200 m2; they produce
70000 kWh/year - more than the hall can
use. The modules appear to be flush with
the roof's edge, but the elements are situat­
ed at a distance to the sealing layer and
can, when needed, easily be replaced.
r 1]
aa
A
'
1
13 14
B
166 Joinery near Freising 2012 0 2 DETAil DETAil 2012 0 2 D ocument
ation 167
- -=----

Site plan a structural elementsI haU ate compressed

scale 1:3000
Schematic sections
of structural concept,
energy, and lighting
scale 1:250
materials into pellets, which
b u-vah.Jes building cover the enti:re
envelope winter heat require-
c wood/waste cycle: ment
the woodchips d use of daylight/
siphoned from the photovoltaics

f1) y.rwwdet
'( \\ � cJ\
lU.
Ud e
a
t
a
nd
il
d
e
/
e/
p
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h
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5
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sh

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U.rool 0.18 Wtm'K pho:(,)'V(,)J1<ic ::hin fim modules
prefabricated roof elements 1200 rn'l/70000 kWh/a

,..., -1 �- :-
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:;
in�
t box elemenl core inst..JatiQn
woodchips PIE%S - SOlar protectiOn
and storage hi!'Qed shutters

- .·l .
:-
=:::::.
:: ,
.I
-
lighlfacade: direct utiizatlon liGh
t
.e•laminated structural metrtber
softwOOd gh
mlt:i-wall
polycarbona�e
.a
U·fa<:ade 0.90 Wfrn'K
prelabricated multi-wall carbonate U-window 0.90 W/rrilK hOO!ii'(J

c'-T---
shee!
wall elemems Sheet triple g�zing � ar re!IJn elemool

J_ --.p:...-rr-
--
� slab unreinfOJced reiniOfced concrete u flOOr 0.32 W/m"'K U·\'Wll 0.22W/�K boiler 100 kWaccumalatortank ""'e" seepage direct vtization by machhe
e>�panSK>OIOints In structural grtd ll"'lt IC&\11311 perimeter- lnsula:lon timber box elemElf"lt core h&.Jtatton trough

a b c d
 1 68 nery near Freising
Jo
i 2012 0 2 DETAil DETAil 2012 0 2 Documentation 169

Vertical section
scale 1:20

�---
--

_
C1

-
-

�
11 -
12

�
-�- 9

6 8

250 mm concrete floor slab,

trowelled
2 portal in north facade:
31 mm double glazing In
50/200 mm softwood frame
2
with aluminium cover profile
on exterior swiaces
0 6 mm stainless-steel
tension r'od
3 60/495 mm recycled
14 polycarbonate mutti-wall
sheet, light-diffusing
4 70/1 70 mm glue·laminated·

mm
timber. horizontal rail
5 160/200 glue-laminated
timber column
6 squared timber, vertical
in main axis:

mm
60/120 mm structural timber
7 160/200 glue-laminated
timber truss
8 10 mm steel sheet
connecting element
9 160/440 mm glue-laminated
timber truss
10 phOtovoltaicelement
battenslcounterbattens
52/48 mm aluminium profile
plastic sealing layer

! 16
22 mm oriented-strand board
60/200 mm structural imber
200 mm mineral-wool
t I

insulation

�rrwf- 17
18 mm softwood lumber-core­
plywood (3-ply
)

11 15/250/340 mm per104'ated
'--- r sheet metal
1 2 threaded rod M16 with

J
•
turnbuckle, welded at top to

l
perforated sheet metal
18 13 20 mm sof�NOOd hinged

i
shutter, scumbled
14 triple glazing in

-
1
softwood frame

�=:=---
;
15 motor for hinged shutter
..---·-· 16 tension cable/guide rail

I_
17 idler pully
. - 18 20 mm sofi'NOOd boarding,

1 Ill
' '
scumbled

Ij
'.
40/50 mm battens/ventilated

LU :! :
·!'
I
''
<

:
I
!
cavity: facade membrane,
moisture-diffusing

' '
22 mm wood-fibre sheatNng

/ II
J
i
140 mm mineral-wool
1 insulation

,, · <
" '"
18ly mm softlNOOd lumber-core·

, ,.
u .. )
A
.. B p wood (3-ply
170 Joinery near Freising
- -=--- -
2012 0 2 DETAil

Horizontal section 1 portal: 3 1601200 mm glue-laminated· 140 mm mineral-wool insulation

No11h facade 31 mm double glazing in
South facade 501200 mm softwood frame
scale 1:20 with aluminium cover profile
on exterior surfaces
0 6 mm stainless-steel
tension rod
2 601495 mm recycled
polycarbonate multi-wall
sheet, light-diffusing
timber colurrn 1 8 mm softwood
4 wall construction: lumber-core-plywood
)
100-160120 mm softwood (3-ply
boarding, scumbled 5 hinged shutter, open
40150 mm battens/ 6 triple glazing in
ventilated cavity softwood frame
facade membrane, 7 tension cable/guide rail
moisture-diffusing for raising
22 mm wood·fibr& sheathing hinged shutters

Ill
WJ
I

- -

5
172
Coatings for Wood in Exterior Use
Gerhard GrOll
In modern timber architecture, architects of­
ten employ untreated wood - which, conse­
quently, will quickly turn grey. One reason
they do this is to conserve resources and
protect the environment by doing without
chemical coatings on the wood. Untreated
wood facades became common long
enough ago that it can now be claimed that
if a facade is detailed and executed well,
the wood will be durable.'· 2 This trend raises
the important question whether coatings on
wood in exterior application s are ever nec­
essary and, if so, which purpose they fulfil,
requi ring us to distinguish among the vari­
ous ways wood is employed. This article de­
lineates the functions of wood coatings for
these respective applications.
Function ofcoatings in exterior applications
Wood surfaces used on building exteriors
are exposed to the elements (sunlight, rain,
snow, sleet and hail). At different intervals a
number of other factors also put a strain on
these building components. The location of
the wood surface is an important factor in
the degree of weathering. The most impor­
tant variables are geographic location and
sea level, the direction the surface or com­
ponent faces, inclination, and physical barri­
ers (projecting roofs or other elements pro­
truding from the facade protecting certain
surfaces from direct exposure, ill. 2). Ac­
cordingly, the vulnerability of a building 's
different wood surfaces to weathering may
vary significantly.
When wood is employed whose surface has
not been treated or coated, its colour and
surface structure will change quickly. When
exposed to the elements, wood's natural
colour tone is transformed: the surfaces
change colour as a result of weathering, col­
onization by micro-organisms, and pollution.
This is true, without exception, of all types of
wood.3 1n addition, moisture fluctuation in
the wood causes cracks to form, and long­
term exposure results in marked erosion of
the surfaces. These superficial changes do
not seriously reduce the strength of wood
components. However, when the wood is
untreated, it is likely that it will become
1 3
patchy before it weathers evenly. The pro­
tection afforded by building components
that prevent direct weathering (e.g. project­
ing roofs, window ledges, etc.) often causes
a quite uneven appearance. When exposed
to different types of weather, chemical com­
ponents of wood may leach out and discol­
our other building surfaces (e.g. rendered
facades). In many instances this aspect of
untreated wood is considered unaccepta­
ble. Surface treatments can prevent these
changes; to do this they must fulfil specific
functions. The selection of the protective
coating determines how the wood will
weather over time, and is, correspondingly,
a significant factor in the tenant's satisfac-
2012 0 2 DETAil
lion with the building's appearance and
function.
Colour selection and design
The different paints, scumbles and varnish­
es offer a great variety of options for the de­
sign of the building exterior. The colour
coatings contain lightfast pigments. The pig­
mentation and the transparency of the coat­
ing are closely linked to the degree of pro­
tection from light afforded the wood. With
opaque lacquers, many colours can be at­
tained, and, these coatings are the most du·
rable, because they protect the wood very
well from weather, particularly from damag­
ing UV light. In terms of weather resistance,
DETAil 2012 0 2
1 Untreated wood, fatmhouse in Tyrol
2 Physical barriers protecting untreated silver fir:
house in Lauterach
archttect: Oefele van Nuyl<en
3 Traditional anernative to coatings:
charred timber boarding, gallery for
James Turrell, Naoshima;
architect: Tadao Ando
4 Soft>oood boarding, scmbled,
u
joinery near Freising (see p
age1f\5 )
archttects: Oeppisch Architekten
5 Coating with aluminium particles on rough-sawn
timber boarding
architects: Heim Kuntscher
these wood-coating systems are, in fact,
comparable to automotive paints. In cases
in which the wood surfaces are planed, the
grain is covered and is no longer visible
from a greater distance. Coating rough­
sawn wood with opaque lacquers -the
grain can still be seen and the wood is
preserved - is one reasonable alternative
(ill. 5, 1 1 ). Rough-sawn wood absorbs a
large amount of the coating material, there­
by helping to affix it to the surface, and
thanks to t he strongly varying thickness of
the coat, it is not possible for larger areas to
peel off.
However, due to the unique structure of
wood, transparent coatings are in demand;
only scumbles with transparent iron oxide
pigments (available in different shades of
brown, red and yellow) absorb enough light
in the UV range to protect the wood suffi·
ciently from decomposition processes.
There are a few colourless coating systems
avail able on the market for wood used on
the building's exterior. However, in this
product category in particular, only prod­
ucts that have been tested (two years' field
exposure in accordance with EN 927-3)
should be employed. They contain different
types of transparent light stabilizers that can
absorb UV ligh t or render harmless so­
called radicals (aggressive decomposition
products).•· s Most transparent systems are
not as weather resistant as scumbles con­
taining pigmentation and opaque lacquers.
Protection from light; colourretention
The first stage of weathering involves de­
composition of wood substance attributable
to the portion of sunlight with short wave­
lengths and results in change in colour (yel­
lowing, browning). Next there is decomposi­
tion of areas near the surface, which leads
to greying and erosion of t he wood.
The UV protection provided by the pigments
and other light stabilizers in the coating pre­
vent these decomposrtion processes, or
slow them considerably. Consequently, the
constant imperviousness of the coating to
the damaging range of UV lig ht plays an im­
portant role in the weather resistance of the
Technology 173
surfaces. With pigmented coatings it is pos­ Physical barriers
sible to retain the colour for a long period of Coatings protect the wood from soiling and
time. When surfaces covered in opaque mechanical influences (e.g. pounding rain),
coatings are renewed - whether small sec­ as well. The physical protection offered by
tions or the entire surface -the original col­ the coating film can prevent patchy discol­
our can be recreated. Scumbles, on the oth· ouration caused by pollutants, as well as
er hand, become darker with the passage of erosion of wood substance and leaching of
time and can only be lightened by applying chemical components.
opaque coatings."'' Coated surfaces are, as a rule, not vulnera­
ble to wasp damage - which, for untreated,
Moisture protection weathered wood, takes the form of multiple
A paint film can reduce the absorption of light-toned stripes. Systems that form films
rainwater and humidity and thereby help offer more physical protection than systems
stop cracks from forming in t he wood. Mois­ that do not form films. Impregnation-applied
ture protection is especially important for di· scumbles and thin-coat scumbles are exam­
mensionally stable building components ples of systems that do not fom1 films.
such as wooden windows and exterior
doors, as well as certain materials in board
format, particularly plywood. Here the coat­
ing helps lessen the weather-induced mois­
ture fluctuation in the wood and the accom­
panying changes in size (expansion and
contraction). Moisture protection is of less
significance for components that are not di·
mensionally stable (facades, fences , balco­
nies, etc.). Accordingly, thin scumbles may
be employed, for example, for wood board­
ing used in facades.
Important variables of moisture protection
are t he thickness of the coating, the type of
bonding agent, and the colour of the coat­
ing. More moisture protection (i.e. less fluc­
tuation in moisture content) is achieved by
using a thicker coating , solvent-based alkyd
resins (as opposed to water-soluble bond­
ing agents), and light shades of colour.
Coatings help prevent reaching the critical
levels of moisture (more than 20%) that are
present in untreated wood. They also re­
duce wood's vulnerability to destructive fun­
gi. If a chemical preservative is required, it
cannot b e replaced by a coating alone.
Thick coatings are to be avoided, as mois­
ture can accumulate and lead to rotting in
cracks (e. g. knots), along structural seams,
or at spots where the surface has irregulari­
ties or is damaged. Due to the weathering,
the moisture protection is only effective for a
limited period oftime and must be main­
tained as befits the specific coating.•
 174 Coatings for \!\food in Exterior U se 2012 0 2 DETAil DETAil 2012 0 2 Technology 175

6 Che ically modified wood in rooms subject to

m 8 Thermally modified wood, Children'sCiinic in
water. acetylated Monterey pine, Nantes
trench bridge in Brabant architects: Bruner Saunier
architects: RO & AD Archrtecten 9 Modified pine wrth no coating, from left to right at
7 Wood moisture in board samples at 45' facing 3. 6. 9. 12 and 18 months, at 45• facing south in
sooth, over the course of 18 months in Vienna. Vienna12; reference sample {left).
Electrical measurement of wood moisture 3 mm weathered sample (right)
below the weathered surface". a untreated wood (reference)
b acetylated wood
c cr-free san-impregnated wood
d thermallytreated wood
e furfurylated wood.

Chemical wood preservation
When a chemical wood preservative is re­
quired, a coating will be employed that is
equipped with active ingredients in the form
of primers or impregnations or as scumble
wood preservatives. These prevent wood
from being infested by micro-organisms by
thwarting harmful insects or fungi that dis­
colour or destroy the wood. According to
the Austrian norm 8 3802-2, for non-struc­
tural building components with performance
grade 2 (exterior element protected by roof)
and 3 (exterior element subject to weather­
ing), pro viding protection from blu e-stain
fungus can be sufficient. When inherently
durable woods (such as teak, black locust,
bangkirai, or oak) is employed, chemical
wood preservatives are not required (Austri­
an norm 8 3802-2). Only wood preserva­
tives whose effectiveness has been verified
should be employed - these are listed in the
Dl 81 Wood Preservation Index, the RAL In­
dex, or the Austrian Wood Preservation In­
dex. However, surface treatments and
chemical wood preservation cannot com­
pensate for mistakes (such as choosing an
unsuitable primer) or for a faulty construc­
tion. Selecting the right materials and struc­
tural implementation of the wooden building
components is a prerequisite to a properly
functioning surface treatment.
Modifi
ed wood
Thermally modifying wood is a process that
requires no chemicals and functions for
most types of wood. In this process the cell
wall is altered by- among other things -
destroying the hydroxyl groups of the hemi­
cellulose and changing the lignin structure.
The wood is heated with hot air, steam, ni­
trogen or oil; this causes a colour change,
increases the wood's resistance to fungi, re­
duces equilibrium moisture content and in­
creases dimensional stability when moisture
multi-phase pressure-vacuum impregnation
of wood using a solution containing furfuryl
alcohol and other substances, and a subse­
quent hardening phase that results in a per­
manent polymerisation of the chemicals in
the cell lumen and bonding and cross-link­
ing in the cell wall. The process causes the
colour of the wood to change significantly;
increases dimensional stability, resistance
to destructive fungi, and hardness, but also
causes the material to become brittle."
Modified wood without a coating becomes
grey similarly to wood that has not been
modified (ill. 9). The dark shades that are
brought about through furfurylation become
lighter again quite quickly. Monterey pine
(pinus radiata) is particularly well suited to
the process: when it weathers, cracking is
minimal, as is the change in its colour.
Artificial weathering
Processes which simulate the appearance
of naturally weathered, untreated wood can
achieve visually appealing wood facades
tion nor chemical wood preservatives and
therefore, are not, if used alone, considered
sufficient protection for wood surfaces sub­
ject to weathering. Currently, on the basis of
classic paint technology, tests are underway
to incorporate functional layers in wood
coatings for exterior applicat ions.
Range ofapplications
Coatings on wood for exterior use are em­
ployed for different types of applications
that vary with respect to the coatings' prop­
erties. EN 927-1 governs all wood coatings
for exterior use and defines different levels
corresponding to the required dimensional
stability of the wooden building component
{ill. 10). Using the same categorisation sys­
tem, EN 927-2 determines the requirements
that coatings must fulfil based on field expo­
sure for a duration of one year and a water-
permeability test (the latter is not compulso­
ry at present), so that depending on the di­
mensional stability required, certain criteria
must be fulfilled.
VWndows and exterior doors (dimensionally
stable building components)
Windows and exterior doors are considered
dimensionally stable building components
and, with respect to coating, have special
significance because in Europe a high
standard is expected of the surface quality
(comparable to that of furniture); at the same
time, the moisture protection of the coating
also plays a role in attaining dimensional sta­
bility, and the windows -whose surfaces are
all coated - separate the interior and exterior
climates. Due to these differing weather con­
ditions, the windows are not only exposed to
the weather: the diffusion processes of mois-
lure caused by the difference in partial wa­
ter-vapour pressure between the indoor and
the outdoor climate must also be taken into
consideration {ill. 14).
For windows and exterior doors, thick coat­
ings (thick-film scumbles and opaque
paints) with a dry film thickness in the 60 to
150 1J m range are typical; for windows in
which the wood is shielded from the weather
(e.g. wood/aluminium windows), thinner
coatings are acceptable {Austrian norm 8
3803). In order to avoid diffusion-related
moisture accumulation, the inner face of the
window should receive a more vapour-tight
coating (e.g. a layer with a greater thick­
ness) than the outer face.
Wood facades
For wood facades, there are, depending on
the type of ventilated cavity, different struc-

levels change (ill. 8). However, through heat
treatment, a decrease in the wood's bulk
density, mechanical strength, toughness,
and resistance to abrasion occurs. This is
12 .,.....- why thermally modified wood cannot be
used for load-bearing purposes.• Acetyla­
NJv Jan Mar May Jul Sep New Jan Mar May
tion is a process in which wood is chemical­
ly modified by introducing acetic acid and,
at high temperatures and pressure, the hy­
sotvent-based alkyd coatings: droxyl groups of wood polymers (above all
untreated 'N'OOd reference (black}. 1 (green}.x
1i-=�T--;-
with a uniform grey coloration. Special coat­
ings are available to achieve this appear­
ance. An age-old Swedish method for ac­ a
celerating greying in areas exposed to the
elements involves applying a ferrous sul­
phate solution to the surface of coniferous
wood (surfaces not exposed to the elements
are altered only minimally). Tannic acid
stains are also an option for use on rough­
sawn wood: they produce a high-quality,

