DGNB Core14

DGNB CRITERION ECO1.
1
LIFE CYCLE COST
CORE AND SCHEME SHEET

Offices Version 2014
TOPIC
Economic Quality
CRITERIA GROUP
Life Cycle Cost
RELEVANCE FACTOR
3
SHARE OF TOTAL SCORE
9,6%
© DGNB GmbH
Economic Quality Page 2 of 26
ECO1.1 LIFE CYCLE COST
OBJECTIVES AND RELEVANCE
Costs arise throughout a building’s life cycle: from construction, through operation and maintenance, to
demolition. From an economic perspective, the aim is to reduce the building’s total life cycle costs (LCC) to
a minimum.
The objective of the LCC analysis in certification is to facilitate a comparison between different buildings with
the same use. This requires clear rules for identifying and documenting building costs as well as compara-
ble benchmarks for their evaluation. These rules create clear parameters which allow evaluations of differ-
ent buildings with the same use to be compared.
In order to focus on construction-based LCC, the evaluation is based on certain key costs categories which
are calculated for a pre-defined study period.
Additional Explanation
Design and construction processes often focus on reducing initial construction cost. Costs incurred through-
out the building’s entire life cycle, such as the follow-up costs during its use, are often neglected.
As part of a holistic approach to LCC, the analysis should be based on a defined scope and time period.
Thus decisions about the design and the construction decisions can be taken with a long term view, taking
into account selected costs in use, weighted for the individual use phases.
METHOD
LCC is a valuable technique that is used for predicting and assessing the cost performance of constructed
assets. LCC is one form of analysis for determining whether a project meets the client’s performance re-
quirements (ISO 15686-Part 5).
All of the costs, from project development to construction and handover of the building, are defined as ac-
quisition costs. Maintenance and operation costs are determined at net present value over a period of 50
years. Costs are given as a net value per m² of gross floor area (GFA, total floor area according to ISO
9836). The evaluation is performed by comparing the building’s ecological performance data to comparable
buildings.
The following selected cost categories should be taken into account when calculating building-related life-
cycle costs:
Selected construction costs

Selected occupancy costs with
– selected operation costs (supply and disposal, cleaning, energy consumption, operation,
inspection, and maintenance) and selected maintenance costs
Selected dismantling and disposal costs
© DGNB GmbH
Calculation methods
1. Selected construction costs

The construction cost calculation is concerned with the separation of structural and technical building
components. For details, see APPENDIX 1.
Costs should be adjusted to reflect price levels for 2010 using relevant price indices for the country in
question. Costs are given as net costs per m² of gross floor area. Real construction costs must be included
where possible, however no more than 20% of the total sum of construction costs may be provided as cost
estimates.
2. Selected occupancy costs

This estimate is concerned with selected cost groups directly related to the building. For details, see
APPENDIX 2.
The occupancy cost estimate is concerned with the following indicators:
2.1. Selected operation costs

Supply and disposal
Costs for selected supply and disposal cost types are determined using set cost values for energy supply,
water supply, and disposal (average mixed prices).
Supply and disposal costs are calculated as net costs per m² of gross floor area. The conditions necessary
for determining supply and disposal costs are specified in APPENDIX 4. These costs are considered as
recurring payments due annually for every year of the period under consideration.
2.1.1 Selected supply costs: energy/electricity and water

Water
The calculation data contained in criterion ENV2.2 form the basis for determining drinking water supply
costs. The calculation results are linked to drinking water cost parameters.
Oil, gas, solid fuels, district heating, and electricity

Data contained pertaining to final energy carrier demand for space heating, domestic hot water, auxiliary
power, lighting, and air conditioning forms the basis for determining costs for oil, gas, solid fuels, piped heat,
and electricity.
The final energy demand is included in the evaluation. Data for the following items should be taken from
ENV 1.1. and ENV2.1:
Final Energy Demand for Heating [kWh/a]

Final Energy Demand for Warm Water [kWh/a]
Final Energy Demand for Ventilation [kWh/a]
Final Energy Demand for Air Conditioning [kWh/a]
Final Energy Demand for Lighting [kWh/a]
Final Auxiliary Energy Demand [kWh/a]
If systems in or on the building are connected to the grid (i.e. PV-systems), the following applies:
(1) For the first 20 years, the feed-in tariff is identified separately as a negative cost and included in the
life-cycle cost calculation.
© DGNB GmbH Offices Version 2014

(2) After the first 20 years, the building’s energy demand is reduced by the capacity of the installed
system and thus accounted for in the calculation via energy costs.
The calculation of feed-in and occupant consumption should be documented.
2.1.2 Sewage disposal

