Geometric Modeling

in
Computer Aided Design
(CAD)

MENG 351, Lecture 3 Dr. Hesham Hegazi

 Geometric Modeling

• Definition: Geometric modeling is the

technique we use to describe the shape of
an object.

MENG 351, Lecture 3 Dr. Hesham Hegazi

 CAD Computer- Aided Drafting
and Design
• 2D - Two Dimensional
• 3D - Three Dimensional
– Wire Frame Models
– Surface Models
– Solid Models
– Parametric Models

MENG 351, Lecture 3 Dr. Hesham Hegazi

 3-D Wire Frame Modeling
• Disadvantages:
– Not able to fully define
real objects
(No volume and mass)
– Displays only edges of
a model

MENG 351, Lecture 3 Dr. Hesham Hegazi

 Surface Modeling
• Surface models
provide a more
complete description
of the object, but is
still not as good as
the solid model.

MENG 351, Lecture 3 Dr. Hesham Hegazi

 Surface Modeling

MENG 351, Lecture 3 Dr. Hesham Hegazi

Solid Modeling
Solid

B-Rep CSG
Boundary Constructive
Representation: Solid Geometry:
•Extrusion •Construction of solid
by combining primitives
•Revolving using Boolean
•Sweeping operators of union,
intersection, and
•Blending difference
of 2-D profiles •Uses solid primitives
(cylinder, cone, etc.) as
building blocks

MENG 351, Lecture 3 Dr. Hesham Hegazi

Solid Modeling

MENG 351, Lecture 3 Dr. Hesham Hegazi

Solid Modeling

MENG 351, Lecture 3 Dr. Hesham Hegazi

 Parametric Modeling

Parametric Modeling

Dimension-Driven Modeling Constraint-Based Modeling

Uses parameters to Uses geometric

specify dimensions of constraints such as
entities parallelism, concentricity,
etc.

MENG 351, Lecture 3 Dr. Hesham Hegazi

 Design
Design

Product/Process
Personal Expression
Development
(Artisitic)
(Technical)

Aesthetic Functional
(Industrial Design) (Engineering Design)

Engineering
Design Cycle

Product Process

MENG 351, Lecture 3 Dr. Hesham Hegazi

 Basic Geometric Entities
• Point (X,Y,Z)
• Line (X,Y,Z) Start (X,Y,Z) End
• Circle (X,Y,Z) Center & Diameter
• Arc (X,Y,Z) Center , Radius, Start & End
Angle or Point

MENG 351, Lecture 3 Dr. Hesham Hegazi

 More advanced Approaches
• Feature-based modeling
– Uses features such as holes, ribs, pockets, slots
– More advanced than CSG
• Assembly modeling
– Modeling of assembled parts
– Utilizes much of the same technology as solid
modeling
• Product modeling
– Includes not only the geometry of an object, but also
any information that is needed to design, develop,
and produce the product. (e.g. stress-analysis)

MENG 351, Lecture 3 Dr. Hesham Hegazi

 Basic CAD Functions
• Viewing Commands (zoom, pan, etc..)
• File commands (new, open, save, etc..)
• Drawing Commands (line, circle,
rectangle, arc, spline, 3D shapes, etc..)
• Modifying Commands (Trim, erase,
extend, copy, move, Extending, etc..)

MENG 351, Lecture 3 Dr. Hesham Hegazi

 Neutral File Formats
• DWG – AutoCAD Drawing file
• DXF - Drawing Exchange Format
• IGES - Initial Graphics Exchange
Specification
• CADL- CADKEY Advanced Design
Language
• STL - Sterolithography.

MENG 351, Lecture 3 Dr. Hesham Hegazi

 Future Directions of 3-D
Modeling
• Geometric modeling will be “supplanted by
product modeling which not only includes
the geometry of the object, but any
information or data that is needed to
design, develop, produce and support the
product through its entire life cycle.”

MENG 351, Lecture 3 Dr. Hesham Hegazi

 Commercial CAD Software

• Pro Engineer (http://www.ptc.com/)

• Unigraphics (http://www.ugsolutions.com/)
• Autocad (http://www.autodesk.com/)
• CADKEY (http://www.cadkey.com/)
• Microstation
• CATIA
(http://www-
.ibm.com/solutions/engineering/eshome.nsf/public/catmain)
• VisualCADD (http://www.imsisoft.com/products/visualcadd/index.cfm)
• TurboCAD (http://www.turbocad.com/)
• SolidWorks (http://w ww.solidworks.com/)

MENG 351, Lecture 3 Dr. Hesham Hegazi