7 a 2x (bl ), 3x (red), ICP according to EN 927-3

u
e lignin, hemi-cellulose and amorphous cellu­ uniform imitation of untreated, weathered
lose) are converted to acetyl groups. During wood. However, at present no products of
this chemical reaction, acetic acid is creat­ this type are available commercially.
32
ed; following acetylation it must be extracted
28 from the wood. Two advantages of this pro­ Nano products as hydro-phobic agents
24 cess are: it increases wood's resistance to In recent years, in the field of nanotechnolo­
destructive fungi and insects and improves gy, products for attaining water-repellent
20
dimensional stability when the material is wood have been made increasingly availa­
16- subject to fluctuating moisture (ill. 6). The ble on the market. They cause a strong wa­
12 process only causes a slight change of col­ ter-repelling effect through functional mole­
8�
d
-,
-..-
--.-
..��--
--�-.
� our and does not significantly alter the me­ cule layers, without limiting the permeability
Nov Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov Jan M3r May chanical strength.'0 In some cases, the to water vapour, whereby a strong beading
smell of acetic acid is considered bother­ effect and a slight reduction of absorption of
water-soluble acrylate coatings: some, and metals that come in contact with water by the surface of the wood is
untreated referenoe {black), in P20=20 �m dry-film
thickness (green), PSO= 50 �m (blue), it may undergo accelerated corrosion. achieved. However, most products on the
b P80=80 �m (red) Furfurylation is a process consisting of a market thus far contain neither UV protec- 9e
176 Coatin gs for \!\food in E xterior U se
10 Levels of applications for coating systems
for wood used outdoors in compliance
with EN-927-1
11 Two coats of different shades of red on
rough-sawn silver-fir boarding,
school in BO«enen
architects: Rohrer Sigrist
12 Coating on a high-solids polyurethane basis.
Blemish-free surfaces are attained when it is ap­
plied wtth state-of-the-art systems technology.
13 Types of wood facades'
a ventilated facade (open to sky).
b ventilated facade (closed to sky),
c un-ventilated facade {'Nith air cavity},
d un-ventilated facade (withoot air cavtty)
14 Influence of moisture on wood window
!ural principles. Facades with ventilated
cavities provide the greatest protection
against accrual of moisture in wood - and
correspondingly against decomposition
(ill. 1 3 a). For ventilated facades, priming the
rear of the facade elements is recommend­
ed in order to reduce the moisture absorp­
tion, for example, of the occasional occur­
rence of surface condensation. The surfac­
es should, however, continue to be mois­
ture-diffusing so that moisture can dry
quickly (ills. 13a, b). For a facade witho ut
ventilated cavities, as is the case for wood
windows, the moisture ftow through exterior
walls must be taken into consideration, and,
on the front and rear of the facade elements,
a comprehensive set of coatings with diffu­
sivity characteristics calculated on the basis
of moisture-diffusion calculations is recom­
mended (ills. 1 3 c, d). The options available
for wood facades range from no treatment
to impregnation-applied scumbles, thin-coat
scumbles and intermediate layer systems.
- tion. In contrast, long lasting opaque coat­
Systems making use of thick coats are not
recommended due to potential moisture ac­
crual. Materials in sheet format require mois­
ture protection in combination with special
products to seal the seams to protect the
laminations from forming cracks or from
coming un-laminated when subject to the
elements.
Balconies and fences
Surfaces of balconies and fences will with-
out a doubt be exposed to a significant de­
gree of weathering, and in particular the
nearly horizontal surfaces such as the top of
a banister, as well as the upper edges of
wood cladding and battens - which should
always be at an angle so that rainwater can
run off. End-grain surfaces or sulphated ele­
ments - in which the capillaries of the wood
structure are cut- are also often particularly
vulnerable to exposure. Such situations
should be avoided through detailing when­
ever possible.'2 It is imperative that the coat­
ings on these particularly vulnerable surfac-
es be thoroughly inspected and serviced. In
addition, the use of highly durable (e.g.,
opaque) coatings, or coatings that are sim-
2012 0 2 DETAil DETAil 2012 0 2
level or application allowable change In size orwood typical example or level or application Dr. Gerhard Grilli majored in wood economy at the
University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
(BOKU) in Vienna and heads the "Wood
not dimensionally stable unlimited change in size overlapping boarding, fences, Surfaces" and �Furniture'" divisions at Halzforsch.rng
· t.
balconies Austria".
Since 2009 he has headed the Austrian norm
committee "ON-K 050 - Coating Materials". and
dimensionally stable to a change in size allowable to limited 1110rtise-and-tenon boarding, wood has taught at the BOKU in Vienna. His work focuses
limited degree degree structures, garden furniture on coatings for wood, types of damage to it, and
IJI/000 anatomy.
dimensionally stable change In size allowed to very windows and exterior doors
limited degree
10
12a
pie to service is recommended. Thin-layer
scumbles and scumbles or opaque coat­
ing s of medium thickness are typically em­
ployed on balconies and fences. In order to
reduce the risk of moisture accumulation,
thick layers are to be avoided. Balconies
have a number of load-bearing elements,
which is why prophylactic coatings play an
/ important role (Austrian norm B 3802-2).
/, I
Terrace decking
The exposure to the elements of these hori­
zontal surfaces - often with virtually no
slope, and, on top of that, subject to soiling
by foot traffic and often quipped with
13a b grooves or high-precision edges -trans­
lates to a very high level of stress. For this
reason, coatings have been developed that
are especially suited to the requirements of
wood decking. Thin-layer oil coatings ­
which must be serviced at a minimum of
once a year - are common for this applica­
- pp. 23-31
ings (with mid-range thickness) are also an
opti on - however, colour tones that are not
prone to soiling are recommended, but not
so dark that they heat up inordinately when
exposed to solar radiation. Untreated wood
is often used for decking, and in this case
the different native and exotic types of wood
quickly turn grey and lose their distinctive
appearance. When the effective distance of
c d
the decking is 50 em or more from the
ground or water below it, the load-bearing
function of the boards must be secured ei­
ther by applying a prophylactic wood pre­
servative or by selecting a type of wood
which is inherently durable.
Summary
When used properly, coatings for wood for
exterior applications have a favourable ef­
fect on moisture content balance of wood
components and thereby reduce the risk of
decomposition. In addition, they keep sur­
faces from weathering and maintain con­
stant colours and a uniform appearance of
the building. They are to the same degree
striking design elements as they are pre­
11 14 servatives. The selection of a system must
Technology 177
b
be accompanied by proper maintenance.
The maintenance interval and the effort re­
quired are dependent on the original coat­
ing and the exposure of the surface. The dif­
ferent products have specific functions. In
some areas wood does not need the protec­
tion afforded by coatings or preservatives,
but in such instances, cracks and other
signs weathering are a matter of course.
Bibliography
' Brandst�tter M., NeumOIIer A.. Scheibenrelter J..
Spatt M., Buchgraber M.. Grilli G. et al. (2002):
Holzfassaden. Holzforschung Austria. Vierma
' Schober K. P., Auer C., Dolezal F., Gamerith H.,
GrOll G., Holler K. et al. (2010): Fassaden aus Holz.
first edition, proHolz Austria, Vienna
s Sell J.. Leukens u. (1971): Untersuchungen an
bewltterten HolzoberliMhen. Zweite Mitteilung:
Verwitterungserscheinungen an ungesch01z1en
HOizern. Holz als Rotr und Werkstoff, 29, 1 ,
' GrOll G Tscherne F., Forsthuber B. (2000):
.•
Brightwood - Transparente Beschlchtungen fOr
Holz lm Au!Jenberelch. Proceed. Fenster Turen
Treff 2000. Holzforschung Austria
• Forsthuber B., GrOll G. (2010): The effects of
HALS in the prevention of photo-degradation of
acrylic clear topcoats and wooden surfaces.
Polymer degradation and stabiltty, 95, pp. 746-755
• GrOll G Truskaller M., Podgorski L. Bollmus S..
.•
Tscherne F. (2010b): Maintenance procedures
and definition of limit states for exterior wood coat­
ings. Eur. J. Wood Prod.,
DOI10.1007/s0010Hl10.0469-z
' Tscherne F., GrOll G.
(2010): WartungsmaBnahmen
und Definition von Grenzzuslinden
t fOr Holzavflen­
beschichtungen. Proceedings ofthe continuing ed­
ucation course on wood coatings hosted by SAH,
ZOrich
• GrOll G., Truskaller M., Podgorski L. De Windt 1.,
Bollmus s.. Suttie E. (2010c): Moisture condnions in
coated wood panels during 18 months natural
weathering at five sites In Europe. Proceedings of
the 7th Woodcoatings Congress, PAA, Hampton
• Hill C.A.S. (2006}: Wood modffication: chemical,
thermal and other processes. Wiley series in
renewable resources, Chichester
'' Seube.t-Hunziker H. (2001) Hotzkunde II - Tell 2 -
Holzchemie. Eldgenosslsche Technlsche
Hochschule ZOrich
1 1 Esteves B. , Nunes L, Pereira H. (2010):
Properties of furturylated wood (Pinus pinaster),
Eur. J. Wood Prod DOI 10.1007/s00107.010-
.•
0480-4. published online: 9.9. 2010
'' Schober K. P Auer C.. GrOll G. (2006): Balkone
.•
und Terrassenbeli:ige aus Holz., first edrtion, Holz­
forschung Austria (HFA-Schriftenreihe, 12), Vienna
178 2012 0 2 DETAil DETAil 2012 0 2 Technology 179

Protection from Condensate for Flat 1 , 4 Diurnal vapour conveyance lhrough diffusion
(per m') and lhrough convection (per linear
Roofs of Wood metre seam). Sources and calculation In keeping
with DIN 41 08-3
Robert Borsch-Laaks 2 Diffusion balance accOfding to DIN 4108-3:2001
for assemblies exempt from verification at s<l.• =
3 Work on the sealing layer of a flat roof
5 Drying reerves
s with respect to the outer
s<t�value at s<t; = 2 bzw. 1 00 m and at
sd, = 6 x sd.e· According to DIN 4108...3, graph 1,
line 3, the assembly is exempt from ver�icalion
as long as the Inner s.-value Is six times higher

I
2.0 m. The diffusion current from the air in the in­
hab�ed space to the sarking membrane is limited
to 400 gfm' (highlighted In yellow). At the same
1-10mm
time, depending on its sd·value - large amounts
seam
'• are conveyed from the sarking membrane to the
exterior (green). At the upper limit of the exterior
vapour resistance rs., = 0.3 m) the calculaled
than lhe exterior value. However, lhls is only valid
when water-vapour accumulated exclusively via
diffusion is taken into consideration.
A drying reserve of � 250 gfm' filr convecive
t
vapour transport can only be attained ifthe
s• .-value Is limited to� 2.5 m.

<
6 Drying reserves with respect to lhe inner

I amount of condensation is 213 gfm' (bi>Je). If lhe

outer s.-value falls below 0.15 m (orange). lhe
set-value. This should be limited to 4-5 m in order
to make available sufficient summertime evapo·

\
assembly will be free of condensation in a typical ration potential.

I winter (negative value on chart).

I
1 ex1efior: -1 O'C, 80% rei. humid�y I inside: 20'C. 50% rei. humidity 3

Flat roofs, terraces, loggias, shed roofs and
vaulted roofs constructed in wood typically
all have one thing in common: they contra­
dict a basic tenet of timber construction that
holds that the assembly must diffuse mois­
ture outward.
Nevertheless, current research findings
demonstrate how such assemblies can be
adequately equipped with moisture protec­
tion. Despite the one or the other case of ex­
treme damage - examples of which will be
detailed in this article - the satisfactory per­
formance of unventilated flat roofs can be
attained through proper planning and then
verified. However, it is necessary to dispel a
few common misconceptions regarding
moisture-diffusion verification and to devel­
op guidelines for advanced building-physics
calculations.
The traditional approach to sealing no
longer works
The •classic" response to the issue of va­
pour-tightness of the outward-facing side of
an exterior timber wall was - and regrettably
still i s - to employ vapour barriers. Following
a conference put on this year by the AKOH
(Task Force on Ecological Timber Construc­
tion) on wood preservation and building
physics, the speakers - researchers, plan ­
ners, and experts in the field -took an unu­
sual measure: in order to confront the con­
tinued widespread lack of understanding in
Germany, they prepared a document of
consensus detailing the "Seven Golden
roofing might, after all, be exempted from
verification. This new norm will be published
in 2012; it stakes out a position similar to
that of the ·seven Golden Rules" (ill. 7) and
requires:
sufficient incline (taking the specific bend­
ing properties of the wood type into con­
sideration) in order to prevent puddles
from forming on the sealing layer
high solar-radiation absorption of the exte­
rior surface as propulsion for reverse diffu­
sion
use of the best-suited intelligent vapour
retarder
installation of dry wood products for load­
bearing members and boarding
Buildi ng it safe
ng physics: playi
Before these rules are explained in detail,
let's recapitulate what has proved effective
in wood construction for many years.
For unventilated flat roofs, condensate
quantities and drying potential can be
measured using the Glaser process - as de­
fined in the German norm DIN 4108-3. Un­
der certain conditions, fully insulated timber
cross-sections which are moisture-diffusing
toward the exterior are exempt from con­
densate verification. The inner and outer wa­
ter-vapour resistance (s•. , and s•.•l is deci­
sive. Water-vapour resistance indicates to
what degree the respective layers hinder
vapour diffusion. According to DIN 4108-3,
water-vapour diffusion curTent
table 1 , line 2, in order to be exempt from
verification, the boundary values are:
s•.• s: 0.3 m
s•. • ., 2.0 m)
It is illuminating to quantify an assembly's
vapour conveyance. Illustration 2 depicts
the diffusion balance of an assembly not re­
quiring verification with an inner vapour re­
sistance (s•. 1 value) of 2 metres. Below an
sd. • value of 0.15 m, the assembly is free of
condensate, because during the condensa­
tion phase, more moisture can diffuse
through the assembly to the exterior than
can come from the interior.
During a "typical" summer (90 days, 12•c.
70% relative humidity), the interior diffusion
current of the condensation phase is con­
fronted with interior drying potential that
compensates for three quarters of the win­
ter load. For the small remainder (about
100 gfmZ) there is an extemal evaporation
potential - depending on the exterior s.
value - that exceeds it 20 to 60 fold. This i s
sufficient to "naturally" extract the moisture
from the timbers. Because they have con­
siderable evaporation reserves, such as­
semblies are tolerant of errors.
How do drying reserves function?
Calculations of the diffusion balance do not
give the complete picture of vapour trans­
mission in roofs. In the 1980s, laboratory
drttusion current
tests undertaken by the Fraunhofer Institute
(IBP) had already verified that vapour trans­
mission by air flow (convection) can be
many times faster than vapour movement by
means of diffusion.
Under normal climatic conditions, each day
a vapour retarder (s. = 2 m) with a surface
area of one square meter allows an amount
of water vapour which is roughly equivalent
to the contents of a shot glass to pass
through it (ills. 1, 4). If the surface has a gap
just a few millimetres wide and 1 metre long,
the vapour transport increases exponential­
ly. The additional diffusion through the gap
is negligible, but the capture effect- caused
by convection - is extreme. This already ap­
plies for about 5 Pascal, a slight difference
in pressure, which can be caused at tem­
peratures below freezing in heated build­
ings simply through thermal updraft. No tim­
ber-construction firm is perfect, and houses
that are 100% free of air infi�ration do not
exist. Therefore, for the remaining leaks, tim­
ber structures need sufficient drying poten­
tial. To this end, in the late 1990s, the Fraun­
hofer Institute proposed equipping buildings
so that the diffusion balance, as determined
by the Glaser process (difference between
condensation phase and evaporation
phase) creates drying reserves equalling
250 gfmZ. This recommendation has been
confirmed in practice and is currently mak­
ing its way into the professional guidelines
vapour resistance
and norms. The practical consequences of
this are, however, to a great extent not yet
understood, not even by the authors of the
norms.
How "tight' may the inner seal be?
Moisture-diffusing timber cross-sections
(s._. ,:: 0.3) facing the exterior always provide
sufficient drying potential for convective
moisture. For higher external vapour resist­
ance values, the drying reserves come to
:;, 250 g/m� for convective vapour convey­
ance, but only when the s•. .-value does not
exceed 2.5 m (ill. 5). When gently sloped
roofs {max. 200 incline) are verified on the
basis of calculations, the norm allows for the
surface temperature of the roof to be calcu­
lated 8•c above the outdoor temperature.
This is intended to represent the increased
temperature caused by solar radiation,
which leads to an increased "reverse diffu­
sion• from the exterior to the interior. When
calculating the drying reserves for such cas­
es, the inner s.-value should be limited to
4 to 5 m in order to provide sufficient evapo­
ration potential for summer conditions (ill. 6).
A vapour barrier facing the interior with a va­
pour resistance of :;, 1 00 m - as is regretta­
bly still deemed acceptable in DIN 41 08-3 -
can only guarantee drying reserves of 20 to
60 g!m•. Therefore, the new version of the
wood-protection norm (DIN 68 800-2:2012)
takes an important step toward honest
�
1ooo-r-r
'E
building physics by stipulating that roofs
have drying reserves of 250 gfm>.
Intelligent vapour retarders
Reverse diffusion, which occurs in the sum­
mer months, leads to increased relative hu­
midity on the vapour retarder.
So-called intelligent vapour retarders that
can adapt their diffusion resistance to the
ambient humidity have been in use for fif­
teen years and have proved effective. In
winter, when a high vapour resistance is
necessary, due to the contiguous low rela­
tive humidity (heated indoor climate) they
have a high s.-value (ill. 1 0). In the summer,
when the conditions are inverted, the s.-val­
ue falls to about one tenth of the winter level
and allows the moisture that has accrued to
dissipate toward the building interior. Unfor­
tunately, the Glaser calculation method can­
not take this type of vapour retarder into ac­
count. However, with state-of-the-art com­
puting methods (hygrothermic simulation in
accordance with DIN EN 15026) the differ­
ence becomes very clear. Illustration 1 1 de­
picts the influence of different vapour mem­
branes on water content of roof decking be­
low a flat-roof seal for an assembly with
highly insulated compartments. While the
vapour barrier (s. = 100 m) leads to a con­
tinual increase in moisture due to the con­
vective load, the water content at s•., = 5 m
attempts to reach a level at which the peak

\
Rules• for flat roofs that are exempt from the 500
resistance {condensation phase) {evaporation phase) (s,) ' '

\
verification process. The document is pref­ s
outdoor climate S<l= SIJ= S<l= "' s

�"'
400
aced with a clear statement: "Using a va­ :g
-10"C, 80 % relative hwnidity 1 00 m 20 m 2m <:
"'
<I>
750
pour barrier on the outer face of a vapour­ exterior from inside heading difference heading sum "'
out
watd u
otward diurnal diffusion current �
tight wood structure is no longer in conform­ 0, 15 0,7 7 � 300

�
(gfm'l "'
" 0>

1
ity with engineering standards.• s., m ,m; � l::. m wT m,w(l .s
mwTir!W·>9 mvN; m w� o)$ � 500
i:'
(m) (gfm') (g fm'l (gfm'( (gfm'] (gfm') (g /mI '0 'C
200
''Seven Golden Rules' for woodpreservation
The new version of the German wood pres­ 0.10 429 -648 -219 300 6064 6368
h of s
t
wid eam 250

