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DON BOSCO TECHNICAL COLLEGE

736 Gen. Kalentong, Mandaluyong City

Chronology of Important Architectural Structures

By

Avila, Edgar Kevin A.

Gracilla, Dioan May D.

April 2012

Professor:

Arch. Aristides de Paz


Introduction

First and foremost, it would be essential to explain the meaning of Architecture in


comprehensive terms because it is beyond “the art or science of building”.

“Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing and


construction. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived
as cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with
their surviving architectural achievements. Architecture has to do with the planning,
designing and constructing form, space and ambience that reflect functional, technical,
social, environmental, and aesthetic considerations. It requires the creative manipulation
and coordination of material, technology, light and shadow. Architecture also
encompasses the pragmatic aspects of realizing buildings and structures, including
scheduling, cost estimating and construction administration. As documentation produced
by architects, typically drawings, plans and technical specifications, architecture defines
the structure and/or behavior of a building or any other kind of system that is to be or has
been constructed.”

Just like anything else, architecture has its chronicle where and how it started.
This study tells the arrangement of the events happened in relation with architecture. This
also informs the history of constructions tools, methods of construction building and
revolutions in architecture through different continents, styles, dates, beliefs and religions.
Architecture in Continental Europe and Britain
The style of Greeks and Romans in architecture changed the way it is before those
times in Egyptians and Persians. One of the reasons is because of the civic life become
much important. Since ancient times, religious matters were the most important factors to
be considered, by the time of the Greeks, religious mystery had skipped the limits of the
temple-palace compounds and was the subject of the people. Greek civic life was
sustained by new, open spaces called the agora which were surrounded by public
buildings, stores and temples. Nonetheless, churches are built during this time. Western
European architecture in the Early Middle Ages may be divided into Early Christian and
Pre-Romanesque, including Merovingian, Carolingian, Ottonian, and Asturian.
Considerations that enter into histories of each period
include Trachtenberg's "historicising" and "modernising"
elements, Italian versus northern, Spanish, and Byzantine
elements, and especially the religious and political
maneuverings between kings, popes, and various
ecclesiastic officials.

Figure 1.

Paestum is one of the most important archaeological sites in Italy. The Greek city
of Poseidonia was founded here in the VII century B.C. and developed into a rich
and flourishing center of trade.

Baroque Architecture
Even though Baroque architecture has been to see as a European occurrence, it
matched with, and is integrally complicated with, the rise of European colonialism.
Colonialism required the development of centralized and powerful governments with
Spain and France, the first to move in this direction. Colonialism brought in huge
amounts of wealth, not only in the silver that was extracted from the mines in Bolivia,
Mexico and elsewhere, but also in the resultant trade in commodities, such as sugar and
tobacco. The need to control trade routes, monopolies, and slavery, which lay primarily in
the hands of the French during the 17th century, created an almost endless cycle of wars
between the colonial powers. The initial
mismanagement of colonial wealth by the Spaniards
bankrupted them in the 16th century, recovering only
slowly in the following century. This explains why the
Baroque style, though enthusiastically developed in
Spain, was to a large extent, in Spain, architecture of
surfaces and façades, unlike in France and Austria
where we see the construction of numerous huge
palaces and monasteries. Rome was known just as
Figure 2. much for its new sumptuous churches as for its vagabonds.

Trevi Fountain, Rome, Italy


Architecture of the Engineers
Architectural engineering, also known as building engineering, is the application
of engineering principles and technology to building design and construction. Definitions
of an architectural engineer may refer to; an engineer in the structural, mechanical,
electrical, construction or other engineering fields of building design and construction.

Conclusion
From the research and study, architecture may seem to begin from religious
purposes. Even in ancient times, there are beliefs or theories that the structures were made
for rituals. Architectural styles were passed through peoples’ influence yet also changed
because of it. Culture, religion and regions are the factors that made every region or
continent that made a title for their own style of architecture.

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