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8051 microcontroller FAQ

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From: russ@shani.net (Russ Hersch)

Newsgroups: comp.arch.embedded, comp.sys.intel, comp.robotics.misc,
comp.realtime, sci.electronics.design, alt.comp.hardware.homebuilt,
comp.answers
Subject: 8051 microcontroller FAQ
Date: 12 Sep 1997 10:51:08 GMT
Message-ID: <microcontroller-faq/8051_874061449@rtfm.mit.edu>
Summary: This article is a collection of information sources on the
Intel 8051 family of microcontrollers (and variants).
X-Last-Updated: 1997/09/11
Archive-name: microcontroller-faq/8051
Posting-Frequency: monthly
Last-modified: September 11, 1997
This article is a collection of information sources on the Intel 8051

family of microcontrollers (and variants).
The following topics are addressed:
0) Rantings and ravings (to make the FAQ zero-based)
1) ABOUT THIS FAQ

1.1) Who put this FAQ together?
1.2) How can I contribute to this FAQ?
1.3) What newsgroups will this FAQ be posted to?
1.4) May I distribute this FAQ or post it somewhere else?
1.5) How about FAQs on other microcontrollers?
2) ABOUT THE 8051

2.1) The 8051 microcontroller
2.2) 8051 Flavors
2.3) 16-bit 8051 parts
2.4) 8051 representatives and approximate prices
2.5) Common and New 80x51 variants
2.6) Advantages realized in implementing control applications on
this family of microcontrollers
2.7) Getting started
2.8) Technical Questions and Answers
3) SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON THE 8051

3.1) FTP sites
3.2) Web pages
3.3) Mailing lists
3.4) BBSs
3.5) Help available!
4) 8051 PRODUCTS
4.1) Free languages and development tools
4.2) Free C compilers
4.3) Commercially available products
5) 8051 DOCUMENTATION
5.1) Periodicals
5.2) Books
5.3) Miscellaneous documentation
0) Rantings and ravings
Disclaimer: Just so it is understood, the "rantings and ravings" are

my rantings and raving. My readers are refined and sophisticated and
would never rant or rave. I, on the other hand, sit in front of the
TV in torn underwear and drink beer out of the bottle.
=====> OK, I know this FAQ is long. Very long. Well... it's
ridiculously long. If you are inconvenienced or strenuously object to
the posting of this FAQ, please DON'T FLAME me or send me nasty mail.
Just think what I have to go through. This FAQ takes a lot of my
time, of which I have very little to spare. I'm open for suggestions.
I've considered the following:
- splitting it up into smaller parts
- eliminating certain sections which may no longer be relevant -
the web and search engines certainly seem to make a lot of this
FAQ obsolete (or am I mistaken on this?)
- not posting it to the newsgroups and just turning this
whole mess into a [large] web page (the problem with this
is that I don't have a web site)
- forgetting about it all together and reminding my kids that I'm
their father (if you all tell me to go packing, I'll gladly
fold up shop and devote more time to family, friends, and
personal hygiene)
I would be happy to hear ideas on how this FAQ could be improved for
the reader. If it makes MY job easier, then that's even better.
OK, with that out of the way, let's get on with it...
Well, it's finally here. A free C compiler for the 8051. Featured in
Dr. Dobb's August 1997 issue, Andy Yuen's Retargetable Concurrent
Small C (RCSC) is based on James E. Hendrix' lengendary Small C. A
previous iteration of RCSC, Concurrent Small C was introduced in the
August 1996 issue of Dr. Dobbs. With the release of this compiler,
Andy Yuen is very likely to become a folk hero.
So, why are you still reading this? The FAQ will wait! First download
a copy of RCSC. You can get it from: http://www.ddj.com or
ftp://ftp.mv.com/pub/. Then go out and find a copy of Dr. Dobb's
August 1997 issue.
You'll still need to purchase either James E. Hendrix's "A Small C

Compiler" (ISBN 0-13-814724-8) or the Dr. Dobb's Small C Compiler
Resource CD. This of course means that the free C compiler isn't
totally free, but then again, what is?
If you'd like to start learning about microcontrollers, but the

thought of finding all the parts and then building one scares you,
take a look at the line of boards available from American Educational
Systems. They have three boards: AES-51 (8051), AES-11 (68hc11), and
AES-88 (8088). All three boards are built along the same lines and
include RAM, ROM, LCD display, keypad, A/D, serial ports, digital I/O
ports, and logic probe. Also included is a full bookshelf of
documentation. The AES-51 comes with a hardware manual, language
manual, and Intel's 8051 User's Manual (over 500 pages of reference
material). The board has a built in BASIC-52 and monitor built into
external ROM on board. The BASIC even includes commands for
displaying on the LCD. These boards are ridiculously easy to use and
program - you can get started experimenting right away.
This is a perfect system for students and hobbyists. Even

professionals will find this system useful as a prototyping tool and
test bed. Highly recommended.
For more information, contact:

American Educational Systems
970 West 17th St.
Santa Ana, CA 92706 USA
(800)730-3232 or (714)550-8094 Fax: (714)550-9941
SPJ Systems (Pune, India) has announced version 3.0 of their C

compiler for the 8051. The major new feature of this version is
support for the "bit" type. Although this version imposes some
limitations on the use of this newly supported type, you can now use
the bit manipulation capability of the 8051. One important benefit
will be smaller code size and code which is easier to maintain and
understand.
A working demo of the compiler package, which includes the library

sources and permits the compilation of small programs, is available
from their web site.
For questions or comments about the product, you can contact them at:
SPJ SYSTEMS
114, Chitrashala Bldg.
562, Sadashiv Peth
Pune, India
Phone: 91-212-451607 Fax: 91-212-480285
Email: spjs@giaspn01.vsnl.net.in
Web: http://www.prime-digest.w1.com/spj
Air Born Electronics in Australia has some nice project plans for the
8051 available on their web site. Point your browser at:
http://www.airborn.com.au/
MDL Labs offers the following BASIC language packages for the 8051:
1. BASIKIT--Integrated Programming Environment for BASIC-52
and for MDL-BASIC-I, MDL-BASIC-P, and MDL-BASIC-D. BASIKIT
includes a full-screen editor and permits writing programs
with labels rather than line numbers.
2. MDL-BASIC-I and MDL-BASIC-P are supersets of the original
BASIC-52, for the Intel 8052 and the Phillips PCB83C552,
respectively. All bugs removed.
3. MDL-BASIC-D is a BASIC for the Dallas 87C530 which accesses
all the features of the chip, including both serial ports,
the Watchdog, and the power-saving features. The BASIC will
address up to 512K of memory and will collect data into that
memory via serial port interrupts. It runs faster at 25 MHz
than compiled code on the 8052.
MDL Labs
1073 Limberlost Court
Columbus, OH 43235
Tel/Fax: 614-431-2675
Email: arl@infinet.com
Students at the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil

developed a "Remote Lab for the 8051". You send a machine code of the
8051 to a remote host (where there is 8051 board plugged in the PC)
and receive the values of the registers. Study the 8051
microcontroller, without buying a board. For more information:
www.inf.ufsc.br/~jbosco/labvir.htm
The Email of students are:
Miguel <wf@ambiente.com.br>
Cleber <cleber@inf.ufsc.br>
Hans Schou write to inform that the USB organization now has their
own homepage: http://www.usb.org (was http://www.teleport.com/~usb).
Hans is also willing to help out with problems using the 8051. His
new email address is: chlor@schou.dk
TCG (in Taiwan) has introduced two new products. One product is
32K-byte EPROM Emulator and the other is AT89C2051/1051 programmer
with limited emulation capability. These products feature platform
independence. You can use PC, Mac, Unix workstation, or even a dumb
terminal. All the necessary commands are built into the on-board
controller. For more information, check out these web sites:
http://www.yp.at-taiwan.com/~com00121
http://www.hth.com
For more information:
TCG
11 Ally22 Ln21 Pei-Ta Rd., Hsin-Chu City, Taiwan, R.O.C.
(886)3-532-7372 Fax: 886-3-531-7162
Email:ch.bbs@csie.nctu.edu.tw
Take care,
Uncle Russ
1) ABOUT THIS FAQ
1.1) Who put this FAQ together?
I was prompted to put this FAQ together in response to my own

frustration in searching for information, and to the constant
occurrence of requests for information on this subject in various
newsgroups. Hopefully others won't need to go through what I did.
Normally, I spend all day programming in assembler or C on an IBM PC.

With my hobbyist hat on I decided to try my hand at a little
microcontroller project design. When it came time to start, I had no
idea what to do. I had nothing to start with - no assembler, no
programming language, no simulator. I cobbled together a simulator
to help me learn about the workings of the chip. It's not being made
available to the public since I'm afraid the simulator isn't very
good. It was for my own use, so the user interface (there is none)
really sucks eggs.
I decided to search the net for information on the 8051. This list
was compiled the hard way, logging onto every anonymous ftp site I
could find and looking around. I also used Archie, other FAQs and
lists, and every reference to the 8051 that appeared in the various
news groups. It took a long time till stuff finally started popping
up. I saved all of my notes and the result was the first version of
this FAQ. Responses have been pouring in, and the result is a much
more complete and thorough FAQ.
1.2) How can I contribute to this list?
I please ask that if you have any suggestions or additions, or you

would like to correct any of the information contained herein, please
send me a note.
My Email address is: russ@shani.net
My Snail-Mail address is:
Russ Hersch
HaVradim 11
Ginot Shomron
ISRAEL
The list of individuals who have sent suggestions and encouragement

is endless. I hope it suffices to say "Thank you to all who have
contributed to this FAQ - we all appreciate it."
Special thanks to recent contributors:

Pramod Ramade (SPJ Systems)
Mark Meyer (American Educational Systems)
Michael Markowitz (EDN magazine)
Enrique Viseras
Philippe Techer (Virtual Micro Design)
Richard Lane
Ray Lavender (MDL Labs)
Hans Schou
Alfred Arnold
CH Tsai (TCG, Taiwan)
I hope that those of you who know of interesting items for the 8051
will share with everyone by contributing to this list. Piles of
stuff is turning up thanks to everyone's help.
If you are a manufacturer and have a web site, ftp site, or BBS
available that supports the 8051, please let me know by EMail so that
I can add it to this FAQ. Also, please feel free to update me on new
products.
1.3) What newsgroups will this FAQ be posted to?
This FAQ will be posted to the following newsgroups:

comp.sys.intel
comp.realtime
comp.robotics
comp.lang.forth
sci.electronics
These newsgroups often contain discussions, announcements, or
information on the 8051. Check them out from time to time.
The schedule for posting will be once a month. I can't promise that
it will be on time, but I hope to post it on the 26th of each month.
You might also want to check out the following newsgroups, since they
quite frequently have discussions about the 8051 and other
microcontrollers:
comp.arch.embedded
alt.comp.hardware.homebuilt
A bit farther afield, but still of possible interest:

comp.lang.misc
comp.ai.fuzzy
comp.dsp
sci.engr.control
sci.engr.semiconductors
1.4) May I post this FAQ to my local BBS?
I am putting no restrictions on the use of this FAQ except - It must

be distributed in its entirety with the copyright notice, and no
financial gain may be realized from it. After all, I have spent, and
continue to spend, a lot of time on this. The only thing that I
intend to gain from it is more information on the 8051, and getting
to know my fellow 8051 groupies better.
For this reason I have appended a copyright statement to the end of

this FAQ. I feel pretty silly doing this, but I just want to protect
myself. The copyright does not limit the use of this list for
noncommercial purposes. I hereby give my permission to one and all
to pass this list around and post it wherever you want - as long as
it is not for financial gain.
Thank you.
1.5) How about FAQs on other microcontrollers?
If anyone wishes to start a FAQ on another microcontroller, please

feel free to copy the format of this FAQ - I don't intend on
copyrighting the look and feel ;-). With a common format, we will
all benefit when trying to find information on a particular
microcontroller.
Other Microcontroller FAQs
Subject: PIC microcontrollers

Newsgroups: <no longer posted to newsgroups>
Web page: http://digiserve.com/takdesign
Maintainer: Tom Kellett
Email: Tom@takdsign.demon.co.uk
Subject: 68hc11 microcontrollers

Newsgroups: comp.realtime
comp.robotics
sci.electronics
Archive: rtfm.mit.edu : <plus all mirror sites>
/pub/usenet/comp.answers/microcontroller-faq/68hc11
/pub/usenet/sci.answers/microcontroller-faq/68hc11
/pub/usenet/news.answers/microcontroller-faq/68hc11
Maintainer: Robert Boys - Ontario, Canada
Email: rboys@best.com
Russ Hersch (maintainer emeritus :-)
Subject: Microcontroller primer and FAQ

Newsgroups: comp.sys.intel
comp.arch.embedded
comp.robotics
sci.electronics
alt.comp.hardware.homebuilt
Archive: rtfm.mit.edu : <plus all mirror sites>
/pub/usenet/comp.answers/microcontroller-faq/primer
/pub/usenet/sci.answers/microcontroller-faq/primer
/pub/usenet/news.answers/microcontroller-faq/primer
Maintainer: Russ Hersch
Email: russ@shani.net
Additional FAQs of interest
Subject: I2C protocol

Newsgroups: sci.electronics
alt.hardware.homebuilt
comp.robotics
comp.protocols.misc.
Comments: The I2C bus is a simple 2 wire serial interface
developed by Philips. A number of 8051 variants as
well as several peripherals include I2C support.
Maintainer: Vincent Himpe
Email: Vincent.Himpe@ping.be
Subject: Robotics
Newsgroups: comp.robotics
Maintainer: Kevin Dowling
(412)268-8830
Email: nivek@ri.cmu.edu
Smail: Carnegie Mellon University
The Robotics Institute
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Subject: Electronics
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
Comments: There are a number of FAQs available in this newsgroup
on various subjects. Among some of the subjects covered
are: LCDs, stepper motors, etc.
FAQ subject: Real-time

Newsgroups: comp.realtime, comp.answers, news.answers
Archive: rtfm.mit.edu : pub/usenet/comp.realtime
Maintainer: Mark Linimon
Lonesome Dove Computing Services
Roanoke, Virginia
Email: linimon@nominil.lonesome.com.
Subject: Motorola 68K microprocessor line

Newsgroups: comp.sys.m68k
Comments: without a doubt, one of the finest FAQs ever written
(well, of course Bob paid me to say this ;-)
Archive: bode.ee.ualberta.ca : pub/motorola/general
ftp.luth.se : /pub/misc/motorola/faq
file name of archive is m68kfaq?.zip (? is version)
Maintainer: Robert Boys - Ontario, Canada
Email: rboys@best.com
For more detailed information on various 8051 microcontroller parts,

see the article posted to comp.robotics and sci.electronics which
provides a tabular cross reference of features and pin counts on a
wide range of microcontrollers (including the 8051 family). This
list was compiled and is being maintained by Roger Nelson
<rnelson@wsuaix.csc.wsu.edu>.
For more information on various microcontrollers and their features,

refer to the Microcontroller primer and FAQ listed above.
2) ABOUT THE 8051
2.1) The 8051 microcontroller
The 8051 is an 8 bit microcontroller originally developed by Intel in

1980. It is the world's most popular microcontroller core, made by
many independent manufacturers (truly multi-sourced). There were 126
million 8051s (and variants) shipped in 1993!!
A typical 8051 contains:

- CPU with boolean processor
- 5 or 6 interrupts: 2 are external
2 priority levels
- 2 or 3 16-bit timer/counters
- programmable full-duplex serial port
(baud rate provided by one of the timers)
- 32 I/O lines (four 8-bit ports)
- RAM
- ROM/EPROM in some models
The 8051 architecture is a tad bizarre, but then so are the

architectures of most microcontrollers due to their specialization
(check out the PIC for creativity - for that matter, take a look at
any RISC chip). One vexing problem with the 8051 is its very
non-orthogonal instruction set - especially the restrictions on
accessing the different address spaces. However, after some time
programming the chip, you can get used to it - maybe even appreciate
it.
One strong point of the 8051 is the way it handles interrupts.