II
100
ervation norm (DIN 68 800), in particular 4346 pressure difference:
3 mm 10mm
0.15 429 -432 -3 300 4043
1 mm
Part 2, which deals with physical barriers 5 Pa rs.l
0.2
0 429 -324 105 300 3002 3335 0
diurnal co
0
providing wood protection, has also sparked nvection current
200 400 600 0,5 1,0 1 ,5 2.0 2.5 3,0 1 4 5 10 100
a discussion among experts. In this case, 0.25 429 ·259 170 300 2426 2729 (g/lfm seam)
- s�; = 2 m s•• =200m inner s<1-vatue (m)
the question whether the popular, fully insu-
4 29
- s.,;� 6 :x sd,o) - sd.e = 40 m
0.30 -216 21 3 300 202 1 2325
lated flat roof with sealing layer or metal 2 4 5 Sli;= l OO m outer Sctvalue (m) 6
180 Pr
otection fr
om Condensate for Flat Roo
fs of
7 case "unplanned moistening" occurs.
7 Flat-roof assembly, exempt from verification
procedure according to DIN 68 800- 2:201 2,
m
i ageA.20.
Fully insulated, non-ventilated flat roof on
boarding, not shaded, layers beginning below
and moving up:
· interior cladding (s. � 0.5 m)
• intelligent diffusion-retarding layer
(s. � 3 m at s 45% rei. humidity and
1.5m s: s. s: 2.5mat 70% rei. humidity)
· mineral-fibre insulation in accordance with
DIN EN 13162,mineral-fibre insulating boards
in accordance with DIN EN 1317t or insulating
material whose suitability for this type of
application has been verified by a
constn..'<:tion supervision agency
wood product dried under
·
controlled conditions (us:. 15 %)
· upper boarding of dry wood
· left: darl<·toned sealing layer
(black or radiation absorption � 80%)
· right: metal roofing on
structured separating layer
additional requirements:
· roof slope � zo or 3%
· roof elements must be fabricated in
the workshop
· ducts, conduit and pipes must be
installed facing inward from the airtight seal
· must be guaranteed that the roof not
be shaded {zoning}
changes in length in the upper
•
boarding caused by moisture can
be minimized by providing sufficiently wide
joints or limiting the sheet size
Wood
8,9 Trapped moisture migrates to the shaded areas
of the parapet. It is distributed via the air layer
above the partial insulation.
10 Intelligent vapour retarder: variable s11�value
wi1h respect to relative humidity (values of three
sample products}
11 Hygrothermal simulation of water content
(24
(in %of mass) in roof boarding mm) below
a sealing layer (s. = 200 m) wrth respect to the
choice of vapour retarder. Case under study:
300 mm mlneral·flbre Insulation between ratters
5
(), = 0,00 W/mK): inner cladding:
12.5mm plasterboard; climate zone:
Holz:kirchen. Germany (exterior);
normal moistvre load in according to WTA MB
6·2 (interior); radiation absorption 80%:
unshaded roof; air-lightness class C:
winter levels no longer surpass the 20 mass­
percent limit to protect the wood. With intelli·
gent membranes, the average water content
is an additional 4 to 5 mass percent lower
and makes available additional reserves in
Protecting wood: accuracy matters
In Section 5.2.4 - Condensate, the new
norm states: "A detrimental change in mois·
ture content due to condensate from vapour
transmission or vapour convection should
be avoided [. . .]. The components of the
building envelope are to be executed so
that they are impervious to vapour convec·
tion.• Despite the fact that these general
principles are correct, they do not help the
planner or specialist determine what is still
allowed.
The recommendations of the AK6H confer·
ence are more specific on this issue: the ex·
perts' consensus calls for a general exami·
nation of airtightness in timber roofs. This re·
quires, on the one hand, determining the air
permeability of the building envelope
(q50-value in m3J(m2 x h)). On the other
hand, it involves locating the points of infil·
tration in order to discover any serious er·
rors and risks in parts of the assembly be·
fore it is sealed.
The document also points out that unman­
ageable cavities in layers on the cold side of
the insulation must be avoided. As has re·
I'
I·
" \
'
-
L
9
2012 0 2 DETAil
q50 = 5 rn"/(h x m'); thermal height 5 m;
calucations begin: October 1 ;
Initial moisture content = 80% relative humidity
12 Single-ply plastic sealing layer without
temporary sealing atop OSB sheathing.
SmaU gaps in sealing layer welded on site led to
severe damage. Major spread of moisture via the
air layer above the insulation.
1 3 The "close·your-eyes-and-pray" strategy leads
to danger of collapse In six years.
Rainwater that infiltrated the assembly during
construction was ealed
s (vapour·tight) before
it had dried out.
14 There should be no ductwork, conduit or pipes in
vapour·light assemblies on the outer side ofwall
- unless they a<e Individually sealed with sleeves
and then tested on site.
10
peatedly been established, when damage
occurs, the moisture in these unventilated
layers - moisture that was present in materi·
als when they were installed or entered at a
later date through gaps in the sealing ­
spreads, and partially or fully shaded areas
act as "moisture magnets• (ills. 8, 9, 12).
In light of the practical experiences of dam·
age surveyors, the seventh rule explicitly
stipulates that the moisture content of struc­
tural members and sheathing be measured
and documented at the end of the construe·
tion process. The intention is primarily to en­
sure that these materials have not been infil­
trated by moisture during the construction
phase (ill. 13}.
Convection protection in detail
But rules that determine exemption from the
verification process should not be misunder·
stood -as often occurs -to define the only
possible choices: assemblies that must go
through the verification process are, of
course, potentially viable. To this end, both
the norm and the conference participants'
consensus paper set clear guidelines:
they stipulated that when the Glaser pro·
cess is employed, drying reserves of at
least 250 g/m2 must be verified. It is certain­
ly a possibility to consider easing this re·
quirement when the building tightness is de·
!ermined using the blower-door method. A
new work group at the International Associa·
I I
- --
0
DETAil 2012 0 2
'E16
�14
" E
,.
Cl)o:l-12
10
8
6
4
2 �
0 �-:-
20 30 04 50 60 70 80 90 100
- intello rei. humidity [%[
proclima 08-r
- VarioKM
tion for Science and Technology of Building
Maintenance and the Preservation of Monu­
ments (\1\ITA} is currently discussing the
corresponding approaches. Experts have
proposed a limit of 150 g/m� when the air
permeability of the building envelope per
unit area (q50-value) is below 3.0 m3f(m2 x h)
(ill. 15). This parameter is the ratio of the vol·
ume flow at a pressure difference of 50 Pas·
cal and the inner surface area of the build·
ing envelope in conformance with DIN EN
13829:2001 .
The n50·value - at present, a widespread
measure of building tightness - is not suited
to the evaluation because it is linked to
volume, while the accrued convective
moisture influences the building envelope.
The two different measurements can, how­
ever, be converted. Illustration 17 shows
the n50-values required to maintain the
q,., = 3 m3/(m2 x h) limit. Larger buildings
{which typically have a smaller envelope-to·
volume ratio) require lower n50-values given
equal air penetrability. But due to the favour­
able envelope-to-volume ratio, this can more
readily be attained.
The limits of the Glaser process
For the standard condensate verification
procedure (in keeping with DIN 41 08·3) in
the approach mentioned, it is often over·
looked that an elevated surface temperature
for the drying phase is only admissible when
Technology 181
35
�"'
"' 30
"'
s;
A
25
1?
,
"'
0
J>
�
20
,!:; 15
�
c
0
v
10
2
5
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
vapour membrane time !years[
- s4, =100m
11 - s4, = 5 m - sd� variable Type A sd1 variable Type B
shade-free surfaces and solar absorption requires that hygrothermic simulations must
are guaranteed. be carried out for all fully insulated, non·
The exemption regulations of the new wood ventilated flat roofs.
protection norm (ill. 7) stipulate that exposure The WTA work group mentioned above aims
to sunlight must be guaranteed "for the long to complete its own rules for calculation and
term by the codes or zoning". This presents evaluation by the end of the year. The main
the planner with a special challenge. In addi· features can already be inferred from stud·
tion, for the exemption from verification, it is ies and publications by the participating
absolutely necessary to confirm air-tightness institutions and individuals.
and wood grade of prefabricated roof ele·
ments, as well as to place installations below The power of the sun
the sealing layer. Illustration 14 documents During planning, special attention must be
what can happen when this is disregarded. paid to the influence of radiation. Shaded
To enable the intelligent vapour barrier to areas of the roof (caused, for example, by
function optimally, the exemption rule limits solar collectors) must be taken into account
the s.-value of the inner cladding to 0.5 m. in the calculations. In this event, assessment
Section A.2.1 of DIN 4108-3 states explicitly procedures such as the ones developed by
that roof vegetation and the like are not cov· Holzforschung Austria, an instiMe for the re·
ered by the norm. This applies to other search of wood, should be used. A precise
types of covering layers (gravel, terrace calculation of the effect of shade based on
decking, etc.), as well. Such assemblies can the exact location of the building can be
be calculated with verification methods that made with the help of meteorological data·
are more precise than the Glaser process. bases.
The hygrothermic simulation process has With respect to covering layers (e.g. terrace
been available for about 15 years. \NTA surfaces, vegetation, or gravel) the different
Memoranda 6·1 and 6·2 have determined demands must be weighed against one an·
its basis of calculation since 2001 . DIN EN other and quantified. Testing done in the
15026 was established in 2007. The authors field led to advances in the analysis of ther·
of the Seven Golden Rules also recommend mal and hygric processes in weathered,
using such a planning tool when one of the heavy covering layers. But if one wants to
test the limits, further study is necessary be·
rules cannot be fulfilled and the Glaser
process is not applicable for the diffusion fore the results can be translated into rules
verification. In Switzerland the SIA already for calculation and a material data record for
182 Pr om Condensate for Flat Roo
otection fr f s of Wood 2012 0 2 DETAil

15 Required drying reserves with respect to a test of
the building tightness.
16 Lower-risk flat roofs, achieved wtth lhe help of
covering layers (e.g. lerrace planks or vegeta­
tion) or addltional lnsulallon above the boarding
corrplemented by a second layer of sealing.
17 Specific values for the building tightness in refer·
ence to cubic metres (n50 value} and the air per·
meability of the building envelope {� value} wrth
respect to A:V ratio.
18 Palh of moisture In the roof boarding of a flat roof
with respect to radiation absorpllon (a) and ar-
rangement of the insulating layers. Robert Sorsch·Laaks is a physicist, social scientist
Case under study: 320 mm mineral-fibre insula· and educator. In 1981 he co-founded the Cen t erfor
lion (A = 0<10 W/mK}, insulation distributed in two Energy and the Environmenl {EUZ) in Springe /Eidag­
layers: 240 80 mm; climate: Holzkirchen, Ger­
+ sen (Lower Saxony). He has been an independent
many (exterior); normal molslure load (Interior); consultant for building physics In Aachen since 1993.
q., = 3.0 m'/(h x m'); height of air compound: He is a university lecturer and holds continuing-edu­
7 m; variable vapour retarder. Note: according to cation coures.
s
www hplzhm tphysikd e it is acceptable, if, due
to the conditions at the strart (caJculations begin
October 1, wnh moisture balance of 80% relative
humidity), the wood-protection limit of 20% of the
mass Is surpassed during the first winter.

roof seal outer boarding

hygrothermic simulation. Particularly for roof the right "tools", planners will arrive at a suit­
separating layer thermal n
i sulation
assemblies in which these covering layers able building-physics solution for fully insu­ pressure-resistant between
are positioned directly atop the roof seal, lated, non-ventilated flat roofs in timber con­ additional structural members
insulation vapour retarder
with the current material data reoord - com­ struction. The Glaser process is only to a
roof seal inner boardi'lg
piled "on the safe side" - non-ventilated, fully certain degree of use - and in such cases
insulated green roofs only meet the require­ can only be employed when it can be veri­
ments under highly favourable cond�ions. fied that sufficient drying reserves are avail­ -- p-=-
able to deal with oonvective condensate. In­
Additional insulaion
t maybe beneficial telligent vapour retarders, light-toned roof
For sealing layers that are darker in tone membranes, shading, and covering layers
and not shaded, the return diffusion of the can only be properly taken into account by
summer season outweighs the formation of employing hygrothermic simulation in a dy­
condensation in the winter months. There­ namic computational diffusion balance.
16
fore, in this case additional insulation on top But even when the design process is car­
of the seals can result in a less favourable ried out conscientiously, the outer layers of
annual moisture balance (ill. 18}. wood assemblies allow little margin for er­
This turns around, however, when the radia­ ror. That is why on-site tests of air-tightness
tion gains are strongly diminished due to and the dryness of the wood and wood­ 'E 3,5
"
covering layers or shade. It such cases it is based products (immediately before an as­ .2
" 3,0
> ..,..
beneficial to arrange part of the insulation sembly is sealed) are urgently recommend­
above the boarding and seal (point of refer­ ed so that, should a dispute arise, the plan­ c
·�
2,5
q,. = 3m'/(hm')
v
ence: 20 to 25% of the overall insulation ner has the verification of the quality of the
,./
��---/
thickness). According to the experiences oonstruction work on hand. 2,0
made in Switzerland, with such an assem­ /
.. /�
bly, green roofs, too, not only can be veri­ 1,5
airtightness �-value drying
fied, but will also be a success in practice.
test ese
r rv e
s •
1,0
no > 5,0 m'/(h"m') " 250 g/(m''a)
Doubled seats holdup better

I
Aside from the results of the simulation, 0,5
yes .: 3 ,0 rn'/(h'm') " 150 g/m''a)
there is another reason to equip flat roofs,
0
as depicted in illustration 16, with additional 1 per year. caJculations using Glaser process
0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9
insulation above the sheathing: each layer
of insulation has a seal of its own, and two 15 17 A/V-ratio J11mJ
seals are better than one.
Particularly during installation, plastic seal­ * 30
"'
ing layers are at great risk of damage that
.,
"'
25
could lead to decomposition in the sheath­ .§.
"'
ing and structural members below (ill. 12). �

On the other hand, if the first sealing layer � 20

.,
0
directly atop the sheathing (which also J:l
.£ t5
serves as the temporary seal during con­
E
"'
struction) is combined with a seal that, upon E

I
completion, will be exposed to the elements 8 10
(e.g. on EPS insulation to falls), both can be
taken care of: a manageable vapour bal­ 5

