Design of Photovoltaic Water-Pump Control System

Based on TMS320F2812
Dongliu Jiang, Yueping Mo, Wei Jiang, Haitian Huang, Liang zhang, Pengfei Xu, Xuming Hu
School of Energy and Power Engineering YangZhou University
YangZhou,JiangSu
e-mail: jiangdongliu22@163.com

Abstract-A kind of photovoltaic water-pump control system pump see-stem could realize different monitoring and software
based on digital signal processor TMS320F2812 is designed. An protection function.
improved P&Q method for maximum power point tracking of
solar array is adopted. The utilization efficiency of solar array is
improved by this way . Besides the perfect running and fully­
digital controlling are achieved by U 1 f constant control method
which is based on SVPWM modulation. The system has the
characteristics of small volume, light weight, running stability
and credibility and has the function of perfect protection.

Keywords-Photovoltaic water-pump; TMPPT; SVPWM;

TMS320F2812
Figure 1. Diagram ofphotovoitaic pumping systems

I. INTRODUCTION
B. DC/DC converter and DC/AC inverter
Facing the increasingly severe energy problem,
An isolated dc-dc topology is used as our front-end
development and utilization of new energy become our
converter: single phase full bridge + HF transformer + half
discussing hot topic. The development and use of photovoltaic
bridge rectifier, where Sl/S2, S4/S3 are switched
water-pump is an effective way of utilizing light energy. At
complementary with 50% duty, Tl/T2 are also switched in a
present, main problem of Photovoltaic water-pump is that solar
complementary fashion, however with a phase-shift angle with
cells are expensive and the conversion of solar battery is low
respect to S1/S2; the power transfer (or the output voltage) can
efficient, so improving the efficiency of the system is our
be controlled by phase-shift angle. In order to run a 220V AC
research focus. So photovoltaic water-pump system with
induction motor, a DC bus of 350V is required considering the
TMPPT and VVVF function is discussed on this paper.
safety margin. Therefore the front-end converter has to boost
the input voltage with a large ratio. System voltage gain is 2ND,
II. DESIGN OF PHOTOVOLTAIC PUMP SYSTEM
N is the transformer voltage ratio and D is the duty cycle for
the full-bridge inverter. Why we choose the single phase full
A. Summarization on design bridge, because current of the single phase full bridge circuit is
As shown in figure 1, an asynchronously photovoltaic continuous, improving the efficiency and power density of
water-pump system consists of five parts which are transformer core.
photovoltaic array, DCIDC converter, DC/AC inverter, control
module and water-pump.

The solar panel has open circuit voltage Voc of 2l V or 42V.

The voltage of the solar panel will rise to be a constant 350V
through the DCIDC boost converter. Then the constant 350V
through DC/AC inverter will be 220VAC to drive the induction
motor. The DSP TMS320F2812 processes the sampling signal
of voltage and current from the main circuit, controls and
regulates PWM duty of DC/DC converter through the TMPPT
algorithm to make photovoltaic array voltage be in the Figure 2. DC/DC converter
maximum power point and at the same time to improve the
utilization efficiency of photovoltaic array. By implementing The inverter circuit is designed with IPMPS21546. It uses
SVPWM interrupt algorithm, induction motor's working low-loss IGBT and is supported by functional control and
frequency f can be calculated by PI regulator. According to U/f protection circuit, constitutes an ideal high-frequency power
function the stator voltage U can be calculated. Then keep U/f module. The module requires only an external 15V power
constant value to keep the motor working on the state of supply. Each phase current of inverter can be monitored
constant flux stably. The asynchronously photovoltaic water- separately due to the divided negative dc terminals. System

978-1-61284-752-8/111$26.00 ©2011 IEEE

147
reliability is further enhanced by the integrated under-voltage
lock-out and short-circuits protection. This IPM simplifies the
hardware circuit design of the power part, but also greatly
{ 1; = m�. sine60° -e)
r; = m Y', sine
reduces the overall size of the inverter system design and
development cycle. 1'0 =�. -1; -T2 (3)

