VISVESVARAYA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

NAGPUR

A PAPER ON

ENERGY CONSERVATION IN PORT TRUST

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

P.S.KULKARNI

BY

MANAS MONDAL(BT14EEE056)

NACHIKET BAPAT(BT14EEE057)

SHASHANK REDDY(BT14EEE058)

NAITIK SHAH(BT14EEE059)

HARSHITHA(BT14EEE060)
 INDEX

1.INTRODUCTION

2.
1.INTRODUCTION

Energy conservation has become a critical issue for the port trust because of the
rapidly increasing energy demand and associated costs, aging electrical infrastructure and
concerns about reliability, geographically based power network and distribution design.With
the increase in electricity demands,due to expanded use of alternate maritime power and
thermal automation, there is need for energy conservation.

2.ANALYSIS OF PORT ENERGY CONSUMPTION

In the port, energy is consumed for lighting, power system loss, loading and unloading
operations and other purposes.

2.1.Analysis of lighting energy consumption

Lighting of port is provided for proper and safe operations during night time.Therefore,
design and management of lighting should be proper so that main purpose gets served with
optimum use of energy.

2.2.Analysis of power system energy consumption

Power system energy consumption includes transmission, distribution where major losses
takes place.Apart from this,reactive losses also contributes. Transmission losses takes place
in step down transformer and transmission lines. Distribution losses takes place in
distribution transformer and low voltage lines. Reactive losses are due to use of electric
motors which have considerably low power factor.

2.3.Analysis of energy consumption in handling operations

Energy consumption of port majorly includes loading and unloading operations. Production
in container terminal accounts for more than 80% of total energy consumption and bulk
terminal where loading and unloading equipments and horizontal transport of equipments
consume 40% each in the total energy consumption.

In the loading and unloading equipments , energy consumption includes cargo displacement
and other includes wastage of energy due to poor management.

The equipments used for loading and unloading operations are majorly controlled by their
individual drivers and central control room.So, energy consumption is affected by drivers
and control room.

Thus, additional energy losses are due to processes energy loss and operations energy loss
which occurs in loading and unloading operation.

2.4.Analysis of energy consumption in offices

Office energy consumption accounts for very small proportion of total energy consumption
in port. It includes fuel consumption, office power consumption, heating consumption. The
energy consumption is mainly because of long light, too low air-conditioning temperature. It
may account for small proportion but we have to pay attention to it.

3. Calculation of port energy consumption

The three indexes used for measuring port energy consumption are measuring the energy
used by loading and unloading equipments , integrated port energy consumption,
integrated production energy consumption as per MT throughputs.

3.1. Loading and unloading equipments

In this energy can be computed by the formula

e=E/T

where e-energy used by loading and unloading equipments per MT throughput

E-energy used by loading and unloading equipments

T-throughputs of the ports

3.2.Integrated production energy consumption

In this, energy can be calculated by using the formula-

p=P/T

where, p-integrated production energy consumption per MT throughput

P-integrated production energy consumption

T-throughputs of the port

3.3.Integrated port energy consumption

In this, energy can be calculated by using the formula-

q=Q/T

where, q-integrated port energy consumption per MT throughput

Q-integrated port energy consumption

T-throughputs of the port

4.ENERGY CONSERVING MEASURES

4.1.Measures for energy conservation in handling operation

Energy can be saved in handling operation by improving the single drivers’ skill,which has
large impact on energy saving.For example,large cranes are used, which has complicated
auxiliary systems, and they are used at different speeds according to the application.If the
speed and auxiliary systems are optimized ,efficiency can be increased by 33%.

There are other ways of energy conservation in handling process, ensuring proper support
tools, proper lubrication of machineries because if machine is properly lubricated, it can run
at medium speed, which gives maximum efficiency.

4.2.Measures for energy conservation in lighting

Large amount of energy can be saved using natural light wherever possible. Using different
rating bulbs for different purposes, use of Light Emitting Diode(LED) bulbs, Compact
Flourescent Light(CFL) bulbs, making use of sunlight and switching off lights when not
needed. Choosing high efficiency lights reduces the power consumption.

4.3.Measures for energy conservation in offices

Energy can be saved by reducing stand by consumption of electrical appliances, using air
conditioner at more than 26 degree temperature during summer.Switch off fans and other
electrical appliances when not needed.

4.4.Measures for energy conservation in power system

To reduce power system losses, use efficient transformer and have a rational voltage level
difference to reduce the transformer levels. Energy can be saved by using the transformers
at proper load so that copper and iron losses are same. Use of high voltage level
transmission lines reduces losses.

5.CALCULATIONS OF PORT ENERGY SAVING INDEXES

There are three indexes in measurement of port energy saving.

5.1.Amount of energy saving

Amount of energy saving is comparing with the base period. The saved amount of energy is
computed with the formula-

E=(e-e’)T

Where,E-amount of energy saving in port

e-integrated production energy consumption in base period

e’- integrated production energy consumption in this period

T-throughputs in this period

5.2.Energy saving rate

Energy saving rate can be calculated by using formula,

ἐ=(e-e’)/e

where, ἐ-Energy saving rate

e-integrated production energy consumption in base period

e’- integrated production energy consumption in this period

T-throughputs in this period

5.3.Throughput elastic coefficient

Throghput elastic coefficient is calculated by using formula-

µ =(dE/E)/(dT/T)

where, µ-Throughput elastic coefficient

dE-remains of this year energy consumption minus remains of last year energy
consumption

E-amount of energy saving

dT-remains of this year’s throughput minus last year’s throughputs

T-throughputs in the port

6.CONCLUSION

This paper discuss about the energy conservation in the port trust which involves
consumption in space lighting, power system, loading and unloading operations. Some of
the conservative measures were suggested regarding the above mentioned problems. But in
reality, the saving measures should be taken according to actual situation in the port.