ance and protection from damage to the

wood caused by water infiltration . 0

0 2 3 4 5
Conclusion - insulation, one layer, 320 mm, a = 0.8 - insulation, lwo layers, 240 + 80 mm, a = 0.8 nme (years)
Under certain oonditions and equipped with 18 - insulation, one layer, 320 mm, a = 0.3 - Insulation. tw o layers, 240 + 80 mm, a = 0.3
184
Timber Construction
Timber used for building's structure, screening, cladding and decking in wet climate location
Accoya wood from Accsys Technologies
was used for the cladding, decking and
screening of The Haven, a holiday home on
the Norfolk Broads, which combines a
dwelling, boathouse, garden and a new
mooring. Due to t he high probability of
flooding in the area, only materials that pos­
sess long-lasting durability and the ability to
cope with a wet climate would meet the de­
mands of the project. Project architect Lee
Burgess, of Norwich-based architects Lam­
bert Scott & Innes, specified Accoya as it is
claimed to be able to face the challenge of
being exposed to such condrtions Without
shrinkage or reduced performance and to
outperform even the best tropical woods in
these respects.
The unique, curved rear screen of the house
came about as a response to the flood
safety strategy. To avoid high flood levels
the ground floor would need to be just over
a metre above ground level to allow flood­
waters to flow underneath. As the client
wanted to be able to access the house via a
wheelchair (and baby buggies also had to
be taken into account!), a ramp was put in to
access the front door. This led to the idea of
a sculpt ural screen over the ramp and en­
trance that gave a sense of enclosure and
also smoothed the main house into the land­
scape. The shape of this rear screen and
main roof, forme d from curved glularns, was
inspired by the local context a bird's wing
in flight and also wind-blown re edheads
were the inspiraions.
t The boathouse form is
a more obvious interpretation and echoes
an upturned boat hull.
Green credentials are obviously very much
to the fore in this new-build. The U values
achieved on the walls and floors are said to
b e very close to Passivhaus standards (de­
scribed by the BRE as the fastest-growing
2012 0 2 DETAil
I Every1hing the practising professional needs to know
With increasing ecological awareness on the part of clients,
planners and the legislature, ti mber is again acquiring a greater
importance as a building material. The development and use of
new wood products and the introduction of stricter regulations
to ensure energy-saving forms of construction have completely
changed the face of timber building in recent years.
The present book provides readers with an overview of modern
timber construction and the products now in use.
energy performance standard in the world), • Whether a building is an example of craft carpentry work
and care was taken to seal properly around or is largely prefabricated in the workshop, all details are
openings to the faced elevations, for exam­ explained and illustrated by sectional drawings with keys
ple, to avoid air leakage. Looking for some article related to timber construction?
The book contains exhaustive information on wood products,
Hot water and underlloor heating Is con­ insulating materials and means of connection.
nected via a 9. 7 kW ground source heat • Manufacturers' information and details of available dimen­
pump connected to 3 x 50 m boreholes. sions - everything you need for economical planning
Electricity is produced by a 1.8 kW PI/ array, • Documentation of nine selected examples of wood fittings
and both photovoltaics and a heat pump are and finishings
located on and in the boathouse, which
functions as the energy centre for the main Timber Construction
Theoclo' Hugues. Lu<t.Y•g Sto•ger.
house. It is estimated the house will produce
JohaM WeO<l', 20()4
11.57 kg of C02per year per�- A sedum 112 pages. \¥
th ruTiefOUS
green roof provides a natural habitat for in­ <ta\¥ngsand�
sects and helps attenuate rainfall into the 21 x 29.7 em. Pap«bacl<.
IS8N 978-3-7643-7032-ll
surrolJ'lding river by holding water. €39.!10 I £ 33.20 I US$ 53.­
-
PQSiagelpadong -- --
Burgess commented that a sustainable
-
VAT 1appl�bo
,
-�-- --
- ---
-
--
building also means one that will last, and
the structural design of the house has been
--
executed to allow for maximum future flexi­
bility with no internal loadbearing partitions
and allowance made for a future platform
lift location in the utility and study areas. _.,..___
He concluded, "We wanted the project to be
\ 1·­
clad in timber as this worked with the local
\t
context, but I had concerns over timber in
such wet conditions. The stability, resilience
'�
and joinery quality finish of Accoya made it
the only choice. It is the first time the prac­ , I
tice has used Accoya and It is, I believe, the
largest use of Accoya on a sing le project in
the UK (we even used it for lhe decking), .._____......
......____
and the first UK Accoya glulam structure. _
..,
__ ____...
_____ .,
--...·-··-...
\
-
-- - ·-
--�
II has been a real success." ::?E..:::-...:�
:::-'5.:::::
::: :=:::
The Haven Project in Norfolk was named ��=�;-::
---
joint winner of the Residential Design of the
Year at the AlBA East S pirit of Ingenuity
Awards 2011 for projects and designs _,
based in Bedfordshire, cambridgeshire, Es­ Scroll online
sex, Hertfordshire, Norfolk and Suffolk.
through the book
o Accsys Technologies
United Kingdom
m +44 (0)1753 757500
wwwa
cco
ya
www.detail.delp-timber
CQfD
186 T i mber Constru ction
Solar shading for arts building
Students at the University of Reading's De­
partment of Film, Theatre and Television are
benefiting from the new £11 million Ming­
hella building, which features Timber Fin So­
lar Shading from Levolux. The two/three-sto­
rey building, named in honour of playwright,
screenwriter and director Anthony Minghella
CBE, who died in 2008, comprises a num­
ber of highly specialised, state-of-the-art
teaching and performance spaces arranged
around a bright central atrium. Facilrties in­
clude two large theatre spaces, a 70-seat
cinema, TV studio and a post-production
area.
The L-shaped building, designed by archi­
tects Stride Treglown, balances the need for
naturally lit communal and circulation areas,
to encourage social interaction, with the
need for critical acoustic separations be­
tween the various teaching and perfor­
ma nce spaces. To help achieve this, the
entrance area and internal walkways and
stairways leading from the central atrium are
all fed with natural daylight, from double­
height slit windows on exposed south and
east-facing elevations.
While natural light is desirable, it can lead to
excessive solar heat gain and to counter
this solar shading has been fixed externally,
arranged into vertical and horizontal panels
at first and second floor levels respectively.
Each Timber Fin, formed from Lunawood
treated timber, has a rectangular profile and
measures 200 mm wide and 50 mm thick.
The timber is naturally resistant to mould
and decay, is said to maintain its size and
shape even after prolonged exposure to ex­
treme environmental conditions, and over
time acquires an attractive silver grey pat­
ina. It is derived from sustainable sources,
with FSC certification.
0 Levolux
United Kingdom
m +44 (0)208 863 9111
www.reyolux.com
Extension to infant school
GML Construction has created what it de­
scribes as an ultra-sustainable building ex­
tension at Alexandra Infant School in Beck­
enham, Kent. The company provides com­
plete turnkey packages to suit client needs,
from preliminary site visits through scheme
design and submission of planning applica­
tions to construction and post-handover
management. It states that, in line with its
ethos of creating buildings that are aestheti­
cally pleasing while offering the benefits of
low energy in both construction and use, the
school eX1ension features a timber frame
and a sedum roof.
As well as boosting the building's thermal
and aooustic performance the sedum roof
will help create a natural environment for
wildlife and will also act as a learning focus
for the pupils. The school holds the Healthy
Schools status. The new building features
high-performance insulation and windows to
create a thermally efficient envelope. Exter­
nally, the £465,000 design and build
scheme features a mix of timber cladding
and render.
Siberian larch for the cladding was supplied
by CF Anderson Timber Products, chosen
from its range of softwood claddings from
certified sources, to achieve the hardwear­
ing finish required in this application, with
savings over its nearest competitor, western
red cedar. The school project, which saw
the demolition of an existing structure before
GML could start work on the new extension,
also involved the creation of new car park­
ing and a play area.
0 GML Construction Ltd
United Kingdom
m +44 (0)1622 742 746
gm
\MMN l
c on
stn
,ct
i
o nco'
* to meet a short construction period."
0 CF Anderson Timber Products Ltd
United Kingdom
m +44 (0)1206 215428
www.cfanderson.co.uk
2012 0 2 DETAil
Cross-laminated panels
Batterham Matthews Design has used Finn­
forest's Leno cross-laminated timber panels
for the roof of the Kingswood School Sports
Pavilion in Bath.
George Batterham of Batterham Matthews
Design commented: "The school has a
strong ethos regarding its effect on the envi­
ronment. This was a key factor in the specifi­
cation of the product. In addition, the prod­
uct needed to be both strong and visually­
appealing since it would be visible from the
inside of the building ."
Leno is an off-site engineered timber prod­
uct, which utilises spruce boards that are
machine-dried in the factory, finger jointed
and then glued together crosswise with a
minimum of three layers. The result is a
wooden core that is torsion-resistant and
offers inherent strength capabilities.
The panels were selected in a thickness of
81mm, and have provided a robust and
solid surface on to which the external roof
finish could be laid.
The panels are fully certified to PEFC stand­
ards, which demonstrates that the timber
used to produce the product is sourced
from well-managed and sustainable forests.
It also offers a range of other features in­
cluding its ability to achieve excellent ther­
mal insulation and sound proofing.
Kevin Riley, Vice President Construction In­
dustry for Finnforest said: ·Leno panels have
been instrumental for this project. They have
not only met the specification requirements
of strength, being aesthetically-pleasing and
environmentally-friendly, the panels have
also aided the contractor in terms of helping
0 Finnforest
United Kingdom
m +44 (0)845 601 2401
www.fjnoforest.CO,l!k
DETAil 2012 0 2
Glue-laminated earth sheltered structure for theme park
A building housing an indoor play area,
shop and cafe, forming part of the new
Peppa Pig World in Hampshire, has been
constructed mainly of glue-laminated timber
and was designed, manufactured and
erected by B&K Structures. The company
was contracted directly by the owners of
Paultons Family Theme Park - a well-known
destination for families with young children,
located on the edge ofthe New Forest.
B & K Structures worked in close co-opera­
tion with the project architects, HPW Pa rt­
nership, and project engineers, Wedgwood
Associates, while Knightwood Develop­
ments filled the role of project manager. The
specialist provider of engineered timber so­
lutions to a number of construction sectors
worked in close co-operation with the pro­
ject architects, HPW Partnership, and pro­
ject engineers, Wedgwood Associates,
while Knightwood Developments filled the
role of project manager. Pivotal to the suc­
cess of the design was finding a structural
solution that would offer large, open internal
spaces and carry the considerable loads of
a green roof, as well as providing the de­
sired aesthetics to meet the brief from Pault­
ons and Entertainment One, the latter being
the company that licenses the Peppa Pig
brand worldwide.
Harry Stafford, project architect for the HPW
Partnership, explained: "As specialists in
both leisure and retail, we were very con­
scious of the need for creating the right en­
vironment for the children using the build­
ing. The curved green roof not only alludes
to the hill on which Peppa Pig and her family
live in the series, but also works to mask the
southern aspect of the building from nearby
properties. "Internally we chose to specify
·soft' materials to avoid an industrial look in
the children's play area - so a glulam struc­
ture was always in our minds."
The outcome is a ground floor of 9,000 sq.
ft., plus two mezzanine floors for storage
and public use totalling 4,000 sq.ft. This has
been facilitated by the fabrication of glulam
and cross-laminated members, with spans
of up to 19.5 m.
Said chief engineer for Wedgwood Associ­
ates, Jonathon Pugh: •The structural design
was challenging in terms of supporting the
green roof, but through good co-operation
between the design team and B&K Struc­
tures, the most technically efficient and
cost-effective solution was reached."
Richard Mancey, managing director of
Paultons Family Theme Park, commented
that this new building housing the cafe, in­
door play area and Peppa Pig Shop fits per­
fectly within Peppa Pig World. •we wanted
something that was bespoke to Paultons
and away from the usual square steel struc­
tures that often houses this sort of attraction.
The huge exposed laminated beams, the
sweeping building lines, the grass roof and
the stunning glazed frontage combine per­
fectly to give us a contemporary and a
beautiful looking, iconic structure befitting of
a national attraction like Peppa Pig World."
0 B&K Structures
United Kingdom
m +44 (0)1773 853400
VvWWb
kts
.co
,uk
Timber Const
ru
ction 187
Bay window solution
Jeld-Wen has responded to demand from
customers by launching a structural bay
window solution.
This latest development sees the company
offering the option of structural steel rein­
forcement posts with any timber Sliding
Sash bay window system, as part of making
it easier for housebuilders to order all com­
ponents required to install bay windows
from one single source.
The Structural Bay system can be used to
carry structural loads of up to two tonnes
per oorner joint, for windows up to 1750 mm
high. It also includes a screw adjustment to
ensure an accurate fit for the bay window in
any given situation.
John Shaw, Production and Commercial Di­
rector at Jeld-Wen, said: "We are constantly
looking to enhance our offering to house­
builders and this latest addition to our range
will help to make the specifying and installa­
tion of bay windows much easier. We have
already had a great deal of interest from the
market and are looking forward to helping
customers to benefit from a much quicker,
user friendly system."
The company offers a range of timber bay
window designs from Oriel to Square and
Splay Bay designs. All its bay windows meet
with Part L building regulations, when cor­
rectly installed, and come with the option of
the company's 60 year guarantee on fully
finished, fully glazed softwood windows.
All the company's bay windows are FSC
Chain of Custody certified, which ensures
the sustainability of the sourced timber.
0 Jeld-Wen
Unrted Kingdom
m +44 (0)845 122 2890
\MNW.
Je!
d.We
o cot
tk
188 T i mber Constru ction
Timber infill panels
Elliott Off-Site Building Solutions has been
commissioned by East Norfolk Sixth Form
College to design and build a new canteen
and two-storey classroom block. The award
of this new contract continues a successful
relationship with the college that was estab­
lished in 2003.
During that time, the company has been
awarded three separate contracts, including
the current works, along with two further
classroom blocks and a sports hall, for a to­
tal of £7 million.
The classroom block will include 1 6 class­
rooms, toilets and office accommodation,
with the external elevations containing a
mixture of red brickwork and grey Kingspan
cladding to complement the existing build­
ings on the site.
It will include a covered walkway linking it to
the single-storey canteen, which will have
an open seating area with capacity for up to
1 00 people as well as a kitchen, servery, toi­
lets and storage provision. Both new build­
ings will be formed using a combination of
structural steel frame and timber infill pan­
els, with concrete floors throughout and will
have the same external appearance.
Once completed, the whole south-facing
vista of the college site will include the five
buildings constructed by Elliott Off-Site.
Business development manager David Jupp
explained, "We designed the buildings so
that they are in keeping with existing facili­
ties atthe school, whilst utilising all the ben­
efits of our off-site construction system.• The
company is able to act as concept designer
and principal contractor to ensure full com­
pliance with all legislative building require­
ments.
0 Elliott Off-Site Building Solutions
United Kingdom
m +44 (0)1274 863221
www,e))jottuk,com/off-sjte-buj)djng-so)utions
Sustainable Olympic cycling venue
The distinctive and elegant shape of the Vel­
odrome acts as a landmark to the site of the
London 2012 Olympic Games. Located in
the north of the Olympic Park, its double­
curved, timber-clad roof is a reflection of the
sloping 250 m track inside, while the struc­
ture is a synthesis of form and function
achieved with an economy of means and
materials. The building is said to be the
most sustainable venue in the Olympic Park
in terms of its design and construction, in­
cluding the use of FSC-certified timber for
both track and cladding and a naturally ven­
tilated system designed to provide a perfect
track-level temperature without air-condi­
tioning.
The structure wraps round the track, with a
glazed concourse allowing views on to the
track and over the park. The seating is split
into upper and lower levels so that the Velo­
drome will not feel so vast when par1ially oc­
cupied. Inside, the sloping track of Siberian
pine at low level, and the birch ply under­
side of the roof cassettes at high level, help
to create a sense of space and light.
Up to 6,000 spectators can be seated at the
Olympic and Paralympic Games, and after­
wards the venue will become a hub for ama­
teur cycling enthusiasts. A mountain bike
2012 0 2 DETAil
course and a road-cycle circuit will then be
added, as well as a cafe and other facilities.
The Siberian pine for the track, supplied by
Arnold Laver Timber World, was selected for
its high performance under different atmos­
pheric conditions and also for the fact that it
is available in long lengths. The company
additionally supplied redwood for trackside
timbers, as well as whitewood for the cycle
track trusses, and various panel products.
The shape of the roof helps to minimise vol­
ume and so reduce heating costs, and the
structure is designed to be as ligh tweight as
possible. Although early studies had sug­
gested that a more conventional steel struc­
ture would be cheaper, when the contractor
was appointed the team was able to re-ex­
amine the cost, programme and environ­
mental aspects of a number of different roof
forms. The cable-net root structure option
eliminated three months from the pro­
gramme, was £2 million cheaper and used
significantly less steel.
The facade comprises prefabricated timber
panels that span approximately 8 m be­
tween the primary steel trusses. They are
300 mm deep with a USB board and Alutrix
vapour membrane on the inside and a
Bitroc sheathing layer on the outside and
are filled with insulation. A series of western
red cedar shiplap boards are fixed to bat­
tens on the outside. The natural protection
from the elements that is provided by the
shape of the bowl is further enhanced by
the application of a coating ofTextrol oil to
help prevent weathering of the timber and to
maintain its colour for as long as possible.
0 Trada, United Kingdom
m +44 (0)1494 56960
wwwt
rad
aco1
ik
0 Arnold Laver Timber World, UK
m +44 (0) 1 708 529500
www.layer.co,uk
DETAil 2012 0 2
Sustainable alternative to tropical hardwood used as durable cladding for pier restaurant
The newest restaurant opening from interna­
tionally acclaimed chefs Terje Ness and
Rune Pal is the Onda in Oslo, which not only
has big ambitions tor Michelin-starred line
dining, but sets a high standard in its crea­
tive design and striking architecture, with
the use of Kebony, a sustainable alternative
to tropical hardwood, for the exterior clad­
ding. Meaning 'wave' in Spanish, Onda is
clad in an undulating wave of Southern Yel­
low Pine, which complements the marine
setting and is designed to evolve over time
to acquire a subtle silver-grey patina.
Project architects Alliance and MAPT chose
the product for its sustainable as well as
aesthetic qualities, reflecting the approach
to the project as a whole. It is environmen­
tally friendly, non-toxic and, of particular im­
portance in the harsh Norwegian climate,
manufactured to be durable, resistant to de­
cay, easy to maintain and cost effective in
use. It is based on a process where sustain­
able wood is made harder and more stable,
using liquids from biowaste material.
Built on the Tingvalla pier in the historic ma­
rina port of Aker Brygge, the new restaurant
is a distinctive structure formed of four coni­
cal shapes, all of which have a different
slope and angle, to form an organic-looking
exterior wave. The wood cladding is com­
bined with a mix of contrasting materials in­
cluding a simple sheer glass facade and
galvanized steel gratings.
The technology behind the product, called
Kebonization, is a patented process de­
signed to enhance the properties of wood.
Through an environmentally friendly pro­
cess, wood species such as maple, pine
and beech are impregnated with a patented
mixture based on furfuryl alcohol, a liquid
produced from agricultural crop waste. After
impregnation the liquid reacts within the
wood fibres to permanently strengthen and
stabilise the wood, and protect it against bi­
ological decay. Additionally, as Kebony is
not treated with preservatives, if and when it
does need to be replaced and disposed of,
this can be done without environmental im­
plications.
The company has been recognised lor its
green credentials, being named as one of
the world's most promising clean technol­
ogy companies in the Global Cleantech 100
both in 2010 and 201 1 . This list of compa­
nies is published as a joint venture between
The Guardian newspaper and the Cleantech
Group to be a true representation of global
innovation and private company creation.
\
Timber Const
ru
ction 189
Around the world, says The Guardian, clean
technology is seen as a way to drive eco­
nomic growth, from making biofuels out of
algae to producing concrete that absorbs
carbon dioxide, and the Top 1 00 is a com­
prehensive list of the sectors, businesses
and ideas at the forefront of the clean tech­
nology revolution. Kebony has also received
the official Nordic ecolabel, The Swan,
within the category 'Durable wood for out­
door use', and the Norwegian national prize
lor sustainable consumption and production
- the Glass Bear.
A recent study by Norwegian environmental
consulting firm Bergfald & Co is said to have
demonstrated Kebony maple to be a suita­
ble substitute for unsustainable Burmese
teak in maritime and other applications, with
a substantially lower carbon footprint. Its
high density and exceptional quality en­
sures it is resistant to wear and weathering
without the need lor any expensive and en­
vironmentally damaging chemical treat­
ments, claims the company.
As well as its suitability for exterior cladding,
other uses include decking, flooring, roof­
ing, windows and indoor and outdoor furni­
ture, on projects such as health spas, high­
profile yacht builds and lor private resi­
dences and public sector projects.
The director of marketing for Kebony Jan
Terje Nielsen, commented: "Onda is a very
exciting addition to Oslo's popular marina.
We are delighted that Alliance Architects
and MAPT chose Kebony's innovative clad­
ding product to envelop the magnificent ex­
terior of this high-profile restaurant, not only
making an important environmental stance
but one based on both aesthetics and prac­
ticality."
0 Kebony
United Kingdom
m +44 (0)1245221711
wwwk
ebo
nyco
m
190
Windows and Doors
Sandwich of low-e-coated glass and wood for facade
Having been awarded the contract to build
an open and modem building for the Annan­
berg Public Policy Center (APPC), the com­
munication science institute of the University
of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, architects
Maki and Associates have designed a com­
pact block made completely of glass.
Founded in 1740, the University campus is a
green oasis in the center of West Philadel­
phia. More than 150 buildings from various
eras are loosely distributed between tall, old
trees.
The design of the new building had to sat­
isfy two condrtions: Firstly, it had to integrate
ham1oniously into the existing building envi­
ronment, and, secondly, the client wanted
the architects to reflect the research focal
points of the APPC - communication, media,
and public order.
Architect Fumihiko Maki from Tokyo and his
team have designed a cubic building block
consisting of four storeys which includes of­
fices, conference rooms, broadcast facili­
ties, a three-level atrium and a 200-person
hall for lectures, receptions and presenta­
tions. Offices and function rooms are ar­
ranged in a ring in the outer areas of the
buildings, while the center is a three-storey
atrium. This connects all levels of the APPC,
from the function hall on the ground floor to
the lounge on the upper floor. This, it is in­
tended, is to create communicative visibili1y
between the research sectors and flexible,
useable areas.
Manifesting the design theme of 1ranspar­
ency' not only in the interior but for the ma­
jority of the exterior, the building shell has
been conceived completely of glass. How­
ever, as glass is considered to be cool and
sober, the architects have added wood to
the facade in some areas to visually add
warmth.
The architects have used Okawood func­
tional glass from Okalux and Okawood insu­
lating glass with timber grids of alder for
both of the stairwells located at the facade.
The glass panel comprises single-pane se­
curity glass on both the outside and the in­
side with a slatted timber insert in between.
Tinted daylight enters the room through the
grid, while the timber inserts serve as a
screen and glare protection. As the panels
are filled with inert gas and the interior pane
is coated with a low-e coating, the glass ele­
ments have good heat insulating values.
Okawood insulating glass makes up a total
of 74 sqm of the stairwell facade.
The large function hall located on the lower
floor was also to be given a special appear­
ance. To achieve this, the architects again
used Okawood, but instead of a grid, se­
lected a timber veneer of maple for the cav­
ity between the panes. The client requested
that only wood from a specially selected
American maple tree be used for the facade
elements. In addition, precise optical re­
quirements were laid down concerning the
wood grain. Okalux was able to meet all
these requirements.
0 Okalux, Germany
m +49 (0) 7071 234 1 6
www
o k
al
ux.
com
2012 0 2 DETAil
Bespoke roof windows
Bespoke roof windows were supplied by
Fakro as part of the restoration of the Pio­
neers' Museum in Rochdale.
Architects Loop Systems selected the FTP-V
roof window to replace eight old rooflights,
set within a traditional stone slate roof (pic­
tured) as part of the reinstatement of the top
floor, which had been removed in the 70s.
The existing stone slate roof was stripped
and re-laid and Fakro's EZJ flashing was
used to provide the necessary flush window
profile. The mid-Victorian building's location
within a conservation area led also to the
specification of a double mullion bar. All
flashings are manutactured using aluminium
as standard, permanently protected with a
polyester vamish. The standard colour is
brown RAL 7022, which matches well with
most roofing finishes.
For developments involving buildings with
either Listed status or in a conservation
area, most Fakro roof windows are available
in conservation style and can be installed to
sit neatly within the roof line.
For the redevelopment of Berkswell Home
Farm's Victorian Grade II Listed stable
block, roof windows had to be set in a clay Designed by architects Stanton Williams, the elegant freestanding glazed extension to the
plain tiled roof, again flush within the roof­ Grade 11• Listed offices of Wiltshire Council, Bourne Hill, was designed to achieve an 'excellent'
line. BREEAM rating thanks in large measure to its highly insulated Schueco FW 50+ SG fa<;;ade.
This also incorporates a design 'first', a window that operates automatically behind a feature
All the company's roof windows are made
grill lying flush with the glass, which allows the fa9ade to be ventilated 'invisibly'.
using close-grain redwood pine and have
Developed by Schueco and Stanton Williams, this innovation has since created much interest
sleek frames with their operating handle in
amongst other architects. Another example of Schueco's Energy3 concept in action.
the base of the sash. They provide a mini­
mum U-value of 1 .4W/rn2K while the topSafe w
w ws
c b
uec
oco.
u k
ENERGV3
system provides a minimum standard of se­
curity and safety of EN13049 Class Ill. In
addition to double and triple-glazed options,
a quadruple-glazed window is also available Saving, Genomting & Netwo<l<ong Enorgy
with a U-value of 0.58W/m'K.
0 Fakro, United Kingdom
m +44 (0)845 021 3030
wwyy
.
fa lsr
o c
o u
k
Green Technology for the Blue Planet
Clean Energy from Solar and Windows
192 Windo1NS and Doors
Bottom-rolling hardware solution for timber sliding doors
Brio, the sliding and folding hardware manu­
facturer, has designed its Timberoll range of
bottom-rolling hardware to offer a solution
for fixing timber sliding doors.
Timberon 25 is designed for residential or
light commercial sliding wood-framed
glazed or flush, bi-passing cupboard or
cabinet and wardrobe sliding doors. Tim­
beroll 100 is an external bottom-roller sliding
window and door hardware system for maxi-
mum panel weights up to 100 kg and is
suited for large sliding windows or patio
sliding doors with timber-framed glazed
panels up to 2.4 m high and 1.8 m wide.
Timberoll 170 is ideally suited for patio
doors with timber-framed glazed panels and
slides on two bogie rollers rebated into the
base of each door panel. The Timberoll 200
design also features a side adjustment
screw located at a convenient height to ac­
commodate 23 mm stops used on timber
Acousl c Frre & Smoke Seals
2012 0 2 DETAil DETAil 2012 0 2
Folding glass doors open up the facade giving connection to the outside
joinery for easy adjustment. Timberoll 300 is Solarlux windows and doors have been
designed specifically for exterior commer­ used for several distinctive features of the
cial sliding doors up to 300 kg with wood­ two-storey Lakeshore House near Potsdam,
framed, glazed or flush sliding parti
t ions Germany. On entering the site, the facade,
and patio doors. Any number of doors can which has a north-east orientation, presents
be used on single or multiple lines of rail. a predominantly closed face. ·1 n contrast to
the closed entrance facade, the face of the
o Brio lakefront side of the house is wide open to
United Kingdom the surrounding nature," says the house's
m +44 (0)191 2291224
kcom
architect Katrin Oggesen of archibaldbiiro
wwwbrj o
u Berlin. Floor-to-ceiling SL 80 elements were
H I - LOAD - H inges2
RAVEN ble Action Pivots &
e ency Releases
installed in the living area on the ground
floor and also in the large bedroom upstairs.
They open across their entire width and can
be 'parked' neatly to the side. On the
ground floor four metre wide, three metre
high folding glass doors were used. They
create a threshold-free transition from in­
doors to outdoors and connect the living
space with the patio outside. Behind the
seating area, a four-element folding glass
door and four-element fixed glazing were
Windows and Doors 19<l
installed at parapet height. The double glaz­
ing has a heat transfer rate of Ug = 1.1 W/
m2K. Even when closed, on colder days, the
folding glass doors are transparent enough
to convey a sense of connection to the out­
side and stunning views of the lake.
0 Solarlux Aluminium Systeme GmbH
Gem1any
m +49 (0)5402-400-0
,solari!!Xde
www
HI-LOAO'M Hinges
194 Windo1NS and Doors 2012 0 2 DETAil DETAil 2012 0 2 Windows and Doors 1 95

