Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
The Purdue OWL: Citation Chart 2
The Purdue OWL: Citation Chart 3
The Purdue OWL: Citation Chart 4
Living." Rev. of Radiant City, dir. Gary
it living [Review of the film Radiant New York Times, May 30, 2007, Late
Burns and Jim Brown. New York Times City, directed by Gary Burns and Jim edition.
30 May 2007 late ed.: E1. Print. Brown]. New York Times, late ed.: E1.
Online Sources MLA guidelines for most online sources In APA citation, online sources often CMS citation requires the URL to be listed at
were developed under the assumption include what are known as DOIs, or the end of the citation but not the date the
that content can be found online as digital object identifiers. If a DOI is contented was accessed. If the internet source
long as information, such as author and available, it is used in place of a URL. The is time sensitive, include the date of access
title, were included. Therefore, MLA DOI is a serial number that identifies the after the URL listing in parenthesis. CMS
does not require a URL listing. MLA source regardless of URL changes, and it documentation often includes the use of DOIs.
citation of online sources does, can often be found on the first page of
however, ask for a publisher or sponsor an online source. Beyond the DOI, APA
of the webpage. Authors for websites generally cites author, date, page title,
are often corporations, or governments site title, available page numbers, and a
(Hacker). URL or DOI.
General Author. Title of Site. Sponsor, Date Author. (Year [use n.d. if not given]). Author. Document Title. URL or DOI.
format created (use n.d. if not given). Article or page title. Larger Publication
Medium. Date accessed. Title, volume or issue number.
Retrieved from http://url address
Entire United States Environmental Protection United States Environmental Protection United States Environmental Protection
Website Agency. Drinking Water Standards. Agency. (2004, July). Drinking water Agency. Drinking Water Standards.
EPA, 8 July 2004. Web. 24 Jan. 2006 standards. Retrieved from US EPA http://water.epa.gov/drink.
website http://water.epa.gov/drink
Page from Shiva, Vandana. “Bioethics: A Third Shiva, V. (2006, February). Bioethics: A Shiva, Vandana. “Bioethics: A Third World
Website World Issue.” Nativeweb. Nativeweb, third world issue. Nativeweb. Issue.” Nativeweb.
n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2006. Retrieved from http://www.nativeweb.org/pages/legal/shi
http://www.nativeweb.org/pages/lega va.html.
l/shiva.html
Page from “Media Giants.” Frontline: The Media giants. (2001). Frontline: The “Media Giants.” Frontline: The Merchants of
Website with Merchants of Cool. PBS Online, 2001. Merchants of Cool. Retrieved from PBS Cool.
unknown Web. 7 Feb. 2006. Online http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/
author http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/fron shows/cool/giants.
tline/shows/cool/giants/
Image from a Goya, Francisco. The Family of Charles Goya, F. (1800). The family of Charles IV. Goya, Francisco. The Family of Charles IV.
The Purdue OWL: Citation Chart 5
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Medium of publication. Date of
access.
CD‐ROM “Pimpernel.” The American Heritage Pimpernel. (2000). [CD‐ROM].The “Pimpernel.” The American Heritage
Dictionary of the English Language. American Heritage Dictionary of the Dictionary of the English Language. 4th ed.
4th ed. Boston; Houghton, 2000. CD‐ English Language. 4th ed. Boston; Houghton, 2000. CD‐ROM.
ROM.
E‐mail Kunka, Andrew. "Re: Modernist Not included in references. Cited in notes only.
Literature." Message to the author. 1. Andrew Kunka, e‐mail message to
15 Nov. 2000. E‐mail. author, November 15, 2000.
Multimedia Sources MLA format for multimedia sources Electronic sources in APA format may When citing an internet source in CMS format,
requires a medium description at the include a digital object identifier (DOI) include as much information as is available
end of the citation. Film, DVD, radio, number. When a DOI is evident, it may regarding author, site title, site sponsor, and
Web, a performance, and other be used in place of a URL address. An any available URL. An access date is not
descriptions should be used to indicate online source should include either a needed in CMS formatting.
the type of multimedia that is being DOI or a URL.
referenced.
Video or film An Inconvenient Truth. Dir. David Guggenheim, D. (Director), & Bender, L. An Inconvenient Truth. United States:
Guggenheim. Narr. Al Gore. (Producer). (2006). An inconvenient Paramount Home Education, 2006. DVD, 94
Paramount, 2006. DVD. truth [DVD]. United States: Paramount min.