The calculation data contained in criterion ENV 2.2 form the basis for determining sewage disposal costs.
This data is linked to sewage disposal cost values.
2.1.3 Building cleaning and care

Costs for selected building cleaning cost types comprise the sum of maintenance costs for cleaning of
floors, windows/glass surfaces and sanitary facilities. The cost determination takes into account cleaning
effort in hours/m² of the building component, the cleaning cycle, and average hourly rates.
The effort for different building components is defined in APPENDIX 2.
Cleaning costs for floors are determined for different types of flooring, clustered by the type of surface.
Cleaning costs for windows also have to be determined for individual surfaces, depending on the
accessibility of the window. Consider both sides of glass.
Building cleaning costs can be calculated using the chart ‘cleaning’ included in the DGNB Tool for ECO1.1.
Variables for hourly rates and cleaning per year can be adapted to country-specific conditions in agreement
with DGNB.
2.1.4 Operation, inspections, and maintenance

Operation of technical building equipment
For the purposes of the certification cost estimate, costs for operating technical building equipment are not
taken into account.
Inspection and maintenance of the building structure

Annual costs for inspection and maintenance of the building structure are estimated as a percentage of the
construction costs for the components of the structure in accordance with APPENDIX 1.
This cyclical maintenance and inspection cost is 0.1% per year (see APPENDIX 3).
Inspection and maintenance costs for building structure are considered recurring payments due annually for
every year of the period under consideration.
Inspection and maintenance of technical building equipment

Cyclical costs for inspection and maintenance of the technical building equipment are estimated as a
percentage of its component construction costs in accordance with APPENDICES 1 and 3.
Inspection and maintenance costs for technical building equipment are considered recurring payments due
annually for every year of the period under consideration.
2.2 Repair costs

Repair costs for the building structure and technical building equipment are viewed as annually recurring
payments. These costs are estimated using APPENDIX 3.
It is important to fully account for replacement investments for building components which have a service life
shorter than 50 years. Cost estimates are always based on the assumption that components will not be
replaced until their calculated service life has expired. Costs for disassembly and for disposal of replaced
parts are not included.

2.2.1 Repair of building structure

The components of the building structure for which replacement costs are included are identified in
APPENDIX 1.
The average repair cost of 1.0% over a 50 year service life is applied to the selected components of the
building structure according to APPENDIX 3.
2.2.2 Repair of technical building equipment

The technical building equipment components for which replacement costs are included are identified in
APPENDIX 1.
The average repair cost is applied to the selected components of the technical building equipment
according to APPENDIX 3.
3. Dismantling and disposal costs

Dismantling and disposal costs are not taken into account in the current version.
4. Basic principles of life-cycle costing

General principles
Net Present Value (NPV) is a standard method used to determine the present value of future cash flows.
NPV provides a formula for discounting future cash flows and for using the time value of money to appraise
long-term projects. Used for capital budgeting and widely used throughout economics, finance, and
accounting, it includes the year of transferral and the expected discount rates over the relevant time period
to convert the sum transferred into an equivalent sum in the present day.
C C C
= C + + +. . . +
1+d 1+d 1+d
C
= C +
1+d
whereby
C0 is the initial investment

Cn is the cost in year n
d is the expected real discount rate per annum
n is the number of years between the base date and the occurrence of the cost
p is the period of analysis
DGNB specifications for NPV

Discount rate d:
A set discount rate is used to determine net present value over the specified period, see scheme
specification in the overview.
Period of analysis p:
Generally, the DGNB method considers life cycle cost over a period of 50 years. In some DGNB schemes,
this period may vary to reflect market conditions in the relevant sector.

Annual price increase:

A set price-increase factor is used to account for projected annual price increases. This factor is set out in
APPENDIX 5.
Adaptation to German price benchmarks

General principles
DGNB has developed an LCC tool to simplify the audit procedure. Costs are entered into the DGNB LCC
tool in local currency and adapted to German prices. DGNB conducted a worldwide comparison of building
construction costs to arrive at a factor to compare German prices to other countries.
This process is automatically completed when the relevant country and its related adaptation factors are
entered in the ‚cost calculation‘ chart. The adaptation factors are listed in APPENDIX 6.
Costs must be entered into the LCC tool at 2010 levels (December). The tool generates project specific
costs per square meter in local currency as well as in Euro and calculates the checklist points to be entered
into the evaluation matrix.
1. Selected construction costs

