BOURBON

 PAGES MONTHLY JAZZ MAGAZINE

"Love is the only force capable of transforming an

enemy into a friend."
-Martin Luther King Jr.

Rebirth of the
Black Man
Know about the inspiration that
the Harlem Renaissance gave.

#Black Lives
ISSUE Matter
Tribute to the fallen .
NO. 1
 PRESENTATION--
PG.2

CONTENTS INTERNATIONAL
JAZZ DAY -- PG.3--4

IMPRISONED-- PG.6-
-7

NEW ORLEANS--
PG.9--10

REBIRTH OF THE
BLACK MAN-- PG.11-
-12

INSURGENCE--
PG.13--14

#BLACK LIVES
MATTER-- PG.16--18

DARING LIFE--
PG.20--21

THE COLORS OF
JAZZ-- 22

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 Bourbon pages is committed to
promoting the importance of Jazz, a
genre that has been crucial at unifying
people and carrying a strong message
through its songs, to leave apart any
difference, to raise awareness of recent
conflicts through informing the readers
about the importance of jazz through
history and the influence it has in society.

Every performance has been

unique since its creation, because
every night the artist may change
the complete structure of the songs PRESENTA-
depending on what he or she is
experiencing. The fusion of music
TION
genres is the exact combination BY JORGE
every artist used to deliver the CHIMAL
purest form of expression in music,
from the most joyful to the darkest
memory, portrayed as art.

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 INTERNATIONAL JAZZ
BY LEAH SMITH
DAY
The heritage of jazz in history is considered
important enough so that the month of
April is Jazz Appreciation month which
then culminates with the All-Star Global
Concert. At first, the Jazz day didn´t have a
host city until 2013 when it was celebrated
in Istanbul. The International Jazz Day was created on
November of 2011, when the UNESCO
decided to assign to April 30th as the day for
this festivity. Jazz has proven to have united
people throughout history, so to promote this
genre, its importance and to acknowledge
the creativity of musicians and unite people
this day was created. The event is directed by
Irina Bokova (UNESCO Director General) and
Jazz pianist and composer Herbie Hancock
(considered a legend and participant of the
All-Star Global Concert.
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In 2017 the city that hosted this event
was Havana, Cuba. Musicians and
educators from the host city and
around the world participated in free
Jazz performances, master classes,
improvisational workshops, jam
sessions, and community outreach
initiatives to celebrate.The festivity
culminates with an All-Star Global
Concert presented at the Gran Teatro
de La Habana.This year the All-Star
Global Concert was hosted by Will
Smith and will feature a fabulous array
of artists from around the world that
will pay tribute to this form of art.
ARTISTS
Some of the most popular names
include:
Ambrose Akinmusire (United States)
Igor Butman (Russian Federation)
Bobby Carcassés (Cuba)
Regina Carter (United States)
Herbie Hancock (United States)
Ivan Lins (Brazil)
Antonio Sánchez (Mexico)
Youn Sun Nah (Republic of Korea)
Gianluca Petrella (Italy))
Antonio Sánchez (Mexico)
And more... |4
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|5
IMPRISONED
THE STORY
BEHIND JAZZ