Home Entertainment.
Podcast/ Murphy, Beth. “Tips for a Good Profile Murphy, B. (2008, September 19). Tips Murphy, Beth. “Tips for a Good Profile Piece.”
YouTube Piece.” Project: Report. YouTube, 7 for a good profile piece.” [YouTube]. Project: Report. YouTube.
Sept. 2008. Web. 19 Sept. 2008. Project: Report. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cuA2Vc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cu dqB9k/
A2VcdqB9k/
Lecture/ Teplin, Linda A. et. al. “Early Violent Teplin, L. A., McClelland, G. M., Abram, Teplin, Linda A., Gary M. McClelland, Karen M.
Public address Death in Delinquent Youth: A K. M., & Washburn, J. J. (2005). Early Abram, and Jason J. Washburn. “Early
Prospective Longitudinal Study.” violent death in delinquent youth: a Violent Death in Delinquent Youth: A
Annual Meeting of the American prospective longitudinal study. Prospective Longitudinal Study.” Paper
Psychology‐Law‐Society. La Jolla, [Presentation]. Paper presented at the presented at the Annual Meeting of the
California. March, 2005. Presentation. Annual Meeting of the American American Psychology‐Law‐Society, La Jolla,
Psychology‐Law‐Society. La Jolla, CA. CA, March 2005.
Other Sources
The Purdue Brizee, Allen, and Elyssa Tardiff. “Four Brizee, A., & Tardiff, E. (2010, April 7). Brizee, Allen, and Elyssa Tardiff. “Four Main
The Purdue OWL: Citation Chart 7
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12. Stephen C. Pepper, World Hypotheses
(Los Angeles: University of California Press,
1961), 49.
Author not This phenomenon is best referred to as This phenomenon is best referred to as This phenomenon is best referred to as a
named in a a “cumulative collaboration of a “cumulative collaboration of “cumulative collaboration of evidence.”12
signal phrase evidence” (Pepper 49). evidence” (Pepper, 1961, p. 49).
12. Stephen C. Pepper, World Hypotheses
(Los Angeles: University of California Press,
1961), 49.
Unknown This phenomenon is best referred to as This phenomenon is best referred to as This phenomenon is best referred to as a
author a “cumulative collaboration of a “cumulative collaboration of “cumulative collaboration of evidence.”12
evidence” (World Hypotheses 49). evidence” (World Hypotheses, 1961, p.
49). 12. World Hypotheses, (Los Angeles:
University of California Press, 1961), 49.
Unknown This phenomenon is best referred to as This phenomenon is best referred to as This phenomenon is best referred to as a
page number a “cumulative collaboration of a “cumulative collaboration of “cumulative collaboration of evidence.”12
evidence” (Pepper). evidence” (Pepper, Evidence and
Corroboration section, para. 22). 12. Stephen C. Pepper, World Hypotheses,
(Los Angeles: University of California Press,
1961).
More than Philosopher Stephen C. Pepper refers to Philosopher Stephen C. Pepper refers to Philosopher Stephen C. Pepper refers to this
one work by this phenomenon as a “cumulative this phenomenon as a “cumulative phenomenon as a “cumulative collaboration
the same collaboration of evidence” (World collaboration of evidence” (World of evidence,”12 which he hints toward in
author Hypotheses 49), which he hints toward Hypotheses, 1961, p. 49), which he hints earlier work as well.13
in earlier work as well (“Emergence” toward in earlier work as well
241). (“Emergence”, 1926, p. 241). 12. Stephen C. Pepper, World Hypotheses,
(Los Angeles: University of California Press,
1961), 49.
13. Stephen C. Pepper, “Emergence,” The
Journal of Philosophy 23, no. 9 (1926).
Two or three Shirley K Rose and Irwin Weiser note in Rose and Weiser (2010) note the Shirley K Rose and Irwin Weiser note in Going
authors Going Public the importance of importance of redefining expectations Public the importance of redefining
redefining expectations for faculty work for faculty work (p. 3). expectations for faculty work.6
The Purdue OWL: Citation Chart 9
(3). 6. Shirley K Rose and Irwin Weiser, Going
Public, (Utah: University Press, 2010).
