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INDEX

Bold number indicates the start of the main discussion of the topic; numbers with “f ” and “t” refer to figure and table pages.
AA. See Aplastic anemia Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 100, 297 Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), 240
“ABCD rules” for melanoma, 426 peripheral blood smear of, 66f, 191f peripheral blood smear of, 65f
Abciximab, 269t Acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) treatment of, 696, 720–721
action mechanism of, 268, 692, 714 classification of, 183t Acyclovir, for herpes viruses, 385t
drug-induced thrombocytopenia and, 227 etiology of, 184 ADAMTS13 activity
for MI, 269 evaluation of, 189, 690, 711 HUS and, 230, 231, 654
Abnormal hemoglobins. See Structural genetic abnormalities of, 187 TTP and, 230
hemoglobinopathies Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, 167 Addison’s disease, anemia and, 79
ABO antigens/antibodies, 143–144 Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), Adenoacanthoma, 535
genes determining, 144 166, 661 Adenocarcinoma, 439
Abscopal effect, 39 cell morphology of, 169f diagnosis of, 688, 708
ABVD. See Doxorubicin, bleomycin, chromosomal analyses of, 168 esophageal cancer as, 472
vinblastine, and dacarbazine classification of, 167–168 as malignant small intestine tumors, 486
Acanthocytosis, peripheral blood smear of, 61f by FAB, 167, 167t Adenomas
Acanthosis nigricans, 607 molecular, 168 as benign small intestine tumors, 485–486
ACE. See Angiotensin-converting enzyme by WHO, 167, 167t bronchial, 457
Acetaminophen, 653 clinical presentation of, 168–171 familial cancer syndromes and, 286
for pain intervention, 405 hematologic findings, 169–170 Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)
Acquired abnormality of cobalamin physical findings, 169 function of, 286
metabolism, 104 pretreatment evaluation, 170–171 germline/somatic mutations in, 288f
Acquired disorders of platelet function, 231 symptoms, 168–169 Adenosine diphosphatase (ADPase), 265
Acquired hemoglobinopathies, 84, 93 diagnosis of, 696–697, 721 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 112
Acquired inhibitor, of coagulation factors, epidemiology/risk factors for, 697–698, 722 Adenosquamous carcinoma, 535
244 etiology of, 166–167 Adjuvant therapy
Acral lentiginous melanoma, 423, 423f chemical/other exposure and, for adrenocortical tumors, 618
ACS. See American Cancer Society 166–167 for breast cancer, 465
ACTH. See Adrenocorticotropic hormone drugs and, 167 suggested approaches for, 466t
Actinic keratoses, 430 hereditary, 166 for HCC, 494
skin lesion of, 429f radiation and, 166 for melanoma, 428
Actinomycin D, 355t hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for, for NSCLC, 452–453, 452t
Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), 395 for pancreatic cancer, 503, 503f
29, 698, 723 incidence of, 166 for soft tissue sarcoma, 543
phospholipid composition of, 30 infectious complications and, 173 ADPase. See Adenosine diphosphatase
prolongation of, 235 initial diagnostic evaluation/management Adrenal cortical tumors, 600
Active surveillance of, 170t Adrenal insufficiency, 687, 707
for pancreatic cancer, 502 peripheral blood smear of, 65f from megestrol, 652
for prostate cancer, 518 prognostic factors of, 171–172 serum cortisol and, 652
case selection for, 518 chromosome findings, 171 treatment for, 652
10-year survival rates for, 518 supportive care for, 172–173 as unnoticeable, 651
for testicular cancer, 526 treatment of, 172–175 Adrenalectomy, for pheochromocytoma, 605
Acute blood loss algorithm for, 172f Adrenocortical tumors, 615
anemia from, 11, 126–127 anthracycline therapy, 171 clinical features of, 617
treatment for, 127 blood bank support, 173 Cushing’s syndrome and, 615, 617
clinical/pathophysiologic stages of, 127 chemotherapy induction, 171–172 diagnostic approach to, 617–618
vascular instability from, 11 fever and, 173 examination for, 618
Acute chest syndrome new agents for, 174t FNA for, 618
management of, 88 postremission therapy, 174–175 genetic considerations for, 617
sickle cell anemia and, 86 relapse, 175 imaging for, 618
Acute erythroleukemia. See Erythroleukemia, SCT, 175 incidence/etiology of, 615, 617
acute Acute necrotizing myopathy, 638 predisposition to, 617
Acute hemolytic reaction, to transfusion, Acute posthemorrhagic anemia (APHA) staging for, 618
147–148 clinical/pathophysiologic stages of, 127 German Adrenocortical Cancer Registry
Acute lung injury, transfusion-related, 149 diagnosis of, 127 on, 618