Vectoring to fixed 8-byte areas is convenient and efficient. Most
interrupt routines are very short (or at least they should be), and
generally can fit into the 8-byte area. Of course if your interrupt
routine is longer, you can still jump to the appropriate routine from
within the 8 byte interrupt region.
The 8051 instruction set is optimized for the one-bit operations so

often desired in real-world, real-time control applications. The
boolean processor provides direct support for bit manipulation. This
leads to more efficient programs that need to deal with binary input
and output conditions inherent in digital-control problems. Bit
addressing can be used for test pin monitoring or program control
flags.
2.2) 8051 Flavors
The 8051 has the widest range of variants of any embedded controller
on the market. The smallest device is the Atmel 89c1051, a 20 Pin
FLASH variant with 2 timers, UART, 20mA. The fastest parts are from
Dallas, with performance close to 10 MIPS! The most powerful chip is
the Siemens 80C517A, with 32 Bit ALU, 2 UARTS, 2K RAM, PLCC84
package, 8 x 16 Bit PWMs, and other features.
Among the major manufacturers are:

AMD Enhanced 8051 parts (no longer producing 80x51 parts)
Atmel FLASH and semi-custom parts
Dallas Battery backed, program download, and fastest variants
Intel 8051 through 80c51gb / 80c51sl
ISSI IS80C51/31 runs up to 40MHz
Matra 80c154, low voltage static variants
OKI 80c154, mask parts
Philips 87c748 thru 89c588 - more variants than anyone else
Siemens 80c501 through 80c517a, and SIECO cores
SMC COM20051 with ARCNET token bus network engine
SSI 80x52, 2 x HDLC variant for MODEM use
Advanced Micro Devices (AMD)
AMD was one of the first manufacturers of enhanced variants

including such features as: dual data pointers, slave interface
with arbitration unit, dual port RAM, FIFO buffers, and others.
They are now out of the 8051 business.
Atmel
The smallest current device is the ATMEL 89c1051, a 20 Pin FLASH

variant with 2 timers, UART, 20mA. ATMEL was the first with
standard pinout FLASH, and with more program cycles than other
custom pinout FLASH. These parts compete with OTP and MASK
product on price, but eliminate inventory problems and the hidden
costs of OTP development. This will put real pressure on
"vanilla" micros like PIC and ST6.
Dallas Soft Microcontrollers - DS5000(T), DS5001(T), DS2250(T)

The Dallas Soft Microcontrollers have standard 8051 cores with
on-chip non-volatile RAM instead of ROM. This gives the user the
ability to easily alter the system and is perfect for data
logging. These processors are available in both chip and module
solutions. Among the features included in this family of
products:
- on-chip non-volatile RAM
- loader in ROM for downloading programs (eliminates the hassle
of EPROM erase/program/install cycle)
- built in real time clock option
- watchdog timer
- software security (program and data encryption)
The DS500x is a standard 40 pin DIP package (well, mostly

standard, it is really a BOX which is about double the height of a
normal chip). The DS225x is a SIP version which is functionally
identical to the DS5000 but usually a bit less expensive.
The nice thing about having the RAM on-chip, is that the I/O ports
are unaffected. When the RAM is configured as CODE memory, the
DS5000 behaves exactly as a single-chip 8051. The NV-RAM is
static with a built-in lithium battery, and has no limitations on
the number of writes. You can download your code as many times as
you like without damaging the device. The DS5000 also includes a
loader in ROM, which permits you to bootstrap code into the RAM to
get underway. The loader and on-chip RAM have an encryption
feature with which you can protect your code from being read back
from the device if you wish.
Dallas High-Speed Micros - DS80c320, DS87c520, DS87c530
Real barn-burners - performance up to 10 MIPS! Dallas was the

first to speed up the core. Wasted clock and memory cycles have
been removed using a redesigned processor core. As a result,
every 8051 instruction is executed up to 3 times faster than the
original for the same crystal speed. Clock speeds from DC to
33MHz!
High performance doesn't just mean speed. High integration gives

the user 2 full-duplex hardware serial ports, 13 total interrupt
sources (6 external), watchdog timer, power management, power-fail
reset, and other features.
Intel MCS-51
Introduced in 1980, it has become the industry standard for

embedded control. Intel offers a wide variety of 8051 versions
with different configurations of on-board EPROM/ROM. Also low
power, high integration, and specialized parts are also offered.
OKI
OKI makes an 85c154 piggyback - an 8751 but with an EPROM socket

on top! Great with an EPROM emulator.
Philips
Philips has more 8051 variants than anyone else. Among the
derivatives that they have: 40MHz, 24 pin skinny DIP, low
voltage, quad flat pack (QFP) versions for saving board space,
OTP, I2C bus, and so on.
The c5xx line features high integration, with many built-in

features including built-in EMI/RFI suppression.
The c7xx series are very low-end, inexpensive micros. They are
offered with less memory (1k, 2k, etc.) and fewer features. In
fact the 83c750 sells for only $1 in very high OEM volumes.
Siemens sab80c517a
The 80c517a is one of the most powerful 8051 variants available.

It features high clock speed (40 MHz), and high integration with
32 Bit ALU, 2 UARTS, 2K RAM, PLCC84 package, 8x16 bit PWMs, and
more.
Standard Microsystems Corporation SMC COM20051

The COM20051 is an integrated microcontroller and network
interface which features:
- high performance and low cost
- based on popular 8051 architecture
- drop-in replacement for 80C32 PLCC
- network supports up to 255 nodes
- powerful network diagnostics
- maximum 512 byte packets
- duplicate node ID detection
- self-configuring network protocol
- retains all 8051 peripherals including Serial I/O and
2 Timers
- utilizes ARCNET(R) Token Bus Network Engine
- requires no special emulators
- 5 Mbps to 156 Kbps data rate
- network interface supports RS-485, twisted pair,
coaxial, and fiber optic interfaces
- "receive all" mode allows any packet to be received
Silicon Systems Inc. SSI73M2910/2910A
The SSI73M2910 is a high performance microcontroller designed for

modem and communications applications.
- 8052 Compatible Instruction set.
- 34 MHz Operation @ 4.5 - 5.5V
- 44 MHz Operation @ 4.75 - 5.5.V (2910A)
- 22 MHz Operation @ 3.3 - 5.5.V
- HDLC Support Logic (Packetizer, 16 and 32 CRC, zero ID)
- 24 pins for user programmable I/O ports
- 8 pins programmable chip select logic or I/O for memory mapped
peripherals eliminating glue logic
- 3 external interrupt sources (programmable polarity)
- 16 dedicated latched address pins
- Multiplexed latched/address bus
- Instruction cycle time identical to 8052
- Buffered oscillator (or OSC/2) output pin
- 1.8432 MHz UART clock available
- Bank select circuitry to support up to 128K of external
program memory
- 100-Lead TQFP package available for PCMCIA applications
- Also available in 100-Lead QFP package
2.3) 16-bit 8051 parts
A joint project between Intel and Philips Semiconductors has resulted

in two new excting products - 16 bit 8051s! Due to a disagreement
between the parties, they each went their separate ways. Intel
developed the MCS-251, which was originally called the ZX (this name
can still be found on one of the Intel slide shows). Philips came
out with the eXtended Architecture (XA) line.
The Intel MCS-251 is a drop-in replacement for the 8051 (at least,
after programming the mode control bits first), and is also binary
compatible. The XA is more of a 16 bit micro which also happens to
be source code compatible. One can argue the merits of which
approach is better.
Pin compatible parts allow instant performance upgrades for existing

designs, and the binary compatibility truly preserves users
investment in code and tools. By staying firmly in the 80x51 camp,
Intel allows users transparent access to an enormous horsepower
range. To further improve throughput in numerically intensive areas,
users can use INTEGER, LONGINT, and FLOAT libraries written for the
MCS-251. The Philips XA is not a drop-in replacement for the 8051.
Binary code compatibility is nice, you can move right up to a more

powerful engine without having to bust a gut (We all know the Intel
binary compatible success story with their 80x86 microprocessors).
But if you're working on a new design, how necessary is binary
compatibility? If you're just looking for a souped up '51, Dallas
already has the 320. If you need the advanced features, you'll need
to recompile or rewrite your software anyhow. You'll also have to
drag along some compatibility baggage with you in order to use the 16
bit operations - these are preceded by an escape code (A5H), the only
instruction not used in the 8051 instruction set.
With source code compatibility, you have to recompile your code (with
a new set of development tools), since the instruction set has been
recrafted to allow the biggest bang for the buck. This process isn't
100% transparent, but then again, binary compatibility isn't either.
If you're upgrading an existing design, the 251 is probably your only

reasonable choice (although you might also want to consider the
Dallas 320). On new designs, you'll have a tough decision to make.
Whichever path you choose to take, the 8051 will never be the same
again.
Intel MCS-251
The Intel MCS-251 is 100% binary and pin compatible with the 8051,
but with a 5-15 times boost in horsepower. This is achieved by a
six fold gain in bus cycles, and further hardware improvements to
avoid wasted bus cycles.
Further performance gains are possible by recoding critical

sections to take advantage of the new features: powerful 8/16/32
bit instructions, flexible 8/16/32 registers, 16MB linear address
space, 16-bit stack pointer, enhanced BIT manipulations, and
improved control instructions. In addition to extra 16/32 bit
instructions, the 251 includes 40 registers with Accumulator and
Index functions overlayed as 16x8, 16x16, 10x32.
Should we expect a 351 in the future. How about a 451? Or maybe

a Penti-uC?
Philips 8051XA
By tossing compatibility out the window, Philips was able to

develop a true 16 microcontroller while at the same time
preserving the basic 8051 instruction set (source). The benefits
of this break with tradition result in a chip that has dual 16MB
address spaces (data and code), multitasking support with task
protected memory segments, a separate SFR bus, fast context
switching, and optimized code efficiency. Other features include:
hardware divide and multiply (over 100 times faster than an 8051),
32 vectored interrupts, 16 hardware exceptions, and 16 trap
instructions.
2.4) 8051 representatives and approximate prices (in USD $)
There are many, many varieties of 8051 out there. This is only a
small sampling of typical prices on Intel chips.
8031 (128 bytes RAM)...................................3.59

80C31 (CMOS version of previous).......................6.95
8051AH (256 bytes RAM).................................6.95
8051AHBASIC (w/Basic interpreter built in)............29.95
8751 (4K EPROM, 128 bytes RAM)........................26.95
87C51 (CMOS version of previous)......................39.95
2.5) Common and New 80x51 variants
Intel has announced that 8052AH-BASIC has reached its EOL (end of
life) and is not any more in production. Resellers may still have
some chips in stock. However, both source and object code is
available in many ftp-sites (and Intel BBS) and can be loaded into
any 8052-compatible internal ROM memory (or external ROM, but then
PROG and DMA cannot be used).
At least few years ago, MicroMint Inc. (4 Park St, Vernon,

CT 06066, USA) was selling their own 80C52-BASIC at USD 25, speed DC
12 MHz, CMOS.
<Thanks to Eero-Pekka Mand>
Thanks to Jim Granville of Mandeno Granville Electronics, Ltd. for

the following nice summary.
Key:
PCA programmable counter array
LV low voltage
PWM pulse width modulation
CC capture/compare
UPI Universal Peripheral Interface (Philips)
Variant Pins Mfg RAM CODE XRAM Notes (LV - low voltage)
---------------------------------------------------------------------
MCS251 40 Intel 1K 16K 0 16 Bit 80x51FX! Prelim
80C509L 100qf Siemens 256 64Kx 3K ALU,PWM,CC,2UART,10bA/D
80C517A 84 Siemens 256 64Kx 2K ALU,8PWM,CC,2UART,10bA/D
80C537A 84 Siemens 256 32K 2K ALU,8PWM,CC,2UART,10bA/D
80537 84 Siemens 256 64Kx 0 ALU,8PWM,CC,2UART,8bA/D
80517 84 Siemens 256 8K 0 ALU,8PWM,CC,2UART,8bA/D
73D2910 100qfp SSI 256 128Kx 0 80C52+Ports+HDLC
80C535A 68 Siemens 256 64Kx 1K 515+10bA/D,1K XRAM,BRG,OWD
80CE558 80qfp Philips 256 64Kx 768 Enhanced 80C552, Sep i2c, RSO
80C515A 68 Siemens 256 32K 1K 515+10bA/D,1K XRAM,BRG,OWD
80535 68 Siemens 256 64Kx 0 Timer2CaptComp 6ports 8/10bA/D
80515 68 Siemens 256 8K 0 Timer2 CaptComp 4 ports 8b A/D
80C535 68 Siemens 256 64Kx 0 Timer2 CaptComp 5 ports 8b A/D
80C51GB 68 Intel 256 64Kx 0 8051FA+PCA, 8b A/D, SPI
87C51GB 68 Intel 256 8K 0 8051FA+PCA, 8b A/D, SPI
80C592 68 Philips 256 64Kx 256 552-i2c+CAN+XRAM
87C592 68 Philips 256 16K 256 552-i2c+CAN+XRAM
87C598 80 Philips 256 32K 256 552-i2c+CAN+XRAM
80C552 68 Philips 256 64Kx 0 10b A/D, i2c, CaptComp, PWM
87C552 68 Philips 256 8K 0 10b A/D, i2c, CaptComp, PWM
80C562 68 Philips 256 64Kx 0 8b A/D, i2c, CaptComp, PWM
SABC505C 44 Siemens 256 64Kx 256 8bA/D,XRAM,OWD,CAN V2B, Xt2
SABC504 44 Siemens 256 64Kx 256 10bA/D,XRAM,OWD,DC Motor PWM
87C451 68 Philips 128 4K 0 7 Ports, 1 Handshake
80C451 68 Philips 128 64Kx 0 7 Ports, 1 Handshake
87C453 68 Philips 256 8K 0 7 Ports, 1 Handshake
83CL580 56,64 Philips 256 6K 0 LV 8052+ADC+i2c+More INTs,WDOG
80C320 40 Dallas 256 64Kx 0 FAST, 2 DPTR 2 UART VRST
80C310 40 Dallas 256 64Kx 0 Simpler 80C320 e62.5Mhz
87C520 40 Dallas 256 16K 1K 16K OTP enhanced 80C320
80C51FX 40 Intel 256 64Kx 0 80C58i+PCA,AsRST
87C51FA 40 Intel 256 8K 0 8052+PCA,Enh Serial Automotive
87C51FB 40 Intel 256 16K 0 8052+PCA,Enh Serial Automotive
87C51FC 40 Intel 256 32K 0 8052+PCA,Enh Serial Automotive
8XC51FB 40 Philips 256 16K 0 87C51FB with ALE RFI mode
87C51FXL 40 Intel 256 32K 0 3.3v 80C51FC
80C152JD 68 Intel 256 64Kx 0 HDLC/SDLC Serial
80C152 48 Intel 256 64Kx 0 HDLC Serial
8044 40 Intel 192 64Kx 0 RUPI Serial
80C575 40 Philips 256 64Kx 0 8052+PCA,AnalogComp,WDOG,RSTLo
87C575 40 Philips 256 8K 0 8052+PCA,AnalogComp,WDOG,RSTLo
80C576 40 Philips 256 8K 0 8052+PCA,UPI,A/D,PWM,WDOG,VRSTLo
87C576 40 Philips 256 8K 0 8052+PCA,UPI,A/D,PWM,WDOG,VRSTLo
SABC501 40 Siemens 256 64Kx 0 40MHz Enhanced 8052 U/D
SABC502 40 Siemens 256 64Kx 256 8052+XRAM+8DP+WD+BRG+OWD
80C528 40 Philips 256 64Kx 256 8052+Wdog, XRAM
87C528 40 Philips 256 32K 256 8052+Wdog, XRAM
89CE528 44 Philips 256 32KF 256 Flash 528
87C524 40 Philips 256 16K 256 16K 87C528
80C550 40 Philips 128 4K 0 8b A/D WDog
80CL781 40 Philips 256 64Kx 0 LV 8052, More INTs, WDOG
83CL781 40 Philips 256 16K 0 LV 8052, More INTs, WDOG
80CL782 40 Philips 256 64Kx 0 LV, faster 781
89S8252 40.44 Atmel 256 10KFE 0 FLASH, 8K+2KEE, WDOG, SPI
89C55 40.44 Atmel 256 20KF 0 FLASH, Fast,LV 87C52+20K
89C52 40.44 Atmel 256 8KF 0 FLASH, Fast,LV 87C52
87C54 40 Intel 256 16K 0 16K 87C52i
87C58 40 Intel 256 32K 0 32K 87C52i
87C52 40 Intel 256 8K 0 8052+U/D+OscO+4Li
80C154 40 Matra 256 64Kx 0 Enhanced 8052 (also OKI)
83C154D 40 Matra 256 32K 0 Enhanced 8052
83C154 40 OKI 256 16K 0 Enhanced 8052
80C654 40 Philips 256 64Kx 0 i2c
87C652 40 Philips 256 8K 0 i2c
87C654 40 Philips 256 16K 0 i2c
83CE654 44qfp Philips 256 16K 0 i2c, low RFI 654
DS5000 40 Dallas 128 32KR 32K 80x51 Secure+NVsupport,BootLdr
DS2250 40sim Dallas 128 32K 32K 5000, in SIMM package
DS5001 80qfp Dallas 128 64Kx 64K Enhanced DS5000, RPC BatSw
80C851 40 Philips 128 64Kx 0 8051+256B EEPROM
83C852 6 Philips 256 6K 0 ALU,2K EEPROM SmartCard,Die
8052 40 All 256 64Kx 0 8051+Timer2
8752 40 Intel 256 8K 0 8051+Timer2
80C52 40 Siemens 256 64Kx 0 8051+Timer2,Philips,Oki,Matra
88SC54C 8 Atmel 256 64Kx 512 8052+PublicKey,prelim
80CL410 40 Philips 128 64Kx 0 LV, More INTs i2c-UART
80CL31 40 Philips 128 64Kx 0 LV, More Ints 80x51
80CL610 40 Philips 256 64Kx 0 LV, More INTs i2c-UART
83CL411 40 Philips 256 64Kx 0 80CL31 with 256 RAM, No T2
89C51 40.44 Atmel 128 4KF 0 FLASH,Fast,LV 87C51
8751 40 All 128 4K 0 Core processor,UART,Tmr0,Tmr1
87C51 40 All 128 4K 0 Core processor,UART,Tmr0,Tmr1
8031 40 All 128 64Kx 0 Core processor,UART,Tmr0,Tmr1
8051 40 All 128 4K 0 Core processor,UART,Tmr0,Tmr1
80C31L 40 Matra 128 64Kx 0 LV 80x51
87C752 28 Philips 64 2KE 0 87751+ A/D, PWM
87C749 28 Philips 64 2KE 0 87C752 - i2c
87C751 24 Philips 64 2KE 0 Small size, bit i2c
87C748 24 Philips 64 2KE 0 87C751 - i2c
87C750 24 Philips 64 1KE 0 Small size
89C2051 20 Atmel 128 2KF 0 20Pin 89C51,+AnaComp+LED
89C1051 20 Atmel 64 1KF 0 20Pin 2051 -uart,timer1
2.6) Advantages realized in implementing control applications on this