All construction costs listed in APPENDIX 1 and entered into the LCC tool are automatically converted to
German prices.
2. Selected operation costs

The following costs entered into the LCC tool are automatically converted to German prices:
2.1.4 Operation, inspections, and maintenance

2.2.1 Repair of building structures
2.2.2 Repairs to hnical building equipment
Terms and defintions

For the calculation of life-cycle costs, please consider the following definitions:
Operation
Methods of upkeep and restoration to a structure's proper condition, as well as determination and evaluation
of the present condition of a system's technical equipment. Operation comprises maintenance, inspection,
and repair.
Repair
Measures to restore the proper condition of a system's technical equipment.
Replacement
Whilst repairs are aimed at maintaining constant operability, replacement involves a renewal investment
necessitated by aging, damage, or advances in technology. Cost estimates are always based on the
assumption that components will not be replaced until their calculated service life has expired.

Scheme specific description
SPECIFICATION NEW OFFICE BUILDINGS
Period of analysis 50 years
Life cycle phases Construction, operation, and maintenance
Cost categories according to APPENDIX 1
Calculations included Heating demand, drinking water demand and waste

water demand, cleaning costs
Price increase for selected cost According to APPENDIX 5

categories
expected real discount rate per 5,5%

annum d
Reference base m² gross floor area (GFA) according to ISO 9836
Permissable simplification Max. 20% cost estimates
The inclusion or exclusion of construction components

must correspond to the parameters applied to ENV1.1
Partial results to show in docu- Net present value separated in

mentation Structural building components
Technical building components
Operation costs separated into water, waste water,

energy, cleaning and maintenance
Operation costs separated for inspection and mainte-

nance
Repair costs (separated in structural and technical

building components)
Payment mode payment in arrears

Categorization
The building must be classified in one of the three following categories. The documentation of the classifica-
tion has to be plausible and comprehensible.
Category 1
Standard buildings
Category 2
Buildings with above-average demands for prestige:
durable, high value materials

requirements reflecting A1 locations
higher standard of technical building equipment
Classification as category 2 has to be justified in detail and verifiably established.
Category 3
High rise buildings where the finished floor level of the top floor of usable space is more than 60 m above
the surrounding ground level.
Exclusion of exceptional added

Added costs for measures arising from exceptional additional project requirements can be excluded from
the LCC calculation if sufficient evidence is provided. Typical examples include:
challenging ground conditions

structural support for surrounding structures
planning conditions, such as heritage requirements
innovative prototype developments
Additional costs must be quantified and documented (e.g. product sheets, quantity, and cost of components
etc.). Additional costs may be excluded from construction costs in order to arrive at standard construction
cost levels. Where additional costs cannot be quantified due to the innovative nature of the measures pro-
posed, standard costs may be included in the LCC calculation without further documentation or quantifica-
tion of additional costs arising from the innovation in question.
EVALUATION
The weighted life-cycle costs in €/m²GFA for selected structural and technical building components and for
selected costs of operation and maintenance, based on a 50-years period.

TABLE 1 Evaluation Points for LCC

CATEGORY 1 CATEGORY 2 CATEGORY 3 CLP
Building of average Building with excep- High rise building

with more than 60 m
standard tional conditions
3,720 [€ / m²GFA] 3,853 [€ / m²GFA] 4,553 [€ / m²GFA] 10
≤ 2,100 [€ / m²GFA] ≤ 2,300 [€ / m²GFA] ≤ 3,000 [€ / m²GFA] 100
Linear interpolation is possible.
Conversion table
TABLE 2
CHECKLIST POINTS (CLP) EVALUATION POINTS
LIMIT VALUE L 10 1
REFERENCE VALUE R 50 5
TARGET VALUE T 100 10
DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED
Examples of possible evidence include the following items. The allocation of points for individual indicators
must be backed up by comprehensive and plausible evidence.
1. Construction costs
Construction costs based on a cost determination or cost estimate; net cost per m²GFA
Listing and documentation of the building components listed in APPENDIX 1.
2. Occupancy costs
Water supply, power supply, and waste disposal cost information
Evidence of selected water supply, power supply and waste disposal costs in accordance with the
specifications laid out in APPENDIX 1and APPENDIX 4.