Curtain walling Revolving entrance system Hinges for glass Aluminium walling suite for award winning city centre regeneration in Wakefield

Evelyn Grace Academy in Brixton, south
London, the first completed project in Eng­
land by award-winning architect Zaha
Hadid, is a visually stunning building which
includes large areas of insulated curtain­
walling, rain-screen cladding and window
systems from building envelope and solar
products company, Schueco UK.
Commissioned by Absolute Return for Kids
(ARK) Schools, and completed by main
contractor Mace, the academy has been
designed as two schools, Evelyn and
Grace, each subdivided into a Middle and
A four wing revolving entrance system from
Tormax combined with an iMotion automatic
swing side door, provides easy and efficient
access for all visitors to Kent County Coun­
cils' new Ashford Gateway building. The
Ashford Gateway building incorporates
many facilities under one roof including the
local library, adult education classes, tour­
ism centre, information on voluntary ser­
vices, a civil wedding ceremony venue as
well as a cafe.
Representing a sustainable solu1ion, the
doors are driven by the latest technology,
Architectural hardware manufacturer, Royde
& Tucker is extending its portfolio to include
a new range of hinges for frameless glass
door panels.
Frameless glass doors are becoming a pop­
ular specification choice for a more contem­
porary and stylish look, as well as to create
lighter and airier spaces.
Recognising the need for sleek, modern
hinges to complement these glass frames,
Royde & Tucker has extended its Hi-Load
hinge range.
An award-winning city centre regeneration
project in Wakefield, West Yorkshire is one
of the first applications of a new addition to
Technal's MX aluminium curtain walling
suite - the MX62 option developed to ac­
commodate larger dimensions and maxim­
ise natural light. Designed by Carey Jones
Chapmantolcher, the first phase of the £1 40
million Merchant Gate development is lo­
cated in the heart of Wakefield's historic
Civic Quarter and has created a vibrant new
centre for business, leisure and living. Five liance on artificial lighting. A maximum
high-specification buildings and a muHi-sto­ weight of 600 kg per transom can be speci­
rey car park feature more than 2,600 sq.m fied, compared to up to 400 kg for the
of the facade systems, fabricated and in­ standard visible grid system. It is available
stalled by Dortech Architectural Systems. in three mullion/transom sizes of 80, 140
The curtain walling was used for the ground and 200 mm.
floor retail units on each block, achieving
large unsupported spans of up to 4.5 m. 0 Technal
The company's latest product option ena­ United Kingdom
bles architects and contractors to specify m +44 (0)1924 232323
even larger sizes of glass to help reduce re- www
t
e chnalc
ouk

You r acoustic - HENSON"

Upper School. The result is that the combining longevity with optimum operation
1 200-pupil academy adheres to the chari­ to ensure low energy consumption at all The new addition consists of both two
ty's 'small schools within a school' philoso­ times. Tonnax 5201 Universal operator, knuckle lift off and three knuckle fixed pin

venti lati o n s o l ution

phy. Evelyn and Grace are separate
branches, with both an upper and lower di­
vision, creating four schools - each with
their own identity- within the same building.
While the layout of the building reflects this
arrangement, all the separate internal
spaces have been equipped with high lev­
els of natural light and ventilation.
The central spaces shared by the schools
are large and light-filled, with floor-to-ceiling
glazed curtain-walling. In the classrooms
drives the revolving door and offers low
maintenance operation combined with a
high level of functionality. Minimising heat
loss from the building, whilst maintaining the
internal ambient temperature, a self-explan­
atory menu on the service computer allows
door speed to accurately reflect external
weather conditions, as well as changing lev­
els of foot traffic. Giving visitors an alterna­
tive access rou1e, the au1omatic swing door
incorporates the iMotion 1301 synchronous
motor. Designed at the Tormax research
versions, each manufactured in stainless
steel for a clean and sharp look. The range
of hinges can accommodate frameless
Creating healthy spaces
glass doors up to 120 kg as standard, or as
part of a custom-built service, all with preci­
sion laser cut components representing the
latest in design and function.
Sonoslot®
Hi-load hinges have been designed for lon­
• Self-regulating acoustic slotvent kit
gevity as a fit-and-forget solution because
• Maximum airflow of 12.4 m3/h/m at
the hinges do not wear, will not fail and re­
2 Pa
quire no maintenance, says the company.
•

the inclines of the walls give appropriately­
scaled definition and character.
In this context, the creative use of glazing is
headquarters in Switzerland, iMotion tech­
nology is entirely wear-free, delivering out­
standing reliability yet requiring only minimal
maintenance over its life, says the company.
(C;C) up to 38 (0;0) dB
Sound reduction in open position
Plus their construction creates exceptionally
low resistance to door opening/closing and o•.•.w
importantly, ensures a high level of perfor­
mance throughout the hinge's lifetime, re­

obviously crucial and the Schueco systems
are to be found at all levels, lighting stair­
wells and walkways as well as classrooms,
staff-rooms and infonnal work-spaces. The
systems were installed by contractor Mc­
Mullen Architectural and comprise Schueco
FVV 60+ capped curtain-walling, FVV 60 SG
facades and AWS 102 SG windows, all de­
livering the low U-values necessary for the
building to meet the stringent energy-saving
requirements of Part L.
Incorporating an intelligent micro-processor
control system, door movement is continu­
ously being monitored and adapted to mini­
mise energy consumption.
Suitable for a range of different locations in­
cluding retail ou11ets, restaurants and office
buildings, the revolving door system is often
used when space is limited as it has a par­
ticularly narrow header profile, requiring just
140 mm installation depth.
Sonovent®
sulting in a 25-year performance guarantee.
Simon Gardiner, Sales and Marketing Direc­
• Self-regulating (class P3) ventilator
tor at Royde and Tucker, said: "Royde &
• Maximum airflow of 96.3 m3/h/m at
Tucker is pleased to launch its newest addi­
2 Pa
tion to the portfolio, which recognises the
• Sound reduction in open posistion
(C;C) up to 56 (·2;·6) dB
specification trend for frameless glass
D•.• w
doors. We are committed to providing solu­
tions that meet the needs of our customers
and we will continue to develop our portfolio
of products in order to do this."

0 Schueco UK, United Kingdom 0 Tormax UK, United Kingdom 0 Royde & Tucker, United Kingdom
RENSON<!> Fabrications LTD • Fairfax 1-5 • Bircholt Road • Parkwood Industrial Estate • Maidstone • Kent • ME15 9SF

m +44 (0)1908 282111 m +44 (0)1932 238040 m +44 (0) 1462 444444 Tel: 01622/754123 • Fax : 01622/689478 • Fax : 01622/689479 • n
jfo
@ re
nsn
oukn
et w
wwre
nso
ney •

www.schueco,com www
.Tor
m a
xc.
ouk www.ratman.co.uk
196 Winclows and Doors
Custom features for old post office
When a 1970's bungalow in Derby was
bought with a view to being transformed Into
a magnificent eight bedroom home, careful
attention to detail and finishes was essential.
Random House exends to approximately
8,000 square feel, and having been the for­
mer post office. ensuring the property seam­
lessly blended in with neighbouring, tradi­
tional fronted buildings was paramount.
"It was imperative the windows and doors
were of the highest specification, renecting
the quality and elegant character or the
property and complementing its surround­
ings, comments Gary Lodge, at Bellbrooke
Developments Limrted, Nottingham.
Black Millwork provided over 50 windows
and doors as well as exceptional bespoke,
feature windows for the front and back of
the property. The company was able to real­
ise the owner's vision through creative fen­
estration for an impressive, tall feature win­
dow by the stairs at the front of the house to
attract light into the house, and one at the
back.
The company custom-made six large
frames to form a triangular shape to give a
unique stamp and a feeling of exclusivity.
The feature window successfully gives the
house curb side appeal, with a thoroughly
modern twist. Black Millwork was tully in­
volved in the design for the two striking win­
dow features, giving advice and support for
wind load, as the location does suffer from
strong wind and also for structural support,
in terms of the steel joists needed to hold
the considerable weight of glass.
Bellbrook Contractors also specified ap­
proximately 30 Andersen 400 series Wood-
1M'ight Sliding Sash windows for the build, all
with slender profiles and glazing bars. The
elegant, small profiles give a less obtrusive
view, allowing for more tight and the illusion
of a large, seamless oullook.
In add�ion, a selection of Andersen 400 Se­
ries Casement Windows, Andersen 400 Se­
ries French Doors, Andersen Ftexiframe,
Black Millwork Folding Sliding Door Alumin­
Ium finish and Black Millwork Fixed Case­
ment windows were installed, all designed
to complement the other, even when fitted
side by side. The particular products were
chosen from Black Millwork's portfolio to fit
the desired style of the house, being tradi­
tional exterior from the front, but highly con­
temporary from the back. The folding sliding
doors that run along the entire width of the
house opening out to the garden.
All of the windows and doors possess excel­
lent energy performance levels and low
maintenance costs. They feature Parma­
shield, an innovative system, which protects
the exterior of a window for decades, elimi­
nating the need to paint, resulting in signifi­
cant financial savings. Other key features
such as High-Performance"" Low-E4"' self­
cleaning glass, with optimum UV filtration
and noise reduction, were also an important
benefrt for the property.
0 Black Millwork
United Kingdom
m +44 (0)1283 511122
www
b la
clgn
il
l'f&d<
co.
uk
2012 0 2 DETAil
Ti m b e r
u c t.
i o n The state-of-the-art reference wor1< on timber construction
Constr
for architects and engineers
The functional efficiency ofmodern timber structures is sbll
l
underestimated. A close collaboration between architects
M a n u a and engineers is necessary in this area - more so than in
almost any other field of architecture. The aesthetic quality
of exposed timber structures can have a great effect on
the architectural form of a building, just as architectural
design concepts have a major influence on the form of the
Passivhaus tilt and turn
structure. Both aspects are treated in depth in this
comprehensive standard work.
These days, sustainable building systems
and materials are specified in every element
• More than 4,000 detail drawings
of the build from foundations to roofs, walls
• The main planning principles clearly presented ­
to windows, all of which are expected to In­
from building physics to fire protection
corporate the latest low-energy technolo­
• From simple beam construction to complex lattice shells
gies.
• The wide range of structural systems in use Is Illustrated
by more than 70 extensively documented examples
Mumford & Wood offers a range of Contem­
porary tilt turn products that reach Pas­
sivhaus standards. The company's tilt tum
window sections are available triple-glazed
and alu-clad. These products admit more
energy to a building than escapes it. This Timber Construction Manual
Jubus Nane<er. Wolfgang Wntet,
criterion is one of six buitdong standards laid
Thomas Herzog. Roland Scl'llvtl<t1et
down in the Passivhaus specification and and MehaeiV�l. 2008. 2lld ·�
ensures a budding has very low energy and ed>t<>n. 375 pages ,..u. approx.
4,000 &awngs, 32 coeur pl<ltes
heating requirements.
and ....,.,ouscolou<ed luSirat>OnS,
23 x 29.7 ern Harclc:ol<et. --
-�
Mumford & Wood's Passivhaus Institute ISBN 97&3-7643·7025-1 --
-- �-
€ 120.- / £ 100.-/ US$ 159.­ - :=- ­
J=-
(RPHO)-certified systems achieve a l.vhote - -- -- �--- ::::
�
-
poSiagelpae.ong
window (U-window) U-value of tess than -VAT, •I IIPP'>Cai>O
•
0.8 W/m'lJ<. which has been verified using --- -----
�
�-
EN 10077. Triple-glazed contemporary
\
products, which Include tilt turn, atu-clad
windows and doors, and sliding, lift and ·=:--
::: �-
"
\
slide and bi fold doors, provide a G-value of
51 the percentage that indicates how much
solar energy passes from the outside to the
inside, this being the required design meas­
urement for both SAP and PHPP software. .·
Chris Brunsdon, sales & marketing director
--
for Mumford & Wood, says: While our triple -·-
glazed products provide good solar gain in
the cooler season, it Is Important to discour­
age overheating in the summer with appro­
priate shading. Our triple glazed products
use a timber frame made from premium
quality engineered timber as the primary
material. This provides good structural
strength and low thermal activity. Our alu­
clad option has similar frame sizes and this Scroll online
composrte construction is responsible for through the book
maontaining the U-window value.·
0 Mumford & Wood, United Kingdom
m +44 (0)1621 818155
wwwmum
lor
dwoo
c
t com
www.detail.de/.em-timber
198 2012 0 2 DETAil

Insulation

Systems that can be used in many different ways

Thermally efficient solution for riverside gallery
Designed by architect David Chlpperfield
and built by main contractor Laing
O'Rourke, the 5,000 m2 Hepworth Wakefield
Gallery sits on a prominent site at the head
of the fast flowing River Calder. The two-sto·
rey building is formed from a conglomera­
tion of 1 0 individually sized trapezoidal
shaped blocks, responding to the scale and
rooflines of the surrounding small scale In·
dustrial buildings.
The steel framed concrete building has
been designed to withstand the impact of a
fast flowing river and as such the walls had
to be reinforced to almost reservoir stand­
walls of the steel framed building fitted
between the external concrete walls and
internal block walls. Available in a range
of thicknesses from 50 mm to 100 mm
and a standard board size of 1 ,200 mm x
2400 mm, they are easy to cut to fit using
hand tools, which aids a speedy applica·
tion.
Made from PIR (polyisocyanurate) with foil
facers for improved emissivity, Celotex
GA4000 and FF4000 both achieve an excel­
lent lambda of 0.022W/mK, a figure vali·
dated by the British Board of Agrement.
Floating comfort
A project to transfonm a tired barge into the
Vine Trust charity headquarters has secured
a Glasgow Institute of Architects Award for
Education. The Vine Trust is an international,
interdenominational, volunteering charity
which seeks to enable volunteers to make a
real and significant difference to some of the
poorest children and communities in the
world.
The barge, at a permanent mooring in Leith,
will accommodate Trust staff as well as act·
ing as a teaching base to educate school·
children about the plight of some of the
poorest commlX!oties in South America.
for efficient building
Architects have always planned and built using construe
tion systems consisting of a few identtcal elements with a
focus on more effici ent and economocal construction pro­
gress and possible subsequent dismanUing or modification.
Prefabricated systems of components that can be com­
bined with each other and with modem planning and pro­
duction methods will be an increasingly important aspect of
architecture in the future.
'Components and Systems' describes various prefabricated
construction components and open and closed systems in
the context or frame, panel and modular construction meth·
ods. lnfom1ation on transpoot and installation and a preview
or future building methods round out the topic. Explanations
are supplemented by detailed drawings and colour photos.
• An overview of the most important systems; from
sub-assembled elements and components, through
open and closed systems, up to installation methods
• Detailed construction methods and Installation
techniques for systems made of wood, steel,
concrete and plastics
Components and Systems
• Applications of systems showing examples that
G&'ad Slao. Anc7eas Ootmoler,
Markus Aosenll>a 2006. have been built
•

2•0 pages, wlh man) • New technologies for the 21 st centi.J'Y

ard. The gallery walls Hoat 30 milfimetres
above the floor, so hidden supports had to
be constructed to support the magnesrte
floor.
In a building with such high tolerances, heat
loss would be high without a thenmally effi·
cient solution. So when it came to floor insu·
lation, 50 mm thick Celotex FF4000 was laid
These products have been independently
assessed by BRE Global and confirmed as
having a low environmental impact, through
Its BRE Approved Environmental Profile.
The bold lines and modern architecture of
the striking new Hepworth Gallery will be a
fitting home for an outstanding collection of
British art and will including original sculp·
Rockwool products were selected to insu­ IUstrabons and g-aph cs.
late the roof and the onternal construcon.
it 23 X 29.7 C'TL HardcoYer.
ISBN 978-3-7643-a65&6
E79.90/£66.50/US$ 1116.­ --
Aexi insulation was installed in the internal
partitions as well as below the deck area to
+ PQSlagelpack<ng
+ VAT, hpphcaoe -
-------
provide a comfortable Indoor climate. The
patented flexi·edge allowed it to be tightly
fitted between frames to Improve energy ef·
ficiency and keep heating bills down. The