family of microcontrollers
Wildly popular - readily available and widely supported, a full range

of free and commercial support products is available
Fast and effective - the architecture correlates closely with the

problem being solved (control systems), specialized instructions mean
that fewer bytes of code need to be fetched and fewer conditional
jumps are processed
Low cost - high level of system integration within one component,

only a handful of components needed to create a working system
Wide range - ONE set of tools covers the greatest horsepower range
of any microcontroller family, other suppliers handle a number of
DIFFERENT and INCOMPATIBLE (and often single-sourced) cores to cover
the same power range as the 80x51, the 8051 provides a real cost
savings in tools, training, and software support
Compatibility - opcodes and binaries are the SAME for all 80x51
variants (unlike most other microcontroller families)
Multi-sourced - over 12 manufacturers, hundreds of varieties,
something for everyone with the security of ready availability
Constant improvements - improvements in silicon/design increase speed

and power annually, 16 bit models coming from several manufacturers,
low cost skinny DIP models now available
2.7) Getting started
If you are interested in getting started with the 8051, you will need
to concern yourself with getting the appropriate hardware and
software to develop your system.
A good start would be to pick up a couple of books on the subject.

Two really great books for beginners are "The Microcontroller Idea
Book" by Jan Axelson (Lakeview Research) and "Programming and
Interfacing the 8051 Microcontroller" by Sencer Yeralan and Ashutosh
Ahluwalia (Addison Wesley). Both books contain complete plans for
microcontroller boards/systems if you plan on rolling your own. The
Yeralan/Ahluwalia books also contains a diskette with just about all
of the software that you'll need to get started progamming for the
8051 (assembler, simulator, etc). These books also have many circuit
and code examples and are very useful for the beginner (I'm going to
need an extra copy of each for reading in the bathroom :-).
Which software you choose is mostly a matter of personal preference,

how much time you have to invest, how much money you have to invest,
and what you want to accomplish. Serious work can be accomplished
using much of the free software listed in this FAQ, however in most
cases technical support is unavailable. Registering shareware, or
buying a mainstream commercial package gives you backup and support
and helps you get going much faster.
If you are a hobbyist or student, and would like to program in C, I

would recommend looking at the Dunfield Development System. I use
this package and it is a powerful package for only $100. It includes
a full suite of development tools including C compiler, assembler,
linker, and much more. A hardware-resident simulator/emulator is
available for an additional $50. Another C compiler package from
Micro Computer Control provides similar capabilities for the same
price.
A wide range of development options exists for all budgets and

purposes. One convenient way to start is the Ceibo/Philips DS-750
development system, based on the 80c75x (a scaled down 8051 variant).
The "emulator" board programs the chips (so you won't need an EPROM
programmer and the debugger has a user interface much like Borland's
Turbo Debugger.
The development system that I use is based on the Dallas DS5000. The
nice thing about the DS5000 is that you can upload your programs
directly to the chip (no EPROM needed!). The Dunfield package
provides excellent support for this chip, including plans for
building a "pseudo-ice". With this setup, all you need to do is
upload your program, and debug (emulate) on the target hardware.
This setup is highly recommended.
One other possibility is the 8052AH-BASIC chip. With a Basic

interpreter built in, you have an interactive development system when
attached to your PC. Jan Axelson's book gives complete coverage on
this chip, including plans to build your own system, programming in
Basic, and interfacing to various peripherals and devices.
What might be the easiest way to get started, is by buying a complete

development package. The AES-51 from American Educational Systems is
a good example. This package comes complete with everything you need
to get started and do real work. The microcontroller board has just
about every peripheral you'll ever need built right in (LCD, keypad,
A/D, D/A, I/O, etc) and comes with a built-in monitor and BASIC. Also
included is a shelf full of tutorial and reference books and a
diskette with the required support software for your PC. For less
than $300, you get a complete and professionally designed and
packaged educational tool. AES also has two other boards (based on
the 68hc11 and 8088) which have the same basic appearance and
functionality.
2.8) Technical Questions and Answers
Q: Why are ports P0 and P2 unavailable for I/O when using external
memory?
A: The output drivers of ports 0 and 2, and the input buffers of

port 0, are used to access external memory. Port 0 outputs the
low byte of the external memory address, time-multiplexed with
the byte being read/written. Port 2 outputs the high byte of the
external memory address when the address is 16 bits wide.
Otherwise, the port 2 pins continue to emit the P2 SFR contents.
Therefore, when external memory is being used, ports 0 and 2 are
unavailable for their primary use as general I/O lines.
Q: Is there anything I can do to use these ports for I/O when using
external memory?
A1: Not really.
A2: If you really want to make your life miserable, you can try to
use P2 for output when it isn't being used for memory access.
The contents of the SFR latch for port 2 are not modified during
the execution of a Data Memory fetch cycle on the Expanded Bus.
If an instruction requiring a cycle on the Expanded Bus is not
followed by another instruction requiring a cycle on the Expanded
Bus, then the original contents of the port 2 SFR latch will
appear during the next machine cycle. That is, when PSEN, RD and
WR are all inactive, you can use port 2 for output (check the
timing charts in the data book). The chip will emit the contents
of the P2 SFR at that time. Do you REALLY want to bother with
this though?
A3: By including the external RAM "on-chip", the Dallas DS5000 makes
these ports available for I/O. The SLIC E2 from Xicor does the
same thing for other 8051 parts.
A4: If you really need the extra I/O ports, there are number of 8051
variants that have additional ports. Philips and Siemens are two
such manufacturers that have these parts in their product lines.
Q: I'm outputting a 1 to a pin on port 0, but I'm not getting a 1
out. If I use a pin on port 1 instead, it works fine. What am I
doing wrong?
A: Port 0 has open drain outputs. Ports 1, 2, and 3 have internal

pullups. What does this mean? See the next question and answer.
Q: Port 0 has open drain outputs. Ports 1, 2, and 3 have internal

pullups. What does this mean, and why should I care?
A: When used as outputs, all port pins will drive the state to which
the associated SFR latch bit has been set. Except for port 0,
which will only drive low (not high). When a 0 is written to a
bit in port 0, the pin is pulled low (0). But, when a 1 is
written to a bit in port 0, the pin goes into a high impedance
state - or in other words, "disconnected", no value. To be able
to get a 1 as output, you need an external pullup resistor to
pull up the port (to 1) when the port is in its high impedence
state. Typical values for pullups might be 470 ohm to drive a
LED, and 4.7K or higher to drive logic circuits.
C: Any port pin may be used as a general purpose input simply by

writing a 1 into the associated SFR latch bit. Since ports 1, 2,
and 3 have internal pull-up devices they will pull high and will
source current when pulled low. When a port 0 bit is programmed
for input (set to 1) it will go to a high impedance state.
Q: Why is such an oddball crystal frequency of 11.0592 MHz used so

often for 8051 designs.
A1: 11.0592 MHz crystals are often used because it can be divided to
give you exact clock rates for most of the common baud rates for
the UART, especially for the higher speeds (9600, 19200).
Despite the "oddball" value, these crystals are readily available
and commonly used.
A2: When Timer 1 is used as the baud rate generator, the baud rates
in Modes 1 and 3 are determined by the Timer 1 overflow rate and
the value of SMOD (PCON.7 - double speed baud rates) as follows:
smod
2
Baud rate = ------ x (Timer 1 overflow rate)
32
Most typically, the timer is configured in the auto-reload mode

(mode 2, high nibble of TMOD = 0100B). In this case, the baud
rate is given as:
smod
2 Oscillator frequency
Baud rate = ------- x --------------------
32 12 x (256 - TH1)
Some typical baud rates for an 11.0592 crystal:
Baud rate SMOD TH1

---------------------
19200 1 0FDH
9600 0 0FDH
4800 0 0FAH
2400 0 0F4H
1200 0 0E8H
300 0 0A0H
Another way to look at it, would be to rework the formula to give

us the crystal frequency that we need for the desired baud rate:
smod
Minimum crystal frequency = Baud rate x 384 / 2
This gives us the minimum crystal frequency possible for the

desired baud rate. The frequency can be evenly multiplied to
obtain higher clock speeds.
As an example, the minimum crystal frequency for 19.2K baud is:

3.6864 = 19200 x 384 / 2 (smod is 1 for 19.2K baud)
11.0592 = 3.6864 x 3
To determine the timer reload value needed, the formula can be

changed to factor in the multiplier:
smod
Crystal frequency = Baud rate x (256 - TH1) x 384 / 2
From the example above, the multiplier (3) is used to determine

TH1:
TH1 = 256 - 3 = 253 = 0FDH
The crystal frequency for 19.2K baud is:

11.0592 = 19200 x (256 - 0FDH) x 384 / 2
(smod is 1 for 19.2K baud)
Other values can also give good results, but 11.0592 is one of
the higher speed crystals that allows high baud rates.
A: Well, you wanta talk about oddball values? Another good crystal
value is 7.3728 MHz and its multiples. Using counter1 this gives
an even 38.4 kbps rate exactly, which is not possible with
11.0952 MHz Xtal. <Thanks to Eero-Pekka Mand>
Q: How do I decrement the data pointer (DPTR)? Where did the DEC
DPTR instruction go?
A1: You can't decrement DPTR. Although there is an INC DPTR

instruction, there is no DEC DPTR. In fact, there is no other
way to change the contents of DPTR except for MOV and INC.
A2: You can use the accumulator as an offset if you need to perform
"calculations" on the DPTR. As an example:
MOV DPTR,#9000 ; load base address into DPTR
MOV A,#10 ; load desired offset
MOVC A,@A+DPTR ; retrieve desired data
A3: Another method would be to use indirect addressing. Instructions

such as MOVX A,@Ri can address a 256 byte "page" of external RAM.
The value represented by @Ri (@R0 or @R1) is emitted to Port 0,
which is the low byte of the external RAM address bus. In
addition, the contents of the P2 register is emitted to Port 2,
which is the high byte of the external memory address bus. The
indirect addressing register together with the P2 register, which
specifies the "current page number", gives us a 16 bit pointer
into the external memory address space.
This technique can make moving data in external memory much

faster than reloading DPTR every time. The indirect addressing
register can be manipulated much easier than DPTR which can only
be loaded and incremented. Just remember to make sure that P2
contains the proper value for the high byte of the address.
A4: Inside the BASIC interpreter source code, and published in its
manual, is a short and efficient subroutine to decrement data
pointer, only 6 statements:
XCH A,DPL ; JNZ $+4 ; DEC DPH ; DEC A ; XCH A,DPL ; RET
Only DPTR is affected, not A or any flags!
<Thanks to Eero-Pekka Mand>
Q: I'm trying to PUSH and POP the accumulator, but my assembler

complains about the instruction PUSH A. What's wrong with
this?
A: In instructions that are accumulator specific, A is used to

represent the accumulator. However, PUSH and POP have no
accumulator specific forms, only direct addressing forms.
Therefore, you need to specify the correct accumulator "address"
- ACC. Use the instruction PUSH ACC.
Q: The 8052 AH-BASIC interpreter seems to work OK when I perform

simple interpreted commands. For example:
READY
> PRINT "HELLO"
HELLO
However, when I try to enter a [numbered] statement, I get an
error:
READY
> 10 PRINT "HELLO"
INVALID LINE NUMBER..!!
I get the same error when I try LIST. No matter what value I set
a variable to, it returns a 0. What's my problem?
A1: Faulty memory decoding or addressing is the most common cause for
this error message. This happens when RD/WR is affecting two (or
more) active memory chips. So, decode each CS very carefully!
A2: Your address decoding might also indicate that there is more
memory than really exists. Go over your circuit design and
inspect your wiring carefully.
Q: Can I use C for time critical code?
A: The code produced by many of the excellent compilers today, is

remarkably efficient - for both speed and size. Modern compilers
are quite adept at keeping track of register and variable usage.
Further optimization techiniques result in code that can be as
good or better than hand written assembler. Even for ISRs
(interrupt service routines), C should be acceptable for all but
the most time critical routines.
Makes you think twice about breaking your head over assembly
code.
Q: The Intel MCS-51 assembly language defines alternate symbols AR0

... AR7 for registers R0 ... R7. What is this good for? (Thanks
to Wolfgang Heinz who submitted this Q & A)
A: Some 8051 instructions do not support all possible addressing

modes. For example, the PUSH and POP instructions are only
available with direct addressing. Since the registers R0 ... R7
are mapped into the internal memory, they must also have a DATA
(= direct) address. The special assembler symbols AR0 ... AR7
are simply the absolute DATA addresses of registers R0 ... R7.
Although there is no instruction PUSH R5 with true register
addressing, you can do it with PUSH AR5 (= direct addressing)!
Q: Usually the 8051 register banks are switched with the RS0 and RS1
bits in the status register PSW at runtime. But how is it
possible to switch the banks at assembly time with the USING
instruction, implemented in so many 8051 assemblers?
(Thanks to Wolfgang Heinz who submitted this Q & A)
A: Not at all! This must ALWAYS be done with bits RS0 and RS1 at
runtime. The USING instruction switches only the absolute DATA
addresses of the special assembler symbols AR0 ... AR7 according
to the selected bank number. With most assemblers that implement
relocatable segments and object modules, the linker is forced to
reserve space for the corresponding register bank in the internal
memory.
Q: The Intel 8x151/8x251 won't "drop-in" for an 8051. What gives?