WRITTEN BY JENNIFER
MATTHEWS

Slavery was legal before the

Declaration of Independence and
before the Civil War and was
brought from Africa and arrived in
New Orleans, which at the time
was one of the most important Slave trade was prohibited, but the
ports and cities. The Bill of Rights
illegal smuggling continued this
states that all men are created
tragedy, so Abraham Lincoln
equal, but great economic
issued the Emancipation
interests were the excuse to
Proclamation to abolish slavery, but
maintain slavery in the southern
the south protested. In 1865
states, and the owners wanted to
keep a high social status, and the slavery was abolished with troops
poor white people felt superior to enforcing this order in the south.
slaves. In the period of 1790 to Although slavery ended,
1850 slavery was abolished in the segregation then started to be a
north, but slave trade increased in part of the daily life of African-
the south due to the demand of Americans.
cotton along the country.
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SEGREGATION
The North had more opportunities for African-
Americans than the south. The Jim Crow Laws
made segregation legal, it was like the Apartheid
in South Africa. Afro-Americans could only use
certain establishments that had the labels for them
to follow, like some restaurants and recreative
areas in the cities, they promoted them by saying
“separate but equal”. These laws were specifically
to the southern states where they still wanted to
treat Afro-Americans differently.President
Woodrow Wilson had to impose segregation on
the workplace because the southern states were
pledging it. White people lived in suburbs and
Afro-Americans lived downtown, which made
clear the 2 sides of a city. Schools where Afro-
Americans attended received less funding until
integration was proposed.

MINSTREL
SHOWS
These events were shows made by Caucasians, in
which they mocked African-Americans and
created stereotypes based on prejudice. The
stereotypes portrayed African-Americans as
superstitious, lazy, and buffoonish and the
Caucasian actors used makeup and masks to
complete their outfit. The started around the 1830
´s and gained popularity, but in after the Civil War
and Abolishment of Slavery, they started to
decline.

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NEW
ORLEANS

SOUNDS OF HOPE
A port located in the southern United States in BY JULIA ADAMS
the state of Louisiana. It was a French Colony in
1803 before Napoleon agreed with the United
States to sell it in the Louisiana Purchase, then
the city started to grow during the CONGO SQUARE
independence and the revolution because the
port served to import weapons and certain
It was the place where slaves passed
goods. The city was used as a harbor to defend
their free time.They searched for more
the U.S. from the British in 1812 The port had
locations when the central plaza was
some negative uses because it was used to
banned, where African-Americans
smuggle slaves after the civil war. Haitian slaves
could interact, shop, and listen to
were brought from Cuba into the US through
music. When slavery increased this
New Orleans. New Orleans offered many jobs to
place's popularity decreased.
African Americans, but it was also home to the
Nowadays it is located inside the Louis
largest slave market in the United States,
Armstrong Park and in 2011 it got its
immigrants saw New Orleans as a sanctuary city.
official name, which is Congo Square,
In 1840, New Orleans was one of the most
this place is recognized as one of the
important cities in the US, because it had a
places where jazz was born.
strong economy and many jobs were produced.
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 STORYVILLE
It was a district in the city of New Orleans
from 1897 to 1917 were drugs and
prostitution were regulated.They had a
book with the names of the prostitutes
called The Blue Book, and they were
classified by race and the addresses were
included. Mahogany Hall was the place
where more than 40 prostitutes worked.
Through jazz whites and blacks started to
integrate as the music was influenced
mostly by black performers. Through
informal performances, blacks and whites
started to share common interests and
WORK SONGS segregation started to dissipate.

People started to embrace music after very

repetitive tasks, so the work songs they heard
were used to do the tasks with rhythm. The
workers also improvised by singing with the
method call and response, so every day the song
was different if the workers decided to change
rhythm and lyrics. One person would sing and
then his companion to, and then all workers
would sing together.

