Name: Sanglad, Chariezza Lei J.

Date Performed: July 04, 2017

Group No:3 Date Submitted: July 11, 2017

Experiment no:3

QUALITATIVE TESTS FOR ELEMENTS IN ORGANIC COMPOUND (ASPIRIN)

Objectives:
1. To carry out various test for determining the elements in aspirin.
2. To apply the methods and techniques that the students have learned in the previous
semester in qualitative tests for elements in organic compound.

Procedure:
1.Test for Carbon and Hydrogen (For Demonstration)
Mix CuO + aspirin

Place in a dry ignition tube.

Fit a cork w/ bent glass tubing in tt w/ 1 ml of cleat lime water.

Clamp ignition tube

moderate flame.

Observe what happens to the lime water.

2.Ferrox Paper Test for Oxygen
tt

Aspirin + chloroform

Put piece of dry ferrox paper

Observe ferrox paper

3. Fusion with sodium

Small piece Na metal

Press between layers of Filter paper

Watch glass

+ pinch powdered aspirin

Roll Na metal

Put Na metal coated with aspirin in vial

Hold vial w/ crucible tongs

Slowly at start, increase flame until red hot

Drop red hot vial in beaker w/ 25 ml distilled water

To boiling

Filter

Collect colorless filtrate (used test sol’n for elements)

4. Soda Lime test for Nitrogen

5. tt

filtrate from fusion + soda lime

Expose red litmus paper to vapor

Observe change of color

6. Test for Sulfur

Tt

filtrate from fusion + PbAC2 + NaOH

7. Beilstein Test for Halogen

small loop coil

cool wire

dip to filtrate from fusion

observe flame color

Data and Results

Table 1. Observations for Tests for Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

Test Sample Test Treatment(s) Observation Inference

Aspirin Carbon and +CuO, -white Positive Test

Hydrogen precipitate for Carbon
formed in lime and
water Hydrogen
-droplets in the
cooler part of
tube

Aspirin Oxygen + chloroform, -solution’s color Positive Test

+ ferrox paper turned to deep- for
red
Oxygen
-ferrox paper
turned to white

Table 2. Preparation for Colorless Filtrate

Test Sample Treatment(s) Observation

Aspirin Na fusion, -vapor formed while

heating
-sample and sodium
became black in color
-glass tube broke when out
in water
 Table 3. Observations for Tests for Nitrogen, Sulfur, and Halogen
Test Sample Test Treatment(s) Observation Inference

Filtrate from Nitrogen Soda lime, -red litmus paper Negative

fusion became blue result for
Nitrogen

Filtrate from Sulfur PbAc2, NaOH, -white Negative

fusion precipitate result for
formed Sulfur
Filtrate from Halogen Cu wire, -no flame color Negative
fusion change result for
Halogen

Discussion

The table1 shows the Carbon and hydrogen are detected qualitatively by heating a mixture
of the given substance with dry copper (II) oxide in a glass tube. The table1 shows the observation
in the Test for Carbon and Hydrogen. The aspirin is oxidized and carbon dioxide and water are
formed. The presence of carbon dioxide is indicated by the formation of a white precipitate of
calcium carbonate when the gaseous products are passed through a solution of lime water. The
presence of hydrogen is indicated by the formation of droplets of water in the tube
. In the test for oxygen, using ferrox paper, the presence of oxygen in the prepared aspirin
can be determined. In the presence for oxygen, a deep-red color is distributed in the solution and
the ferrox paper color turns to white. Thus, these observations for test for oxygen showed positive
results in the aspirin.
Elements like nitrogen, sulfur and halogens are bonded covalently in the organic
compounds. In order to detect them, these have to be converted into their ionic forms. This is
done by fusing the organic compound with sodium metal. The ionic compounds formed during
the fusion are extracted in aqueous solution, and can be detected by simple chemical tests. The
aqueous solution obtained by extracting the fused mass in water is called sodium extract or
Lassaigne's extract.

In table 3 shows the test for nitrogen, sulfur and halogens. For a positive test for nitrogen,
it can be determined through soda lime test. Soda lime was made up of NaOH and CaO solution.
Using soda lime test, an amount of filtrate from the fusion is heated strongly with soda lime in the
test tube. The evolution of ammonia gives indication of nitrogen. One positive result for presence
of nitrogen is the odor and change in color of litmus paper. In the experiment, the filtrate from
fusion and soda lime was heated thoroughly, no evolution of vapor was observed and no change
of color in litmus paper was observed. This results, indicates that no nitrogen is present in the
aspirin.
In the test for sulfur, a small portion of filtrate from the fusion is basified with sodium
hydroxide and lead acetate solution is added to it. A black precipitate of lead sulfide indicates the
presence of sulfur. In the experiment, white precipitate formed. Hence, negative result for sulfur
in aspirin.
In the test for halogens, it can be detected by the Beilstein test. An organic halogen
compound imparts a green color to the flame when burned upon the surface of a copper wire. The
copper oxide formed from the copper wire reacts with the halogens to form the cuprous halide
which burns with a green flame. In the experiment, the loop of copper coil did not burn with green
flame instead it burned with yellow-orange flame. Thus, test for halogens in aspirin is negative.

Reactions

An organic compound containing C, H, N, S and halogens when fused with sodium metal
gives the following reactions.

(NaSCN) is formed during fusion, which in the presence of excess sodium forms sodium cyanide
and sodium sulfide.
Detection of Carbon and Hydrogen