(Thanks to Dave Baldwin of The Computer Journal for this one)
A: You need to use a programmer to set a couple bits to the correct

state. This info is hidden away in an app note available from
their fax-back service.
3) SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON THE 8051
3.1) FTP sites
The following is a list of the various anonymous ftp sites that have
8051 source code and programming languages. There are many others
that are not listed here that contains bits and pieces. Usually you
can find them using Archie and searching for "8051", "AS31", "ASM51",
"MCS-51", "MCS51", and stuff like that.
ftp.pppl.gov (formerly lyman.pppl.gov)

- this is a great source of 8051 stuff
/pub/8051
/pub/incoming - check this out for new untested/unsorted items
ftp.funet.fi (nic.funet.fi)
- this is a great one, too
/pub/compilers/8051
/pub/microprocs/MCS-51 <mirror of ftp.pppl.gov>
other subdirectories in /pub/microprocs include:
1802, 6805, 6811, 8048, 8096 and many other microprocessors
ftp.intel.com
- this ftp site is pretty good now, and getting better all the
time!
- send comments to: ftp-admin@intel.com
/pub/mcs51
/pub/mcs51/tools - contains various development tools
ftp.InetBSystems.us.com
- lots of good stuff here!
/pub/Philips-MCU/bbs
- contains the following directories:
.../assemblers - assemblers, disassemblers, and simulators
.../basic - Basic utilities and interpreters
.../forth - Forth programming tools
.../debuggers - monitors and debuggers
.../utilities - miscellaneous information and utilities
.../examples - code examples
.../unsorted - new [unsorted] files
.../xa - files on the new XA "16 bit 8051"
/pub/Philips-MCU/archive - email archive
nctuccca.edu.tw
- mirror of ftp.intel.com
- /vendors/Intel
ftp.zilker.net
- /pub/philips
- Philips "mini ftp site" set up by Phil Wood of Philips
- lots of 8051 code and programming tools from their BBS
ftp.mcc.ac.uk
- this is a new 8051 ftp site
- soon to be improved
ftp.bsl.unsw.edu.au
- new 8051 ftp site
- accepting uploads
info@circellar.com - Email (not ftp)

- send Email to get information file on services available
- all Circuit Cellar INK and BYTE related files available
ftp.ee.ualberta.ca
/pub/cookbook/digital
- circuits of all types
- prog51.zip is a programmer for the ATMEL 89C51 flash part
by Werner Terreblanche
ftp.luth.se
/pub/languages/assembler
asterix.inescn.pt - FORTH archive

/pub/forth/8051
hpcsos.col.hp.com
/mirrors/.hpib0/forth/8051 (mirror of asterix Forth archive)
/misc/ns32k/beowulf/a-8051
/mirrors/.hpib0/forth/eForth
ftp.armory.com (Steve Walz)

/pub/user/rstevew/8051
/pub/user/rstevew/TB8051
/pub/user/rstevew/incoming
ftp.oak.oakland.edu
- has information and software for a wide range of
microprocessors and microcontrollers, you may have to look
around a bit
130.123.96.9
giovanni/51forth.zip
ai.uga.edu
/pub/hardware
- stuff on the Philips 87C750/1/2 microcontrollers
- assembler, an update for the software in the DS-750 kit,
notebook of some early experiences and code
- responses welcome, Michael A. Covington (mcovingt@ai.uga.edu)
ftp.hte.com
- HiTech Equipment Corporation's ftp site
- information about their products including some sample code,
a free 8051 simulator, and various things from around the net
that relate to the 8051 family
csd4.csd.uwm.edu - no longer supports 8051, don't even try
3.2) Web pages
8051 board level products

- http://bailey2.unibase.com/local/beck04.html
8051 Microcontrollers
- http://www.cit.ac.nz/smac/cbt/hwsys/i8051/default.htm
AM Research Web Site

- http://www.amresearch.com/
- Forth development systems and boards.
Automation and Process Control (Olaf Pfeiffer)

- http://www.ba-karlsruhe.de/automation/home.html
- http://www.ba-karlsruhe.de/automation/FAQ
Archimedes Software
- http://www.archimedes.com/devtools
Brian Brown's 8051 web page

- http://www.cit.ac.nz/smac/cbt/hwsys/i8051/default.htm
- contains Brian Brown's 8051 course
- lots of other good stuff
Cera/EG3 Electronic Engineers' Toolbox (home page)

- http://www.eg3.com/ebox.htm
- http://www.cera2.com/ebox.htm
Cera/EG3 MCU/MPU resources
- http://www.cera2.com/micro.htm
Cera/EG3 Navi-GATOR (embedded development tools and chip-specific)
- http://www.cera2.com/gator.htm
Chip Directory and Chip Manufacturers (Jaap van Ganswijk)

- http://www.hitex.com/chipdir (USA, California)
- http://www.civil.mtu.edu/chipdir (USA, Michigan)
- http://www.leg.ufrj.br/chipdir (Brasil)
- http://www.xs4all.nl/~ganswijk/chipdir (The Netherlands)
- http://bbs.cc.uniud.it/chipdir (Italy)
Chipmaker web page

- http://www.scruznet.com/~gcreager/hello5.htm
- contains over 200 URLs of chipmakers
Chris Burkey's (KB8ZLI) web page

- plans for a cheap (about $10) and simple (4 chips) ROM emulator
- ftp://ieee.cas.uc.edu/pub/electronics/software/burkey/
Circuit Cellar Ink

- http://www.circellar.com
Dallas Semiconductor
- http://www.dalsemi.com
Gernsback Web page (Electronics Now, Popular Electronics)

- http://www.gernsback.com
- current issue information, recent article related files, FTP
site, subscription information
Emulation Technology
- http://www.emulation.com
FIG (Forth Interest Group) web site

- http://www.forth.org/fig.html
- http://www.forth.org/Forth/FAQ
Forth, Inc.
- http://www.earthlink.net/~forth
- follow the links to chipFORTH, then to 8051
French Forth web site

- http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/mp7
maintained by Marc Petremann:
17, allee de la Noiseraie
F - 93160 NOISY LE GRAND
Email: 100647.3306@compuserve.com
- http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/bioforth
maintained by Gerard SOULA
Gregory Pugh's homepage

- http://sleepy.anest.ufl.edu/~glp/8051.html
Hi-Tech Software
- http://www.hitech.com.au
- demo C compiler available (limits - 1K size, no library source)
Intel MCS(R) 51 Microcontroller Family

- http://www.intel.com/embedded/051/index.html
- http://www.intel.com/design/usb/ (information on USB)
S. Joel Katz's web page

- http://www.panix.com/stimpson/micro.html
- information about 8051 and related microcontrollers
- not much information yet, but it is increasing rapidly
Ken Tindell's CAN web pag

- http://www.nrtt.demon.co.uk/can.html
- Source code to drive the Intel 82527 CAN controller is
available: just send e-mail to info@nrtt.demon.co.uk, with
"Request Intel 82527 drivers" (without the quotes) in the
subject line.
Lakeview Research (Jan Axelson)

- http://www.lvr.com/
- microcontroller page (resources for 8052-Basic projects):
http://www.lvr.com/microc.htm
Mike Miller's 8051 Home Page

- http://www.ece.orst.edu/serv/8051/
- pointers to other 8051 pages
- contains html copy of this FAQ
Nohau Elektronik AB
- http://www.nohau.com/nohau
Packet Radio web page

- http://www.tu-bs.de/studenten/akafunk/pr8051
- Contains some schematics and code to do packet radio (AX.25)
experiments with different types of MCS51 controllers. Packet
radio is used by ham radio amateurs to exchange data. There is
an almost worldwide net of PR stations.
- The programs were written by August Gihr and they are only
available on the packet radio net or this web page.
Paul's 8051 Tools, Projects and Free Code

- http://www.ece.orst.edu/~paul/8051-goodies/goodies-index.html
- page contents: AS31 Assembler
PAULMON 8051 Family Monitor/Debugger
Low-Cost 8051 Development Board Designs
8051 Code Library
Atmel 89C2051 in-circuit programmer
Philips
- http://www.semiconductors.philips.com/ps/philips17.html
The Polis research project web page

- http://www-cad.eecs.berkeley.edu/Respep/Research/hsc/abstract.html
Pseudocorp
- http://www.teleport.com/~rhowden
- New Site - products and pricing
Richard Grant's 8051 Based Vario

- http://cougar.stanford.edu:7878/RGvario/vario.html
- Hang-Gliding/Paragliding WWW server. The application is an
8751 based variometer (used by pilots to indicate the rate of
ascent or descent). It includes schematics and assembly
language source.
Silicon Studio's web site
- http://sistudio.com
- plans for a simple, REALLY simple (2 transistors and 5
resistors), 2051 programmer, called the BlowIT 2051
Standard Microsystems Corporation

- http://www.smc.com
Steve Merrifield's 8051 home page

- http://www.ee.latrobe.edu.au/postgrad/steve/8051.html
Systronix web site

- http://www.systronix.com
Thomas Wedemeyer's SAB80C535 web page

- http://www.zfn.uni-bremen.de/~g16i/
- SAB80C535 based board design
- English and German
USB web page

- http://www.usb.org/
Xicor's web page

- http://www.xicor.com/
- 8051 code - http://www.xicor.com/xicor/menulink/link42.htm
- 8051 microperipherals -
http://www.xicor.com/xicor/menulink/link6.htm
3.3) Mailing lists
Philips-News@InetBSystems.us.com - Email (not ftp)

- send Email with "subscribe" in the subject field to be put
on list for newsletter
Philips-archive@InetBSystems.us.com - Email (not ftp)
- send Email message with the word "help" in the subject line to
learn how to access the archive
Philips-forum-request@InetBSystems.us.com - Email (not ftp)
- send an Email message with the word "subscribe" in the subject
line to participate in the forum, and receive usage
instructions and guidelines
Philips-Info@InetBSystems.us.com - Email (not ftp)
- send Email message to get information on all of Philips Email
services
3.4) BBSs
The following BBSs have 8051 information:
Blue Earth Research

- support for their line of microcontroller boards
- (507)387-4007
Circuit Cellar, Inc.

- contains code from their magazine articles and from the
original Circuit Cellar articles in Byte magazine, also
contains many other interesting items
- GOOD STUFF HERE!
- The BBS is mentioned in the masthead of each issue (on the
table of contents page). Excerpts from the BBS appear in Ken
Davidson's ConnecTime column in every issue with a description
of how to access the system at the end of every column.
- (203)871-1988
- Voice: (203)875-2751
- Fax: (203)872-2204
The Computer Journal - TCJ/DIBs BBS

- 8051 code and assembler(s), lots of sample code
- Forth section also with Camel51
- 916-722-5799
- Support for their line of innovative products
Dunfield Development Systems

- support for their Micro-C compiler and development tools
- includes a lot of nice goodies - CHECK THIS OUT!
- (613) 256-6289
Electronics Now
- contains code from their magazine articles
- (516)293-2283
- 1200/2400, 8N1
Intel American Marketing Applications Support Bulletin Board System

- 16 lines, hi-speed modems (14.4K)
- Lots of useful info and files (including design examples)!
- Full ANSI-BBS with color is recommended, but support for just
about all terminal types is provided
- (916)356-3600 (24 hours)
Auto config: 1200 thru 14.4K Baud
8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop
Hi-Tech Software
- +61 7 3300 5235 (Australia)
Iota Systems, Inc.

- Support for their line of hardware and software products
- 15 application notes which show how to hook up such things as
clocks, A/D, D/A, and special chips to the 8051
- (702)831-4732
Jens Holm's electronics BBS:

- one of a number of BBSs that are networked over most of the
industrial part of Europe
- +45-86-510356 (Denmark)
- distributes all shareware and freeware software which
relates to electronics
- system administrator - Jens Holm
jholm@bjarke.nrg.dtu.dk or Jens.holm@asgaard.dk
Massilia Underground BBS (Marseille, France)

- +33-91794120
- fidonet 2:323/25
- not a commercial BBS
- microcontroller related stuff (assemblers, debuggers,
boards, etc), some 8051 stuff
- everything coming in is tested
Micro Computer Control Corporation

- (609)466-4117
Philips Semiconductor - Europe

- support for: standard logic, programmable logic,
in-car electronics (now open), 8 and 16 bit microcontrollers,
I2C software, third party software, discrete semiconductors,
cross assemblers (general), RF (planned)
- PHIBBS is located in the Netherlands: +31-40-721102
- maximum 21600 baud / V42bis / HST/Vterbo
- 24 hours a day available
- Help desk: +31-40-722749 (9.00 AM - 16.00 PM CET)
Philips Semiconductor - North America

- support for their 8051 variants
- contains many good source code items
- partially mirrored on ftp.pppl.gov and nic.funet.fi
- (800)451-6644 or (408)991-2406
PseudoCorp
- support for their line of simulators and assemblers
- (804)873-4838
Realtime Control & Forth Board (RCFB)

- Forth and assembly for the 8051
- 300 through 14.4 baud
- (303)278-0364 (24 hours)
Systronix Inc.
- support for their line of development tools
- (801)487-2778
3.5) Help available!
Listed here are individuals who have expressed interest in helping

others with hardware and software problems for 8051 systems.
Does any one else out there think that they can help? Just let me
know what your areas of specialization are and I'll add your name to
the list. Thanks!
Dick Barnett <rbarnett@purdue.edu>

voice: 765-494-7497
snail: Richard H. Barnett, PE, Ph.D.
Professor of Electrical Engineering Technology
Purdue University
1415 Knoy Hall of Technology
West Lafayette, IN 47907-1415
Specializes in 8051 (core processors), 80C552, and 87C751
applications.
Mark Hopkins <mark@omnifest.uwm.edu>

Mark is the author of the CAS assembler and of the 8051.ZIP
programs. He's now working on JOLT, a code generator with a
C-like syntax. His areas of specialization include:
multitasking, interrupts, basic stuff (like addressing, memory
spaces), the 8052 BASIC chip, interfacing the chip with external
inputs and outputs
Hans Schou <chlor@schou.dk>

Hans is offering his assistance to users of the Standard
Microsystems Corp. COM20051. He's not an expert, but he has some
experience with it.
Neville Miles <nevm@scitec.com.au or nmes@ozemail.com.au>

Applications and programming the Intel 8051. He's also using
Atmel parts if you need help with these.
Steve <paxit@inetnebr.com>
Steve has designed hardware and written software for the Atmel
AT89C1051, Intel 87C52, and Philips 87C751, and has also built a
programmer for the Atmel AT89C1051. He knows both hardware and
software.
4) 8051 PRODUCTS
This section includes descriptions and references to free and

commercial software for the 8051. FTP sites and BBSs contain many
quality packages and code samples for free. For heavy duty use, you
might prefer the many commercial packages that are available. With
the public domain (or free) stuff, you're usually on your own. The
commercial packages usually provide extensive documentation and
support.
4.1) Free languages and development tools
The following is a list of the languages and development tools that I

could find on the net. Nearly all of them include source code,
however not all are public domain.
Assembler
Program: asem5112.zip
Description: 8051 cross assembler for MS-DOS, freeware
Author: W.W. Heinz
Location: ftp.ix.de : /pub/elrad/023
oak.oakland.edu : /SimTel/msdos/crossasm
garbo.uwasa.fi : /pc/assembler
Program: ML-ASM51.ZIP
Description: MetaLink's 8051 family macro assembler
Location: ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/signetics-bbs
ftp.funet.fi : /pub/microprocs/MCS-51/signetics-bbs
http://www.psyber.com/~tcj/tcjtools/ml-asm51.zip
Program: A51.ZIP
Description: PseudoSam 8051 Cross Assembler
Program: AS31.ZIP
Description: C source for an 8051 assembler, and a simple monitor
Author: Ken Stauffer
ftp.uu.net
oak.oakland.edu : /pub/msdos/crossasm/as31.zip
many other locations (use Archie to find)
Program: CUG292WK.ZIP
Description: C source for a cross assembler, includes 8051
Author: Alan R. Baldwin
Location: oak.oakland.edu : /pub/msdos/crossasm
pc.usl.edu : /pub/msdos/systools
Program: Frankenstein
Description: C source for a cross assembler, includes 8051
Author: Mark Zenier
Location: ftp.njit.edu : /pub/msdos/frankasm/FRANKASM.ZOO
lth.se : /pub/netnews/alt.sources/volume90/dec
ftp.uni-kl.de : /pub1/unix/languages/frankenstein.tar.Z
Program: CAS 8051 assembler

Description: Experimental one-pass assembler for the 8051
with C-like syntax. Includes assembler, linker
and disassembler.
Author: Mark Hopkins
Location: ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/assem
ftp.funet.fi : /pub/microprocs/MCS-51/csd4-archive/assem
Program: a51
Description: Portable cross assembler (source in C), other
processors available
Author: William C. Colley, III
Location: hpcsos.col.hp.com : /misc/ns32k/beowulf/a-8051
Program: TASM
Description: Table driven cross-assembler for DOS, supports
many different microcontrollers and microprocessors
Author: Speech Technology Inc.
Location: various different places
Program: HASM, HSIM

Description: A configurable Makroassembler/Simulator
Comment: Only for private, educational, and evaluation use
Only available in German
Author: Dipl.- Ing. H.P. Hohe
Location: ftp.ix.de:pub/elrad/022/hasm18.zip
ftp.ix.de:pub/elrad/022/hasm18.txt
and mirrors of ftp.ix.de
Program: as
Description: Portable cross assembler for (8051, TMS, PIC,
DSP5600, 68hc11).
Comments: Original version in German only. Turbo Pascal source
available for free. Unix version comes in source
form and is compilable in German or English.
Author: Alfred Arnold
Location: ftp.uni-stuttgart.de : /pub/systems/msdos/programming/as
(original version in Turbo Pascal)
sunsite.unc.edu:
/pub/Linux/devel/lang/assemblers/asl-1.41r5.tar.gz
(new C version for Unix systems)
Basic
Program: BASIC52.ZIP (BASIC-52.ZIP)

