Raman Amplifier

† Introduction
† Basic Raman Concept
† High Power Raman Fiber Lasers
† Raman Fiber Amplifier
† Combining EDFA and Raman Amplifier
† Conclusion

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 Introduction

† Raman Amplifier was demonstrated in the 1980s

† Unavailability of high-power diode laser pump source
† Why do you need it :
amplify signals from 1270 to 1670 nm
any optical fiber can serve as the amplifying medium
† Raman process itself provides high-power laser
† Disadvantage: Cross-talk

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 Basic Raman Concept

† Raman scattering from molecular vibration

† Brillouin scattering from sound wave: Brillouin Amplifier
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 Basic Raman Concept

† Spontaneous process: linear

† Stimulated process: Raman laser
† Coherent anti-Stokes scattering: Raman amplifier

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 Basic Raman Concept

† Raman Spectrum from SiO2 fiber

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 Basic Raman Concept

† Need high power laser

† Need large Raman cross section
† GeO2 Germania: Large Raman cross-section, refractive index

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 Raman Fiber Laser

† Higher-order Raman spectrum

† Laser source: Raman fiber laser

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 Raman Fiber Laser

† High power are possible

† 5 W, 9.2 W diode-pumped Nd3+ cladding-pumped Raman fiber lasers
† 6.8 W diode-pumped Yb3+ cladding-pumped Raman fiber lasers
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 Raman Fiber Laser

† High-order Raman scattering

† Partially reflecting (20%) fiber grating
† Eight out of ten photons are converted to the output
† Capable of generating high power light at any wavelength from 1.2 to 1.7
microns
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 Raman Fiber Laser

How Does Cascaded Raman Laser Work

† Raman Stokes
† Stimulated Raman Scattering
† Four Wave Mixing
† Easy phase matching

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 Raman Amplifier

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 Raman Amplifier

† Coherent anti-Stokes Scattering

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 Raman Amplifier

† Phase Matching

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 Raman Amplifier

† Amplifier Gain

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 Raman Amplifier

† Wide bandwidth Raman amplifier can be realized using

multiple pumps
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 Raman Amplifier

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 Raman Amplifier

† Lossless transmission by Raman amplifier

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 Raman Amplifier

† Walk-off due to wavelength mismatch in a pulsed Raman amplifier

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 Raman Amplifier

† Multistage Amplifier
† Counter propagating pump

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 EDFA+Raman

† Combined Raman and EDFA transmission Experiment:

DWDM (Lucent)
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 EDFA+Raman

† Wide band amplification is possible by dividing into sub-

bands (Lucent)
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 EDFA+Raman

† Gain-flattened EDFA+Raman ( Japan)

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 EDFA+Raman

† Gain-flattened EDFA+Raman ( Japan)

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 EDFA+Raman

† Gain-flattened EDFA+Raman (Japan)

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 Conclusions
† High-power laser sources are available by Raman process
itself.
† 200 to 400 nm Bandwidth Amplifiers are possible
Raman, EDFA combination
Flat gain for WDM
New fiber lasers and gratings make it practical
† System with Terabits of capacity are possible

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 References

† Optical Fiber Telecommunications, Ivan P. Kaminow (1997)

† Optical Amplifier and Their Application, Douglas M. Baney
(1998)
† Waveguide Optoelectronics, J. H. March (1990)

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