Mobile and Wireless Communication

Complete Lecture Notes #11

Lecture # 11
By
Student Lecture Notes
Modulation Techniques
for Mobile Radio
Digital Modulation
Digital Modulation offer many advantages over analog modulation

 Greater noise immunity

 Easier multiplexing of various forms of information
 Greater security
 Digital error control codes
Main considerations in choosing particular modulation technique

 High data rate

 High spectral efficiency(Minimum bandwidth occupancy)

 High power efficiency(Minimum required Transmit power)

 Robustness to channel impairments (minimum probability of bit error)

 Low power/cost Implementation

Choice of modulation is based on finding techniques that achieves best

tradeoff between these requirements
Power Efficiency:

 Describes the ability of modulation technique to preserve the

fidelity(acceptable bit error probability) of digital message at low power levels

 Expressed as ratio of signal energy per bit to noise power spectral density
(Eb/No) required at receiver input for a certain probability of error.(10-5)
 Bandwidth Efficiency:

 Ability of modulation scheme to accommodate data within a limited

bandwidth

 Increasing the data rate implies decreasing the pulse width of digital symbol
which increases bandwidth of signal

 Unavoidable relationship between data rate and bandwidth

 How efficiently the allocated bandwidth is utilized

 Ratio of data throughput rate per Hz in a given Bandwidth (R/B),bits/sec/H

 System capacity is directly related to bandwidth efficiency

Trade off between Bandwidth efficiency and Power efficiency

 Adding error control coding to a message increases the bandwidth occupancy,

reducing power for a particular BER. Hence trades the bandwidth efficiency
for power efficiency

 Higher level modulation schemes(M -ary) keying decreases bandwidth

occupancy(increasing bandwidth efficiency) but increases the required
received power, Hence trade power efficiency for bandwidth efficiency
Pulse Shaping Techniques

 Mobile communication systems operate with minimal bandwidth and

techniques that reduce the modulation bandwidth and suppress out of band
radiation, while reducing ISI are highly desirable

 Spectral shaping is done through baseband or if processing

 Pulse shaping techniques are used to simultaneously reduce ISI and spectral
width of digital modulated digital signal
Nyquist Criterion for ISI
Cancelation
Impulse response of root
raised cosine filter
Impulse response of raised
cosine filter
BPSK Receiver
QPSK Transmitter
QPSK Receiver