Based on calculations in accordance with criterion ENV 2.1:
final energy carrier demand for space heating and domestic hot water
demand for auxiliary energy and lighting
According to criterion ENV2.2:
drinking water demand
3. Maintenance Costs cost parameters

Information on cleaning costs
Evidence of selected building cleaning costs in accordance with APPENDIX 2:
regular floor cleaning

regular window cleaning
Information on operation, inspection, and maintenance costs

Evidence of operation, inspection, and maintenance costs for technical building equipment and building
structures listed in APPENDIX 1. Costs in accordance with APPENDIX 3:
information on repair costs

evidence of repair costs for technical building equipment and building structures

APPENDIX 1
The following building components, systems must be included in the respective cost types:
RELEVANT FOR
CONSTRUC RENEW AL MAINTENANCE ENERGY W ATER CLEANING BUILDI NG COMPONENTS CONTENT
TION
Structural building components Cost of construction and supplies to manufacture the building, but not including technical building equipment (see technical building equipment). Installed
components permanently affixed to the building structure are included if they serve a specific purpose, as well as overarching measures in connection
with the built structures
X X X Excavation Soil clearing, excavation, including working areas and embankments, storage, backfilling, transport to and from the site
X X X ExcavationRe Soil clearing, excavation including working areas and embankments, storage, backfilling, transport to and from the site
X X X Shoring works Lining, e.g. slurry, pile, sheet pile, soldier pile, injection and shotcrete walls including anchoring, bracing
X X X Water control Ground and formation water rectification during the building period
X X X Excavation, misc.
X X X Foundation Associated earthworks and blinding layers
X X X Ground improvement Soil replacement, compression, injection
X X X Shallow foundations Single foundations, strip foundations, foundation plates
X X X Deep foundations Pile foundation including grills, well foundations; anchoring
X X X Subfloors and floor plates Subfloors and floor plates which do not form part of the foundation
X X X Flooring Flooring on ground and foundation plates e.g. screed, sealing, damp course, protective, wear layers
X X X Construction waterproofing Sealing of the construction including filter, separating and protective layers
X X X Drainage Pipes, shafts, packing
X X X Foundation, misc.
X X X X X Exterior walls Walls and columns exposed to the elements or bordering the soil or other structures
X X X X X Load-bearing exterior walls Load-bearing exterior walls, including horizontal seals

X X X non-load-bearing exterior walls Exterior walls, parapets, infill walling, but without cladding
X X X Exterior columns Columns and piles with an aspect ratio
X X X X X Exterior doors and windows Windows, display windows, doors and gates, including window seats, frames,
X X X X X Exterior wall cladding, external fittings, drives, ventilation elements and other built-in components
X X X Exterior wall cladding, internal Exterior wall coatings, including stucco, sealing, and insulation layers on exterior walls and columns
X X X X X Modular external walls Interior wall coatings, including stucco, sealing, and insulation layers on internal
X X X X X Sun protection walls and columns
X X X External walls, misc. Modular walls, consisting of exterior walls, windows, doors, and coatings
X X X Interior walls Interior walls and interior columns
X X X Load-bearing interior walls Load bearing internal walls including horizontal seals
X X X Non-Load-bearing interior walls Internal walls, infills but without covering
X X X Interior columns Supports and pillars with an aspect ratio < 1: 5
X X X Interior doors and windows Doors and gates, windows and display windows including framing, fittings, drives and other built in elements
X X X Interior wall cladding Coverings including plaster, sealing, damp course, protective layers on internal walls and supports
X X X Mudolar interior walls Unitised walls consisting of internal walls, doors, windows, coverings e.g. folding and sliding panels, toilet partitions, partitions
X X X Interior walls, misc. Grids, rails, impact deflectors, hand rails, shutters including drives
X X X Ceilings Ceilings, staircases and ramps above the foundation/below the roof
X X X Ceiling structures Ceiling structures, stairs, ramps, balconies, loggias, including supports, filler structures, such as hollow components, subfloors, filler material, but not
including
X X X X X Ceiling coatings coatings or coverings
X X X Ceiling claddings coatings on ceiling structures, including screeds, seals, insulation, false and
X X X Ceilings, misc. floating floors
X X X Roofs Flat or slanted roofs
X X X Roof structures Structures of roofs, roof trusses, supporting structures and domes including suspending beams and joists, filling parts such as hollow components,
subfloors, filling material, however without surface and coverings
X X X Roof window, roof opening Windows, exits including frames, fittings, drives, ventilation elements and other built in elements

