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ABSTRACT
Experimental investigation of single piles, group of piles and enlarged based piles (anchored piles) is carried out
using model piles of circular solid concrete pile (M20 grade), hollow PVC and Galvanised Iron pipe pipes, having
25.4 mm diameter and length 600 mm. Pile groups of 2x1 and 2x2 are used in the experimental investigation.
Square mild steel plate of thickness 4 mm is used as base enlargement of size 2d and 3d. L/d ratio has been kept 24
in all the cases. All types of piles and pile groups are tested under vertical uplift loading. Spacing between two
piles is kept as 3d constant in case of pile groups. Based on the experimental results, behaviour of uplift capacity
for different materials, effect of base enlargement, effect of grouping of piles are discussed in this paper. An
attempt has been made to modify the value of Earth pressure coefficient Ks for single piles and pile groups with
respect to the experimental results.
Pile Material and Configuration Experimental Earth Pres sure Suggested Value of Earth % Difference
Coefficient, K s Pressure Coefficient,
KS(suggest ed)
Concrete Single Pile 0.8741 0 .9554 8.51%
2x1 Pile Group 0.8260 0 .9554 13.54%
2x2 Pile Group 1.1669 0 .9554 18.12%
PVC Single Pile 0.2928 0 .3946 25.80%
2x1 Pile Group 0.4080 0 .3946 3.28%
2x2 Pile Group 0.4518 0 .3946 12.66%
G.I. 2x1 Pile Group 0.7295 0 .8723 16.37%
2x2 Pile Group 0.8957 0 .8723 2.61%
Uplift Load Carrying Capacity of Piles in Sand 859
These values can be applied directly to find earth ultimate uplift capacity than G.I. piles and PVC
pressure coefficient under present investigation conditions piles, unlike to single piles where G.I. Piles takes
in sandy soil. Table 4 shows the comparison between Ks the higher.
obtained by the experimental values and Ks(suggested) by the 3) In case of group of piles, individual shear will
equation suggested. However, the maximum percentage prevail upon and therefore block shear failure must
difference is 26% for single PVC pile and the least not be considered for uplift tests of piles. Therefore
percentage difference is 2.6% for 2x2 pile group of G.I. Ks values have been calculated as per equation 1.
Piles. Somehow, equation suggested varies highly for
3. CONCLUSIONS group of piles with respect to Ks obtained from
experimental data.
Single Piles and Anchored Piles
(1) G.I. Pipe resists higher amount of uplift load than REFERENCES
concrete pile and PVC pipe pile. PVC piles having Chattopadhyay, B.C. And Pise, P.J. (1986): “Uplift capacity
least resistance against uplift due to smoother of piles in sand”, journal OF GTE Div., ASCE, Vol.
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(2) Value of earth pressure coefficient, Ks is very near Chattopadhayay, B.C. and Pise, P.J. (1986): “Ultimate
to active earth pressure coefficient. It shows the resistance of vertical piles to oblique pulling loads”,
soil goes under active earth pressure coefficient. The First East Asian Conference on Structural
It shows the soil goes under active earth pressure Engineering and Construction, Bangkok, Jan 15-17, pp.
condition, which is obvious. 1632-1641.
(3) Ultimate uplift capacity can be enhanced in greater Das, B.M. (1975): “Pull – out resistance of vertical
extent with anchored piles. anchors”, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
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characteristics is non linear in nature. It is Division, ASCE, Vol. 120, no. 7, pp. 1134-1147.
curvilinear with concave upward during initial
loading and it turns into fairly straight line, after Sharma, B.V.R. and Pise P.J. (1994): “Uplift capacity
reaching ultimate load, same as in the case of Journal, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 181-203.
single piles
2) In group of piles, concrete pile shows enhanced