PROJECT :

JOB NO :
DESIGNED BY :
DATE :

STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF BOX CULVERTS ( HB HIGHWAY LOAD )

CULVERT NO. :

INPUT DATA

DIMENSIONS OF R.C BOX

beban q
Internal width = 2000 mm A D
Internal height = 3000 mm
Wall thickness = 300 mm 3000
Slab thickness = 300 mm
Effective width = 2300 mm
Effective height = 3300 mm B C
2000

ASSUMPTIONS

Thickness of pavement = 110 mm

Unit weight of soil = 20 kN/m3

Unit weight of concrete = 24 kN/m3
Unit weight of pavement = 24 kN/m3
Soil cover = 100 mm
::
LOADING

HB wheel load = 62.5 kN/wheel NORMALLY USE 25 UNIT HB = 45*2.5=112.5KN/WHEEL

Max.coefficient of lateral
earth pressure = 0.6
Min.coefficient of lateral
earth pressure = 0.2

PARTIAL FACTOR OF SAFETY

(BASED ON BS5400:PART 2)

Dead load (concrete) = 1.15

Superimposed dead load = 1.75
HB Highway load = 1.30
Earth pressure = 1.50
ULS for concrete = 1.10

MATERIAL PROPERTIES

fcu = 20 N/mm2
fy = 320 N/mm2
::

377192487.xls 1
 BOX CULVERT ANALYSIS

UNFACTORED LOAD

Self weight of top slab = 7.20 kN/m2

Weight of walls = 16.62 kN/m2
Weight of pavement = 2.64 kN/m2
Weight of soil cover = 2.00 kN/m2
HB Highway load = 77.49 kN/m2

*Note:
Dispersion of wheel load is taken as 2:1 in soil (BS5400 :pt 2)
For depth of fill 6.0m > depth > 1.8m , consider 2 axles only

L= 2.01 m (longitudinal dispersion)

B= 3.21 m (transverse dispersion)

ANALYSIS OF BOX
(A) CASE 1 : For max.BM and shear on wall & max. hogging
BM at corners, consider max. lateral earth
pressure acting on the wall in empty
condition.

P1 ------> ! A where
! P1, P2 = earth pressure
!
!
P2 ------> ! B

P1 = 25.16 kN/m2

P2 = 90.50 kN/m2

Top slab pressure = 127.54 kN/m2

Base pressure = 148.56 kN/m2

::
Loading is symmetrical about the vertical centreline
of the box.

-FEM(AD) = 56.22 kNm/m

FM(AD) = 84.33 kNm/m
FEM(AB) = 46.55 kNm/m
-FEM(BA) = 58.41 kNm/m
FM(AB) = 78.72 kNm/m
FEM(BC) = 65.49 kNm/m
FM(BC) = 98.23 kNm/m

Moment distribution (case 1):

distribution factor ,
DF(AD) = DF(BC) = 0.42 I(slab) = ###
DF(AB) = DF(DC) = 0.58 I(wall) = ###

Joints A B
DF
FEM AD
0.42
-56.2
4.0
0.9
0.3
0.1 AB
0.58
46.6
5.6
-2.1
1.2
-0.8
0.5
-0.2
0.1 BA
0.58
-58.4
-4.1
2.8
-1.6
0.6
-0.3
0.2
-0.1 BC
0.42
65.5
-3.0
-1.2
-0.3
-0.1
-50.9 50.9 -61.0 61.0

::
(B) CASE 2 : For max.sagging moment in the top & bottom
slab, consider min.lateral earth pressure
acting on the box.

