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Introduction 1
Performance data 2-3
Compensation for the „decrease
decrease in
volume“ for dumped packings 4
Pressure drop 5-8
Transfer efficiency 9-12
Height
g of a transfer unit HTUOV 13-16
Liquid hold-up in columns 17-21
Concluding remarks 22
Raschig Super-Ring
Loading capacity
Counter-current packed columns are preferably operated
below, or in the immediate vicinity, of the so-called loading
point, this being characterised by the fact that the falling film is
backed up by the counter-current gas stream at higher loads.
The loading point of a packing element is defined by its fluid
dynamic properties.
properties Fluid dynamic studies in the past have
repeatedly shown that the droplets forming in a column
packing are entrained earlier than down-ward flowing liquid
films at high gas loads. In contrast to previous packing
element designs, the Raschig Super-Ring meets this demand
in that it was purposely designed without any projecting metal
tongues which could act as dripping points.
1
Raschig Super-Ring
Mass transfer
Effective mass transfer between the phases demands not only a
large interfacial area, but also the most turbulent possible flow
conditions and frequent renewal of the phase interfaces. With the
Raschig Super-Ring, several thin films of liquid displaying
turbulent flow are formed on the sinusoidal webs and are
constantly intermixed as the result of the recurrent contact points
within the packing element.
element
2
Raschig Super-Ring
Raschig Super
Super-Ring
Ring No
No. 2 Metal 155 9 500
9.500 100 98
3
Raschig Super-Ring
in die Eckbegrenzungen
(Größe 12,6 x 7,8 mm)
kommt ein Foto
4
Pressure drop of metal
RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
system: air/water
40
30
20
10
uL= uL=
0
0
2000 2000
1000 1000
900 900
800 800
700 700
600 600
500 500
essure drop p/H [Pa/m]
400 400
300 300
200 200
Specific pre
Specific pre
100 100
90 90
80 80
70 70
60 60
50 50
40 40
30 30
20 20
Raschig Super-Ring No. 0.3 made of metal Raschig Super-Ring No. 0.5 made of metal
10 10
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
1.0
1/2 1/2
Gas capacity factor FV [Pa ] Gas capacity factor FV [Pa ]
5
Pressure drop of metal
RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
system: air/water
40
30
20
10
uL=
40
30
20
10
uL=
0
0
1000 1000
900 900
800 800
700 700
600 600
500 500
essure drop p/H [Pa/m]
essure drop p/H [Pa/m]
400 400
300 300
200 200
Specific pre
Specific pre
100 100
90 90
80 80
70 70
60 60
50 50
40 40
30 30
20 20
Raschig Super-Ring No. 0.7 made of metal Raschig Super-Ring No. 1 made of metal
10 10
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
1/2 1/2
Gas capacity factor FV [Pa ] Gas capacity factor FV [Pa ]
6
Pressure drop of metal
RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
system: air/water
158.4
135.8
113.2
90.5
67.9
45.3
34.0
22.6
uL=
0
40
30
20
10
uL=
0
1000 1000
900 900
800 800
700 700
600 600
500 500
essure drop p/H [Pa/m]
essure drop p/H [Pa/m]
400 400
300 300
200 200
Specific pre
Specific pre
100 100
90 90
80 80
70 70
60 60
50 50
40 40
30 30
20 20
Raschig Super-Ring No. 1.5 made of metal Raschig Super-Ring No. 2 made of metal
10 10
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
1/2 1/2
Gas capacity factor FV [Pa ] Gas capacity factor FV [Pa ]
7
Pressure drop of metal and plastic
RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
system: air/water
40
30
20
10
uL=
0
113
100
80
60
40
30
20
10
uL=
1000 1000
900 900
Raschig Super-Ring
Super Ring No. 3 made of metal
800 800
700 700
600 600
0
500 500
essure drop p/H [Pa/m]
400 400
300 300
200 200
Specific pre
Specific pre
100 100
90 90
80 80
70 70
60 60
50 50
40 40
30 30
20 20
10 10
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
1/2 1/2
Gas capacity factor FV [Pa ] Gas capacity factor FV [Pa ]
8
Transfer efficiency of metal
RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
in the desorption of CO2 from water into an
atmospheric air-stream
0.04
0.035 Raschig Super-Ring Nr. 0.3 made of metal
0.03
0.025
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 0.3
0.01
0.005
5 10 20 30 40 50
Liquid load uL [m³/m²h]
0 04
0.04
0.035 Raschig Super-Ring Nr. 0.5 made of metal
0.03
0.025
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 0.5
0.02
L aPh [1/s]
0.015
Column diameter: 0.288 m
Packing height: 1.0 m
0.01
0.005
5 10 20 30 40 50
Liquid load uL [m³/m²h]
9
Transfer efficiency of metal
RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
in the desorption of CO2 from water into an
atmospheric air-stream
0.04
0.035 Raschig Super-Ring No. 0.7 made of metal
0.03
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 0.7
0.025
0.01
0.005
5 10 20 30 40 50
Liquid load uL [m³/m²h]
0 04
0.04
0.035 Raschig Super-Ring Nr. 1 made of metal
0.03
0.025
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 1
0.02
L aPh [1/s]
0.015
Column diameter: 0.288 m
Packing height: 2.0 m
0.01
0.005
5 10 20 30 40 50
Liquid load uL [m³/m²h]
10
Transfer efficiency of metal
RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
in the desorption of CO2 from water into an
atmospheric air-stream
0.04