Description: Source files for original BASIC 52 interpreter
Author: Intel Corporation, Embedded Controller Operations
Location: ftp.intel.com : /pub/mcs51
ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/signetics-bbs
Program: BAS051.ZIP
Description: Converts IBM BASIC to 8051 assembly (compiler)
Author: Winefred Washington
ftp.funet.fi : /pub/8051/signetics-bbs
Program: BASIC31.ZIP
Description: BASIC-52 interpreter for 8031/8051 in external EPROM
Author: Intel w/ changes by Dan Karmann
Program: TB-51.ZIP
Description: TinyBASIC for 8031
Author: JHW (from Intel InSite library) w/ fixes by Tom Schotland
Program: TB51ML23.ZIP
Description: MetaLink ASM compatible tiny BASIC
Author: adapted for MetaLink assembler by Jim Lum
Forth
Program: EFORTH51.ZIP
Description: eFORTH environment for the 8051
Author: C. H. Ting
asterix.inescn.pt : /pub/forth/8051
hpcsos.col.hp.com : /mirrors/.hpib0/forth/eForth
Program: FORTH51.ZIP (FORTH86.ZIP used as host)

Description: FORTH development system for 8051 with PC host
Author: William H. Payne, the author of "Embedded Controller
Forth for the 8051 Family"
asterix.inescn.pt : /pub/forth/8051
hpcsos.col.hp.com : /mirrors/.hpib0/forth/8051
Program: XD8051.ZIP
Description: Development environment for use with F-PC Forth
Author: Paulo A.D. Ferreira
Program: 51FORTH.ZIP
Description: Subroutine threaded Forth
Author: Scott Gehmlich
Location: hpcsos.col.hp.com : /mirrors/.hpib0/forth/8051
130.123.96.9 : /giovanni/51forth.zip
Program: FORTH552.ZIP
Description: A Non-Standard Forth System for the Signetics 80C552
Author: Alberto Pasquale
Location: asterix.inescn.pt : /pub/forth/8051
hpcsos.col.hp.com : /mirrors/.hpib0/forth/8051
Program: CamelForth/51
Description: ANSI Standard Forth for the 8051 family
Author: Brad Rodriquez
email: bj@headwaters.com
amateur packet radio: VE3RHJ@VE3IJD.#CON.ON.CAN.NA
Location: ftp://ftp.taygeta.com/pub/Forth/Camel/
Program: 8051 eForth

Description: Public Domain optimized eForth for 8051 and 68HC11,
written in native UCASM assemblers.
Comments: Most of the documentation is in German. Supplied with
EFTERM terminal emulator.
Author: W. Schemmer
Location: Available for $25 from:
Offete Enterprises, 1306 South B Street
San Mateo CA 94402
(415)574-8250
Development systems
Program: 8051.zip
Description: Many development tools including: debugger, monitor,
LCD and stepper moter driver, communications, host
client, and much more. This is a great collection of
tools.
Author: Mark Hopkins
ftp.funet.fi : /pub/microprocs/MCS-51/csd4-archive
Program: RISM and IECM51.EXE compatible host system

Description: RISM is a reduced instruction set monitor and
IECM51.EXE is its compatible host system for a PC
Comments: These two programs together constitute a bare-bones
method of developing 80C51 system code without an
emulator. RISM51X is installed in the target system
and connected to a host PC system through a serial port.
The host PC runs the debugger IECM51.EXE. Once the
system has been debugged, RISM can be removed and the
target can be run in stand-alone mode.
Author: Intel
Location: ftp.intel.com : /pub/mcs51/tools
Program: ApBUILDER 2.0

Description: Development system for the Intel MCS-51(R) family
(also for the MCS-96(R) family, 80x186, and 80x386
embedded microcontrollers).
Comments: Requires Windows 3.1
APBUILDR.TXT - description in ASCII
APBDISK1.EXE - binary self-extracting file for disk 1
APBDISK2.EXE - binary self-extracting file for disk 2
Author: Intel
Location: ftp.intel.com : /pub/mcs51 and /pub/mcs96
Program: FXDSMAN.EXE
Description: 8xC51Fx data sheets and manual in Windows 3.1
hypertext style
Comments: binary self-extracting file for one diskette
Author: Intel
Location: ftp.intel.com : /pub/mcs51/80c51
Program: sim51d
Description: Shareware Simulator in German
DM 50 to register for full version
Author: Werner Hennig-Roleff
Location: ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/hannover
Program: PDS51.ZIP or EXE or

PDSxxx.ZIP where xxx represents the version number
Description: This is the IDE for the Philips PDS51 system. It
contains a simulation engine and can therefore be run
in a standalone mode. Great for evaluating the PDS51
product or just as a full environment simulator.
Location: Philips North America BBS (800)451-6644, (408)991-2406
http://www.he.net/~adr
CompuServe:
Software Development Forum, Embedded Systems Section
(GO CLMFOR)
PC Programming Forum, Tools/Debuggers forum
(GO PCPROG)
Program: NoICE
Description: PC-hosted debugger (NOT a simulator) for use with a
variety of microprocessor targets (Z80/Z180, Z8,
8051, 80(1)96, 6809, 68HC11, 65(C)02, M50740/M38000,
TMS370, and H8/300). The debugger consists of a
target-specific DOS program, NOICExxx.EXE, and a
target-resident monitor program (about 1K code).
Comments: Shareware. The distributed version is fully functional.
Registration is $25 in the US, $30 elsewhere.
Author: John Hartman <102203.1513@compuserve.com>
Location: any Simtel archive/mirror
or
CompuServe:
GO SDFORUM, library section 12, embedded systems
GO IBMFF, do keyword search for "NoICE"
or
The Circuit Cellar BBS at 860-871-1988
Program: sim552vq.zip
Description: 8051/80C552 simulator (Freeware)
Comments: Program is capable of reading .HEX and .S19 records, or
saving memory to a file. It supports both code and
data. Written in Turbo Pascal for XT and upwards.
Author: Brian Brown
Location: cscnt.cit.ac.nz : /pub/intel/sim552v1.zip
Program: HASM, HSIM

Description: A configurable Makroassembler/Simulator
Comments: Only available in German
Author: Dipl.- Ing. H.P. Hohe
Copyright: Only private , Education and evalutation use
Location: ftp.ix.de:pub/elrad/022/hasm18.zip
ftp.ix.de:pub/elrad/022/hasm18.txt
and mirrors of ftp.ix.de
Program: Emily52
Description: simulator
Comments: Shareware.
Author: Dunfield Development Systems
Location: any Simtel archive/mirror
Program: BlowIT
Description: Atmel 2051 programer
Comments: Freeware
Author: Silicon Studio
Location: http://sistudio.com/
Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS)
Program: TERSE
Description: - Signature-Scheduled dataflow operating system
(RTOS) developed for embedded single-processor and
distributed microcontroller systems. Easy to use,
very compact, and encourages totally deterministic
and safe performance.
- The first implementation is for the 8051 family,
and occupies from 260 to 450 bytes, the latter
offering network support.
- public domain
Comments: Also available is a new type of "terse-Case" development
methodology, particularly suited to embedded distributed
systems.
Author: Barry Kauler
Department of C & C Engineering
Edith Cowan University, Joondalup Drive
Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
Email: b.kauler@cowan.edu.au
Location: WWW - ftp://scorpion.cowan.edu.au/pub/terse/
4.2) Free C compilers
There is finally a free C compiler for the 8051. The Retargetable

Concurrent Small C (RCSC) compiler is featured in an article in the
August 1997 Dr. Dobbs. RCSC is downloadable from Dr. Dobb's at:
http://www.ddj.com
ftp://ftp.mv.com/pub/
Several commercial C compilers have evaluation versions available.

These are not too useful (even for hobbyist projects) since they
usually don't include libraries. However, they do afford the user
the chance to inspect the quality of the code generated.
In most cases, it makes more sense to invest a bit, and get something
serious. Also, by buying a commercial package, you have the
advantage of having the documentation, and being able to get
technical support. As Hershel Roberson says about the Dunfield
package, "It is certainly worth the money. It is probably 3/4 as good
as compilers that cost 10 times as much!"
There are three low-cost C compilers currently available for 8051

development:

I've been using the Dunfield Development System, and its really quite
nice. I've also heard many good things about it from others. For
$100 you get a near ANSI-C compiler, run-time library with source,
assembler, ROM debugger, integrated development environment, monitor
with source, utilities, and other extras. A high quality simulator
for only $50 is also available separately. The simulator has an
option allowing you to interface to your target by using an on-chip
monitor. Although not freeware, the low price, the features, all of
the extra goodies, and the good reviews make this a package worth
looking at. Also, if you're interested in working on more than one
family of microcontroller, Dunfield supports a wide range. This
means only needing to learn one system, instead of many.

P.O. Box 31044, Nepean, Ontario Canada K2B 8S8
(613)256-5820 Fax: (613)256-5821
BBS: (613)256-6289
Web: http://www.dunfield.com
Email: General information: info@dunfield.com
Sales inquiries/Administration: sales@dunfield.com
Technical inquiries/Support tech@dunfield.com
Another low priced ($100) C compiler comes from Micro Computer

Control. This package was unavailable for review, but according to
the manufacturer, it features: Cross compilers running under DOS are
available for the 8051 and the Z8 (including Super-8). This package
includes a C compiler, assembler, linker, librarian, and extensive
printed documentation. A simulator/source code debugger is available
for an additional $79.95. The simulator is completely configurable,
so much so that you don't even need the target hardware to test with.
You can configure all I/O and other features of your target chip or
environment.

PO Box 275, 17 Model Ave., Hopewell, NJ 08525
(609)466-1751 Fax: (609)466-4116 BBS: (609)466-4117
SPJ Systems
C-31 is a new cross compiler from SPJ Systems. The full package
which costs $150 (USD) includes a C compiler (ANSI compatible
subset), assembler, source linker, and simulator (source code
debugger). Compiler features include: support for floating point
numbers, extensive collection of library routines, support for using
Special Function Registers (SFR), assembly language interface,
peripheral keyword (allows specifying an address of a standard
peripheral).
The simulator allows source level debugging. A few memory mapped

hardware peripherals are simulated including an LCD display, 8279
keyboard processor, and an 8255 parallel port. (SPJ also has a plain
simulator available as a separate product for assembly/machine code
debugging.)
A working demo of the compiler package, which includes the library

sources and permits the compilation of small programs, is available
from their web site. This is a new package with a few rough edges,
but it easy to use, has a decent price, and has good potential.
Check out the demo on their web site and see for yourselves.
SPJ Systems
114, Chitrashala Bldg.
562, Sadashiv Peth
Pune, India
Phone: 91-212-451607 Fax: 91-212-480285
4.3) Commercially available products
Many firms (large and small) offer a variety of 8051 microcontroller

variants, programming languages, support packages, and development
systems.
No endorsement is implied by inclusion in this list. I apologize to

anyone I left out; It's only because I didn't know about you. If
you want to be included in this list, just drop me a line - please.
Any corrections and additions appreciated.
C compilers ($$$ - high, $$ - medium, $ - low priced)

- 2500 A.D.
- Archimedes Software $$$ & $$
same as Keil Electronics C
Archimedes is introducing StartRight, a low cost 8051 C
compiler for $700
- Avocet Systems $$
repackaging of the Hi-Tech Software C compiler
- BSO/Tasking $$
- Crossware Products
- Dunfield Development Systems $
Complete C compiler development system for MS-DOS
includes: compiler, run-time library with source, assembler,
ROM debugger, integrated development environment, monitor
with source, utilities, and other extras
low price: $100
good reputation and good support
works well with the Dallas DS5000/DS2250
- Franklin Software $$ ? (new prices)
now marketing their own C compiler
includes: PC-Lint and an IDE
- IAR Systems
IAR tool kit comes with a C-Cross compiler, assembler,
Xlink linker, Xlib librarian, C-SPY simulator, editor,
make utility and a real-time kernel
formerly licensed for distribution in the US and Canada
under the Archimedes brand name
- Hi-Tech Software $$
assembler, C compiler, linker, library, serial port
debugger, and Windows style integrated development
environment
ANSI C and IEEE 32 float compatable with some very useful
extensions
$900US
- Intermetrics Microsystems Software, Inc.
Whitesmith's compiler, assembler, and C source level
debugger
- Keil Electronics $$$
compiler, assembler, debugger, real-time kernel, ROM
monitor, libraries for special 8051's to set SFR,
embedded I/O devices, A/D, etc.
- Mandeno Granville Electronics, Ltd
SYS51C - ANSI C Cross Compiler
- Micro Computer Control $
Developer's kit includes "C"-like compiler, assembler,
linker, librarian, extensive printed documentation
low cost ($99.95)
- Okapi Systems
- Production Languages Corporation
DOS- and Windows- based compilers
Integrated development environment includes ANSI C compiler,
assembler, linker, librarian, debugger
- Signum Systems
- SPJ Systems $
low cost ($150.00)
Basic interpreters/compilers
- Binary Technology, Inc.
- Iota Systems, Inc.
Basic-752 interpreter (simulator also available)
Basic-52 Plus interpreter
- MDL Labs
BASIKIT--Integrated Programming Environment for BASIC-52,
and for MDL-BASIC-I, MDL-BASIC-P, and MDL-BASIC-D.
BASIKIT includes a full-screen editor and permits writing
programs with labels rather than line numbers.
MDL-BASIC-I and MDL-BASIC-P are supersets of the original
BASIC-52, for the Intel 8052 and the Philips PCB83C552.
MDL-BASIC-D is a BASIC for the Dallas 87C530 which accesses
all the features of the chip, including both serial
ports, the Watchdog, and the power-saving features. The
BASIC will address up to 512K of memory and will collect
data into that memory via serial port interrupts. It runs
faster at 25 MHz than compiled code on the 8052.
- Micro Future
Basic-52 development system
- Systronix Inc. (Basic compiler)
Pascal
PASCAL51 - Advanced Turbo PASCAL compliant cross compiler
- Scientific Engineering Labs
Modula-2
Mod51 - optimizing Modula-2 Compiler, smallest program is 14
bytes, ideal for both very tight/fast projects and very
large ones with multiple modules, produces smaller/tighter
code than C, has extensive libraries and working examples
- Vail Silicon Tools, Inc.
PL/M
- BSO/Tasking
Board level products

- Ackerman Computers Sciences (ACS)
- AM Research
complete FORTH based system with PC based host system
- Binary Technology, Inc.
- Blue Earth Research
- Blue Ridge Micros (8031 and 8052-BASIC based boards)
- CG Microsystems
MCU system based on the DS80C320
piles of features including 2 ISA slots
about $90 for the basic system
- Circuit Cellar Inc.
- DataCraft International
- Dunfield Development Systems
- EE Systems
- Forth, Inc.
- HiTech Equipment Corp.
- Iota Systems, Inc. (line of development packages, boards,
peripherals, and components)
- J & M Microtek, Inc.
- L.S. Electronic Systems Design
- New Micros
8051 based NMIY0031 SBC
$39 + shipping you
includes: SBC with 8051 (Siemens SAB8051, can be
substituted), 8K RAM, EPROM with a burnt-in monitor which
supports downloading hex files into the RAM and executing
them
the board can accept 3 memory chips (each one up to
32K), one of which is for program, one for data and the
third can be configured as wanted
it has a 4x5 matrix keyboard interface, LCD interface,
RS232 and support for RS422/485 (need to add the chips)
prototyping area of about 3.5 x 2 inches
on floppy you get: User manual for the board in Word
and plain text formats with many programming examples in
all supplied languages (about 150 pages), A51 assembler,
Small C compiler, hex file for the MCS-52 Basic
interpreter EPROM with MCS-52 manual, hex file for
MAX-FORTH interpreter EPROM with documentation, hex file
for the supplied monitor and documentation, and a
terminal program
- Parallax, Inc.
- Prologic Designs
- Rigel Corporation
- Software Science
nice boards with prototyping area
- Suncoast Technologies
- URDA, Inc.
Assemblers
- 2500 A.D.
- Archimedes Software
same as Keil Electronics
Archimedes is introducing StartRight, a low cost 8051
assembler for $200
- BSO/Tasking
- Crossware Products
- Custom Computer Consultants
- Cybernetics Microsystems
Supports both Intel and Motorola style syntax
- Emulation Technology, Inc.
- Intel Corporation
- Keil Electronics
- Lear Com Company
- Metalink
- Micro Computer Control
- Microtek Research
- Nohau Corporation
- Okapi Systems
- Onset Computer Corporation (8051 Assember for MAC)
- Parallax, Inc.
- PseudoCorp
- Raven Computer Systems
- Signum Systems
- Speech Technology Inc.
TASM (table driven cross assembler supports many different
microcontrollers and microprocessors)
- Universal Cross Assemblers
CROSS32 supports 40-50 different processors
Forth
- AM Research
Development system, features kernel of less than 700 bytes
- Forth, Inc.
A cross-development product for the 8051 family
which includes a board and extensive documentation.
- Forth Systeme
- MPE: MicroProcessor Engineering Ltd.
A cross-development system for the 8051 family
extensive documentation
interactive single chip development, multitasking,
bank switching for more than 64k code
- Offete Enterprises
8051 eForth (C. H. Ting -- $25.00). "A small ROM based
Forth system ... Source code is in MASM IBM 5.25 disk
with 8051 eForth Implementation Note."
ROM Monitor-based Debuggers