1920-TODAY
Louis Armstrong emerged from New Orleans and
became famous for his style and way playing the
trumpet, he is considered one of the most influential
figures in Jazz and he has a park in New Orleans named
in his honor. Armstrong migrated to Chicago to join the
band of Joe King Oliver. The Civil Rights Movement
reached New Orleans, where they protested and gained
more freedom and opportunities, but Caucasians still
had a better economic situation. Recently New Orleans
is home to many sports franchises and is one of the most
visited cities in the U.S., but it has suffered from natural
disaster and their economy declined because it is hard
to recover from these events.
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REBIRTH OF THE BLACK MAN
BY PAUL SCHMIDT
The expression of the self for African-
Americans had certain limitations in
the south, where slavery and
segregation played an important role
in society, permitted public places
The noise inside were banned when the whites found
out about the art African-Americans
ourself is made. It was until the Great Migration
from the south to north, in a
understandable neighborhood called Harlem, where
through music, many migrants from the south arrived
and transformed music, literature, and
because every note painting, where they gained freedom
that comes out the and where a new era for New York
started. The exclusive district for
instrument is a story intellectuals, artists, and nightlife
resurged after the arrival of the
that needs to be heard southern migrants, as new ideas,
styles, and stories inspired one of the
most important movements that later
inspired the fight for civil rights.
Dante Laricchia
Harlem was a suburb where
rich Caucasians lived in the
19th Century, but they started
to move away after migrants
from Europe and from southern
United States started to arrive.
African-Americans had more
opportunities in the north
because there was not imposed
segregation like in the south
with the Jim Crow Laws, so the
possibility to find a competitive
job over there was bigger. Even
though the black population in
Harlem grew, racism from many
citizens still was evident, but it
was until the 1920´s that the
fusion of cultures and ideas
derived into new ways of self-
expression.
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 MUSIC, LITERATURE, AND PAINTING
Music is one of the most popular
and important means of self-
expression, and so it was in the
Harlem Renaissance, as new styles
of playing the piano emerged and
many artists such as Duke Ellington
revolutionized Jazz with their
charm, rich souls, creativity and
unique performances every night.
Jazz musicians became really
important among New York, as they
drew audiences from all the city,
including white people.
Other artists and Jazz greats like
Louis Armstrong, and Fats Waller
were very important because they
were recognized as stars. The
music Armstrong played was
unique and meaningful, as his life
in New Orleans clearly influenced
his music. and that every
performance from a Jazz musician
makes people connect with the
stories/songs.
The Harlem Renaissance was part of the
start for women to demand equality, as
Billie Holiday started to rise with her
melodious voice, as her way of
improvising influenced Jazz musicians
at the time like Louis Armstrong and in JAZZ UNIFIED
the future singers like Amy Winehouse.
Literature emerged with poet Langston PEOPLE AND
Hughes, which revolutionized style with
RACES DIDN´ T
a genre called Jazz poetry, where he
expressed the happiness of the MATTER WHEN
resurgence of the Afro-American man,
but also with poems that criticized the
MUSIC
system of segregation. Aaron Douglas SOUNDED.
was the leader in the side of
drawings because his illustrations
started to appear in very relevant
magazines associated with the cultural
fusion in Harlem, and many other artists
consulted him.
INFLUENCE
The Harlem Renaissance was one
of the most important cultural
movements because the African
American culture gained
importance through music,
painting, and literature. The
magnitude of it is seen in the new
ideas that it brought, one of the
most important is the inclusion of
women in bands, and the unity that
it created between African-
Americans and Caucasians. The
consciousness and opportunities
that the black men received
through this movement were
crucial to openly express ideas and
to criticize the evil of the
segregated system, which later
inspired the Civil Rights Movement.
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INSURGENCE
THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
By Matthew McCarthy
After the African-American
culture gained importance
through the Harlem
Renaissance, many people
started to protest in the
southern states against the
segregation the Jim Crow
Laws imposed. Music,
painting, and literature helped
were the channels through
which people could
communicate their suffering
and make it visible to every
viewer, with the purpose of
creating empathy and
consciousness throughout the
United States. An impressive
movement for the integration
of all men and women in a
segregated country was the
dispute between the North
and the South, in what became
the birth of a revolution
against the system.
Everything started with the
desegregation in the state of
California, with an order from the
Supreme Court. In 1951 it was
declared in the event of Brown v.
Board of Education that schools
Common services like the bus
are the place where integration
were divided, and in an attempt
needed to start because this
to change the rules of it, Rosa
gave Afro-Americans more
Parks refused to give her seat to
opportunities and discrimination
a Caucasian. The police arrested
of black students had a
her for this protest act, which
detrimental effect on the moral.
then led to Martin Luther King
This decision was approved, but
and other activists to plan and
the South protested against it by
coordinate the Montgomery Bus
closing schools. Arkansas's
Boycott in Alabama from 1955-
governor Orval Faubus, was
1956. After a year passed the
where 9 students were
Supreme Court outlawed
discriminated and the school
segregation in buses, so the
was closed, the scandal was
Freedom Riders promoted
named Little Rock 9 in 1957.
integration by riding buses
President Eisenhower
throughout the U.S. The cruel
responded by sending the US
murder of Emmett Till in
Army to walk children to school
Mississippi for trying to flirt with a
for a year.
white girl and the harsh insults
against the blacks that were
integrating into school are an
example of violence. |13