P1 = 8.39 kN/m2

P2 = 30.17 kN/m2

FEM(AB) = 15.52 kNm/m

FM(AB) = 26.24 kNm/m
-FEM(BA) = 19.47 kNm/m
Moment distribution (case 2):
Joints A B
DF
FEM AD
0.42
-56.2
17.0
5.6
1.4
0.5 AB
0.58
15.5
23.7
-13.4
7.8
-3.5
2.0
-1.1
0.7 BA
0.58
-19.5
-26.8
11.9
-6.9
3.9
-2.3
1.0
-0.6 BC
0.42
65.5
-19.2
-5.0
-1.6
-0.4
-31.7 31.7 -39.3 39.3

377192487.xls 2
 DESIGN MOMENT ENVELOPE
Hogging moment at bottom corners = 61.00 kNm/m 61.00

Hogging moment at top corners = 50.91 kNm/m 50.91

Sagging moment at top slab = 52.63 kNm/m 52.63

Sagging moment at bottom slab = 58.97 kNm/m 58.97

Sagging moment of wall = 22.76 kNm/m 22.76

SHEAR
cover to rebar = 50 mm
size of rebar = 12 mm dia. for Slab.
12 mm dia.for Wall.
Critical shear section is at distance 2*d from the
face of support.
Shear in base slab :
Effective depth, d = 244 mm
Shear V = 76.06 kN/m
Shear in wall :
Effective depth, d = 244 mm R1" = 25.82
P3' = 77.87
Shear V = 62.74 kN/m P3" = 25.96

REINFORCEMENT DESIGN
Hogging Steel at Bottom Corners :
(i) Slab
K= 0.051 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 229.21 < 231.8
As(req)= 956.0 mm2/m
(ii) wall
K= 0.051 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 229.21 < 231.8
As(req)= 956 mm2/m

Hogging Steel at Top Corners :

(i) Slab
K= 0.043 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 231.80 < 231.8
As(req)= 789 mm2/m

(ii) wall
K= 0.043 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 231.80 < 231.8
As(req)= 789 mm2/m
::
Sagging Steel at Top Slab :
K= 0.044 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 231.36 < 231.8
As(req)= 817 mm2/m

Sagging Steel at Bottom Slab :

K= 0.050 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 229.74 < 231.8
As(req)= 922 mm2/m

Sagging Steel in Wall :

K= 0.019 < 0.156
No comp.steel required.
Z= 238.70 > 231.8
As(req)= 353 mm2/m
Minimum Steel Ratio Required For Tension
& Distribution Steel = 0.15%
(i) Slab
As (min) = 366 mm2/m
(ii) Wall
As (min) = 366 mm2/m

REINFORCEMENT PROVISION
(A) SUPPORT STEEL
(I) TOP SLAB
use Y 16 spacing 150 c/c
As (req) = 789 mm2/m
As (prov) = 1340 mm2/m

(II) BOTTOM SLAB

use Y 16 spacing 150 c/c
As (req) = 14 956 mm2/m
As (prov) = 1340 mm2/m

(III) WALL
use Y 16 spacing 150 c/c
As (req) = 956 mm2/m
As (prov) = 1340 mm2/m

377192487.xls 3
 (B) MIDSPAN STEEL
(I) TOP SLAB
use Y 12 spacing 100 c/c
As (req) = 817 mm2/m
As (prov) = 1131 mm2/m
::
(II) BOTTOM SLAB
use Y 12 spacing 100 c/c
As (req) = 922 mm2/m
As (prov) = 1131 mm2/m

(III) WALL
use Y 12 spacing 100 c/c
As (req) = 366 .
As (prov) = 1131 mm2/m

SHEAR CHECK
(i) Base
Shear = 76.06 kN
Shear stress v = 0.31 N/mm2
ps = 0.55 %
vc = 0.54 N/mm2 * Shear is OK.

(ii) Wall
Shear = 62.74 kN
Shear stress v = 0.26 N/mm2
ps = 0.55 %
vc = 0.54 N/mm2 * Shear is OK.

:: (I) TOP SLAB (I) TOP SLAB

D 16 - 150 mm c/c D 12 - 100 mm c/c

D 16 - 150 mm c/c
(III) WALL

(III) WALL
D 12 - 100 mm c/c

(II) BOTTOM SLAB

D 16 - 150 mm c/c (II) BOTTOM SLAB
GAMBAR PENULANGAN BOX CULVERT D 12 - 100 mm c/c

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