X X X Roof surfaces Surfaces on roof structures including shuttering, battens, slopes, sealing, damp course, protective and wear layers; Roof drainage up to connection to the
drainage system
X X X Roof covering Roof covering below roof structures including plaster, sealing, damp course, protective coats; illuminated and combined ceilings below roofs
X X X Roofs, misc. Rails, running boards, protective grids, snow guards, roof ladders, sun protection
X X X Fitted furnishings Costs of the fixtures permanently linked to the structure, however without the use specific equipment. It is proper that the fixtures make structural
planning measures necessary through their condition and attachment e.g. preparation of work plans, static and other calculations, connection of
installations
X X X General fixtures Fixtures which serve a general purpose e.g. furniture such as sitting and reclining furniture, seating, podiums, tables, counters, cabinets, cloakrooms,
shelves, fitted kitchens
X X X Special fixtures Fixtures which serve the particular purpose of an object e.g. workbenches in workshops, laboratory benches in laboratories,
stage curtains in theatres, altars in churches, fitted sports equipment in sports halls, operating tables in hospitals
X X X Structural fixtures, other e.g. smoke control curtains
X X X Other structural measures Overarching work related to building structures which cannot be classified under individual building-structure cost groups and is not covered by the other
cost groups
X X X Building site installation Installing, keeping available, operating, clearing of the superordinate building site installation, e.g. material and appliance sheds, storage rooms wash
rooms, toilet and common rooms, construction vehicles, mixing and transport equipment, energy and construction water connections, site access roads
storage and workplaces, traffic safety measures, covers, building signs, construction and protective fences, building lighting, rubble rectification
X X X Scaffolds Erecting, converting, dismantling, storing scaffolds
X X X Securing measures Securing measures on existing structures, e.g. underpinnings, bracings
X X X Termination measures Termination and dismantling work including intermediate storage of reusable parts, removal of the termination material provided that it is
not covered in other cost categories
X X X Repairs Measures to recreate the condition suitable for appropriate use provided that it cannot be covered in other cost categories
X X X Material disposal Disposal of materials and substances which occur on termination, on dismantling and on removal of components or in the course of construction work for
the purpose of recycling and or landfill
X X X Additional measures Additional measures during building work e.g. protection of people, material goods; cleaning prior to commissioning; measures on the basis of
requirements for water, landscape noise and vibration protection during the building period; protection for poor weather and winter building, heating of the
structure, snow clearing
X X X Temporary buildings Costs for the creation, rectification of temporary buildings, adaptation of the building until commissioning of the final building
X X X Other measures for building work, misc. structures which involve several cost categories e.g. locking systems, shafts, chimneys unless covered in other cost categories
Technical building components Cost of all permanently installed building-technical building equipment and its subassemblies. Individual technical building equipment include their
mounting frames, fasteners, fittings, heat and cold insulation, sound and fireproofing measures, covers, claddings, surface coatings, labeling, as well as
measuring, controlling, and regulating equipment
X X X X Sewage, water and gas systems
X X X X Sewage systems Drains, sewage pipes, sewage collection systems, sewage treatment facilities, pump systems
X X X X X Water systems Water supply, treatment, and pressurization systems, plumbing, distributed hot water heaters, sanitary facilities
X X X Gas systems Gas systems for commercial heating: Gas storage and production systems, transfer stations, pressure regulation systems and gas lines not included in
no. 2 and 7)
X X X Fire extinguishing systems Sprinkler systems and associated water lines, wall hydrants, fire extinguishing devices
X X X X Sewage, water and gas systems, misc. Installation blocks, sanitary units
X X X X Heat supply systems
X X X X Heat production systems Fuel supply, heat distribution stations, fuel-fired heating systems or renewables-
X X X X Heat distribution networks based heating including chimney connections, central water heaters
X X X X Space heating surfaces Pumps, distributors, ducts for space heating, air handling systems, and other
X X X X Heat supply systems, misc. heat consumers
X X X X Air handling systems Systems with or without a ventilation function
X X X X Ventilation systems Exhaust-air systems, supply air systems, supply and exhaust-air systems with or without a thermodynamic air treatment function
X X X X Partial Air-conditioning systems Systems with two or three thermodynamic air treatment functions
X X X X Air-conditioning systems Systems with four thermodynamic air treatment functions
X X X X Cooling systems Cooling systems for air-handling systems: Refrigeration and recirculation cooling systems, including pumps, distributors, and ducting
X X X X Air—handling systems, misc. Ventilated ceilings, cooling ceilings, exhaust-air windows, and floating floors not covered by other cost groups
X X X Three-phase current systems
X X X High and medium voltage systems Substations, transformers
X X X Internal power supply facilities Electric generators, including cooling, exhaust air and fuel supply systems, central battery and uninterrupted power supply systems, photovoltaic systems
X X X Low-voltage switching stations Low-voltage mains, power factor correction systems, maximum monitoring systems
X X X Low-voltage installation systems Cables, ducts, junction boxes, wiring systems, installation equipment
X X X X Lighting systems Permanent lighting, including bulbs
X X X Lightening and grounding facilities Collection devices, discharge systems, grounding systems
X X X Three-phase power systems, misc. Frequency converter
X X X Telecommunications and information technology Distribution systems, cables and ducting
systems
X X X Telecommunication systems