The movement led by Martin Luther King
on the side of peace, and the side led by
Malcolm X supporting personal defense
gained momentum and these ideals
extended throughout the United States,
especially in the south. Violence
continued in the south, where there was a
church bombing organized by the Ku Klux
Klan that killed 4 young children, so Martin
Luther King protested peacefully in
Birmingham, Alabama, but this escalation
to equal civil rights cost his freedom
because he was jailed. Threats to Dr. King
and negative critiques from the FBI's
director J. Edgard Hoover were obstacles,
but resilience from King led the March on
Washington on August 28 of 1963, where
thousands of people listened to the world-
famous I have a dream speech.
FREEDOM RIDERS
President Kennedy agreed to the Civil
Rights Act that supported Malcolm X and
Dr. King, but again more obstacles were
present when Kennedy was assassinated
in November of the same year. President
Lyndon Johnson wrote the Civil Rights Act
in 1964, which outlawed discrimination in
the physical or moral aspect of a person
regarding race, color or religion. Dr. King
wins the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 and in
1965, the Voting Rights Act was approved
and marches in Alabama continued until
Dr. King was assassinated on April 4 of
1968. Years have passed, but racism is still
present in the world, and even though
there are laws that protect every individual,
and we all need to unite to interact in a
peaceful way to try to erase the differences
we all have by searching for equality.
EMMETT TILL
BEFORE HIS DEAD
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|15
 #BLACK LIVES MATTER
BY JOSH JOHNSON

Black Lives Matter is an activist group

recognized internationally that
campaigns against violence to African-
Americans. The movement started after
the fatal shooting of Trayvon Martin in
Sanford, Florida. Several deaths caused
by impulsive actions by the police
resulted in protests around the United
States. Hate crimes are also a focus of
the campaign as the remembrance of
the murder of Emmett Till still haunts
Americans.

Recently the movement tried to seek answers

from the presidential candidates because of the
racist comments of Donald Trump and for a
solution to police brutality. The organization
protested against Trump´s policies that
addressed discrimination of race and religion.

Kendrick Lamar addressed police brutality

with Alright, his Grammy-nominated song.
The lyrics give hope to African-Americans
and criticizes police brutality. His
presentation in the Grammy Award included
scenography of Jazz and African-Ameican
history until the present. |16
 THE FALLEN

TRAYVON
 MARTIN

TAMIR RICE
Shot for a prejudice a volunteer watch
made.
Obama commented on equal law
enforcemement.
B.L.M. protests achieved the acquittal of Shot for playing with an airsoft gun.
George Zimmerman He didn´t receive a warning from the police.
His family suited the city of Cleveland and
the 2 policemen involved and received a 6
million compensation.

EMMETT TILL

MICHAEL
BROWN
He was unarmed at the time he was shot for
supposedly robbing a store.
The assassins didn´t receive charges for the
murder of Brown.
Protests around the U.S. sparked,
becasue of different law enforcement.
He was kidnapped, tortured, and shot for
flirting with a white girl.
The assassins received charges for the
murder of Till.
The Civil Rights Movement gained
strength.
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 MORE VICTIMS
More African-Americans have fallen because
of hate crimes and police brutality. The
number of victims will decrease if we
embrace love.

