THE MYSTERIOUS MEMRISTOR
NOW ALL THE ELECTRONIC TEXT BOOKS IN THE WORLD NEED TO BE
CHANGED
ABSTRACT:
As all popular electronics textbooks
will verify, any passive circuit can be
created with a combination of just
three standard components: a
resistor, which opposes charge flow;
an inductor, which opposes any
change in the flow of charge; and a
capacitor, which stores charge. But,
if research by physicists in the US is
anything to go by, the textbooks may
have to be appended with a fourth
standard component: a “memristor”.
In simple terms, a memristor
“remembers” the amount of charge
that has flowed through it and as a
result changes its resistance. The
effect was predicted in 1971 by
electronics engineer Leon Chua, but
the only clues that it actually exists
have been in the reports of strange
“hysterisis” loops in the current–
voltage relationships of thin-film
devices. This means that when the
voltage increases the current follows
a different relationship to when the
voltage decreases. “Scientists
essentially reported this behaviour
as a curiosity or a mystery with some
- presentation
By
K.Vignesh
3rd ECE vitam college of Engg
S.Keerthi Swarup
3rd btech
Pydah college of Engg.
attempt at a physical explanation for
the observation,” says Stanley
Williams of Hewlett Packard Labs in
Palo Alto, California. “No-one
connected what they were seeing to
memrisistance.” Now, Williams and
colleagues from Hewlett Packard
have made the first memristors.
They are new form of non-volatile
random access memory, or even a
device that can simulate synapses
that is, junctions between neurons in
the brain.
INTRODUCTION
What is a memristor? Memristors are
basically a fourth class of electrical
circuit, joining the resistor, the
capacitor, and the inductor, that
exhibit their unique properties
primarily within the nanoscale.
Theoretically, Memristors, a
concatenation of “memory resistors”,
are a type of passive circuit elements
that maintain a relationship between
the time integrals of current and
voltage across a two terminal
element. Thus, a memristors
resistance varies according to a
devices memristance function.
Until recently, when HP Labs under
Stanley Williams developed the first
stable prototype, memristance as a
property of a known material was
nearly nonexistant. The memristance
effect at non-nanoscale distances is
dwarfed by other electronic and field
effects, until scales and materials
that are nanometers in size are
utilized. At the nanoscale, such
properties have even been observed
in action prior to the HP Lab
prototypes.
which was wrong, because he said
that force must be proportional to
velocity. That misled people for 2000
years until Newton came along and
pointed out that Aristotle was using
the wrong variables. Newton said
that force is proportional to
acceleration–the change in velocity.
This is exactly the situation with
electronic circuit theory today. All
electronic textbooks have been
teaching using the wrong variables–
voltage and charge–explaining away
inaccuracies as anomalies. What
they should have been teaching is
the relationship between changes in
voltage, o

But beyond the physics of electrical

engineering, they are a
reconceptualizing of passive
electronic circuit theory first
proposed in 1971 by the nonlinear
circuit theorist Leon Chua. What
Leon Chua, a UC Berkeley Professor
contended in his 1971 paper
Transactions on Circuit Theory, is
that the fundamental relationship in
passive circuitry was not between
voltage and charge as assumed, but
between changes-in-voltage, or flux,
and charge. Chua has stated: “The
situation is analogous to what is
called “Aristotle’s Law of Motion,
 resistance, which would be
insensitive to time and device
history, such a dynamical effect is
simply a result of the charge-
dependent.

r flux, a nd
charge.”

METHOD FOR FORMING

HISTORY OF MEMRISTOR
MEMRISTOR MATERIAL AND
ELECTRODE STRUCTURE
1971 - The history of the memristor
WITH MEMRISTANCE
can be traced back to nearly four
decades ago when in 1971, Leon
. To make their memristors,
Chua, a University of California,
Williams’s team first considered how
Berkeley, engineer predicted that
memristance might originate at the
there should be a fourth passive
atomic level. They came up with an
circuit element in addition to the
analytical model of a memristor that
other three known passive elements
consists of a thin piece
semiconductor containing two
Apr 30, 2008 - Memristors--the fourth
different regions: a highly doped
passive component type after
region, which has a low resistance,
resistors, capacitors and inductors--
and a zero-doped region, which has
were postulated in a seminal 1971
a high resistance. When a voltage is
paper in the IEEE ... According to
applied across the semiconductor, it
Williams and Chua, now virtually
causes some of the dopants to drift
every electronics textbook will have
so that the combined resistance
to be revised to include the
changes, thereby producing the
memristor.
characteristic hysterisis effect of
memristance.
Jun 25, 2009 - Resistors and
memristors are subsets of a more
To put this model into practice,
general class of dynamical devices,
Williams’s team attached a layer of
memristive systems. ... Unlike a true
doped titanium dioxide to a layer of
'static' negative differential
undoped titanium dioxide. Through
current–voltage measurements, they
found that it did indeed exhibit the
hysterisis effect of memrisistance
Chua told physicsworld.com that he
is “truly impressed” that the
Californian team has proved his
theory. “Most of the anomalous
behaviours that have been widely
reported in the nano-electronics
literature over the last decade can
now be understood as simply the
manifestation of memristive
dynamics,” he says. “It will herald a
paradigm shift not only in
engineering, but also in the
sciences.”
Williams says his team has already
made and tested thousands of
memristors, and has even used them
in circuits containing integrated
circuits. Because the hysterisis of
memristors makes them able to
operate like a switch, the team are
now looking at how they can exploit
memristance for tasks normally
reserved for digital-logic electronics.
These include a new form of non-
volatile random access memory, or
even a device that can simulate
synapses — that is, junctions
between neurons — in the brain.
GREATNESS OF MEMRISTOR :
• IT REQUIRES 15
TRANSISTORS AND FEW
PASSIVE COMPONENTS
TO EMULATE THE BEHAVIOR
OF SINGLE MEMRISTOR
• PC DESIGNED WITH
MEMRISTORS CAN ON AND
OFF LIKE BULB !!
IT MEANS PC DOES NOT
REQUIRE ANY RAM TO STORE
BOOT FILES
TEMPERORILY FOR
BOOTING PROCESS
• Memristor-based devices
that operate in a manner
similar to
how the synapse works in the
brain--neuron-like analog
computational
elements that could perform
control functions where decisions
must be
made involving comparisons as to
whether something is larger or
smaller
than something else.
• The potential energy savings,
offered by using such
elements as memristor, will
dramatically improve battery
life of portable devices.
• Memristor will enable very
small Nan scale devices to be
made
 without generating all the excess
heat that scaling down

transistors is causing today

APPLICATIONS

• Memristors as Resistive
Random Access Memory
(RRAM)
• Memristor – Microcontroller
• Memristor - Intel X25-M SATA
SSD Solid State Drive
Performance
• Memristor - Mobile
Processing
• Memristor - Toshibas 2.5 Inch
512gb SSD
• Memristor - Hardware, of a
sort: Mice Memories
Selectively Erased
• Memristor - Flash Storage

CONCLUSION

Thus, this element, allows data to be

stored in circuitry even after the
power is switched off . so,well that
will probably get you a PC that
switches ON and OFF like bulb it
means it does not need booting time.
And also some great applications
that are very far from imagination.
And also computer that downright
simulates human thought by actually
copying our neural pattern.