Fundamental Changes in Practice

Drive Step-Changes in Performance

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 Speaker Information

 Ryan Davis
 Sr. Drilling Engineer
 February 16, 2017
 Occidental Oil & Gas

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 Speaker Bio

 Oxy Oil & Gas

 Texas A&M University, B.S. Mechanical Engineering
 Based in Houston, TX
 5 years, Drilling
– South Texas
– West Texas
• Midland Basin
• Eastern Shelf (Permian)

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 Oxy - Midland Basin

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 Oxy - Midland Basin

50%
20%

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 Drilling Business Model
Learning Curve (LC)

 Early LC
– 20-40% improvement
 Development LC
– Small improvements (empirical)
 Step Change LC
– Requires fundamental change in
practice

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 Drilling Business Model

Empirical Physics-Based
Statistical or stochastic Deterministic
decision making decision making

Relies on experience Relies on understanding

Localized learnings Broad application of learnings

Resists change Promotes change

Different Resources & Workflows Required for Each

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 Oxy Drilling Dynamics Initiative

 What limits applying

more WOB?
– Weight Transfer
– Vibrations
– BHA Walk Tendency
– Pump Pressure

8 Ref: IADC Drilling Manual 12th Edition

 Oxy Drilling Dynamics Initiative

 Redesign to Extend the Limit

– Bit & BHA
– BHA Components
– Drill String
– Trajectory
– Mud System

9 Ref: IADC Drilling Manual 12th Edition

 Weight Transfer Efficiency
Limiter Identification

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 Weight Transfer Efficiency
Root Cause

 Empirical
– Lubricants & Beads
– Agitators
– Clean-Up Cycle
– Lighter Push-Pipe
 Physics-Based Understanding
– Borehole Patterning
– Effective Hole Diameter

11 Ref: IADC Drilling Manual 12th Edition

 Weight Transfer Efficiency
Design-Out the Limiter

 Fundamental Change: Long Gauge Bits

– OD to Gauge Length Ratio (1:1)
– Gauge Length Configuration
 Results
– Reduced borehole patterning
– New BHA configurations
– Reduced vibration severity

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 Weight Transfer Efficiency
Results

 100% Success Running Casing

 Improved Slide ROP Consistency

 Removed Unnecessary Tools/Products

 Reduced Clean-Up Time by 50%

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 Vibrations
Limiter Identification

1
2

3
1

2 4
3

4 5
6
5

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 Vibrations
Root Cause

 Empirical
– Bit Selection
– Formation
 Physics-Based Understanding
– Bit Whirl  Requires WOB
– Drill String Redesign

15 Ref: IADC Drilling Manual 12th Edition

 Vibrations
Design-Out the Limiter

 Fundamental Change: Drill String Redesign

– Increase Drill String Stiffness
– DOC limitation (transition management)
– Increased WOB
 Results
– Wider range of parameters
– Higher ROP
– Less trips in the lateral

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 Vibrations
Results

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 BHA Walk Tendency
Limiter Identification

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 BHA Walk Tendency
Root Cause

 Empirical
– Parameter Variation Original Slick BHA
– Increase Bend Angle
– Rotary Steerable System
 Physics-Based Understanding
Stabilized BHA
– Relies on BHA contact points
– @Bit side force

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 BHA Walk Tendency
Design-Out the Limiter

 Fundamental Change: Packed BHA Design

– Additional Stabilizers (3-4)
– Gauge Length Configuration
– Optimized Placement & OD’s
 Results
– Walk tendency independent of parameters
– Consistency
– Specialized BHA’s dependent on well trajectory

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 BHA Walk Tendency
Results

 Over 2,500 ft continuous rotation

 Target Thickness 30 ft

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 Conclusion

 Step change performance requires change in practice

 Economic limits require innovative solutions
 Not all limitations are economic to eliminate
 Long Gauge Bits improve WTE
 Drill string stiffness can reduce vibration severity
 @Bit side-forces dictate walk tendency

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 Thank You

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 BHA Walk Tendency
Limiter Identification ‘15 Results

Average (BR per 100 ft Rotation)

Shapes –
Bit Design Variations

Colors –
OD Variations

Std Dev (BR per 100 ft Rotation)

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 BHA Walk Tendency
Limiter Identification ‘16 Results

Average (BR per 100 ft Rotation)

Shapes –
Bit Design Variations

Colors –
OD Variations

Std Dev (BR per 100 ft Rotation)

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