Ill. SVPWM CONTROL STRATEGY AND THE MAXIMUM

POWER POINT TRACKING METHOD
In the above formula: m= ( J3 ) I
/U de U* 1 ' m is

A. SVPWM control strategy of inverter modulation factor for the SVPWM, 1'0 is zero vector function
time.
SVPWM is a method based on magnetic chain locus, the
purpose is to make ac motor produce round magnetic field. It is For the sake of making the waveform symmetrical, the
based on different switch modes of inverter to produce flux to function time of each voltage vector is divided into two parts,
approximate ideal magnetic chain round for generating SVPW­ while the function time of the zero vector UO is allocated to the
M wave. Using SVPWM modulation technology can make two zero vectors UI and U7, this can reduce the harmonic
wings of three-phase asynchronous motor generate minimum content of the inverter voltage output. Meanwhile, the function
current harmonic distortion ,can solve pump problem of low­ sequence of the voltage vector must follow the principle of the
frequency start-up and operation ,besides can make better use least numbers of switch action, that is to say any changes
of dc voltage. caused by any one voltage vector can have only switch action
of an IGBT to reduce the torque and flux fluctuations [3].
1m'"
U2(110 According to PWM module functions of the event manager
U3(010)
'l\ )
in TMS320F2812 and the voltage space voltage vector control
'�
\ theory, we can calculate switching sequence and time of
//JTIJ \\ [J[f�<\
,iJ'\f I I \
'
bilateral vector and zero vector in the I sector, which is shown
.�.'
U4(011) :.. UO(OOO) \/ .?(O..
,,-
// �(j2 \\ U1(100) in Figure 4.In the same way can we calculate switching
\, U7(111) / .!L'I 'i'
' rte sequence and time of bilateral vector and zero vector in the
\ I IV / (:\'
•

other five sectors[1].

\.. / Iv I : :
\1 .,. .
U5(001)

Figure 3. Diagram of space voltage vector

S" U U
Space voltage vector diagram is shown in figure 3.
According to the control principle based on space voltage
vector, three-phase space voltage vector consists of eight
voltage vectors. Besides two zero vectors, six nonzero vectors Sh

iT, 1
are symmetrically and evenly distributed on complex plane.
Voltage vector U* in any fan-shaped area, which can be S,. � 12:7; 12 12
expressed as follows:

:
�
T : con :
.,.
:
In the above formula: and is the function time of UI and .,.
7;/Of/
U2, is PWM switching period.
Figure 4. Switch time signal of bilateral vector in I sector
By the formula (1), Figure 3 and the triangle law of sine
synthesis, formula (2) can be expressed as follows: My plan for speed regulation of induction motor is variable
voltage and variable frequency (VVVF). The control block of

(1; / Ts ) U1 _ (T2 / Ts ) U2
sin(60° -e)
Because of U1l 1 I U2 1
= =
expressed as follows:
----
the system is shown in Figure 5. The estimated solar panel
_ U* VMPP is used as the reference for the VVVF control loop, the
(2)
sine sin 1200 resulted error is fed into a PI controller to generate an
excitation frequency; the output stator voltage of 1M can be
obtained by look-up VIF table; the generated voltage reference
2Ude /3, the formula (3) can be value is used in SVPWM generator for six gate pulses.

148
 P�'MI and other analog terminals, and calculates pulse width value in
-
PWM2 real time, thus producing SVPWM waveform.
�.'M3
SVPWlv! PWM4
Flowchart of TMPPT interrupt subroutines is shown in
�
figure 7. In TMPPT algorithms, current computing power P (k)
1':'�\'15
PWh·I6
�
is compared with the last calculation power P (k-1). If it is less
than former value, which means that this control reduces power
output, so solar battery output voltage should be controlled
Figure 5. VVVF control ofinduction motor
with original opposite direction. If it is more than former value
I, solar battery output voltage should be controlled with the
B. The maximum power point tracking design original direction, so as to ensure the solar array be in the
maximum power point.
There are a lot of solar cells maximum power points
tracking methods, and commonly used methods are as follow:
constant voltage method (CVT), interference observation
(P&O) method and the conductance incremental method SVPWM

(IncCond), the power to grant method, linear approximation

•
According to U/f
method, the optimal gradient method etc. Complicated control function , calculate the
,------.
algorithm has power comparison method (PCM) and climbing motor voltage U

method (HCM), genetic algorithm, and Ophir wave search

+
Set time base
algorithm etc. This article chooses the most fundamental and
most commonly used interference observation method (P&O),