TANISHA ANDERSON

DANTE PARKER

DONTRE HAMILTON
THEY ARE NOT 
THE ONLY ONES
EZELL FORD
ERIC GARDNER

JOHN
CRAWFOR III
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 DARING
LIFE
POLICE BRUTALITY
BY JAMES CARTER
The Police are meant to serve and protect every
citizen for equal, without discriminating, being
violent, and to react reasonably to the situation.
Policemen need to apply the law according to the
act committed by a person, but even though they
have this position, they are not above it, but
sometimes they feel superior. Between the Harlem
Renaissance and the Civil Rights Movement, police
started to arrest or to injure African-Americans that
were doing totally legal actions, the rights that they
had were not respected and the hierarchy the police
had helped them escape with impunity. The system
continued like that for years until more laws
protected blacks, but still today police brutality
affects this group mainly in the U.S.
The Civil Rights Movement was led
by Martin Luther King and by
Malcolm X in two different sides but
the police constantly put obstacles.
Dr. King organized a peaceful march
in Birmingham, Alabama to protest
against the church bombing and
violations to the human rights, but
the police beat many of the
marching people to stop this event,
and they even jailed Dr. King. Music
was a very influential channel
through which people could relate
to, as the sounds, rhythm, and style
can show you the feeling the
musician is experiencing. John
Coltrane pictured this perfectly in a
song named Alabama, where he
portrayed through jazz the horrors in
that state. |20
 Every action that a black man committed could
be considered as a crime, even responding to a
question about the order the police gave you.
Jazz great Miles Davis was arrested and
severely injured after an officer ordered him to
move on, Davis requested an explanation, so 3
policemen joined the officer in the beating, all
of this just for smoking a cigarette on his break
after playing at a club and for escorting a white
woman to a taxi. This story caused a lot of
controversies because the images the press
showed clearly how the police treated African
Americans, and how a lot of violence was used
just for a response and legal act.

Selma and King´s dead

Even after the Civil Rights Act, there were
protests in Selma, Alabama in 1965, but this
time the police exceeded in the way they
intervened. Tear gas, dogs, batons, and
support from members of the Ku Klux Klan
were used to attack the pacific protesters that
were trying to exercise their right to vote, the
event is known as the Bloody Sunday and
President Johnson expressed his displeasure
on the actions taken by the police in the event.
The FBI's involvement on Martin Luther King´s
dead is clear as they offered medical
assistance and were very close to the crime

Today
scene, which many historians assume that had
an influence on this tragedy.

Nowadays police brutality still continues to haunt us. It still occurs mostly to
African-Americans and specifically to teens younger than 21 years-old, one of the
fallen to this conflict is Trayvon Martin(17), who was shot just for his outfit and
aspect, instead of dialoguing, the assassin just fired his gun. Tamir Rice(12) was
playing in a park with an airsoft gun and was shot to dead, no warning was yelled
and it was reported that the gun was a replica. Those 2 highlighted cases caused a
lot of controversy and media coverage, pacific protests around the U.S. had a large
magnitude and the empathic reaction of many persons helped raise awareness.
Through art and other means we have reached a lot of hearts, but until we accept
our differences, fight for equality, maintain our values and express ourselves we
will make a change in society and maybe one day take down impunity. |21
 THE COLORS
OF JAZZ BY JORGE CHIMAL

by Marissa Greene

Jazz is the fusion of African and European

music, but when it comes to the social part,
Jazz is considered the purest form of
expression that a musician can give.
Through this genre of music, integration,
and respect to African-Americans started,
the songs performed at Jazz clubs made
whites and blacks dance together, it made
them forget their differences.
Tolerance, awareness, respect, and
creativity makes up Jazz, every unique
performance that each artist
improvises to communicate the
feelings he or she is experiencing were
very influential in history and
nowadays. Musicians like John
Coltrane expressed their displeasure
toward police brutality with their songs.

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