\I
on the structural base then covered in tures by the gallery's namesake, Barbara company's Tapered Roofing system to­
,;....- .. ...... -- .,..,.
..�.

poured concrete. Designed for use in inter· Hepwor1h. gether with a waterproof Samafll membrane '
nal underfloor heating applications, it is was used to insulate the roof. 'The main otJ
available in a broad range of thicknesses 0 Celotex challenge was very limited space in the roof
from 50 mm, 125 mm and in a board size of United Kingdom to tit the insulation. Rockwool provided U·
1 200 mm x 2400 mm. Celotex GA4000 a ll: +44 (0) 1473 822093 value calculations so that the product used
thickness of 75 mm was used in the cavity \MMNc
elo
texc
o1Jk was of optimum thickness, and generally
advised on the best possible solution,• said
�. -v
- .. ;;::;::' ·
• =: .:;;:
_..
,. ::.
Neil Harper, project architect at Archial. ;:;:�.. ..-

....
The former MOD vessel has been refitted -:
with a new glass and timber construction to
-· -
house teaching areas, a cinema, exhibition
space and multi-purpose outdoor perfor­ �
...
..
'�t(' "'�' •

:.1
..
mance stage. ,,<·. •

� '•)�. ..�
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., -·
The Trust has two other refitted MOD ves­ ..; ,
; .._
...__
___.....
sels operating as floating medical centres Scroll online
on the Amazon River. through the book

o Rockwool
United Kingdom
m +44 (0) 1656 862621 lnsll8Jifuernema"""'*'Nti'Olei�GmbH
<U &Co KG· f'llsltach 20'05A ·80010-· GERMANV ·T: +49 89381621H) · F: ..
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www.detail.de/components
200 I nsul ation
Advanced building membranes for air-tight thermally efficient holiday homes
While the charm of a beach house is unde­
niable, even the most beautifully con­
structed designs, such as those by Lissett
Homes for a seaside leisure park operated
by The Haulfryn Group, must withstand the
harsh realities of a coastal climate. And, as
with permanent dwellings, in today's climate
of sustainability a quality construction must
also aim for both optimal energy efficiency
and indoor comfort.
Therefore the newest holiday homes at The
Warren in Abersoch, Gwynedd, benefit from
an airtight, thermally efficient, weatherproof
envelope achieved with the use of ad­
vanced membranes from DuPont Building
Innovations.
In fact, the specifications for these chalets
exceed the regulations for holiday home
construction, aiming for the highest stand­
ards of sustainability, reliability and comfort.
The Haulfryn Group has developed some 15
new residential parks with quality accommo­
dation and comprehensive onsite facilities
across the UK in popular holiday locations.
The 'holistic' overview was for the building
envelope to work in harmony with features
such as a heat recovery system and this
involved the optimising combination of
Tyvek breather membranes (in two different
types) and AirGuard air and vapour control
layer to create a durable barrier against
wind, water and interstitial condensation.
The lightweight timber frame structures were
assembled and sealed off site and delivered
to Haulfryn ready for interior finishing and
external landscaping.
Enercor Roof and Reflex Wall (both metal­
lised breather membranes for high reflectiv­
ity and very low emissivity) are claimed to
offer excellent protection against radiant
heat loss in winter and excessive gains in
summer, and to be reliably watertight while
allowing any trapped interstitial vapour to
diffuse through the unique membrane struc­
ture. This is due to the composition of mil­
lions of microfibres that are bonded together
to make a 'maze' that is impermeable to
moisture and yet allows water vapour to
pass through the natural pores in its struc­
ture. The products were used in partnership
with AirGuard, a metallised layerwith even
lower emissivity, which prevents air and va­
pour leakage from the interior into the struc­
ture, these products are designed to signifi­
cantly enhance the integrity and thermal
perlormance of a building.
2012 0 2 DETAil
'
'
'
',
',,
-.
AirGuard is a metallised vapour control layer
which is 100% airtight and protects against
moisture penetration from the interior into
the building envelope. With high reflectivity
and very low emissivity it also helps to pre­
vent radiant heat loss. AirGuard works to­
gether with other membranes and special
tapes and sealants to create an air-tight
building envelope, minimising internal ther­
mal losses and helping to create a more
comfortable interior environment, while offer­
ing energy savings of up to 15 %.
Although sophisticated in terms of technol­
ogy, both DuPont Tyvek and AirGuard are
lightweight and simple to install.
Lissett Homes specialises in custom-built
leisure accommodation in an extensive
range of styles that are suitable for use as
park and holiday homes, or as second
homes for the weekend, as a summer cot­
tage or for a winter break. The company
also has an extensive modular build knowl­
edge, which means it can produce special­
ist buildings such as single- and multi-sto­
rey, high-spec office accommodation, relo­
catable homes and bespoke properties.
Speaking about The Warren, Lissett's head
of operations Andy Prescott said: "Using this
advanced combination of membranes within
the construction for this type of build is a
first and will create a lodge that outperlorms
most new-build houses, while creating a
stylish, efficient, low-carbon building with all
the luxuries one would expect at such a
prestigious site as The Warren."
While most of this technology will be out of
sight for relaxing holidaymakers, the bene­
fits will be felt in terms of greater enjoyment
of the property, and also for its long-term
economy and sustainability.
0 DuPontTyvek
United Kingdom
m +44 (0)1275 337 660
wwyy,tyyek,co,uk
DETAil 2012 0 2
Recycled glass for Maritime wing
Insulation for the rooftop terrace of the new
Sammy Ofer Wing, a £35 million extension
to the National Maritime Museum, has been
delivered by a system consisting of 68% re­
cycled glass. Material quality and perlor­
mance was key to the design specification
of this high-profile project at the heart of the
Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site.
The Foamglas Tapered Roof System by
Pittsburgh Corning was specified for its
guaranteed thermal perlonnance for the life­
time of the building.
This high-perlonnance insulant is produced
by heating crushed recycled glass to form a
solid slab with millions of hennetically
sealed glass cells creating a light and
strong insulation material. Retaining all the
key properties of glass, the material is im­
pervious to the effects of liquid, moisture
and water vapour. It will not burn, support
combustion or give off smoke, and it is re­
sistant to attack by chemicals and vermin.
Described as an economical alternative to
screed-to-fall systems, it is available in a
range of standard falls and supplied cut to
shape for quick, efficient installation.
Alasdair Travers, of executive architects
Purcell Miller Tritton, said of the project:
"This is a spectacular building, the quality of
which needed to reflect its heritage setting.
The decision to use the Foamglas system
was made on the basis of its excellent insu­
lation properties and, equally importantly, its
fit-and-forget longevity." The insulated ter­
race leads out from the museum's new res­
taurant and offers views over Greenwich
Park. Treasures housed in the new wing in­
clude Captain Cook's handwritten journals
and personal items that survived the sinking
of RMS Titanic.
0 Pittsburgh Corning
United Kingdom
m +44 (0) 1 1 8 950 0655
wwwfoamglas,co,uk
111!!1!11-•WIII!-'!'1!111
30 calculation model support for school project
Knauf Insulation's technical support and
three-dimensional calculation models
helped to meet the challenging U-value
needed for the external walls of CTC King­
shurst Academy in Birmingham, as part of a
C10.5 million project. The aim was to enable
the academy to bring together a range of
departments within purpose-built, modern
teaching accommodation.
In tenns of the insulation, the brief for sub­
contractors EHS Roofing was to find a flexi­
ble product that could meet the demanding
U-value of 0.22 W/m2K for the external walls.
The key to Knauf securing the project was
its ability to provide in-depth technical sup­
port, including complex heat flow modelling
calculations. The three-dimensional calcula­
tion support service, provided by the com­
pany's technical advisory centre, was an in­
tegral part of the product specification pro­
cess to ensure that the exact thickness
recommendations were proposed to meet
the specific requirement.
Originally rigid foam board insulation was
specified, but after the project started it
became apparent that the insulation zone
allowed for on the drawing was not wide
enough to give the required U-value. There
was also a limited cladding zone that could
Insul ation 201
.,-
not be altered. It was therefore important to
look to other insulation types and other pro­
viders.
The resulting solution met all the insulation
prerequisites by reducing the thickness of
insulation in the rainscreen zone to 50 mm
of Earthwool RainScreen Slab between the
Metsec metal stud system. This was fixed to
the cement particleboard in the insulation
zone behind the rainscreen cladding, with
120 mm of Earthwool Flexible Slab between
the Metsec studs. A further 70 mm of Flexi­
ble Slab was then installed by the dry lining
contractor in the C studs behind the internal
plasterboard finish.
RainScreen Slab is a rock mineral wool slab
containing a water repellent additive, spe­
cially developed for the !henna! insulation of
rainscreen cladding system applications. It
is lightweight but rigid enough to resist the
compression forces generated when install­
ing the insulation slabs on the masonry sub­
strate. The product is non-combustible and
is claimed to provide exceptional reaction to
fire perfonnance - it is classified as Euro­
class A1 to BS EN ISO 13501-1 - whilst de­
livering excellent thennal and acoustic per­
formance, particularly suited for public
buildings such as schools.
The thickness of insulation in the rainscreen
zone was able to be reduced by introducing
Flexible Slab insulation between the light
steel frame. This multi-purpose, flexible, fric­
tion fit, rock mineral wool slab is described
as having outstanding acoustic, thermal and
fire properties and to be ideally suited for
applications such as timber and metal
studs, where the slab will friction fit between
the studs, unlike a rigid foam insulation
board, which can be problematic.
0 Knauf Insulation
United Kingdom
m +44 (0) 1 7 44 766600
www
k n
aufjosulatjoo,co,uk
202 I nsul ation 2012 0 2 DETAil

.com

Australian architecture, interiors and landscape.

Letting in light without energy loss at both ends of the extreme temperature scale

Two newly completed projects, one in Ant­
arctica and the other in the Middle East, in­
corporate the use of Lumira aerogel insula­
tion, an innovative technology tor architec­
tural daylighting. This can afford greater
freedom in design tor translucent cladding
and skylighting as well as reducing energy
use in buildings. Manufactured by Cabot, it
is claimed to offer the same insulation as a
solid wall while allowing the full spectrum of
natural daylight into a room, and so can be
effective at dealing with both cold and hot
temperatures even in extreme conditions.
The insulation was specified tor use within
the windows at the Halley V1 Research Sta­
tion in Antarctica, where temperatures drop
as low as -58 •c and winds can be in excess
ot 100 mph. Located on the Brunt Ice Shelf,
the Halley base has had to be rebuih sev­
eral times over the years after being se­
verely crushed by snow. This latest station,
designed by Hugh Broughton Architects,
comprises eight individual modules con­
nected together by short flexible corridors.
The modules are raised above the snow sur­
face by hydraulic legs mounted on skis. This
clever solution means that the station can
periodically be relocated when glacier drift
height module, which features a large east­ light at a level of thermal insulation that
facing window. To maximise performance would reduce the requirement tor energy­
without compromising insulation, the Okagel consuming air conditioning and artificial
glass cladding system from Okalux has light. However, the nature and purpose ot
been filled internally with aerogel to enhance the building meant that the reduction of
the transmittance ot diffused natural daylight glare and the even distribution ot light were
without glare, shadows or hotspots during of paramount importance. The solution was
the six months when the sun never sets. In to minimise the area of wall glazing and in­
addition to being highly insulating, it is said stall Xtralite polycarbonate skylights, insu­
to provide excellent soundproofing during lated with aerogel, across the root. These
the winter when there is no daylight but of­ skylights flood the showroom, workshop and
ten continuous buffeting from high winds. office areas with evenly diffused light while
Comfort levels have therefore been consid­ reducing solar overheating and energy
erably improved for the station's occupants costs.
who live and work in these confined spaces
all through the year studying meteorology, In the more temperate climates of mainland PRACTICE
glaciology, seismology, radioastronomy and Europe and the USA, there are many inter­
geospace sciences. esting uses tor insulated translucent clad­
ding and rooflighting in different glass, poly­ \
. � •
/
At the other extreme, the product has also carbonate and tibreglass systems. Typical ·-
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been specified in exceptionally hot climates projects could include retail facilities,
such as the Middle East, an example ot schools and healthcare centres, as well as -·-
- ---
--·
--
-
- ...
- -
which is the new large car showroom at Ras commercial and industrial facilities, sports
ai-Khainah. This is located 75 miles from centres and swimming pools. With its high
Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates, where light transmission, low thermal conductivity
daily temperatures can regularly exceed
40°C and, given the strength of the over­
and sound attenuation properties, the insu­
lation is currently being used in structural
OPINION
_______ ..
head sun, glare as well as solar overheating composite panels and polycarbonate sys­
=-�..:=. -
.-==---=
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is a major design problem for architects in tems, U-channel glass, insulated glass
-
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- ... -- -
-.. --- ...:=.
-

.
becomes a problem. Most of the social ar­ the region. For the showroom, the aim was units, in unit skylights and smoke vents and --- -
===
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-:.::.::-::::
eas are concentrated in the central double- to deliver the right amount of natural day- tor tensile structures and fabric rooting.
- -- ­
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.... --... -
---· -

..... .
Lumira aerogel was previously called Nano­ =:-==:=�-:-�-;=.====-
--
----
--
- --- - ----·-- CALENDAR
gel aerogel and this product is used tor a __ _ _
.,
___ _
_ _
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range ot applications across a number ot --:;;_-====----=-

