• Aim

• What is Optimization?
• What is Production Optimization?
• Production Optimization Using Nodal Analysis
• Improved Nodal Analysis for Horizontal Well
• Factors Affects Pressure Losses in Horizontal Section
• Factors Affects Pressure Losses in Inclination Section
• What is PROSPER?
• Applications of PROSPER
• Results
• Unimaginable Point!
• Conclusion
2
• References
The aim of this project is to optimize the production in horizontal
wells, there are several methods to optimize production in
horizontal wells. One of the most effective way to achieve the
gaol is increasing horizontal well section.

3
Optimization is an act, process,
or methodology of making as
fully perfect, functional, or
effective as possible, specifically
the mathematical procedures
involved in this.

4
• The term ‘‘production optimization’’
has been used to describe different
processes in the oil and gas industry.
• Production Optimization means
Balance between Production rate /
Deliverability and demand.
• Production Optimization includes a
good understanding about Production
Systems and Reservoir Fluid.
5
• Well deliverability is determined by
the combination of well inflow
performance and wellbore flow
performance.
• This work focuses on prediction of
achievable fluid production rates
from reservoirs with specified
production string characteristics.
• The technique of analysis is called
“Nodal Analysis” Gilbert (1956) (10)
6
production optimization using Nodal Analysis (2) 7
After improve nodal
analysis for horizontal
well, two important
section will be increased
that are following:

• Horizontal Section
• Inclination Section

8
1. The characteristics and physical
properties of the fluid.
2. Friction in pipes.
3. Energy losses in fitting.
4. Pressure drop through equipment.
5. The distance or length the fluid must
travel.
6. Diameter change of the pipe.

9
Factors affects pressure losses in horizontal
section same as bent section, only one factor
will be added which is Pressure Losses
whenever the flow direction changes.

The pressure loss in a bend can thus

be calculated as:

10
• PROSPER is a well performance, design and
optimization program.

• PROSPER is designed to allow the building of reliable

and consistent well models, with the ability to
address each aspect of well bore modelling PVT, VLP
correlations and IPR.

• PROSPER enables detailed surface pipeline

performance and design: Flow Regimes, pipeline
stability, Slug Size and Frequency.

11
• Design and optimize well completions including
multi-lateral, multilayer and horizontal wells.
• Design and optimize tubing and pipeline sizes.
• Design, diagnose and optimize Gas lifted, Hydraulic
pumps and ESP wells.
• Calculate pressure losses in wells, flow lines and
across chokes.
• Predict flowing temperatures in wells and pipelines.
• Calculate total skin and determine breakdown.
• Allocate production between wells.

12
Results: IPR curve
IPR p lot Ho ri zon tal We ll - No Flo w Bo undari es (HW 05/14/2016 - 1 1:5 8:1 5)

4000
Infl ow T ype Si ngl e Branch
AOF : 82543.8 (ST B/day) Completi on Cased Hol e
Formati on PI : 41.07 (ST B/day/psi ) Sand Control None
Gas Coni ng No
SK IN : 5
Reservoir Model Horizontal W el l - No Fl ow Boundaries
M& G Skin Model Enter Ski n B y Hand
Compacti on Permeabi li ty Reducti on Model No
3000 Rel ati ve P ermeabil i ty No
Formati on PI 41.07 (ST B /day/ps i)
Absol ute Open Fl ow (AOF) 82543.8 (ST B /day)
Reservoir Pres sure 4000.00 (ps ig)
Reservoir T emperature200.00 (deg F)
W ater Cut 0 (perc ent)
T otal GOR400.00 (sc f/S T B)
Reservoir Perm eabi li ty150.00 (md)
Pressure (psig)

Reservoir T hic knes s 100.0 (feet)

W ell bore Radi us 0.354 (feet)
2000 Reservoir Porosi ty (fracti on)
Horizontal Ani s otropy 1 (fracti on)
Verti c al A ni sotropy 0.1 (fracti on)
Length Of W el l2000.0 (feet)
Reservoir Length5000.0 (feet)
Reservoir W i dth5000.0 (feet)
Di s tanc e From Length E dge T o Centre Of W el l2500.0 (feet)
Di s tanc e From W idth Edge T o Centre Of W el l2500.0 (feet)
Di s tanc e From Bottom T o Centre Of W el l 50.0 (feet)
Ski n 5
1000

0
0 21000 42000 63000 84000

Rate (S T B/day)
D:\Koya Uni \Prod Eng II - 2015-2016\proj ec t\H.W Opt\PROSPE R Model \T 04_HORIZONT ALOILW E LL.Out

13
Results: Well Capacity
Inf low (IPR) v Outf low (V LP) Plot (HW 05/15/2016 - 08:35:04)

E
6000 Soluti on Point
E
Liqui d Rate18453.6 (STB/day)
E Oi l Rate18453.6 (STB/day)
Water Rate 0 (STB/day)
Gas Rate 7.381 (MMs cf/day)
Soluti on Node Press ure3354.18 (ps ig)
dP Fri cti on 823.12 (ps i)
dP Gravi ty2237.76 (ps i)
4500 dP T otal Skin 196.48 (ps i)
dP Perforation 0 (ps i)
dP Damage 0 (ps i)
dP Completion 0 (ps i)
Completion Skin 5.00
Total Skin 5.00
Wel lhead Li quid Densi ty 52.761 (l b/ft3)
Wel lhead Gas Dens ity0.87847 (l b/ft3)
Pressure (psig)

