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32 Pangestu et al Obstet Gynecol
Research Article
Willy Pangestu, Maria Loho, Freddy Wagey
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Faculty of Medicine University of Sam Ratulangi/
Prof. Dr. RD Kandou Hospital
Manado
Abstract Abstrak
Correspondence: Willy Pangestu. Address: Malalayang I Tanawangko Manado, telephone: 085340165248.
email: willymuliawanpangestu@yahoo.com
Table 2. Normality of Data Distribution
Kolmogorov Asymp. Sig.
Patient Characteristics n Mean SD Smirnov Z (2tailed)
Age (years) 31 58.71 3.88 0.515 0.954
Weight (kg) 31 53.65 11.76 0.959 0.316
BMI (kg/m2) 31 21.83 4.64 0.928 0.355
C‐telopeptide (ng/ml) 31 0.52 0.25 0.764 0.603
OSTA 31 ‐1.02 2.54 0.932 0.350
Formula: OSTA = 3.03 7.72 Ctelopeptide
Figure 1. Simple Linear Regression between C‐telopeptide and OSTA score.
Vol 3, No 1
January 2015 OSTA in postmenopausal women 35
Simple linear regression provided a formula of mean body weight was 53.4K9.6 kg and the mean
OSTA = 3.03 ‐ 7.72 C‐telopeptide, indicating that BMI was 23.0K3.4 kg/m2. Their findings demon‐
any increase in the levels of C‐telopeptide of 1 strated that low BMI was often found in meno‐
ng/ml will be followed by a decline of OSTA score pause.14 Low BMI is also associated with lower
by 7.72. bone mineral density in the general population,
The difference in C‐telopeptide levels based on especially in the postmenopausal population. Our
OSTA osteoporosis risk classification of mild, mo‐ findings are supported by findings of Nackhbandi
derate or severe is was analyzed using Kruskal‐ et al, who stated that the effect of body weight on
Wallis test. The results of the analysis is presented bone mineral is greater in specific parts of the body
in Table 3 below. like the weight‐bearing bones of the femur and ti‐
bia.18 Trento et al discovered a negative correlation
Table 3 shows that mean C‐telopeptide levels between C‐telopeptide levels and BMI.19 Further‐
are 0.82K0.19 ng/ml in high risk OSTA classifica‐ more, Richy et al demonstrated a negative correla‐
tion, 0.62K0.21 ng/ml in moderate risk OSTA clas‐ tion between bone turnover and BMI.20 Lateef et
sification, and 0.34K0.09 ng/ml in low risk OSTA al have also established that markers of bone me‐
classification. Kruskal‐Wallis analysis showed that tabolic activity is inversely correlated with BMI.6
p=0.001, meaning that the average C‐telopeptide
levels in the three categories of OSTA risk classifi‐ Studies in the last decade have established the
cation are significantly different (p<0.05). role of leptin in the regulation of bone mineral.
Leptin is produced by adipocytes and contributes
to the regulation of energy homeostasis through
DISCUSSION appetite suppression and by increasing the energy
Previous literature have shown that increasing age usage. Peripheral leptin works in the bone by in‐
and weight loss is strongly correlated with a de‐ creasing osteoblast proliferation and bone matrix
crease in bone mineral density and an increased synthesis, resulting in increased bone mineral.21,22
risk of fractures. One of the simplest instruments Adipose tissue can alter androgens into estro‐
commonly used to identify the risk of osteoporosis gen. The more adipose tissue composition in a
in women with the tendency for low BMI is OSTA. woman’s body, the more estrogen is produced.
This instrument is recommended prior to bone Overweight women with a high body fat composi‐
mineral density examination and is quite effective tion will experience less decrease in bone mineral
for predicting the risk of osteoporosis in Asian density.3,18,21,23
population.
Most of our samples were classified as having
Buttros et al have demonstrated that age at low risk for osteoporosis based on their OSTA
menopause is a risk factor for osteoporosis.16 The score (more than 50% of our sample), while ap‐
incidence of osteoporosis also increases in the el‐ proximately a quarter of our sample was classified
derly population.5 Therefore, we can conclude the as having moderate risk and as much as 23% were
presence of a correlation between osteoporosis considered to have high risk for osteoporosis. This
with age.5,14,16,17
was contradictory to findings of Tao et al in China,
The correlation between BMI and osteoporosis where most of the samples were classified as being
risk in Asian women has been studied by Tao et al at high risk for osteoporosis (46.1%), more than a
in 271 postmenopausal Chinese women, where the third of the sample were classified as having mo‐
Table 3. Mean C‐telopeptide Level Based on OSTA Risk Classification
OSTA n Mean SD X2 p
Classification Ctelopeptide
High Risk 7 0.82 0.19
Moderate Risk 8 0.62 0.21 22.66 0.001
Low Risk 16 0.34 0.09
Indones J
36 Pangestu et al Obstet Gynecol
derate risk, and only 19.6% were classified as ha‐ demonstrated that OSTA had a sensitivity of 92%,
ving low risk for osteoporosis as determined by and specificity of 54%. A Japanese study further
OSTA classification.14 confirms the sensitivity of OSTA, producing a sen‐
sitivity of 98% and specificity 29%.15
In this study we discovered a significant nega‐
tive correlation between C‐telopetide levels and Based on the results of simple linear regression
osteoporosis risk based on OSTA classification in analysis, the coefficient of determination (R2) was
postmenopausal women with a correlation coeffi‐ found to be 0.589. This indicates that C‐telopeptide
cient of ‐0.768. This implies that the higher the C‐ is able to explain 58.9% of OSTA score variation,
telopeptide level, the lower the OSTA score. while 41.1% of OSTA variation can be explained by
other variables.
A cross‐sectional study conducted in France
showed that bone turnover will increase rapidly af‐
ter a woman enters menopause age, where there CONCLUSIONS
is an increase in osteocalcin and bone alkaline
From these results, we can conclude the presence
phosphatase levels by 50%, and C‐telopeptide le‐
of a negative correlation between plasma C‐
vels by 50‐150%.9 A study conducted in Manado
telopeptide with osteoporosis risk classification us‐
in 2010 demonstrated that C‐telopeptide is an in‐
ing OSTA in postmenopausal women. Therefore, it
fluential variable in the physiological changes oc‐
is suggested that examination of C‐telopeptide le‐
curring in perimenopausal women.24 Another stu‐
vels should be developed in the management of
dy in North Sumatra in 2010 showed that bone
bone metabolism disorders in postmenopausal
turnover is higher in postmenopausal women in
women. Moreover, OSTA assessment can be ap‐
comparison to women of reproductive age.25
plied in the community to screen asymptomatic
Meanwhile, a study in Pakistan demonstrated the
postmenopausal women with risk for osteoporosis
correlation of bone mineral density with osteocal‐
because it is relatively easy and inexpensive, ma‐
cin and C‐telopeptide in postmenopausal women
king it suitable for conditions where there is no
and found a negative correlation between age and
DXA implement. Further research is needed to de‐
bone mineral density. A positive correlation was
termine the sensitivity of both OSTA and C‐telo‐
observed between osteocalcin and C‐telopeptide,
peptide in determining the risk for osteoporosis.
as well as between C‐telopeptide and age.
Salleh et al reported significant elevation in C‐
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