industries, but the company decided to
establish a separate identity to highlight its
use for the architectural daylight market.
The hydrophobic aerogel is produced as
particles. Each particle consists largely ot
air, up to 95%, contained in a structure with
pore sizes less than the mean tree path of
air molecules, which severely inhibits heat
transfer through the material.
Newsletter sign up: A
rch
jt
ect
ure
A l
JcmEditorial submissions: a
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hme
djac
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D Cabot Corporation, Belgium Advertising enquiries: Vic, SA, Tas +61 3 8699 1000 m
efb
puro
e@a
rch
m e
djac
oma!! NSW, Old +61 2 9380 7000 s
ydn
ey@a
rcb
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jammau
m +32 (0}475 71 99 73 Published by: Architecture Media Pty Ltd, Level 6. 163 Eastern Road, South Melbourne Vic 3205 +61 3 8699 1000
wwwc
abo
tae
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el.
com
204
Flooring
Anti-slip walkways for Tower Bridge
Bona products, Including an anti-slip lac­
quer, have been used to help secure, finish
and protect new wooden floors In the two
aerial walkways on Tower Bridge. The lac­
quer was specified by a City of London
building surveyor, who was looking for a
highly durable finish with anti-slip proper­
ties. She explained, ·1 specified Bona Traffic
Anti-Slip as events are held on both walk­
ways and I was concerned that drink or food
spillage on the oak floor could cause some­
one to slip."
Until this year the walkways had been car­
peted but a decision was made to find a
floo<covering that would give a long-term
saving and would also look more sty11sh, as
the walkways are also used as a venue for
corporate events and wedding recepons. it
The carpet and the plywood beneath were
removed to reveal rubber-studded tiles,
which, as part of the fabri c of the Tower,
had to be retained. New batte ns, insulation
board and plywood were installed and then
the character-grade English oak planks
were secret nailed into place.
Next, the new boards were sanded to a 120
grit finish and one coat of Prime Classic ap­
plied . This helps give a well-bodied appear­
ance to wood surfaces and also reduces the
risk of side bonding, due to its ffexibility.
Finally, three coats of Traffic Anti-Slip were
applied according to the specification.
The two-component, waterborne, 1 00% pol­
yurethane finish is designed to deliver an
extremely durable surface, with a high re­
sistance to chemicals and scuff marks, in
addition to offering anti-slip properties con­
forming to DIN standard 51 130-RtO. This
makes it suitable for use in a variety of situa­
tions. for example kitchens, nurseries, stairs
and similar locations, which carry an in­
creased risk of wet spills.
The company says its Traffic Matt, Silkmatt
and Anti-Slip products offer the most dura­
ble finish of au its lacquers. Anti-Slip is sup­
plied in a non-yellowing mattfinish with a re­
flective value of just 25"b, so the fl()()( main­
tains a natural look after the lacquer has
been applied. A total of 480 m1 of oak floor­
Ing was fitted with much of the work under­
taken at night because of the restricted ac­
cess for delivery and removal of materials
on this world-famous opening bridge, which,
understandably, is a 'red route'.
D Bona Ltd
United Kingdom
ll: +44 (0)1908 525150
\MMNb
onacom
2012 0 2 DETAil
Retro and modern wood
Kahrs has Introduced the Living Collection
of wood floors into its Linnea range, de­
signed to offer stylish and practical real
wood flooring options that are quick to lay,
durable and easy to care tor. The ten new
one-strip designs are crafted In Sweden
from sustainable woods, and the one-strip
plank format boards measure 1 ,225 x 1 1 8 x
7 mm. Eight are in European oak, from the
white-stained Oak Blanc to mocha-toned
Oak Coffee, and including the Oak Honey
colour shown here. Blush-toned Cherry
Muscovado and rich Walnut Cocoa com­
plete the selection.
All benefit from a durable satin or matt lac­
quer prefinish, Wi
t h many also featuring mi­
cro-bevelled edges, as well as stained and
brushed surface treatments.
Other oollections within the range include
Dwell and Habitat. Dwell comprises a selec­
tion of retro-inspired oak, walnut and poplar
floors in Dutch Mosaic, Industry Parquet and
Multi-stri pes. Measuring 1 ,225 x 193 x
7 mm, they are ready finished and designed
for laying directly over subfloors as whole
long boards. Colour options include the
pale-toned Dutch classic Oak Loft and
black-and-white striped Poplar Nolting Hill.
Habitat consists of five different effect one­
strip boards measuring 1,810 x 150 x
7 mm. Oak choices comprise silver-toned
Oak Dome, honey-toned Oak Tower, rich
brown Oak Gate and deep ebony Oak
Castle, while the fifth board is Walnut Statue,
described as a wanm golden hue with a
lively dark grain variation.
Claimed by the company to be ideal for in­
stallation over underfloor heating, all these
fl()()(ing products carry a 12-year guarantee.
0 Kahrs (UK) Ltd
United Kingdom
m +44 (0)2392 453045
wwwk
ahrs
.
co,
uk
Order online
Small Structures
Ch<osl•an Sch noch (Ed.),
2010.
1 76 pages, wlh I'IJI1'e<OUII
drawngs and pholoa.
23 X 29.7 C>T\ Hardcover.
ISBN 97!Hl341Kl283-9
€ 69.90/£ 58.50/US$113.­
+ poslagclpac>Ong
+ VAT, hpplocaoe
at
Designs and examples of small constructions with
everyday and special functions
Waiting sheHers, kiosks, snack bars "booths", market
stalls, bus stops, call boxes or columns, toilets, advertising
columns, ticket booths, portable tents or housing units,
emergency housing, tourist information - the list of small,
self-contained, Junctional constructions has almost no end.
Small constructions shape our daily life. One finds them on
the nearest street corner; they are present and inalienable,
yet rarely awake architectural interest. At the same time,
all of these small structures are well established In the city
infrastructure. Instead of gazing at the big, architectural
attractions, a lot of potential tor architects Is hidden In the
quality assurance of the everyday design of these small
and sometimes positively charming necessities. Because
these small constructions often stand directly in the area
of conflict between architecture and product design, this
addition to the "in DETAIL· series was created to span the
gap between both professions.
• Mobile, temporary, durable
• Construction design: ranging from simple to
experimental and up to high-tech
• Designing and construction as a process
• Link between architecture and product design
• Innovative solutions within a limited area
_............-
- ___...-
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Scroll online
through the book
www.detail.de/small
206 Flooring
New texture and colour
A new flooring style from Junckers with a
tactile brushed finish gives a modern twist to
the elegance of oak flooring. The Texture &
Colour Design Collection on 20.5 mm thick
solid oak planks comes in 129, 160 and
185 mm widths.
A hard brushing technique has been used
to remove the softer wood from the surface
of the timber, which leaves the grain more
prominent for a hand-finished look now on a
solid hardwood floor as opposed to engi­
neered boards.
The company says oak is still the most pop­
ular wooden floor in the UK, with wide
boards topping the charts.
Three dati< and three pale floors are availa­
ble. Scandinavian Nature, a fashionable
bleached wood look, has tones varying ton­
ally in warmth and brightness, from the sil­
very Glacial White, to Frosted White with a
bit more colour, and Antique White, warmer
and more golden.
The boards in the Dati< Luxe collection com­
prise black oak floors named Desert Gold,
Mountain Silver and Black Velvet.
Also new from the company is the Black
Oak Variation, shown here, a statement floor
with a vivid, striking appearance of an over­
all black colour with lots of variation and
substantially lighter tones along the line of
the grain and sapwood.
The characteristic black quality of bog oak
is formed, when oak logs lie for hundreds of
years in a bog, by a process that gives the
wood its special, dati< shade. This look has
been recreated by drawing the dati< stain
deep into the planks of this solid oak floor.
0 Junckers
United Kingdom
m +44 (0)1376 534700
WWW
·j
u n
cke
rs.
co.
uk
New developments in bamboo boards
BambooTouch®, the brand under which the
Belgian company Pi lmpor1 has been offer­
ing high-quality bamboo parquets and pan­
els since 2005, has launched new parquet
boards amongst three of its collections. The
first of these is Evolution, which comprises
parquets designed to offer ease and speed
of installation, due to the use of the Uniclic�
system by Unilin. This collection consists of
an upper layer of bamboo, an intermediate
layer of HOF and a sub-layer of poplar
wood.
Four new colours have now joined the
range, making it more on trend. The Bam­
Wood style measures 12 x 120 x 900 mm
and is now also offered in Auburn and Va­
nilla colourways, while Evolution Vertical,
measuring 12 x 127 x 960 mm, additionally
comes in Sand and Pepper. The entire Bam­
booTouch collection is ideally suited to a
floating installation.
Intrinsic beauty and structural resistance are
the characteristics attributed to the Bam­
Wood Density collection, which consists of
solid 100% bamboo parquets with a maxi­
mum density of 1,100 kg/m2. In contrast to
the company's Vertical or Horizontal floor­
ing, this is made by compacting thin strips
of bamboo in random fashion, which gives
2012 0 2 DETAil
the flooring its stability and exceptional
hardness, and it is the product that looks
most like conventional flooring.
It is ideally adapted to high traffic areas.
which require floorcoverings that are very
resistant to wear and to impacts, and the
product is described as one of the most rel­
evant covering solutions for intense use,
while providing a decorative appearance
that complements many interior styles.
Made of three cross-ply layers (the two sub­
layers being horizontal bamboo), the par­
quet is available in two colours (Natural and
Caramel) and three finishes applied in the
factory, namely oiled, stained or coated. As
well as a floating installation it can be glued
for compatibility with low-temperature
heated floors.
Its environmental qualities have been certi­
fied by various bodies, including German
standard DIN53160 and European standard
EN71-3, and it complies with the VOC (vola­
tile organic components) regulation. Based
on plant substances, the oil is comple­
mented by a full array of maintenance prod­
ucts aimed at rendering the parquet imper­
vious to humidity while contributing to its
good looks over long periods of time.
Another new addition to the Exclusive col­
lection is Industrial Flooring. This is a lami­
nated parquet in which the bamboo strips
are held with an adhesive tape that is re­
moved after it is installed. The parquet is
glued to the floor and sanded after installa­
tion. Used primarily in the past for produc­
tion srtes and workshops due to its high
level of resistance, the industrial flooring is
one of the new trends taken up for high-traf­
fic areas.
0 Bamboo Touch
Belgium
m +32 2 384 58 77
www.bambootOLICh,com
DETAil 2012 0 2
Entrance floor system for high functionality and aesthetics
The British Network Rail station, Manchester
Piccadilly, has recently undergone an eX1en­
sive safety upgrade. With the city's principal
station accommodating over 98 million peo­
ple annually, issues of safety were key to the
specification process, and the entrance
flooring system chosen had to perform to
the highest level of functionality as well as
add to the aesthetics of the station.
Forbo Flooring System's Nuway Tuftiguard
HD and Coral Brush Activ entrance prod­
ucts were specified to offer a durable, at­
tractive and effective integrated system for
the entrance areas.
One of nine stations that are part of the up­
grade, Manchester Piccadilly is the largest
and busiest of the five city-centre railway
stations in central Manchester and Salford.
With such an extreme volume of traffic pass­
ing through the doors on a regular basis, the
entrance and exits required an entrance
matting system that would withstand inten­
sive use. It also needed to be suitable for
wheeled traffic due to the number of pas­
sengers travelling with luggage.
Considering the size of the project, the col­
laborative approach between Forbo Flooring
Systems, installers and the client from the
beginning, resulted in a successful relation­
ship, specification of product and the run­
ning of the project.
Forbo's Nuway Tuftiguard engineered floor­
ing was installed by Master Matting Installa­
tions - an approved Forbo Entrance Sys­
tems Specialist Installer (FESSI). The prod­
uct has a heavy pile double wiper strip and
unique aluminium scraper bar design, and
is able to cope with the worst of the soil and
moisture tracked in on the soles of shoes or
wheeled vehicles.
Pivotal in protecting people from slips, the
entrance flooring system is the best method
of preventing wet and dry soiling from caus­
ing serious hazards. Furthermore, as Tuft­
iguard HO can withstand static loads of up
to 900kg/cm2 and has a level surface for
ease of movement of wheeled vehicles as
well as luggage, it proved suitable for the
installation.
Coral Brush Activ anthracite was also speci­
fied for this project. Whilst Nuway was used
in the areas with the heaviest footfall, Coral
was used in the areas at the side of the en­
trance where the footlall was less heavy. It
provided the most cost effective solution
and retained the integrated look of the
whole entrance.
Forbo offers textile and engineered entrance
products that are intended to work together
with other floorcoverings to create a stream­
lined appearance throughout the building.
This zoned approach provides the most ef­
fective barrier against foot-borne dirt and
moisture, protecting the rest of the flooring
scheme from soiling and damage as well as
reducing the risk of slips and falls.
0 Forbo Flooring
United Kingdom
m +44 (0)800 0935 258
www
tor
bo-f)ooo rjng.co,uk
Flooring 207
Tactile signs to show the way
Brazilian specialist technology company An­
daluz Acessibilidade, in co-operation with
Bayer MateriaiScience, has developed a
personal guidance system for flooring in
public buildings and traffic areas that pro­
vides anyone walking on it with tactile feed­
back for better orientation. The Tatil Facil
signage system is designed to make it eas­
ier for the blind and visually impaired to find
their way around buildings such as hospitals
or retail centres and, for example, in front of
escalators, on railway platforms and next to
road crossings, and thus make them less
prone to accidents. It will, of course, also
assist those with no visual impairment to
easily follow a marl<ed route.
The tactile elements are very straightforward
to fix to the floor, it is claimed, and although
only a few millimetres high this is sufficient
to be felt when they are walked upon. The
signs and tiles are made of Desmopan® DP
3059D, a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)
from the Bayer Group company. The injec­
tion-moulded sheets are available in a num­
ber of different surface structures, colours
and shapes. such as raised studs and bars,
as directional and warning signs for the vi­
sion-impaired and for normal-sighted peo­
ple.
Using TPU for this type of signage claimed
to offer a number of advantages over some
alternative materials.
The system is currently in use in banks,
shopping centres and subway stations in
Brazil. "I can well imagine applications in
other regions of the world in the future," said
Mathias Lauter, TPU business development
expert at Bayer MateriaiScience. "The de­
mand for this system is considerable and
the benefits are obvious."
0 Bayer MateriaiScience
United Kingdom
m +44 (0)1635 563410
www
,b a
yer
m a
teri
als
cj
enceco
m
208 Floonng 2012 0 2 DETAil

A critical look at remarl<able structures

Relief-patterned stone surfaces
Q-Bo's Project brand Includes design decor
patterns in marble and natural stone. Pat·
terns include geometric and natural de·
signs.
Tech is a geometric pattern suitable for a
minimal theme, which plays with the con­
trast of glossy and matte surfaces, with the
square format being divided into two trian­
gles, one rough the other polished; 3D (pic­
tured) is a design which as it's name sug­
gests, offers a particular sense of depth;
and Tessuto has a tight-woven decoration,
engraved by sandblasting.
The decors are available on the following
stones: Bianco Carrara, Crema Luna, Arde­
sia Ugure. Formats are 50 x 50 em. how·
ever customised sizes up to 600 x 1200 mm
are available.
Q-BO h as also added a Luxury finish option
Innovative plank effects
While reflecting the fashion for wood-effect
flooring, Italian tile maker Trend has chosen
timber-like quartz, granite and recycled
glass finishes for its Trend Teak agglomer­
ate flooring planks range rather than mimic
the appearance of wood or use face-print·
ing technology.
There are six standard finishe.s. from black
and 'dark teak' to 'softwood' cream hues
and off-whites. with other colours available
to order. The lightweight, flexible 6.6 mm
thick planks are designed for demanding
flooring applications.
Made of natural stone, tempered glass
chips and a small percentage of high-grade
polyester resin, the agglomerate material is
claimed to be extremely tough, durable,
norrabsorbent and resistant to impacts,
scratching, stains, thermal shock and harsh
chemicals. Up to 78 % recycled glass and
Acoustic screed
Flooring systems by Salnt-Gobaln Weber
were specified for the first Republic of Fritz
Hanse store in the UK, in a corner period
building located in Margaret Street, London.
The Danish furniture design brand will show­
case its own collections together with furnl·
ture and accessories from other Scandina­
vian companies. The open·plan design by
architects BDP London was created by re­
moving established partitions, resulting in a
floor area with substantially different levels ­
as much as 50 mm in certain areas. These
voids were filled with lightweight, energy­
saving Lecae: Insulation Fill to form an insu­
lated foundation that complies with Building
Regulations Approved Document L.
Weber.noor 4310 fibre flow was used for the
ma1n floabng floor screed. This Is a standard
drying, fibre-mod1fied screed for bonded,
unbonded and floating applications which
can be applied at thicknesses of 5 to
Over the past 50 years, DETAIL has presented countless arch�ectural
highlights, which, in their ime,
t drove development forward thanks
to their experimental designs or groundbreak1ng use of materials.
Yet, hov� have these once innovative designs fared? What lessons
have been learned? Have the buildings changed over the decades?
Based on the rubric "A Second Look", part of DETAIL's 50th anniversary,
the publication presents a new look at selected structures from the
past fNe decades. This includes material from previous publications
combined with current information, with a critical eye cast on current
trends in comparison to their forerunners. What has become of the
developments that these earlier structures began? What conclusions
can be drawn about the original designs? The book not only presents
buildings that have changed greatly over time, but also buildings
whose designs have stood the test of time - designs thai have lost
none of their relevance and innovation over years of use.
Pioneering projects over five decades reconsidered
Development of extraordinary buildings over the years
Concepts and designs scrutinised from a contemporary
perspective
Architecture and the Test of Time
ISBN 978-3-920034·59-1
NEW March 2012.
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which was created to offer a new generation certification for very lowVOC levels, under­ in two to four hours, and the final covering
of resistant and enduring ecological cover· lining Its suitability for schools and domestic can be applied within one to three weeks,
depending on conditions. _
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,.,.
tions and surface treatments. _