0.035 Raschig Super-Ring No. 1.5 made of metal
0.03
0.025
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 1.5
0.01
0.005
5 10 20 30 40 50
Liquid load uL [m³/m²h]
0 02
0.02
Raschig Super-Ring Nr. 2 made of metal
0.015
0.005
5 10 20 30 40 50
Liquid load uL [m³/m²h]
11
Transfer efficiency of metal and plastic
RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
in the desorption of CO2 from water into an
atmospheric air-stream
0.02
Raschig Super-Ring Nr. 3 made of metal
0.005
5 10 20 30 40 50
Liquid load uL [m³/m²h]
0 02
0.02
Raschig Super-Ring Nr. 2 made of plastic
0.015
0.005
5 10 20 30 40 50
Liquid load uL [m³/m²h]
12
Height of a transfer unit HTUOV for metal
RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
for the absorption of NH3 from air in water in the
gaseous phase
0.4
0.1
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
04
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
1/2
Gas capacity factor Fv [Pa ]
13
Height of a transfer unit HTUOV for metal
RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
for the absorption of NH3 from air in water in the
gaseous phase
0.4
Raschig Super-Ring No. 0.7 made of metal
0.1
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
07
0.7
0.6 Raschig Super-Ring No. 1 made of metal
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
1/2
Gas capacity factor Fv [Pa ]
14
Height of a transfer unit HTUOV for metal
RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
for the absorption of NH3 from air in water in the
gaseous phase
0.7
0.6 Raschig Super-Ring No. 1.5 made of metal
0.5 RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 1.5
0.4
Column diameter: 0.288 m
HTU ov [m]
0.3
Packing height: 2.0 m
0.2
0.1
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
1/2
Gas capacity factor Fv [Pa ]
07
0.7
0.6 Raschig Super-Ring No. 2 made of metal
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 10
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
15
Height of a transfer unit HTUOV
for metal and plastic
RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
for the absorption of NH3 from air in water in the
gaseous phase
0.7
Raschig Super-Ring No. 3 made of metal
0.6
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 3
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
07
0.7
0.6 Raschig Super-Ring No. 2 made of plastic
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
1/2
Gas capacity factor Fv [Pa ]
16
Liquid hold-up in columns with metal
RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
system: air/water
0.20
Liquid load uL in (m3/m2h) uL= 40 30 20
0.10
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 0.3
uid hold-up hL [m3/m3]
10
0.08
0.07 Column diameter: 0.288 m
0.06
0.05
Packing height: 1.0 m
0.04
0.03
0.02
Liqu
0 20
0.20
Liquid load uL in (m3/m2h)
uL= 40 30 20 10
up hL [m3/m3]
0.10
0.08 RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 0.5
0.07
0.06
0.05
Column diameter: 0.288 m
0.04 Packing height: 1.0 m
Liquid hold-u
0.03
0.02
17
Liquid hold-up in columns with metal
RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
system: air/water
0.20
Liquid load uL in (m3/m2h) uL= 40 30 20
0.10
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 0.3
uid hold-up hL [m3/m3]
10
0.08
0.07 Column diameter: 0.288 m
0.06
0.05
Packing height: 1.0 m
0.04
0.03
0.02
Liqu
0 20
0.20
Liquid load uL in (m3/m2h)
uL= 40 30 20 10
up hL [m3/m3]
0.10
0.08 RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 0.5
0.07
0.06
0.05
Column diameter: 0.288 m
0.04 Packing height: 1.0 m
Liquid hold-u
0.03
0.02
18
Liquid hold-up in columns with metal
RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
system: air/water
0.20
Liquid load uL in (m3/m2h)
uL= 40
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 0.7
Liquid hold-up hL [m3/m3]
0.10 30
0.08
0.07 20 Column diameter: 0.288 m
0.06
Packing height: 2.0 m
0.05
10
0.04
0.03
0.02
0 20
0.20
Liquid load uL in (m3/m2h)
uL=
up hL in m3/m3
0.10
40
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 1
0.08
0.07 30
0.06 Column diameter: 0.288 m
20
0.05
10
Packing height: 2.0 m
0.04
Liquid hold-u
0.03
0.02
19
Liquid hold-up in columns with metal
RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
system: air/water
0.20
Liquid load uL in (m3/m2h)
0.10 uL= 40
0.08 30
0.07
Column diameter: 0.288 m
0.06 20 Packing height: 2.0 m
0.05
0.04
10
0.03
0.02
0 10
0.10
Liquid load uL in (m3/m2h)
0.08
0.07 uL=
40
uo hL in m3/m3
0.06 30
0.05 RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 2
20
0.04
Column diameter: 0.288 m
10
0.03 Packing height: 2.0 m
Liquid hold-u
0.02
20
Liquid hold-up in columns
with metal and plastic
RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS
system: air/water
0.10
Liquid load uL in (m3/m2h)
0.08
0.07
RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 3
m3
0.06
Liquid hold-up hL in m3/m
uL=
0.05 40
30
Column diameter: 0.288 m
0.04
Packing height: 2.0 m
20
0.03
10
0.02
0 20
0.20
Liquid load uL in (m3/m2h)
Liquid hold--up hL in m3/m3
uL=
0.10
0.08 40 RASCHIG SUPER-RING No. 2
0.07 30
0.06
0.05 20 Column diameter: 0.288 m
0.04 Packing height: 2.0 m
10
0.03
0.02
21
Concluding remarks
22