Wel lhead Li quid Visc osi ty 2.3440 (c entipois e)

Wel lhead Gas Vis cos ity 0.012674 (c entipois e)
3000 Wel lhead Superfic ial Liqui d Veloc ity 14.432 (ft/s ec)
Wel lhead Superfic ial Gas Veloci ty 56.913 (ft/s ec)
Wel lhead Z Fac tor0.96557
Wel lhead Interfac ial Tensi on14.9531 (dyne/cm)
Wel lhead Pres sure 250.00 (ps ig)
Wel lhead Temperature 172.16 (deg F)
Firs t Node Liqui d Dens ity 52.761 (l b/ft3)
Firs t Node Gas Dens ity0.87847 (l b/ft3)
Firs t Node Liqui d Vis cos ity 2.3440 (c entipois e)
Firs t Node Gas Vi sc os ity 0.012674 (c entipois e)
1500 Firs t Node Superfic ial Liquid Veloci ty 14.432 (ft/s ec)
Firs t Node Superfic ial Gas Vel oc ity 56.913 (ft/s ec)
Firs t Node Z Fac tor0.96557
Firs t Node Interfac ial T ens ion14.9531 (dyne/cm)
Firs t Node Pres s ure 250.00 (ps ig)
Firs t Node Temperature 172.16 (deg F)

0
0 10000 20000 30000 40000

Liqui d Rate (STB/day)

PVT Method Bl ac k Oi l
Fluid Oi l
Top Node Press ure250.00 (ps ig)
Water Cut 0 (perc ent)
Infl ow Type Si ngle Branc h 14
Completion Cas ed Hole
Flow Type Tubing Bottom Meas ured Depth8050.0 (feet)
Sand Control None
Results: Well Length Optimization Reuslts
Inf low (IPR) v Outf low (V LP) Plot (HW 05/14/2016 - 12:04:10)

E
6000 Vari ables
1
2
3
4
5
E 1:Wel l Length (feet)
0 1 2 3
E 0=500.0
1=1000.0
2=1500.0
3=2000.0
4=2500.0
5=3000.0
4500
Pressure (psig)

5
3000 4
3

1
1500

0
0 10000 20000 30000 40000

Liqui d Rate (STB/day)

PVT Method Bl ac k Oi l Top Node Press ure250.00 (ps ig)

15
Infl ow Type Si ngle Branc h
Fluid Oi l Water Cut 0 (perc ent)
Completion Cas ed Hole
Results: Well Length Sensitivity Results

16
Results: Well Length Sensitivity Results
4000

3500

3000

2500
Pwf

2000

1500

1000

500

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Well Length

17
Results: Well Length Sensitivity Data Results

Well length in Pressure in Production rate

ft psi STB/day

500 2706.98 11689.5

1000 3036.53 15233.2

1500 3226.67 17152.5

2000 3354.18 18453.6

2500 3448.84 19379.3

3000 3522.08 20062.4

18
• With increasing length, pressure
drop must be increased.

• Also with increasing length, Pwf &

Flowrate will be increased.

19
well length Pwf dp friction dp gravity
500 2706.98 388.5 2045.59
1000 3036.53 600.26 2153.6
1500 3226.67 728.4 2207.15
2000 3354.18 823.1 2237.77
2500 3448.84 892.15 2259.63
3000 3522.08 944.54 2275.82

20
21
• Horizontal wells are better than vertical.
• To optimize production in horizontal wells, many factors can
be considered.
• The production can be optimized by increasing of length of
horizontal section.
• The PROSPER can be helpful to achieve the results, it may be
used to choose the best result.

22
1. Petroleum Production Engineering, A Computer-Assisted Approach by
Boyun Guo, PH.D. , William C. Lyons, PH.D. and Ali Ghalambor, PH.D.
2. Production Optimization Using Nodal Analysis by H. Dale Beggs, 1991
Oklahoma.
3. Development and Applications of Production Optimization Techniques by
PENGJU WANG, 2003 Stanford.
4. Pressure drop evaluation along pipelines
https://www.scribd.com/doc/284696108/Theory
5. Fluid-Flow Theory, Energy Losses in Flow
http://www.nzifst.org.nz/unitoperations/flfltheory5.htm#frictioninpipes
6. Pressure Loss Form Fittings – Expansion and Reduction in Pipe Size
https://neutrium.net/fluid_flow/pressure-loss-from-fittings-expansion-
and-reduction-in-pipe-size/
23
7. Flow in Pipes
http://www.uomisan.edu.iq/eng/ar/admin/pdf/26059867395.pdf
8. Bends, Flow and Pressure Drop in by Jayanti, Sreenivas
http://www.thermopedia.com/content/577/
9. Its application to well producing system was first proposed by Gilbert
(1954)
10. PROSPER, Petroleum Experts, User Manual, Version 11.5, January 2010

24
25