- ChipTools (ChipView-51 looks like turbo debugger)
Can be used with DS5000 for single-chip in-circuit
emulation
Simulators
- 2500 A.D.
- Avocet Systems
- ChipTools
on a 33 MHz 486 matches the speed of a 12 MHz 8051
- Crossware (simulator running under Windows)
- Cybernetic Micro Systems
Low cost $50.00
500,000+ instructions/second on 486/33
Can interface to target system for physical I/O
Includes PC hosted "on chip" debugger with identical user
interface
- Hitex
- J & M Microtek, Inc.
- Keil Electronics
- Lear Com Company
- Micro Computer Control Corporation
Simulator/source code debugger ($79.95)
- Microtek Research
- Production Languages Corp.
- PseudoCorp
Emulators ($$$ - high, $$ - medium, $ - low priced)

<Thanks to Alistair George for this bit of important advice...
Potential customers of emulators should check to make sure that the
emulator supports the required external hardware (ports,
interrupts, etc) before they buy - its probably the most
important spec, but one easily missed. Some emulators only offer
very minimal support, which sometimes hardly makes it worthwhile to
bother.>
- Advanced Micro Solutions $$
- Advanced Microcomputer Systems, Inc. $
- Applied Digital Research Ltd. $$
- American Automation $$$ $$
- Applied Microsystems $$
- ChipTools (front end for Nohau's emulator)
- Cybernetic Micro Systems $
- Dunfield Development Systems $
plans for pseudo-ice using Dallas DS5000/DS2250
used together with their resident monitor and host debugger
- Emulation Technology, Inc. $$
OpenEmulator in-circuit emulators adaptable for over a
hundred microcontrollers/microprocessors
- HBI Limited $
- Hewlett-Packard $$$
- Hitex $$
- Huntsville Microsystems $$
- Intel Corporation $$$
- Kontron Electronics $$$
- Lauterbach Datentechnik GmbH
8051 In-Circuit Emulators based on a universal high-
performance emulation system called TRACE32.
full line covering everything from the Atmel flash to the
Siemens powerhouse 80c517a
- MetaLink Corporation $$ $
- Nohau Corporation $$
- Orion Instruments $$$
- Philips $$ $
DS-750 pseudo-ICE developed by Philips and CEIBO
real-time emulation and simulator debug mode
source-level debugging for C, PL/M, and assembler
programs 8xC75x parts
low cost - only $100 from Philips ($250 from CEIBO)
DOS and Windows versions available
PDS51 board level In-Circuit Emulation system
no stolen resources
Daughter boards support wide range of Philips derivatives
approximately $US1000 to $US1200 depending on daughter
board
- Signum Systems $$
- Sophia Systems $$$
- Zax Corporation
- Zitek Corporation $$$
Real-time
- Byte-BOS Integrated Systems
small, prioritized, preemptive real-time kernel
- Embedded System Products (formerly A.T. Barrett and Associates)
ROMable embedded-system kernel: source provided. Provides
programming interface identical on all target platforms.
Basic, advanced, and extended library packages available.
- Intellimap Engineering
DCE51 real time operating system
- JMI Software Systems, Inc.
small, prioritized, preemptive real-time kernel
- StarCom
CRTX, embedded real-time micro kernel primarily intended for
embedded 8-bit applications using 8051, 68HC11, 80188 etc.
Simple, low cost, and includes ANSI C source for
portability.
- U S Software
SuperTask! - multitasking executive
Trainers
- Advanced Educational Systems (AES)
complete learning system (board, LCD, keypad, A/D, D/A, etc)
- Sun Equipment Corp.
trainers
Miscellaneous
- Creative Applications Engineering, Inc
CheepTools (integrated environment)
- Dallas Semiconductor
evaluation/development kit for their DS5000 (very nice)
- Data Sync Engineering (disassembler)
- Datarescue
IDA - an interactive, multi-os disassembler supporting:
OS/2, Win95, Win NT, Win, NLMs and more. Unlike other
disassemblers, IDA works with you, allowing you to modify
the disassembled code "on the fly". It supports many
processors, various input file formats, and can produce
various output files etc. IDA has a built-in C-like
language and sports a TVision user interface.
- Educational Laboratories
development courses:
8051 Microcontroller Based Computer Design
Programming 8051 Based Computers
each course $19.95, both $29.95
- Electronic Product Design, Inc.
development system (integrated package with assembler,
project manager, text editor, programmer)
- Exor Inc. (ladder logic compiler)
- Feger + Co.
offers a series of German language 8051 related books they
call `MC-Tools' describing the processors and/or projects
for PC-addin boards:
MC-Tools 1 - 80c535 project for DM 119; includes 260 page
book, an empty PCB, and a diskette with assembler,
debugger, PC-Oscilloscope
MC-Tools 4 - same as above but based on 80c537
MC-Tools 3 - Die 8051-Microcontroller Familie vom 8051 zum
80C517A; text book on the 8051 and Siemens derivatives,
360 pages.
MC-Tools 5 - handbook on the 80C517 and 80C517A, 360 pages
integrated environment system
PIC to 8051 conversion program
- Parallax, Inc.
programmers
- Philips
87C51 programmers
LCPx5x - 24 and 28 pin DIL and 68 pin PLCC Philips parts
- 748, 749, 750, 751, 752, 451, 453, 552
LCPx5x40 - 40 pin DIL or 44 pin PLCC Philips parts
Range further expanded by adaptors
Low cost, board level
- Quantasm Corp.
ASMFLOW - produces flowchart and tree diagrams from source
code, register usage analysis, Xref, timing info
- TCG
EPROM emulator
Atmel 2051 programmer
- U S Software
USNET - TCP/IP networking suite
USFiles - file system
GOFAST - floating point library
- Xicor
SLIC2E microperipherals - wires up directly to an 8051 and
needs no glue logic, contains:
- 8K x 8 EEPROM in individual 4K segments
- 2 8-BIT I/O ports
- 16 8-BIT RAM registers
- Integrated Interrupt Controller Module
- Internal programmable address decoding
- code loaded at the factory allowing users to
download programs into EEPROM
Development Support package includes a DATA BOOK, a
SAMPLE of the CHIP (PDIP or PLCC, your choice) and PC
compatible software for downloading and testing your
programs. $15
Development system includes a populated board. $180
2500 A.D. 109 Brookdale Ave., Box 480, Buena Vista, CO 81211
(719)395-8683
Ackerman Computer Sciences (ACS)

4276 Lago Way, Sarasota, FL 34241
(813)377-5775 Fax: (813)378-4226
Advanced Educational Systems (AES)

1407 North Batavia Street, Orange, CA 92677
(800)730-3232 (714)744-0981 Fax: (714)744-2693
Advanced Micro Devices

901 Thompson Place, PO Box 3453
Sunnyvale, CA 94088-3000
(408)732-2400
Advanced Microcomputer Systems, Inc.

1321 NW 65th Place, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33309
(305)975-9515 Fax: (305)975-9698
Advanced Micro Solutions

1033 S Imperial Dr., Hartland, WI 53029
(414)367-3577
American Automation
2651 Dow Avenue, Tustin, CA 92680
(714)731-1661
AM Research 4600 Hidden Oaks Lane, Loomis, CA 95650

(800)949-8051 (916)652-7472 Fax: (916)6642
BBS: (916)652-7117
Email: support@amresearch.com
http://www.amresearch.com
Applied Digital Research Ltd.

P.O. Box 6480, Wellesley St, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND
+64 9 480-8827
Email: rossmcm@adr.co.nz
Compuserve: 100351,716
WWW: http://www.he.net/~adr/
Applied Microsystems
5020 148th Ave. N.E., PO Box 97002
Redmond, WA 98073-9702
Archimedes Software
2159 Union St., San Francisco, CA 94123
(415)567-4010
WWW: http://www.archimedes.com/devtools
Ashling Microsystems Ltd

Ireland Plessey Technological Park
Limerick, Ireland
+353 61 334466 Fax: +353 61 334477
United Kingdom Butler House
19-23 Market Street
Maidenhead, Berkshire, UK
+0628 773070 Fax: 0628 773009
Atmel 2125 O'Nel Drive, San Jose, CA 95131

(800)365-3375 (408)441-0311 Fax: (408)436-4300
Avocet Systems 120 Union St., Rockport, ME 04856

(800)448-8500 (207)236-9055 Fax: (207)236-6713
Binary Technology, Inc.

PO Box 541, Carlisle, MA 01741
(508)369-9556 Fax: (508)369-9549
Blue Earth Research

165 W. Lind Ct., Mankato, MN 56001-0400
(507)387-4001 Fax: (507)387-4008
BBS: (507)387-4007
Blue Ridge Micros

2505 Plymouth Rd., Johnson City, TN 37601
(615)335-6696 Fax: (615)929-3164
BSO/Tasking
International 333 Elm Street, Dedham, MA 02026-4530
(800)458-8276 (617)320-9400 Fax: (617)320-9212
Europe Tasking Software BV
P O Box 899, 3800 AW Amersfoort, Netherlands
+31 33 558584 Fax: +31 33 550033
Business Data Computers
P.O. Box 1549, Chester, CA 96020
Byte-BOS Integrated Systems

P.O. Box 3067, Del Mar, CA 92014
(800)788-7288 (619)755-8836
CG Microsystems
http://home.earthlink.net/~cgmicro/
ChipTools Inc (905)274-6244 Fax: (905)891-2715

Email: chiptool@hookup.net
Web: http://www.chiptools.com/
Circuit Cellar Inc.

4 Park St., Vernon, CT 06066
(203)875-2751 Fax: (203)872-2204
Creative Applications Engineering, Inc

Ed Carryer
(415)494-2363 BBS: (415)494-8463
Crossware Products
St John's Innovation Centre
Cowley Road, Cambridge, CB4 4WS, UK
+44 1223 421263 Fax: +44 1223 421006
Email: sales@crossware.com
Web: http://www.crossware.com
Custom Computer Consultants

1807 Huron River Drive, Ypsilanti, MI 48197
Cybernetic Micro Systems

Box 3000, San Gregorio, CA 94074
(415)726-3000
4401 S. Beltwood Parkway, Dallas, TX 75244-3292
(214)450-0448 Fax: (214)450-3715
International: (214)450-5351
Orders: (800)336-6933
Email: micro.support@dalsemi.com
Web: www.dalsemi.com
DataCraft International
2828 Ione Dr., San Jose, CA 95132
(800)873-3709 (408)259-4866
Data Sync Engineering

40 Trinity St., Newton, NJ 07860
(201)383-1355 Fax: (201)383-9382
Email: sales@datasynceng.com
Web: http://www.datasynceng.com
DataRescue sprl
110 route du Condroz, 4121 Neupre Belgium
Web: http://www.datarescue.com

P.O. Box 31044, Nepean, Ontario Canada K2B 8S8
(613)256-5820 Fax: (613)256-5821
BBS: (613)256-6289
Web: http://www.dunfield.com
Email: General information: info@dunfield.com
Sales inquiries/Administration: sales@dunfield.com
Technical inquiries/Support tech@dunfield.com
Old Email address: ddunfield@bix.com
EE Systems 50935 Hill Dr., Elkhart, IN 46514

(219)296-1754 Fax: (219)522-4271
Electronic Product Design, Inc.

6963 Bluebelle Way, Springfield, OR 97478
(503)741-0778
Embedded System Products (formerly A.T. Barrett and Associates)

11501 Chimney Rock, Houston, TX 77035-2900
(800)525-4302 (713)728-9688 Fax: (713)728-1049
Emulation Technology, Inc.

2344 Walsh Avenue, Bldg. F, Santa Clara, CA 95051
(408)982-0660 Fax: (408)982-0664
Email: et@pmail.emulation.com
WWW: http://www.emulation.com
FTP: ftp.emulation.com
Exor Inc.
4740T Interstate Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45246
(513)874-4665 Fax: (513)874-3684
Feger + Co., Hardware + Software Verlags OHG

Marienstrasse 1, D-83301 Traunreut, Germany
Forth, Inc. 1-800-55FORTH

http://www.earthlink.net/~forth
Forth Systeme P.O. Box 1103, Breisach, Germany

7767-551
Franklin Software
(408)296-8051
HBI Limited
6F, 1 Fleming Road, Hong Kong
852-891-3673 Fax: 852-834-9748
Hewlett-Packard 1501 Page Mill Rd., Palo Alto, CA 94304
HiTech Equipment Corp.

9400 Activity Rd., San Diego, CA 92126
(619)566-1892 Fax: (619)530-1458
Email: info@hte.com ftp: ftp.hte.com
Hi-Tech Software
PO Box 103, Alderly QLD 4051, Australia
(+61-7) 300 5011 Fax: (+61-7) 300 5246
BBS: +61 7 3300 5235
Email: hitech@hitech.com.au
WWW: http://www.hitech.com.au/
Hitex
North America HiTOOLS Inc., 2055 Gateway Place, Suite 400
San Jose, CA 95110
(408) 451 3986 Fax: (408) 441 9486
http://www.hitex.com info@hitex.com
Germany Greschbachstr 12, 76229 Karlsruhe
0721/9628-0 Fax: 0721/9628-149
info@hitex.ti.ba-karlsruhe.de
http://www.ba-karlsruhe.de/BA/firmen/hitex
United Kingdom Sir William Lyons Road, Science Park
Coventry CV4 7EX
+0203 692066 Fax: +0203 692131
Huntsville Microsystems
4040 S. Memorial Parkway, PO Box 12415
Huntsville, AL 35802
IAR Systems Software

North America One Maritime Plaza, Suite 1770
San Fransisco, CA 94111 USA
(415)765-5500 Fax: (415)765-5503
Sweden IAR Systems AB
Box 23051
S-750 23 Uppsala, Sweden
+46 18 16 7800 Fax: +46 18 16 7838
Germany IAR Systems GmbH
Brucknerstrasse 27
D-81677 Munchen, Germany
+49 89 470 6022 Fax: +49 89 470 9565
United Kingdom IAR Systems Ltd
9 Spice Court
Plantation Wharf, York Rd
London SWII 3UE, England
+44 71 924 3334 Fax: +44 71 924 5341
Intel Corporation
3065 Bowers Ave., Santa Clara, CA 95051
Technical Help: (800)628-8686 (USA/Canada only)
5 am to 5 pm PST
Email: james_sampson@ccm.hf.intel.com
Faxback support: (800)628-2283 (USA/Canada)
touch tone phones only
Will only FAX to USA/Canada locations
English or Japanese support is available
BBS: (916)356-3600 24 Hr.
Auto config: 1200 thru 14.4K Baud
Intellimap Engineering
1140 Morrison Dr., Suite 222
Ottawa Ontario Canada K2H 8S9
(613)829-3196 Fax: (613)820-1773
Intermetrics Microsystems Software, Inc.