The DIN 51130 R9 slip resistance rating ex­ On this project Weber.floor 4955 dB mat .
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The tile range consists of natural stone sur­
faces to which low-relief sanding techniques
have been applied, creating a variety of ab­
stract and nature -Inspired patterns. This
modern take on natural marble and stone
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ised Clip2Go interlocking base panels so
they simply click together and �loat' above
the existing sub-floor, without adhesives or
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this allows their removal and re-use for ap­
plications such as hotel-based trade fairs
The interior aesthetics of the store were en­
hanced with Weber.floor 4650 duro colour,
a low-maintenance floor finish for commer­
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through the book
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vation work. for example.
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Italy 0 Trend GB, United Kingdom United Kingdom
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www.detail.de/second - look
210
Groundworks
and Landscaping
Collaboration between disciplines aided by software results in sustainable low-cost design
The Triangle project in Swindon, Wiltshire, is
a development project of 42 social homes.
The development is set amid sympathetic,
sustainable landscaping, from Hab Oakus -
a partnership between the Hab company,
established by designer and writer Kevin
McCloud, and a local registered social land­
lord, Green Square, winner of a UK Housing
Award in 2010. The vision was to use the
land to create humane, climate-responsive,
low-carbon housing.
The landscape architect was Studio Engle·
back, led by Luke Engleback. The company
has made Vectorworks Landmark the back·
bone of its CAD strategy.
For landscape architects the software offers
many useful features; in particular, it ena­
bles them to easily work with their architec­
tural counterparts by importing drawings
from, and exporting drawings to, a wide
range of other packages, although predomi­
nantly AutoCAD. However, more architects
are said to be using the software them­
selves, for its capability to design in 2D and
3D simultaneously and to create high-quality
rendered visuals and BIM models where re­
quired, all in the one package. Training for
Design, a UK company offering Vectorworks
training for architects and garden design-
ers, as well as interior and lighting design­
ers, has recently been working with Engle­
back as it moves to the latest version of this
CAD design tool.
From the outset, the landscape architects
worked alongside architects Glenn Howells
on the site layout, and with Curtins consult­
ing engineers on the environmental infra­
structure - including shared surfaces, sus­
tainable drainage and low-energy lighting.
Sustainability and cost were both important
factors. As Luke Engleback explained, "The
driving force for this whole project was to
create a sustainable environment, both
building and landscape, that could be
achieved on a limited budget. We wanted to
make the ordinary extraordinary. We were
striving to create a sense of community with
a seamless dialogue between the architec­
tural and landscape designs, a project
which enabled and encouraged residents to
share and enjoy the external spaces cre­
ated, and to get to know each other."
The resulting design is said to be a conviv­
ial, biodiverse, playful, edible home zone
with sustainable features embedded, not
applied as 'bells and whistles'. It was always
intended that cars would be limited in the
2012 0 2 DETAil
area, with car share and cycles as part of
the travel plan, and care has been taken to
reduce their visual impact. This has been
done by extending the home frontages with
espalier fruit trees and freestanding (bio-po­
rous) gabion walls that enclose bin recy­
cling pods. The central space, provides a
focus for the project and a safe place for
children to play.
This space is supplemented by two kitchen
gardens, one with polytunnels irrigated by
water harvested from roofs. With the CAD
software containing an 8,000+ plant data­
base, creation of plans for green roofs and
living walls (or any other planted area) is de­
signed to be straightforward and calculation
of water runoff made easy by the embedded
worksheets. In addition, when looking at the
swales created to accept rain and prevent
flooding, its terrain modeling capabilities
can be employed, as the software can auto­
matically create a 3D terrain model of any
site using surveyor-collected 3D spot-height
data.
Once done, any work carried out which will
impact the terrain -creating terracing, pools,
or building foundations - will automatically
produce cut and fill volumes. With the de·
sign concept completed, this technology
subsequently helps in the estimating phase
by providing area/volume measurements for
hardscaping materials used on site, just as
it can provide quantitative information for the
building resources used.
All works are now complete and residents
have moved into their new homes. The inter­
disciplinary and community collaboration
will continue, as Studio Engleback has em·
barked on three further projects with Hab
Housing.
0 Training for Design
United Kingdom
m +44 (0)1488 658580
wwwy
ectorworks-trajnjng.co,uk
DETAil 2012 0 2
Promoting tree growth
Greenleaf Urban Tree and Landscape
Products has announced that production of
StrataCell has been transferred to a UK
manufacturing facility. This is said to be the
only structural soil cell made entirely from
recycled plastics without any requirement
for steel reinforcements -which are prone to
corrosion underground.
The company states that extensive testing at
both academic and independent
laboratories throughout Europe has
established this soil cell is the strongest
large soil structure unit for urban tree
planting currently available.
The product is designed to give each unit
the ability to withstand massive vertical and
lateral forces, whilst leaving g4 % of the soil
volume available for tree root growth. A
spokesman for Greenleaf said: "Throughout
the development of StrataCell we had two
core objectives in mind; the first was to
create the world's strongest large structural
soil cell and the second was to accomplish
this using green materials and
manufacturing techniques that are in
keeping with the ethos of our organisation."
The company was initially set up to conduct
research into urban tree planting practices
and provide products that assist trees in
their battle to establish and grow healthily in
towns and cities. It also offers guidance,
support and best practice advice on urban
tree planting. The soil cell product was
developed in conjunction with overseas
partners and until now production has taken
place abroad. However, a strong demand
amongst specifiers since its launch in this
country was sufficient to justify independent
UK-based manufacturing.
0 Greenleaf Urban Tree and Landscape
Products
United Kingdom
m +44 (0)1424 717797
www
,gere
nle
aft
ree
sco
,u
k www,geoeng,co,uk
Drilling in confined spaces provides water for heat pumps
Two recent contracts for Geotechnical
Engineering Ltd (GEL) have involved the
drilling of boreholes to accommodate
different ground source heating systems.
The first was for the provision of boreholes
and installation of heat collector pipes at
three social housing sites in Worksop,
Nottinghamshire for EarthEnergy, on behalf
of A1 Housing Bassetlaw. After drilling, the
company installed 32 mm diameter ground
source heat collector loops to depths of up
to 80 m and the borehole loops were then
pressure/flow tested.
This job was a particular challenge, as GEL
was working in small spaces such as
gardens and driveways, and the sites had to
be kept clean and tidy, with minimum
disruption to residents - a demanding task
since there were up to four rigs drilling at
any one time. The company chose to use its
Pioneer rigs, which are able to be ffexible in
such limited spaces, and refined its flush
collection techniques to create a depth.
The other contract was for a private client in
Malvern, Worcestershire who had designed
an integrated system to make his property
self-sufficient in both heating and electricity.
The contract was to design and drill a
G r o undworks a nd Lands cap ing 211
borehole and soakaway system, to provide
a water source for an open loop ground
source heating system. Open loop systems
utilise the constant temperature of the
groundwater to supply heat to a heat pump.
They differ from closed loop systems in that
they pump water directly from the ground
through the heat pump and on to a
discharge hole.
GEL completed a desktop investigation of
the area before designing and drilling a
water borehole for the system.
The well was installed to 32 m and after a
period of testing with a pump, provided
large quantities of clear water. Based on
permeability assessments during the
drilling, a second similar hole was drilled, to
a depth of 22 m, which would be capable of
discharging the water after heat recovery.
The wells were now complete and ready for
connection to the heat system.
Commenting on the works, the client said: "I
had thought about the whole issue for many
months and had already installed the
necessary dueling to my utility room based
on practical locations for the well, and by
chance the second soakaway location as
well.
"Geotechnical also gave me guidance in
finding information about local existing wells
and expected flow rates and I had already
realised I was in a very favourable
geological position. The disruption to the
garden and flower bed was minimal
considering the weight and size of the drill
rig and its manoeuvring off the drive to the
second location. The whole operation from
moving on site to leaving was completed
within four working days.•
0 Geotechnical Engineering Ltd
United Kingdom
m +44 (0) 1452 527743
212 Groundworks and Lan ds
caping
-=---
--'-- -
Natural stone effect
Italian tile producer Tiffany has employed
digital inkjet technology in the creation of its
Riverstone range of floor and wall tiles,
which are particularly recommended for in·
terior and exterior use in residential or light
commercial buildings. This method is de·
signed to guarantee a good reproduction of
the original material plus an absolute sharp·
ness in the images, while at the same time
helping to minimise environmental impact
on mining areas.
The glazed porcelain stoneware tiles, with
full body colour, are said to give excellent
aesthetic results with extremely high effi·
ciency levels from a practical point of view.
In the natural, neutral shades of Anthracite,
Mocha, Grey and Beige, the textured tiles
have a veining effectfor a pleasing appear·
ance of natural stone, with its streaks,
cloudy patches and luminosity, which will
harmonise with both traditional and modern
decor.
Suitable for a wide variety of situations, as
shown above with Riverstone in Grey, they
are available in several sizes, from 165 x
165 up to 500 x 500 mm. These are com·
plemented by a range of trim pieces such
as skirting boards, bullnose steps and bull·
nose corner steps, available in all the colour
choices, so making it easy to design in
structural elements - stairs and low walls,
for example - that perfectly match the cho·
sen flooring.
The tiles are designed to offer maximum re·
sistance and ease of cleaning, and are de·
scribed as easy to lay, non-absorbent, re·
sistant to surface scratching (PEl), frost,
acid attack and staining, and as having
good anti-slip properties.
0 Tiffany Ceramiche
Italy
m +39 0522 842 120
www.ceramjcalord,com
More paving choice for SUDS
Wienerberger has remodelled its Aquata
paver to create a traditionally styled product
that can form part of the sustainable urban
drainage system (SUDS). The clay block is
designed to provide a durable and visually
attractive wearing course over the SU OS
system.
The external edge of the block has been al·
tered so that from above it resembles the
traditional paver shape: this has been
achieved by lowering the position of the
specially engineered interlocking nibs so
they are no longer visible from the surface
once the jointing material is laid.
Mike Jepps, sales manager for Wiener·
berger pavers, explained that introducing
this new style of the existing paver demon·
strates how design and sustainability can
work together. He said "The lack of natural
groundwater drainage in urban areas, due
to hard landscaping and the loss of green
space, has contributed to the increased in·
cidence of flooding over recent years. The
devastating impact of flooding has meant
government agencies and local authorities
are demanding higher standards from de·
velopers, who in turn are turning to manu·
facturers for solutions.
"In the past there has always been a com·
promise for designers in terms of the aes·
thetic of the paver but now, with this new
clay paver, they can achieve clean lines and
traditional styling with a beautiful, natural,
durable product that will last for many years,
while also doing right by the environment."
The restyled paver comes in a choice of
three colours - blue, purple and multi brio·
died - giving even more scope for exterior
design projects.
0 Wienerberger
United Kingdom
m +44 (0)161 491 8200
yYWW.wjeoerberger,co.t!k
2012 0 2 DETAil
Smooth anti-slip decking
A new decking product from John Brash is
said to offer the anti·slip benefits of the com·
pany's castellated timber decking but with a
smooth profile that makes it more suited to
an urban environment.
Castellated decking can create a slight
'rumble' effect for wheeled vehicles such as
bicycles, wheelchairs and prams. The pro·
file of the new JBCitiDeck combines detect·
able contrasts in surface texture, whilst pro­
viding a smooth surface for wheelchair us·
ers and for walking in urban footwear like
high heels. It also prevents the accumula·
lion of dirt, litter and food waste, making it
suitable for boardwalks, bridges, hotels, res·
taurants and retail outlets.
The standard product features two anti-slip
inserts with a white coloured aggregate. A
bespoke service means the number of in·
serts can be specified, as well as alternative
aggregate types for different levels of slip
resistance in a choice of red, green, blue
and yellow. Its anti-slip properties have
been independently tested by the HSE us·
ing a Stanley Pendulum Test (as described
in BS 7976 parts 1 ·3, 2002) operated to is·
sue 3, 2005 of the UK Slip Resistance
Group guidelines.
"We launched JBCitiDeck following the suc·
cess of our castellated anti·slip decking
range," said Christian Brash of John Brash.
"There has been a huge amount of interest
in the new range and we have already sup·
plied it to many high profile developments.
JBCitiDeck is more suited to everyday use
in urban environments, but has the same
anti·slip properties as our castellated
board." The decking is seen here installed
in the eco·friendly 'village' development at
Oxford Brookes University.
0 John Brash
United Kingdom
m +44 (0) 1427 675588
-i
o
www h
obra
shc
o,u
k 0 www
DETAil 2012 0 2 Gro undworks and Lands cap ing 213
Ecobuild 2012 Product Information Index
Ecobuild, the world's biggest event for sus· Timber Construction
tainable design, construction and the built Timber used for building's structure, screening, cladding
environment is back at London's ExCeL on in wet climate location (Accsys Technologies) 184
Tuesday 20-Thursday 22 March, 201 2. Solar shading for arts building (Levolux) 186
Over 1 ,500 suppliers will be exhibiting, ere· Extension to infant school
ating the biggest showcase of sustainable (GML Construction, CF Anderson Timber Products) 186
construction products. Visitors will be able Cross-laminated panels (Finnforest) 186
to see the latest and best in everything from Glue-laminated earth sheltered structure for theme park
building materials to micro·renewables, and (B&K Structures) 186
from rainwater harvesting systems to interi· Bay window solution {Jeld·Wen) 186
ors. Timber infill panels (Elliott Off-Site Building Solutions) 188
Sustainable Olympic cycling venue
Ecobuild puts all innovative products in con· (Trada, Arnold Laver Timber World) 188
text through its vast information programme. Sustainable alternative to tropical hardwood used as
durable cladding for pier restaurant (Kebony) 189
There's the three-day, three-stream confer·
ence that tackles macro themes such as
Windows and Doors
"Beyond construction: achieving a sustain·
Sandwich of low·e·coated glass and wood for facade
able future, Making sustainable construction
(Okalux) 190
happen and Design, architecture & sustain·
Bespoke roof windows (Fakro) 190
ability" with renowned commentators includ·
Bottom rolling hardware solution for timber sliding doors
ing Sir John Beddington, Monty Don, Janet
(Brio) 192
Street-Porter, Greg Dyke, Tony Juniper and
Folding glass doors open up the facade giving connection
Angela Brady, covering topics as diverse as
to the outside (Solarlux) 193
"Growing out of trouble - how social enter·
Curtain walling (Schueco) 194
prise can help restore society, People and
Revolving entrance system (Tormax) 194
the planet and Collaborative consumption."
Hinges for glass (Royde & Tucker) 194
Aluminium walling suite for award winning city centre
An addition to the programme for 201 2 is an regeneration in Wakefield (Technal) 195
"Olympics special" hosted jointly by the Custom features for old post office (Black Milworks) 196
Construction Products Association and BRE Passivhaus tilt and turn (Mumford & Wood) 196
in which Construction Minister, Mark Prisk
and Peter Bonfield, Adviser to the Olympic Insulation
Delivery Authority on materials procurement Thermally efficient solution for riverside gallery (Celotex) 198
consider how, having delivered •the green· Floating comfort (Rockwool) 198
est games ever", the learning from the de· Advanced building membranes for air·tight thermally
velopment of the Olympic Park can be put holiday homes (DuPont Tyvek) 200
to use in other developments. Recycled glass for Maritime wing (Pittsburg Corning) 201
30 calculation model support for school project
More applied is Ecobuild's seminar pro· (Knauf Insulation) 201
gramme which delivers practical advice Letting in light without energy loss at both ends of
from experienced practitioners through over the extreme temperature scale (Cabot) 202
130 sessions including "Energy & innovation
in buildings, Better through BIM, Buildings Flooring
in use, Future energy and Sustainable by Anti·slip walkways for Tower Bridge (Bona) 204
design." Retro and modern wood (Kahrs) 204
New texture and colour (Junckers) 206
Ecobuild's Solar hub will demonstrate how New developments in bamboo boards (Bamboo Touch) 206
the installation of solar PV still offers attrac· Entrance floor system for high functionality and aestetics
tive rates of return via the UK Feed-in Tariff. (Forbo Flooring) 207
Visitors will get practical guidance on how to Tactile signs to show the way (Bayer Material Science) 207
specify the most appropriate system for the Relief-patterned stone surface (Q-BQ) 208
best results, reduce carbon emissions and Innovative plank effects (Trend) 208
mitigate rising energy costs as well as being Acoustic screed (Saint·Gobain Weber) 208
able to see a range of solar innovative sys·
terns from on-roof, through semi-integrated Groundworks and Landscaping
to fully roof-integrated products, all featuring Collaboration between disciplines aided by software results
the latest technologies from leading mod· in sustainable low-cost design {Training for Design) 210
ules manufacturers. Promoting tree growth
Visit DETAIL at stand S12 and take the (Greenleaf Urban Tree and Landscape Products) 211
advantage of special event subscriptions Drilling in confined spaces provides water for heat pumps
and renewal offers or browse all the recent (Geotechnical Engineering) 211
DETAIL publications. Entrance is free ij you Natural stone effect (Tiffany Ceramiche) 212
register at: More paving choice for SUDS {Wienerberger) 212
Smooth anti-slip decking {John Brash) 212
Ecobuild 2012 213
e c
obu
jl
d .
co,
uk
 DETAil Subscription

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220 2012 0 2 DETAil DETAil 2012 0 2 Persons and organiz ractors and suppliers
ations involved in the planning· Cont 221

Persons and organizations involved in the planning • Contractors and suppliers

·Joinery:
• WindOINS: OAHLmobet. D-Munlch
Sigg Tischlerei GmbH. A-Horbranz vt,
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• Wood floOfing: Handwerksmeister GUnther Wachter,
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Bejos Berchtold Jochen Spengterei, D-Mayen·Katzenberg
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Bernd Langer GmbH. A-Wolfurt
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• Project team: Evelyn Street 210 Etsdalen8 · Furniture: · Electrical installation: Am Kaiserstrand 15 Margarethe·Relchel.str. 5
Institute for Computational Design GB-SE8 5BZ London &430 85 Branno Reiter WOhn 8 Objekteinrichtung Gunter KIOgl, 0-MOnsing A-6911 Lochau Markt 136 D-85354 Freislng-Pulllng
Prof. Achim Menges GmbH. VfWW 8\!SQ Ak h!BQA !t de A-5431 Kuehl
tnstttute of Building Structures and · Architects: ·Client: A-Rankweil · Scteed I Flooring: · Client: ·Client:
Structural Design Hugh Strange Architects. Private WMIJr e iterra n
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il Gebr. Bauernfeind. Roland Pircher · Client: design.s Richard Stanzet.
Prof. Jan Knippers GB-London · Architect I Construction rnanagernent I · Lighting: FuBbodenbau GmbH. • Architects: Weco FH Holztechnikum GmbH. D-Freising-Pulling
Competence Ne�NOr1< Biomlrnetics W
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rhstrang ero m Structural engineeri"tg I MechanicaJ Zumtobel leuchten. A-Oornbirn D-Alling Lang+Schwarzler. A-Bregenz A-Kuchl • Architects. Construction management
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· Concept I Design planning: Price 8 Myers. GB-London JOhannes Norlander. 's@ s pee da r Dietrich Un t ertrifallec Michael Oeppisch
Oliver David Krieg. Boyan Mihaytov · Main Contractor: $-Stockholm · Assistant: Archrtekten ZT GmbH, A-Bregenz ww w de pp i
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• Final planning I Implementation: Sotmaz Ltd. GB-London www oor tandecse Carmen Hemandez-Arcas Helmut Dietrich. Much Untertrffaller · Project archttect:
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Solmaz Fahimian. Christin Gegenheimer, · Timber Grame Sub-Contractor: · Plywood facade I Interior I Hagen-Huster ZT GmbH. A-Bregenz • Project architects: • Assistants:
Nicola Haberbosch. Elias Kastle, Eurban Ltd, GB-London Roof beams: Etmar Hagen·Huster Bernhard Breuer, Peter NuBbaumer Christian Ktessinger. Kerstin Schneider.
Oliver David Krieg. Yong Sung Kwon. W
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• Scientific coOfdinators: Simptemente Madera. NIC-Managua ·Windows: Gernot Thurnher, A-Feldkirch Felix Kruck, Sven Meller Haussler lngenieure, D-Kempten
Markus Gabler. Riccardo La Magna. www simp e
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Frederic Waimer Steyson's Ltd, GB-IIford · Bitumen roof sheet: Fa. Stotz. A-Feldklrch r.
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· Natura 8 Profile Fibre Cement Clad· Hecht Licht· und Eleklroplanung. A-Mondsee · landschaftsplaner I Mechanical
ding Panels: a
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lererat services. Electrical planning. Landscape
page 145
Marley Eternit. GB-Burton on Trent Trades Centre in Bergell · Construction management: planning:
Townhouses in Munich-Riem
Tel.: +44 1283 722 588 SABAG satzburger Bautrager GmbH. Oepplsch Archlteklen. 0-frelslng
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· lronmongery: Mutter-Teresa-Str. 27-49 CH-7603 Vicosoprano Fa. Walter Cernenschek GmbH. w
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s ahag a t · Facade I Windows I Gateways I
tze. GB-London Heinrich-BOII·Str. 78-100 A-lingenau · Mechanical services: Fittting out
Tel.: +44 20 7384 3302 D-81829 MOnchen · Client: wa lte'@c ernn es
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M « sto fzat HOizbau Schmid GmbH & Co. KG.
WrNYJ.ama ndalevetearchitects.com
Bernardo Bader, A-Dornbirn Isabelle Honeck. Marc JOhle · Mechanical seiVices: · Ventilation system: · Timber construction: D-Adetberg
· Structural engineering:
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Marianne l.0bersll SOfstr0m. Frank-Bau GmbH. CH-Borgonovo Ebner Et ektro GmbH. A-Hallein · Heating boiler:
Yashar Hanstad A-Kennelbach Moser GmbH, 0-Haslach Y.Q
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Kebony ASA, N-<Jslo Berchtold Hotzbau GmbH & Co KG. biir + seibl GmbH, D-Anzing CH-Vicosoprano based on information provided by the A-Golling iGuzzini mvmina:zione spa, 1-Recanati
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222 2012 0 2 DETAil

Programme for 2012 • Photos

DETAil DETAIL Engll$h appears 1n 2012 on
RevleYJ ofArchitecture + 16 January, I March, 2 May, 2 July.
Corstn.cbO<' Detail 3 September 2 NC7\'erTiber.
DETAIL 2012 1 Concrete, Brick and S100e
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€126.50. tor stvd<W'ts €79.40
e n b uil. din
Gre
Tel: +49 (0)89-38 16 2IHl
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Fax: +49 (0)89-3387 61 International building certification systems as they
c
DETAil 2012 5 Facades US$ 172.90. lOt stvdentS US$ 105.90

DETAIL 2012 6 Load·Boarong Strvcturos

www det a
i1re
(Ploof c:J student SlaluS OT<Jst be c er t · tti stand today

ms
PO Box: Certification systems for buildings. such as BREEAM. LEED
DETAil Green 201 2 2 Postfach 20 10 54.
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r><ovided to obl<lln SlUder! rates.)
All !)<ices Include postage/packing
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Tel.:+49 (0)89-38 16 20·27 Subscnptlon: 12 Issues per year. very apparenl lhal lhe individual systems are In compe\i\ion
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PhOios to< which no cred� Is given were elthe< I)<OVIded by the respective arcMects Editorial team: OCTAIL G1een, 4x DETAIL Germani wHh one another. This book provides inslgh\ Into the many
or they are product photos !tom the DETAIL archives. (address as above) english) facets of green labels. The mosl important certlflca\es with
Tel.: +49 (0)89-38 16 20-57 €20<1.37, fOt students €129.47 their system variants and assessment methods are intro­
E-mail: r
e d akt
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US$ 262.-, lOt students US$ 175.- duced in detail, and information on lhe certificalion processes
Christian Schittich
pp. t 1 7, 118top, 1 19: p....J1Z; and costs is provided. Selected buildings are used to illus·
(editor-in-chief), Single Issues:
Frank Kaltenbach. D-Munlch GheoGias!Karsten Oelmann Sabine Dray. Andreas Gabliel, DCTAILCngllsh: €18.-, £12.50, Irate the core themes, the certification processes and the
p..JJ.B. bo«om: p._J.Zll: Frank Kalt�nbach, SteHI Lenzen, US$24.50 differences between the various labels. "Green Building
ICD/ITKE. 0-Stuttgart Llgnatur AG. Cf-1-Waldstan Julia Liese. Thomas Madlener, DETAIL Green (English edition):
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pp.120top, 171, 172top, 173: ll-180;
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Dennis Gilbert, GB-London Axel Elsenblaller, D..Siegburg
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Steve Hall o Hedrich Blessing Kurt Schwaner, D-Biberach (editorial assistants) The pub hshers bear no responsibi­
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Thomas Madlene<. 0-Munlch Markus Zumoberhaus, CH-Meggen photos.
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No part of DETAIL may be rel)<lnted • Planning processes and documentation requiremen\s
pp. 128-131: o..lflatop nghl, bonom: Stephanie L006e. Maron Luce, without permoSSlon from the publishers.
DaVId Grandorge. G8-London Rich<lrd Davies, Arrold laver/Trada Katja Reich, Usa Romswinket. • Certification costs
No guarantee can be g111en lex the Green building certification systems
pp. 136-139: s:w,!IQtop middle: Melanie Se�ert, Hildegard Wanger. completeness 01' cOtrectness c:J the • Project examples
Rasmus Norlander. S-Stocl<tolm Schott UASJeffrey Totaro. Okalux. Tm Westphal Kattwin Wibhsha\.ser NEW August 2011
published contnbul101'1$.
ISBN 978-3-920034-54·6 • Market potential for green building certifocates
pp. 140-144: Jl-lmbottom: Jo.Al1ne Wright
Tansa Bao.mgartrer (8S$islant) AeprogrBI)hica: Tl>� Ebe<t. Nata >e EO<g. Ge<d Hau5e<
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Tel: +49 (Ol89.J8 t6 20-0 Martor HMI 0HG 144 pages w lh numetCUS oaQ'arns.
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