X X X Search and signalling equipment Paging systems, light and ringing signalling, door intercom and door opening systems
X X X Time equipment Clocks and time recording equipment
X X X Electro acoustic equipment PA systems, conference and interpreter systems, intercoms and intercommunication systems
X X X Television and aerial systems Television systems if not covered in the search, reporting, signal and hazard reporting systems including transmission and receiving antenna systems,
converters
X X X Hazard and alarm warning systems Fire, attack, burglar alarms, guard control systems, access control and room monitoring systems
X X X Transmission networks Networks for transmission of data, language, text and image provided that they are not covered in other cost categories, laying systems as long as they
are not covered in KG 444
X X X Telecommunications and information technology Parking management systems
systems, misc.
X X X Conveyance systems
X X X Elevator systems Personnel and freight elevators
X X X Escalators and people movers
X X X Lifts Façade lifts and other lifts
X X X Transport systems Automatic product conveyance systems, file conveyance systems, postal tube
systems
X X X Cranes Including lifting equipment
X X X Conveyance systems, misc. elevating platforms
X X X Building automation Cost of system-overarching automation, including distribution systems, cables and ducting
X X X Automation systems Automation stations with operating and observation installations, building automation functions, application software, licences, sensors and actuators,
interfaces for field appliances and other automation installations
X X X Switchgear cabinets Switchgear cabinets for housing automation systems with power, control and cut out components including associated cables and wiring, laying systems
provided that they are not covered in other cost categories
X X X Management and operation installations Superordinate installations for building automation and building management with operating stations, programming installations, application software,
licences, servers, interfaces for automation installations and external installations
X X X Room automation systems Room automation stations with operating and display installations, actuators, interfaces for field appliances and other installations
X X X Transmission networks Networks for data transmission provided that they are not covered in other cost categories
X X X Building automation, misc.
X X X Other technical building equipment Overarching work related to technical building which cannot be classified under individual building services cost groups and is not covered by the other
cost groups

APPENDIX 2
Cleaning
(see also chart in LCC-Tool)
BUILDING COMPONENT €/M²A
1 Glass surfaces
easily accesible 2,25
average 3,00
accessible with difficulty 4,50
2 Exterior wall claddings
soft natural stone 2,83
aluminium, stainless steel, copper sheets, 1,42

corrosion protected steel
ceramic, hard artificial stone/cut stone, natural 0,71

stone
sun protection 2,13
3 Interior doors and windows
interior doors 3,60
interior windows 2,25
4 Floor coverings

artificial stone, natural stone, plaster, flexible 6,30

flooring
textile flooring 7,08
timber flooring 6,30
5 Sanitary rooms
up to 10m² 89,25
up to 30m² 59,50
more than 30m² 44,63
The adaptation to local conditions is possible.
Hourly rate cleaning staff NETTO
Hourly rate for general cleaning 17,00 €/h
Hourly rate for cleaning glazing 22,50 €/h
The calculation is completed by the DGNB LCC tool.

APPENDIX 3
Inspection and maintenance and repair

For individual components of technical building equipment, the table in contains the following values:
calculated service life in years

cost of repairs as an annual percentage of the investment
cost of maintenance and inspection as an annual percentage of the investment
effort required for operation in hours per year
(For the purpose of certification, cost estimates shall not include the cost of system operation.)
NO. STRUCTURAL/TECHNICAL COMPONENTS ASSUMED SERVICE COST OF COST OF REPAIRS IN %
LIFE IN YEARS INSPECTION / PER YEAR
MAINTENANCE IN %
PER YEAR
A Structural components 0.1 Currently no estimate

of "ongoing" repairs.
Replacement invest-
ments following the
expiration of service
life should be ac-
counted for. Other-
wise, repair costs can
be fixed at 1.0% of all
structural building
components
B Technical components
1 Gas, water, and sewage systems 50 0.70 0.55
2 Heating As a total value - when costs are not detailed enough
Heating systems 25 0,6 0,5
In the case that costs are detailed
2.1 Benefit transfer 25 0 1