733 Concord Ave., Cambridge, MA 02138
(617)661-0072 Fax: (617)868-2843
Iota Systems, Inc.

924 Incline Way, Suite N / POB 8987
Incline Village, NV 89452-8987
(702)831-6302 Fax: (702)831-4629
Integrated Silicom Solution

2231 Lawson Lane, Santa Clara, CA 95054
(800)379-4774 Fax: (408)588-0806
J & M Microtek, Inc.

83 Seaman Rd., W Orange, NJ 07052
(201)325-1892 Fax: (201)736-4567
JMI Software Systems, Inc.

P.O. Box 481, 904 Sheble Lane, Spring House, PA 19477
(215)628-0840 Fax: (215)628-0353
KC Automation GmbH (support for Sysoft products)

Alfredo Knecht
CH-6991 Neggio, Switzerland
Fax: ++41-91591149
Email: akne@tinet.ch
Keil Elektronik GmbH

Europe Bretonischer Ring 15
D-85630 Grasbrunn b. Muenchen, Germany
49 89 / 46 50 57 Fax: 49 89 / 46 81 62
North America Keil Software
16990 Dallas Parkway, Suit 120, Dallas, TX 75248
(800)348-8051 (sales and tech support)
(214)735-8052 Fax: (214)735-8055
CompuServe: 71715,1604
BBS: (214)713-9883
Web: http://www.keil.com/
FTP: ftp://ftp.keil.com/
Kontron Electronics
D-8057 Eching/Munich
Oskar von Miller Str. 1, Germany
(0 81 65) 77-0
Lakeview Research (Jan Axelson)

2209 Winnebago St., Madison, WI 53704
(608)241-5824
Email: jaxelson@lvr.com
WWW: http://www.lvr.com/
Lauterbach Datentechnik GmbH

Europe Fichtenstr. 27, D-85649 Hofolding, Germany
++49 (0)8104 8943 31 Fax: ++49 (0)8104 8943 49
Compuserve: 100272,507
Email: sales@lauterbach.com
WWW: http://www.lauterbach.com
USA Lauterbach Inc.
945 Concord Street, Framingham,MA 01701
(508)620-4521 Fax: (508)620-4522
Lear Com Company

2440 Kipling St. Suite 206, Lakewood, CO 80215
(303)232-2226 Fax: (303)232-8721
Logical Systems Corporation (Disassembler, Simulator)

Micro Dialects, Inc.
POB 30014, Cincinnati, OH 45230
(513)271-9100
Logisoft Box 61929, Sunnyvale CA 94086

(408)773-8465 Fax: (408)773-8466
L.S. Electronic Systems Design

2280 Camilla Rd., Mississauga, Ontario
Canada L5A 2J8
(905)277-4893 Fax: (905)277-0047
Lumino B.V
Web: http://www.lumino.nl/lumino/
Mandeno Granville Electronics, Ltd

128 Grange Rd., Auckland 3, New Zealand
+64 9 6300 558 Fax: +64 9 6301 720
Matra Semiconductor
2840-100 San Tomas Expressway, Santa Clara, CA 95051
(408)986-9000
MDL Labs
1073 Limberlost Court, Columbus, OH 43235
Tel/Fax: 614-431-2675
Email: arl@infinet.com
MetaLink Corporation
North America 325 E. Elliot Road, Chandler, AZ 85255
(800)638-2423 (602)926-0797
Fax: (602)926-1198
Europe MetaLink Europe GmbH
Westring 2, 8011<85614>
Kirchseeon-Eglharting, Germany
(08091)2046 Fax: (08091)2386

PO Box 275, 17 Model Ave., Hopewell, NJ 08525
(609)466-1751 Fax: (609)466-4116
BBS: (609)466-4117
Micro Future 40944 Cascado Place, Fremont, CA 94539

(510)657-0264 Fax: (510)657-5441
BBS: (510)657-5442
MicroMint 4 Park St., Vernon, CT 06066

(203)875-2751 Fax: (203)872-2204
Microtek International, Inc.

North America Microtek International, Inc.
3300 N.W. 211th Terrace, Hillsboro, OR 97124
(503)645-7333 Fax: (503)629-8460
Europe Microtek Electronics Europe GmbH
Starnberger Strasse 22, 82131 Gauting bei Munchen
Germany
+49(89)893139-30 Fax: +49(89)893139-50
MPE: MicroProcessor Engineering Ltd.

133 Hill Lane, Shirley, Southampton SO1 5AF U.K.
+44 1703 631441 Fax: +44 1703 339691
Email: mpe@mpeltd.demon.co.uk
sales@mpeltd.demon.co.uk
70730.3576@compuserve.com
New Micros of Dallas Texas
Nohau Corporation
51 E. Campbell Ave., Campbell, CA 95008
(408)866-1820
(408)378-2912 (24 hr. information center)
Fax: (408)378-7869
Email: nohau@shell.portal.com
WWW: http://www.nohau.com/nohau
Offete Enterprises, Inc.

1306 South B Street, San Mateo, CA 94402
(415) 574-8250
Okapi Systems (206)258-1163
Onset Computer Corporation

199 Main St., P.O. Bos 1030
North Falmouth, MA 02556-1030
(508)563-9000 Fax: (508)563-9477
Orion Instruments, Inc.

1376 Borregas Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA 94089
(408)747-0440 Fax: (408)747-0688
Email: info@oritools.com
http://www.oritools.com
Orion Instruments
180 Independence Drive, Menlo Park, CA 94025
(800)729-7700 Fax: (415)327-9881
Parallax, Inc. 6200 Desimone Lane, #69A, Citrus Heights, CA 95621

(916)721-8217
Philips Microcontroller Product Group

811 East Arques Ave. / POB 3409
Sunnvale, CA 94088-3409
Technical documentation:
Sunnyvale, CA - (800)447-1500 Fax: (408)991-3773
Eindhoven, Netherlands - Fax: 31-40-724825
Technical questions:
Sunnyvale, CA - (408)991-3518
Production Languages Corporation

P.O. Box 109, Weatherford, TX 76086
(800)525-6289 (817)599-8365 Fax: (817)599-5098
Prologic Designs
PO Box 19026, Baltimore, MD 21204
(410)661-5950 Fax: (410)661-5950
PseudoCorp 2597 Potter St., Eugene, OR 97405

(541)683-9173 Fax: (541)683-9186
Email: rhowden@teleport.com
Web: http://www.teleport.com/~rhowden
Quantasm Corporation
19672 Stevens Creek Blvd.
Cupertino, CA 95014
(800)765-8086 (408)244-6826 Fax: (408)244-7268
Raven Computer Systems
PO Box 12116, St. Paul, MN 55112
(612)636-0365
Rigel Corporation
P.O. Box 90040, Gainesville, FL 32607
Scientific Engineering Labs

255 Beacon St., Suite 3D, Somerville, MA 02143
(617)625-0288
Siemens Components, Inc.

Integrated Circuit Division, 10950 N. Tantau Ave.
Cupertino, CA 95014
(800)777-4363 Fax: (708)296-4805
Signetics Corporation (see Philips Microcontroller Product Group)
Signum Systems Mountain View, CA (415)903-2220

Thousand Oaks, CA (805)371-4608
Software Science
3570 Roundbottom Rd., Cincinnati, OH 45244
(513)561-2060 Fax: (513)271-3181
Email: pbarnes@iglou.com
Sophia Systems NS Bldg. 2-4-1, Nishishinjuku, Shinuku-ku

Tokyo 160, Japan
03-348-7000
Speech Technology Inc., Software Division

837 Front Street South, Issaquah, WA 98027
(206)392-8150
SPJ Systems 114, Chitrashala Bldg.

562, Sadashiv Peth
Pune, India
91-212-451607 Fax: 91-212-480285
Standard Microsystems Corporation

80 Arkay Dr., Hauppage, NY 11788
(516)435-6000 Fax: (516)231-6004
WWW: http://www.smc.com
Email: techsupport@smc.com
StarCom WWW: http://www.n2.net/starcom
Sun Equipment Corporation

Lodestar Electronics Corp.
616 Hawick Rd., Raleigh, NC 27615
(800)870-1955 (919)881-2141 Fax: (919)870-5720
Suncoast Technologies
P.O. Box 5835, Spring Hill FL 34606
Voice/FAX (352)596-7599
Email: suncoast@earthlink.net
WWW: http://home.earthlink.net/~suncoast/
Sysoft SA (closed as of 1989 - see KC Automation GmbH)

Systronix Inc. 555 S. 300 E., Salt Lake City, UT 84111
(801)534-1017 Fax: (801)534-1019
BBS: (801)487-2778
TCG
11 Ally22 Ln21 Pei-Ta Rd.
Hsin-Chu City, Taiwan, R.O.C.
(886)3-532-7372 Fax: 886-3-531-7162
Email:ch.bbs@csie.nctu.edu.tw
http://www.yp.at-taiwan.com/~com00121
http://www.hth.com
URDA, Inc. (800)338-0517 (412)683-8732
US Software 14215 N.W. Science Park Drive, Portland, OR 97229

(800)356-7097 (503)641-8446 Fax: (503)644-2413
Product information available by ftp -
ftp.netcom.com : pub/ussw
Universal Cross Assemblers

Canada
(506)849-8952 Fax: (506)847-0681
Vail Silicon Tools, Inc.

Box 165, Pompano Beach FL 33069
(305)491-7443 Fax: (305)974-8531
Xicor
1511 Buckeye Dr., Milpitas, CA
(408)432-8888 Fax: (408)432-0640
Email: info@smtpgat.xicor.com
http//www.xicor.com
BBS: (800)258-8864
Zax Corporation
2572 White Road, Irving, CA 92714
(800)421-0982 (714)474-1170
Zitek Corporation
1651 East Edinger Ave., Santa Ana, Ca 92705
(714)541-2931
5) 8051 DOCUMENTATION
5.1) Periodicals that cover the 8051
Various magazines and journals (journals seems to be THE popular name

for magazines these days) provide articles from time to time on the
8051 family of microcontrollers:
The Computer Applications Journal (Circuit Cellar Ink)

- programming and construction articles
- POB 7694, Riverton, NJ 08077-8784
- FAX: (203)872-2204
- Voice orders: (609)786-0409
- Email orders: ken.davidson@circellar.com
- BBS: (203)871-1988
WWW: http://www.circellar.com
- $21.95, $31.95 surface Canada and Mexico,
$49.95 air all other countries
Computer Design
- industry announcements and trends
- One Technology Park Drive, P.O. Box 990, Westford, MA 01886
- (508)692-0700
The Computer Journal

- programming and construction articles, specializing in 8-bit
and older computers (Z80-CP/M, TRS-80, Xerox, microcontrollers,
etc)
- programming and construction articles, specializing in old
computers (S-100, CP/M, TRS-80, Xerox, Adam, etc)
- P.O. Box 3900, Citrus Heights, CA 95611-3900
- (800)424-8825 or (916) 722-4970 FAX: (916) 722-7480
- BBS: (916) 722-5799
- Web: http://www.psyber.com/~tcj
- Email: tcj@psyber.com
Dave Baldwin: dibald@netcom.com
Bill Kibler: kibler@psyber.com
- USENET newsgroup alt.tcj
Dr. Dobbs Journal

- programming articles, concepts, and designs
- 411 Borel Ave., San Mateo, CA 94402
- (415)358-9500
EDN
- Cahners Publishing Company
8773 South Ridgeline Blvd., Highlands Ranch, CO 80126-2329
- annual microprocessor and DSP editions
- http://www.ednmag.com/
Electronic Engineering Times

- industry announcements and trends
- FREE to qualified engineers and managers involved in
engineering decisions
- Fulfillment Dept., PO Box 9055, Jericho, NY 11753-8955
- FAX: (516)733-6960
Electronics Now
- construction articles
- Box 55115, Boulder, CO 80321-5115
- $19.97 one year
Elektor Electronics
- World Wide Subscription Service Ltd
Unit 4, Gibbs Reed Farm, Pashley Road
Ticehurst TN5 7HE, England
- 27 UK pounds
or
- Old Colony Sound Lab, P.O. Box 243, Peterborough, NH 03458
- Tel. (603)924-6371, 924-6526
- Fax: (603)924-9467
- $57 USA and Canada per year
Embedded Systems Programming

- programming and systems design articles
- Miller Freeman Publications
- 500 Howard St., San Francisco, CA 94105
- Miller Freeman: (415)905-2200
- Embedded Systems Programming phone: (800)829-5537
Forth Dimensions
- monthly magazine on Forth
- Forth Interest Group, P.O. Box 2154, Oakland, California 94621
- (510)893-6784 Fax: (510)535-1295
- Email: johnhall@aol.com
- Forth Interest Group home page:
http://taygeta.oc.nps.navy.mil/fig_home.html
Inquisitor Magazine
- If you're the type that watched Gilligan's Island for its
socio-political insights, then you'll love a new 'zine that
just crossed my desk - Inquisitor Magazine. It's general
philosophy seems to be ... well, it seems to be ... uh, yeah!
Technical in nature, bizarre, tongue in cheek, eclectic,
electric, did I mention bizarre(?), and lots of fun. Worth
looking at if you like the out of the ordinary. The moving
force behind this magazine is Daniel Drennan, who seems to have
suffered from an overdose of radiation from his computer
monitor ;-).
- Dan is offering issue 1 of Inquisitor for free except for
postage ($1.00 in the United States; $2.00 for Canada and
overseas surface mail; and $3.00 for overseas airmail). This
issue contains plans, schematics, and troubleshooting tips for
putting together a 8052-based microcontroller. If you're
thinking of putting together an 8051 system, you might want to
check this out.
- Planetarium Station, P.O.Box 132, New York, NY 10024-0132
- (212)595-8370
- Email: inquisitor@echonyc.com
- $16 per year (4 issues)
Microcomputer Journal
- Midnight Engineering, 1700 Washington Av., Rocky Ford, CO 81067
- (719)254-4558 Fax: (719)254-4517
Midnight Engineering
- 1700 Washington Ave., Rocky Road, CO 81067
(719)254-4558 Fax: (719)254-4517
MW Media - Product Directories

- 8051 Product Directory
(survey of various 8051 products)
- Intel Development Tools Handbook
(survey of commercial development tools for the 8051, 8096,
and 80186 lines of Intel microprocessors)
- This documents could very well be a "must" if you're into
serious development using one of these chips. If you are
"just" a hobbyist, see how the "other half" lives.
- other guides on Intel development tools, Embedded Intel 386,
Intel 486/Pentium, 8051 products, Hitachi microcontroller
development tools, AMD FusionE86, AMD 29K; low power products,
DSP, multimedia CD
- FREE to qualified developers
- MW Media
- Fairmont Plaza, 50 W. San Fernando, #675, San Jose, CA 95113
- (408)288-4721 and (408)286-4200
- FAX: (408)288-4728
Nuts & Volts Magazine

- A National Publication for the Buying and Selling of
Electronic Equipment
- 430 Princeland Court, Corona, CA 91719
- Mailed third class, USA only: $17.00 one year
$31.00 two years
- Mailed first class, one year only: $34.00-USA
$35.00-Canada/Mexico
- Foreign/Air Mail - $70.00; Foreign/Surface - $39.00
- (800)783-4624
- Email: 74262.3664@compuserve.com
5.2) Books on the 8051
5.2.1) List of books
I don't have information on all of these, only that they exist. I

would greatly appreciate it if someone could provide a short synopsis
and the complete book name if you are familiar with any of these
titles.
The 8051 Family of Microcontrollers

- Richard H. Barnett
- Prentice-Hall, 1995
- ISBN 0-02-306281-9
8051 Interfacing and Applications

- Applied Logic Engineering
- 13008 93rd Place North, Maple Grove, MN 55369
- (612)494-3704
The 8051 Microcontroller

- I. Scott MacKenzie
- Prentice Hall
- 2nd edition, 1995
- ISBN 0-02-373660-7
- includes schematics for a single-board computer,
assembly-language source code for a monitor program, and
interfaces to a keypad, LEDs, and loudspeaker
The 8051 Microcontroller

- James W. Stewart
- Regents/Prentice-Hall, 1993
- $27.50, 273 pages
- includes many interfacing examples (switches, solenoids,
relays, shaft encoders, displays, motors, and A/D converters)
and a chapter on top-down design method
The 8051 Microcontroller: Architecture, Programming and Applications

- Kenneth J. Ayala
- 241 pages, soft cover
- 5.25" diskette with assembler and simulator
- ISBN 0-314-77278-2, Dewey 004.165-dc20
- West Publishing Company
- P.O. Box 64526, St. Paul, MN 55164
- (800)328-9352
- see review in next section
Assembly Language Programming (for the MCS-51 family)

- F. A. Lyn
- L. S. Electronic Systems Design
Basic-52 Programmer's Guide

- Systronix, Inc. (they also sell a Basic compiler)
Beginner's Guide
- Suncoast Technologies
C and the 8051

- Thomas W. Schultz
- Prentice Hall
- ISBN 0-13-753815-4
Data book / Handbook / Users' Guide

- Advanced Micro Devices
- Dallas (User's guide for the DS5000)
- Intel
- Philips
- Siemens
Embedded Controller Forth for the 8051 Family

- Academic Press (I think)
- William H. Payne
- uses a Forth development system available on the Internet
(see above in the Forth software section)
Embedded Systems Programming in C and Assembler

- John Forrest Brown
- Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1994
- 304 pages, $49.95
- ISBN 0-442-01817-7
- covers Motorola and Intel processors
- includes diskette with code from the book
- book review in Dr. Dobb's Journal, November 1994, page 121
Experimenter's guide
- Rigel Corporation
Flow Design for Embedded Systems

- Barry Kauler
- R&D Books / Miller Freeman (USA), 1997
distributed in Europe by McGraw-Hill
- ISBN 0-87930-469-3
- http://www.rdbooks.com/
- bundled with a sophisticated graphical diagrammer and CASE
tool, K-Flow diagrammer, that runs on Windows 3.1 or 95
- source code for the TERSE RTOS is supplied
Introduction to Microcontroller Design, Based on the 8051 family of