Four or more Some studies that focus specifically on In 1990, Anderson, Best, Black, Hurst, Some studies that focus specifically on
authors undergraduate perspectives of Miller, and Miller produced a study that undergraduate perspectives of academic
academic writing found a variety of focused specifically on undergraduate writing found a variety of approaches.2
approaches (Anderson et al. 11). perspectives of academic writing, and
they found a variety of approaches in 2. Worth Anderson and Others, “Cross‐
place (p. 11). Curricular Underlife: A Collaborative Report
on Ways with Academic Words,” College
Composition and Communication 41, no. 1.
Corporate The American Psychological This study demonstrated the significant This study demonstrated the significant role of
author Association’s study demonstrated the role of prayer as a coping mechanism prayer as a coping mechanism for health.9
significant role of prayer as a coping for health (American Psychological
mechanism for health (67). Association, 2011, p. 67). 9. American Psychological Association,
“National Trends in Prayer Use as a Coping
Mechanism for Health Concerns: Changes
from 2002 to 2007,” Psychology of Religion
and Spirituality.
Authors with Use the first initial to differentiate (A. Use the first initial to differentiate (A. Does not apply because endnotes will
the same last Smith 19). Smith, 2009, p. 19). differentiate.
name
Encyclopedia Romance languages have a curious Romance languages have a curious Use endnote only, does not appear in
history (“Romance Languages”). history (Posner, 1987). bibliography.
1. The Encyclopedia Britannica:
Macropedia, 15th ed., s.v. “Romance
Languages.”
Multivolume Use the volume number followed by the Use the page number and date; indicate 10. Phillip P. Weiner, Dictionary of the
work page number in the citation, e.g., (2: the volume in the reference section History of Ideas, 6 vols, (Charles Scribner and
119). only. Sons, 2004).
Two or more Many 19th century American authors Many 19th century American authors Many 19th century American authors noted
works in the noted the importance of religion in noted the importance of religion in the importance of religion in conceiving
same conceiving nature (Emerson 1123; conceiving nature (Emerson 1836; nature.22
parentheses Thoreau 1994). Thoreau, 1862).
The Purdue OWL: Citation Chart 10
22. Henry David Thoreau, “Walking,” 1862;
Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Nature,” 1836.
An entire Thoreau’s “Walking” demonstrates a Thoreau’s “Walking” (1862) Thoreau’s “Walking” demonstrates a
work fascination with sauntering. demonstrates a fascination with fascination with sauntering.22
sauntering.
22. Henry David Thoreau, “Walking,” 1862.
Work in an Use the selection’s name and page Cite the specific work only, not the 19. Zora Neale Hurston, “From Dust Tracks
anthology number, not the editor. anthology or its editor. on a Road,” in The Norton Book of American
Autobiography, ed. Jay Parini (New York:
The life of poverty in the south is The life of poverty in the south is Norton, 1999), 336.
captured by Hurston’s candid captured by Hurston’s candid
autobiography, “From Dust Tracks on a autobiography, “From Dust Tracks on a
Road” (336). Road” (1942).
Multimedia Sources
Video or film Cite as in‐text document using release Cite as in‐text document using release 45. The Secret of Roan Inish, DVD, directed
date. date. by John Sayles (1993; Culver City, CA:
Columbia Tristar Home Video, 2000).
The role of Irish folklore is depicted in The role of Irish folklore is depicted in
contemporary films such as John contemporary films such as John
Sayles’s, The Secret of Roan Inish. Sayles’s, The Secret of Roan Inish
(1993).
Podcast/ Use video author/podcast name and Use video/podcast author name, if Treat as a document from a website.
YouTube given title. known, title, and posting date.
31. David Kestenbaum, “A Big Bridge in the
The quirks of spending become obvious The quirks of spending become obvious Wrong Place,” Planet Money Podcast,
when listening to productions such as when listening to productions such as National Public Radio,
David Kesetenbaum’s podcast, “A Big David Kesetenbaum’s podcast, “A Big http://www.npr.org/blogs/money
Bridge in the Wrong Place,” on Planet Bridge in the Wrong Place,” on Planet
Money. Money (2011).
Lecture/ The problem of violent death among The problem of violent death among If using an unpublished lecture or address, cite
Public address delinquent youths was carefully delinquent youths was carefully in writing only.
documented by Teplin et al. in an documented by Teplin et al. in an
address delivered in 2005 at the Annual address delivered at the Annual President Obama noted during an address on
Meeting of the American Psychology‐ Meeting of the American Psychology‐ August 1, 2011 that . . .
The Purdue OWL: Citation Chart 11