2.2 Distribution 50 0 1
2.3 Generation 25 1 2
2.4 Domestic hot water
2.5 Benefit transfer 15 1 1
2.6 Distribution (plumbing, etc.) 25 0 2
2.7 Generation 25 1 2
2.8 Water treatment systems 15 1 1
3 Indoor air-handling systems As a total value - when costs are not detailed enough
Air handling and refrigeration systems 25 1,4 2,4
In the case that costs are detailed
3.1 Benefit transfer, general 25 1 1
3.2 Heat recovery 25 10 2
3.3 Air cooler 25 4 2
3.4 Cooling ceiling 25 1 1
3.5 Humidifier/Dehumidifier 15 2 3
3.6 Distribution 25 0 1
3.7 Generation - cold 15 1 2

3.8 Generation - heat 25 1 2
4 Three-phase power systems 25 1 0.6
5 Telecommunications systems 25 0.70 0.25
6 Elevators 25 1.4 1.10
7 Waste disposal systems 25 1.6 1.4
8 Building management system 25 1 1.5

APPENDIX 4
Energy supply
MEDIUM TYPE NET PRICE /UNIT
Electricity (electricity power generation mix 0,20 €/kWh

Germany)
Oil 0,06 €/kWh
Natural gas 0,06 €/kWh
Wood pellets 0,05 €/kWh
Piped heat/ fossil 0,09 €/kWh

cogeneration
renewables 0,07 €/kWh
Drinking Water 2,01 €/m³
Sewage Waste water 2,14 €/m³
Rain water 1,10 €/m³

APPENDIX 5
Price increase cost calculation basis

For calculation of life-cycle costs please consider the following interest rates:
TYPE ARITHMETIC MEAN
General Price increase 2%
Specific Price increase for energy 4%
Specific Price increase for Water/Sewage 3%
Specific Price increase service 2%
Expected real discount rate per annum 5,5%

APPENDIX 6
Adaptation factors
(see also chart in LCC-Tool)
Adapting local construction and labour costs to German price levels

For the calculation of building related life cycles, we propose the following approach:
The construction costs for single building components or technical systems have to be adapted to German
prices. Therefore, we created a comparison regarding the costs for constructing and labour costs in other
countries to get a coefficient that describes the relation between German prices in comparison to other
countries.
The project’s cost of manufacture has to be multiplied with the coefficient from the table to get a weighted
cost of manufacture that is comparable. This step is automatically completed by the LCC tool.
COUNTRY FACTOR CONSTRUC- FACTOR LABOUR COSTS
TION COSTS
ARGENTINA N/A 1.75
BRAZIL 1.96 6.17
BULGARIA 1.81 11.92
CANADA 2.46 0.60
CHINA 2.11 15.10
CROATIA 1.93 3.69
CYPRUS 1.09 1.76
CZECH REPUBLIC 1.95 1.17
DENMARK 0.82 N/A
EGYPT 2.33 11.45

FINLAND 1.04 1.04
FRANCE 0.70 1.03
GERMANY 1.00 1.00
GREECE 0.97 1.95
HONG KONG 1.14 2.72
HUNGARY 1.89 2.21
INDIA 2.64 39.20
INDONESIA 2.96 17.59
IRELAND 1.07 0.91
ISRAEL 2.08 2.20
ITALY 0.98 0.85
JAPAN 0.70 0.85
KENYA 6.56 N/A
LEBANON 2.24 7.47
NETHERLANDS 1.65 0.44
NORWAY 0.74 0.64
POLAND 1.79 2.81

ROMANIA 1.98 5.77
SAUDI ARABIA N/A N/A
SINGAPORE N/A N/A
SLOVAKIA 2.04 1.46
SOUTH AFRICA 2.26 0.99
SPAIN 1.10 0.68
SRI LANKA 6.70 26.18
STATE OF QATAR 1.39 10.11
SWEDEN 0.83 1.08
SWITZERLAND 0.78 N/A
THAILAND* 4.07 4.47
TURKEY 2.39 4.28
UAE 2.03 14.10
UKRAINE 2.30 17.19
UNITED KINGDOM 1.09 1.48
USA 0.55 0.51
Adaptation factors for further countries to be agreed with DGNB
source: Construction Statistics Annual No. 12, edition 2011; office for national statistics (inverted value).