�
because this method is simple and easy to implement, no need Search the sector, where

to power derivation, improving the utilization efficiency of is the U

solar cells. But a drawback of P&O method is that, at steady

�
state, the operating point oscillates around the MPP giving rise Sample of DC bus voltage
to the waste of some amount of available energy[5][6][7]. and bus current, and motor
TMPPT control principle diagram is shown in figure 5. voltage and mater current

Calculate the action time T

TMPPT is essentially a self-optimization process. Through
the detection of the current output voltage and current output ,
�
current, the output power of the current array can be calculated,
then the power of the previous time is compared to the current Calculate modulation
wave cycle
power for controlling the duty cycle of PWM, and then test and
put action time T into
compare constantly , which can make the array work in the

�
registers
maximum power point.

current
Through the PI regulator,
the inverter output
frequency f
f-----
�
Interrupt return

·+, ·JI�: 1_
Is obtained

-
PhDtovoltaic
---.
pump

JlOwer
- ::
Solararrav
Figure 7. Flowchart ofSVPWM interrupt subroutine

voltage Solar array

curren!

Figure 6. Diagram ofTMPPT control principle

IV. SOFTWARE DESIGN

The system software includes the main program; interrupt

service program and protection subprogram.

For benefiting system extension, the main program uses

modular design thought. Main program mainly completes
related parameters initialization of this system, detection of
switch quantity, calculation of Vlf curve, and judgment of the
various states.

Flowchart of SVPWM interrupt subroutine is shown in

figure 6. It mainly completes sampling data of current, voltage

149
 lWPI Tek ii Trig'd M Pos: 2,400ms
Illorooone -+
ffitran�
y \
,
/ "
,
/ "

y
,

cakt�ate
�krU(K)'I(k) . u.:c �------- ��L�
CH1 500mV M mOms

Figure 10. The diagram of AC current ,and DC-link voltage

REFERENCES

[I] Zhang Tieliang, Su lianhui,Zhang Guolong,He Wentao.Study on Photo­

voltaic Pump Power Supply Based on Space Vector Pulse Width
Figure 8. Flowchart of TMPPT algorithm Modulation. Power Supply Technologies and Applications. 2006,9(4):9-
12.

[2] Sun liming.TMS320F2812 principle and C language program devclopm­

V. CONCLUSION ent[M].Beijing: Qinghua University press,2008.

By test, the asynchronous photovoltaic pump system which [ 3] Sheng Nan; Su IianHui; Zhang Guorong.Research of Photovoltaie
Water-pump System Based on SVPWM Control. Power Electronics,
is designed according to the above cogitation can capture solar
2010,44(4), pp.82-84.
cell maximum power point in different sunshine and
[ 4] Su Iianhui.A Research on Photovoltaic Water-pump System and It s
temperature condition and can steadily run asynchronous motor Control Strategy[D].Hefei University, 2003, pp.42-52.
with VVVF control. The system has a simple control strategy K. H. Hussein, 1. Muta, T. Hoshino, and M. Osakada, "Maximum pho­
[ 5]
and has the characteristics of good stability and high efficiency. tovoltaie power tracking: an algorithm for rapidly changing atmospheric
The PWM drive signal of DC/DC circuit of is shown in Figure conditions," IEE Proc. Generation, Transmission and Distribution,
vo1.142, no. I, pp. 1350-2360, Jan. 1995.
9. AC output current of DC/AC inverter, and DC-link output
voltage of DC/DC converter is shown in Figure lO. [ 6] V. Salas. E. OII' as, A. Barrado and A. La' zaro.Review of the ma­
ximum power point tracking algorithms for stand-alone photovoltaic
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[7] Nicola Femia, Member, IEEE, Giovanni Petrone, Giovanni Spagnuolo,
Tek .JL ii Trig'd M Pos: 8.000)JS SAVE/REC
Member, IEEE, and Massimo Vitelli. Optimization of Perturb and
...
/l'hase angle Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking Method. IEEE transactions on
l..
i ..Jl '1 tJ..
'" all..
� _ltiD;
'
Action
power clectrtronics, vol. 20, NO. 4, July 2005.

�41""""
:
'--
:-1-
- .
J
...... .......
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[ 8] Cong lin,Mo Yueping,Zhang Lili,Jiang Dongliu.Researeh of Low Power

r Photovoltaic Water-pump Control System Based on DSP. Power

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Figure 9. PWM drive Signal of DCIDC Circuit

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