Processors
- Business Data Computers
- P.O. Box 1549, Chester, CA 96020
The Microcontroller Idea Book

- Jan Axelson (of Microcomputer Journal fame)
- features the 8052-BASIC microcontroller
- hands-on guide with complete plans (schematics, design theory,
program listings, construction details, etc)
- explains how to use sensors, relays, displays, clock/calendars,
keypads, wireless links, and more
- 1994, 273 pages, $31.95 + shipping
- Lakeview Research, 2209 Winnebago St., Madison, WI 53704
(608)241-5824
- contact the author at jaxelson@lvr.com
- WWW: http://www.lvr.com/
- Lakeview Research's microcontroller page (resources for
8052-Basic projects): http://www.lvr.com/microc.htm
Programming and Interfacing the 8051 Microcontroller

- Sencer Yeralan and Ashutosh Ahluwalia
- wealth of information, including: 8051 architecture,
programming basics and techniques, on-chip features, building
your own 8051 system, and interfacing to various peripherals
- hardware experiments contains plans and code for: scanning a
keypad, stepper motor control, a frequency generator, measuring
light and temperature intensity (analog to digital), digital to
analog conversion, DC motor speed regulation, interfacing to
intelligent Liquid Crystal Displays, and implementing a
multi-drop RS-485 network
- accompanying diskette has an 8051 simulator and all source code
for the projects in the book
- must have book for the hobbyist or professional
- $34.38, 352 pages, paperback, ISBN 0-201-63365-5
- Addison-Wesley
5.2.2) Book reviews
My review of the book:

Programming and Interfacing the 8051 Microcontroller
by Sencer Yeralan and Ashutosh Ahluwalia
Addison-Wesley has just released a GREAT new book, "Programming

and Interfacing the 8051 Microcontroller" by Sencer Yeralan and
Ashutosh Ahluwalia. I had actually reviewed the manuscript some
time back, and the book has now finally been released. This book
contains a wealth of information - it answers a lot of Frequently
Asked Questions that often appear in comp.robotics,
sci.electronics, and comp.arch.embedded.
Among the some of the basic subjects covered include: 8051

architecture, programming basics and techniques, on-chip features,
building your own 8051 system, and interfacing to various
peripherals. A section on hardware experiments contains plans and
code for: scanning a keypad, stepper motor control, a frequency
generator, measuring light and temperature intensity (analog to
digital), digital to analog conversion, DC motor speed regulation,
interfacing to intelligent Liquid Crystal Displays, and
implementing a multi-drop RS-485 network.
The book comes with a diskette containing an 8051 simulator and

all source code for the projects in the book. This is a must have
book for the hobbyist or professional. Available for $34.38, 352
pages, paperback, ISBN 0-201-63365-5. Run, don't walk, to your
bookstore and get one now. I mean it, this is a great book.

by Jan Axelson
This book is loosely based on a series of articles Jan wrote for

ComputerCraft magazine (now the Microcomputer Journal). If you
are at all familiar with her work, you already realize that you're
wasting your time by reading this review and you might as well
just order your copy now.
This is an excellent book for hobbyists and tinkerers, as it

includes complete circuit schematics and parts lists, design
theory, example program listings, construction and debugging tips,
and vendor listings. The example circuits and programs are based
on the 8052-BASIC chip (a favorite with hobbyists due to its ease
of use), and there is a lot of material on programming in BASIC52.
The book is [very] useful even if you use a standard 8051 part.
Lots of different interfacing ideas including: sensors, motors,
LEDs, LCDs, wireless links, and a LOT more.
Chapter titles: microcontroller basics, inside the 8052-

BASIC, powering up, saving programs, programming, inputs and
outputs, switches and keypads, displays, using sensors to
detect and measure, clocks and calendars, control circuits,
wireless links, calling assembly-language routines, running
BASIC-52 from external memory, related products
If you are just starting out with microcontrollers, and don't have
a clue where to start or what to control, this book is just what
you need. As the title of the book says, it's an idea book.

Jan Axelson
1994, 273 pages, $31.95 + shipping
Lakeview Research, 2209 Winnebago St., Madison, WI 53704
(608)241-5824
Email: jaxelson@lvr.com
Web: http://www.lvr.com/

by Richard H. Barnett
This book VERY thoroughly discusses the design and implementation

of controllers using the 8051. Dick says his book is "lots of
meat, very little filler", but he's a bit off the mark here. What
he means to say is this book is many large chunks of meat, no
vegetables, and no potatoes - we are NOT talking Hamburger Helper
here gang. The introduction alone contains circuits for 3
controllers (one 8085 design used as a comparison). Many hardware
and softare examples are included. Everywhere you turn in this
book, you'll find circuit diagrams and sample code, including
complete designs for three different microcontroller projects in
the last chapter. Clear and in-depth coverage of interfacing and
peripheral use leaves very little to the imagination.
This is a good book for both students and professionals who are
trying to figure out how to start designing there own
microcontroller. Experienced hobbyists will also appreciate the
many examples. Novices might be a bit overwhelmed by this book.
Richard H. Barnett
Prentice-Hall, 1995
ISBN 0-02-306281-9
For more info contact the author - rbarnett@purdue.edu
Richard Kendrick's review of the book:

8051 Interfacing and Applications
from Applied Logic Engineering
IN BRIEF
An excellent collection of interfacing circuits and well commented

source code in assembly. This is not a book for beginners as it
assumes the user is very familiar with the architecture of the
8051 and its registers. A disk of assembly source code listings
is included.
CHAPTERS
1 - 8051 Interfacing and Applications

1.1 - Introduction
1.2 - Main System Core
1.3 - Simple Methods of User Input
1.4 - Interfacing a 16 digit keypad to the 8031
1.5 - Centronics Parallel Input Port
1.6 - Centronics Parallel Output Port
1.7 - Interfacing to the built-in Serial Port
1.8 - Interfacing to a Dual Channel UART
1.9 - Interfacing to an LCD
1.10 - Bank Selection of Memory
- Appendix A: List of Vendors
- Appendix B: Connection to an External Computer
0.1 RS-232 Serial Connection
0.2 Centronics Interface Cabling
COMMENTS
This spiral bound book is thin (74 pages) but manages to cover a
lot of information. All of the sub-chapters have excellent code
listings with full comments, partial schematic diagrams, and an
occasional timing diagram. The chapter on using the serial port
is based on the MAX232 chip becoming so popular. A table of timer
reload values is provided to get standard baud rates but the book
only mentions the required clock frequency of 11.0592 mHz in the
first chapter. It also doesn't explain why a seemingly
non-standard crystal frequency was chosen. The dual UART channel
features the 2681 chip. The LCD chapter gives a small but
adequate explaination of the Hitachi controller chip usage on LCD
displays and a tiny fragment of data on display characteristics of
LCDs. The bank selection of memory is useful showing code and
schematic using five 62256 chips for 160K bytes of read/write
memory.
Richard Kendrick's review of the book:

Microprocessor/Controller Design
by Wayne P. Lichti of Business Data Computers
A lame little book better bypassed. As an introductory text,
Kenneth Ayala's book is the winner hands down. This book is a
poor rehash of the same information in Intel's or AMD's data book.
There is one code listing in the book and does little more than
tell the reader that the 8051 family of processors exist.
This book is 134 pages of wasted time. The schematics were

printed on a dot matrix printer and poorly reproduced. Many of
the sections are just a table or a paragraph with two or three
sentences. Use Ayala's book, you'll learn a lot more useful
information.
John Little's review of the book:

The 8051 Microcontroller: Architecture, Programming and Applications
by Kenneth J. Ayala
IN BRIEF
A good book for those who are already moderately familiar with
assembly language programming and wish to learn more about 8051
specifics. Has many example listings, all of which are very well
documented in terms of comments and explanations in the text. NOT
a book for absolute beginners OR hardware hackers looking for
circuits and applications.
CHAPTERS
1 - Microprocessors and Microcontrollers.

2 - The 8051 Architecture.
3 - Moving Data.
4 - Logical Operations.
5 - Arithmetic Operations.
6 - Jump and Call Opcodes.
7 - An 8051 Microcontroller Design.
8 - Applications.
9 - Serial Data Communication.
A - 8051 Operational Code Mnemonics.
B - How to Use the Assembler.
C - how to Use the Simulator.
D - The 8255 Programmable I/O Port.
E - Control Registers.
COMMENTS
In his preface to the book, Mr Ayala states that that it is

intended for "... a diverse audience. It is meant for use
primarily by those who work in the area of electronic design and
assembly language programming of small, dedicated computers".
Later, he goes on to refer the reader to the manufacturer's data
books for more information on hardware issues. This sets the tone
for the whole book, which is very much software orientated.
Anyone buying the book expecting to find reams of circuit diagrams

and details on how to build their own 8051 driven, automated car
assembly plant will be disappointed. In fact, most of the circuits
and applications shown are very much conceptual, with generic,
black-box outlines for most of the components. The single
exception to this is a fairly complete system (8031, EPROM & RAM,
jumper selectable memory sizes) in the chapter on microcontroller
design. Even then, there's no I/O shown (the txd/rxd are
unconnected).
Having said that, Mr Ayala does do a fairly thorough job of

working through the peculiarities of the 8051, with detailed
coverage of memory organisation, bit/byte level operations,
timers, interrupts and, at the end of the book, a complete chapter
on 8051 communication modes. Each area has relevant assembly
language listings, along with a detailed explanation of the
workings of the code.
Each section also has highlighted "comment" passages which point

out common pitfalls and reinforce critical points. Each chapter
ends with a summary of the important points covered and a series
of ten to twenty pertinent problems for the reader to solve. For
the most part, the answers to the problems can be found in the
text. In later chapters though, the reader is asked to elaborate
on various programming themes and to write assembly language
programs of their own to perform various tasks. The problems range
from the bland "Name twenty items which have a built in
microcontroller" (Chapter 1), to the more esoteric "Compose a
40-value lookup table that will generate a sawtooth wave using a
D/A converter" (Chapter 8).
It should be noted that the book is not aimed at the complete

novice. For instance, although assembly language listings are used
throughout, it is not until Appendix B that the reader finds out
what the assembler actually does and how the listings relate to
machine code. Even then, the complete neophyte will be left with a
rather empty feeling, as there are pages and pages of code, the
schematic for a (more or less) complete system and instructions on
how to use the assembler, but no information at all on how the
object code should be utilised (other than with the included
simulator - see below). If you don't already know how to blow an
EPROM, you're in trouble.
The diskette which accompanies the book contains the PseudoSam

assembler (which is used throughout) and an 8051 simulator. Both
being intended for use on a PC (it's a measure of how fast the
computer industry is evolving that a 5.25 inch diskette seems a
little archaic just three years after the publication date of the
book). The PseudoSam assembler ran fine on my system and I was
able to assemble several of the examples from the book and
successfully run them on a small, home-brew 8031 system. I was
totally unable to get the simulator to run. However, as it failed
on several different systems I'm prepared to believe that my
particular copy of the diskette was at fault.
SUMMARY
All in all, a recommended book for those who have previous

assembly language experience and wish to get to know details
relating to the 8051 microcontroller. While the internal
architecture of the chip is covered in detail, external hardware
and peripheral interfacing is not. Only the basic 8051/31 is
covered, with little mention of the other variants available.
There are extensive listings in the text, covering routines for
handling keyboards and displays, as well as timing loops and
communications. A large, clear typeface ensures that all of the
listings are completely legible. The layout and presentation of
the book is excellent, with a consistent, unambiguous style used
throughout.
Tim McDonough's review of the book:

C and the 8051: Programming for Multitasking
by Thomas W. Schultz
Schultz's book provides a brief overview of the 8051 architecture

but is primarily a discussion of multi-tasking software in an 8051
environment. He presents quite a few code examples. The examples
and the accompanying text show comparisons of how to accomplish
things in assembler, PLM, and C. The C examples presented are
based on Version 3 of the Franklin compiler but should be easily
understandable by anyone already familiar with C.
Later chapters in the book deal with more advanced topics.

Chapters are devoted to Real-Time Ideas, Timing and Scheduling,
Communications and Synchronization, Interrupts, Priority, and
Context, and Distributed Systems. The Real-Time Ideas chapter
briefly discusses six Real Time Operating System (RTOS) kernels
offered by several vendors. Later in the book some examples are
given to simple applications with and without using a RTOS.
All in all, a useful addition to my technical library. It is one

of the few 8051 books that goes beyond the basics and would be
particularly of interest to those contemplating their first
non-trivial 8051 design.

Basic-52 Programming
by Bruce Boyes, Will Bagley, and Scott Kendall of Systronix, Inc.
A must have book for Basic-52 programmers. The book starts out
with an introduction to BASIC-52 programming, program editing, and
techniques. About a hundred of the book's 160 pages are a
detailed and quite useful reference of the commands and
statements. Six appendixes covering advanced topics round out
this most useful volume. A quick index to commands, operators,
and instructions printed on the back cover of the book is a nice
finishing touch. For only $20.00, it's a bargain at twice the
price. Well, let's not get carried away, but if you're
programming in Basic-52, this book is indispensible.
5.3) Miscellaneous documentation on the 8051
Advanced Micro Devices

- application notes
Intel Corporation
- application notes
L.S. Electronic Systems Design

- application notes (source code on diskette and schematics)
Philips Semiconductors (Signetics)

- application notes
Software Science
- application notes
__________________________________________________________
I disclaim everything. The contents of this article might be totally

inaccurate, inappropriate, misguided, or otherwise perverse - except for
my name (hopefully I got that right).
Copyright (c) 1997 by Russ Hersch, all rights reserved.

This FAQ may be posted to any USENET newsgroup, on-line service, or BBS
as long as it is posted in its entirety and includes this copyright
statement.
This FAQ may not be distributed for financial gain.
This FAQ may not be included in commercial collections or compilations
without express permission from the author.
-----------------------------------
Russ Hersch - russ@shani.net
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8051 microcontroller FAQ

From: russ@shani.net (Russ Hersch)

This article is a collection of information sources on the Intel 8051

The following topics are addressed:

0) Rantings and ravings (to make the FAQ zero-based)

1) ABOUT THIS FAQ

2) ABOUT THE 8051

3) SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON THE 8051

0) Rantings and ravings

Disclaimer: Just so it is understood, the "rantings and ravings" are

You'll still need to purchase either James E. Hendrix's "A Small C

If you'd like to start learning about microcontrollers, but the

This is a perfect system for students and hobbyists. Even

For more information, contact:

SPJ Systems (Pune, India) has announced version 3.0 of their C

A working demo of the compiler package, which includes the library

Students at the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil

1.1) Who put this FAQ together?

I was prompted to put this FAQ together in response to my own

Normally, I spend all day programming in assembler or C on an IBM PC.

1.2) How can I contribute to this list?

I please ask that if you have any suggestions or additions, or you

The list of individuals who have sent suggestions and encouragement

Special thanks to recent contributors:

1.3) What newsgroups will this FAQ be posted to?

This FAQ will be posted to the following newsgroups:

A bit farther afield, but still of possible interest:

1.4) May I post this FAQ to my local BBS?

I am putting no restrictions on the use of this FAQ except - It must

For this reason I have appended a copyright statement to the end of

1.5) How about FAQs on other microcontrollers?

If anyone wishes to start a FAQ on another microcontroller, please

Other Microcontroller FAQs

Subject: PIC microcontrollers

Subject: 68hc11 microcontrollers

Subject: Microcontroller primer and FAQ

Additional FAQs of interest

Subject: I2C protocol

FAQ subject: Real-time

Subject: Motorola 68K microprocessor line

For more detailed information on various 8051 microcontroller parts,

For more information on various microcontrollers and their features,

2) ABOUT THE 8051

2.1) The 8051 microcontroller

The 8051 is an 8 bit microcontroller originally developed by Intel in

A typical 8051 contains:

The 8051 architecture is a tad bizarre, but then so are the

One strong point of the 8051 is the way it handles interrupts.

The 8051 instruction set is optimized for the one-bit operations so

2.2) 8051 Flavors

Among the major manufacturers are:

Advanced Micro Devices (AMD)

AMD was one of the first manufacturers of enhanced variants

The smallest current device is the ATMEL 89c1051, a 20 Pin FLASH

Dallas Soft Microcontrollers - DS5000(T), DS5001(T), DS2250(T)

The DS500x is a standard 40 pin DIP package (well, mostly

Dallas High-Speed Micros - DS80c320, DS87c520, DS87c530

Real barn-burners - performance up to 10 MIPS! Dallas was the

High performance doesn't just mean speed. High integration gives

Introduced in 1980, it has become the industry standard for