*sources for Thailand:

http://www.thaiappraisal.org/english/the2001/default.php; http://www.doingbusinessthailand.com/blog-thailand/buying-property-comparin-
construction-prices-in-bangko.html; http://www.tradingeconomics.com/thailand/wages; http://www.nationmultimedia.com/national/Skilled-
labourers-see-daily-wages-climb-30198824.html; http://thaifinancialpost.com/2013/05/02/bangkok-construction-workers-suggesting-
minimum-wage-raise/; http://www.boi.go.th/index.php?page=labor_costs
Local currency
COUNTRY LOCAL CURRENCY CURRENCY EXCHANGE
RATE
ARGENTINA ARS 5.318
BRAZIL BRL 2.228
BULGARIA BGN 1.956
CANADA CAD 1.336
CHINA CNY 8.820
CROATIA HRK 7.345
CYPRUS EUR 1.000
CZECH REPUBLIC CZK 25.064
DENMARK DKK 7.454
EGYPT EGP 7.769
FINLAND EUR 1.000
FRANCE EUR 1.000
GERMANY EUR 1.000

GREECE EUR 1.000
HONG KONG HKD 10.408
HUNGARY HUF 278.617
INDIA INR 59.613
INDONESIA IDR 12064.406
IRELAND EUR 1.000
ISRAEL ILS 4.740
ITALY EUR 1.000
JAPAN JPY 108.655
KENYA KES 108.135
LEBANON LBP 2009.428
NETHERLANDS EUR 1.000
NORWAY NOK 7.799
POLAND PLN 3.964
ROMANIA RON 4.284
SAUDI ARABIA SAR 5.016
SINGAPORE SGD 1.718

SLOVAKIA EUR 1.000
SOUTH AFRICA ZAR 8.868
SPAIN EUR 1.000
SRI LANKA LKR 148.478
STATE OF QATAR QAR 4.873
SWEDEN SEK 8.999
SWITZERLAND CHF 1.252
THAILAND THB 38.71
TURKEY TRY 2.069
UAE AED 4.913
UKRAINE UAH 10.609
UNITED KINGDOM GBP 0.858
USA USD 1.339
Adaptation factors for further countries to be agreed with DGNB

DGNB Core14

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DGNB CRITERION ECO1.

CORE AND SCHEME SHEET

OBJECTIVES AND RELEVANCE

Selected construction costs

1. Selected construction costs

2. Selected occupancy costs

The occupancy cost estimate is concerned with the following indicators:

2.1. Selected operation costs

2.1.1 Selected supply costs: energy/electricity and water

Oil, gas, solid fuels, district heating, and electricity

Final Energy Demand for Heating [kWh/a]

© DGNB GmbH Offices Version 2014

The calculation of feed-in and occupant consumption should be documented.

2.1.2 Sewage disposal

2.1.3 Building cleaning and care

2.1.4 Operation, inspections, and maintenance

Inspection and maintenance of the building structure

Inspection and maintenance of technical building equipment

2.2 Repair costs

© DGNB GmbH Offices Version 2014

2.2.1 Repair of building structure

2.2.2 Repair of technical building equipment

3. Dismantling and disposal costs

4. Basic principles of life-cycle costing

C0 is the initial investment

DGNB specifications for NPV

© DGNB GmbH Offices Version 2014

Annual price increase:

Adaptation to German price benchmarks

1. Selected construction costs

2. Selected operation costs

2.1.4 Operation, inspections, and maintenance

Terms and defintions

© DGNB GmbH Offices Version 2014

Scheme specific description

SPECIFICATION NEW OFFICE BUILDINGS

Period of analysis 50 years

Life cycle phases Construction, operation, and maintenance

Cost categories according to APPENDIX 1

Calculations included Heating demand, drinking water demand and waste

Price increase for selected cost According to APPENDIX 5

expected real discount rate per 5,5%

Reference base m² gross floor area (GFA) according to ISO 9836

Permissable simplification Max. 20% cost estimates

The inclusion or exclusion of construction components

Partial results to show in docu- Net present value separated in

Operation costs separated into water, waste water,

Operation costs separated for inspection and mainte-

Repair costs (separated in structural and technical

Payment mode payment in arrears

© DGNB GmbH Offices Version 2014

durable, high value materials

Classification as category 2 has to be justified in detail and verifiably established.

Exclusion of exceptional added

challenging ground conditions

© DGNB GmbH Offices Version 2014

TABLE 1 Evaluation Points for LCC

Building of average Building with excep- High rise building

3,720 [€ / m²GFA] 3,853 [€ / m²GFA] 4,553 [€ / m²GFA] 10

≤ 2,100 [€ / m²GFA] ≤ 2,300 [€ / m²GFA] ≤ 3,000 [€ / m²GFA] 100

Linear interpolation is possible.

CHECKLIST POINTS (CLP) EVALUATION POINTS

TARGET VALUE T 100 10