731
732 Index

Adrenocortical tumors (Cont.): Allogeneic stem cell transplant, 371, 389 Anagrelide, 163
survival rate for, 618 for CML, 177, 395 Anaphylactic reaction, to blood transfusion,
treatment for, 618–619 donor of, 178 149
adjuvant therapy for, 618 GVHD development from, 179 Anaplastic astrocytoma, 549
surgery, 618 patient of, 177–178 Anaplastic large T/null cell lymphoma
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), posttransplantation treatment of, 179 diagnosis of, 201
440, 599 preparative regimens and, 178–179 systemic symptoms of, 201
Adult T cell leukemia (ATL), 185, 200–201 recipients of, blood cell renewal, 4 treatment of, 201
diagnosis of, 200 umbilical cord blood and, 178 Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), 201
peripheral blood smear of, 66f, 200f Alloimmunization, 143 Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), 571, 577
Advanced care planning transfusion therapy and, 149–150 chemotherapy for, 577
communication and, 402 All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), 299t, 304, 365 Anastrozole, 363
document types needed for, 402 Alopecia, as chemotherapy complication, 370 Androgen-depletion syndrome, 519
durable attorney and, 402 Alpha heavy chain disease (Selig Mann’s clinical trial for, 520
legal aspects of, 402–403 disease), 215–216 intermittent hormone therapy for, 520
practices and, 402 Alprazolam, 410 outcomes of, 520–521
steps in, 403t Alteplase survival rates of, 520
Advisory Committee on Immunization anistreplase v., 281 Anemia, 11. See also Hypometabolic state
Practices, 40 domains of, 281, 281f anemia; Hypoproliferative anemia
AFP. See α-Fetoprotein for MI, 281 from acute blood loss, 11, 126–127
African Americans Altretamine, 354t, 359 treatment for, 127
anemia and, 12 Alzheimer’s Association, 413 Addison’s disease and, 79
multiple myeloma in, 207 Amantadine, 386t African Americans and, 12
Aggrenox American Academy of Dermatology, 425 bone marrow response to, 17t
dosing for, 268 American Cancer Society (ACS), 339, 413, from chemotherapy, 368
for stroke prevention, 268 425, 463, 513 classification of, 13, 18–20, 18f
for TIA, 267 Pap smear recommendation of, 690, 711 blood loss/hemolytic anemia, 19–20
AHSP. See α-Hemoglobin-stabilizing American College of Physicians, 330 hemolytic disease, 19
protein American Joint Commission for Cancers hypoproliferative anemia, 18–19
AICAR. See Aminoimidazole carboxamide (AJCC), 325, 491, 618 initial/functional, 18
ribonucleotide on melanoma, 423–424 iron-deficiency, 19
AIHA. See Autoimmune hemolytic anemia soft tissue sarcoma staging by, 542t maturation disorders, 19
Airway obstruction, 651f thyroid cancer staging by, 572, 573t clinical presentation of, 11–16
cause of, 650 American Society of Clinical Oncology, 463 signs/symptoms of, 11–12
diagnosis of, 650 American Urological Association (AUA) EPO levels influencing, 11, 11f
as oncologic emergency, 650 Symptom Index, for benign prostate from folate deficiency, 79
treatment for, 650 disease, 522 laboratory evaluation for, 12–13, 13t
AJCC. See American Joint Commission for Aminoglutethimide, 619 likelihood/severity scale of, 11
Cancers Aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide liver disease and, 79
AL amyloidosis, 217, 219 (AICAR), 99 mechanism clues to, 12
clinical signs of, 221f Amiodarone, for AL amyloidosis, 222 multiple myeloma and, 209
diagnosis of, 219–220 Amitriptyline, 327 peripheral blood smear for, 13, 685, 706
etiology/incidence of, 219 AML. See Acute myeloid leukemia physical examination for, 12
laboratory features of, 220f Amniotic fluid embolism, 255 reticulocyte count for, 13, 15–16,
LCs in, 220 Amoxicillin, 375 686, 706
pathology/clinical features of, Amphotericin B, 380 treatment of, 20
220–221 antifungal therapy and, 384 WHO definition of, 11
rapid progression of, 220 voriconazole v., 384 Anemia of chronic disease, 77
supportive care for, 222 Ampulla of Vater carcinoma, 498 Anemia of inflammation, 70
treatment of, 221–222 Amyloid fibril proteins ANF. See Atrial natriuretic factor
Alemtuzumab, 194, 299t, 656 formation of, 218 Angina, clopidogrel for, 267
Alfimeprase, 282 precursors of, 218t Angiocentric lymphoma, 201
ALG. See Antilymphocyte globulin Amyloid precursor protein (APP), 217 Angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma, 201
ALK. See Anaplastic lymphoma kinase Amyloidosis, 217. See also AL amyloidosis Angiomas, as benign small intestine
ALL. See Acute lymphoblastic leukemia; biochemical nature of, 217 tumors, 486
Acute lymphoid leukemia clinical suspicion of, 219f Angiotensin-converting enzyme
Allergic reactions, to blood transfusion, clinical syndromes of, 218 (ACE), 150
148–149 diagnosis/treatment of, 218 Animal fats, colorectal cancer and
Alloantibodies, 143, 144–145 general principles of, 217–219 478–479
FVIII/FIX and, 238 supportive care for, 222 Anisocytosis, 13, 57
Index 733

Anistreplase, 280–281 Antifibrinolytic drugs (Cont.): Aplastic anemia (AA), epidemiology of (Cont.):
administration of, 280 for hemophilia, 238 infection, 131
alteplase v., 281 therapeutic monitoring of, 672–675t PNH, 131
Ann Arbor staging system, 325 Antifungal therapy pregnancy, 131
for Hodgkin’s disease, 190t amphotericin B and, 384 radiation, 130
Anoikis, 352 for cancer patient infections, 384–385 etiology of, 129–130
ANP. See Atrial natriuretic peptide Anti-Hu antibodies, 634 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Anthracycline therapy, 577 Antilymphocyte globulin (ALG), 133 for, 394
for AML, 171 Antimetabolites, 361–362 laboratory studies for
Antiandrogens, 520 Antiphospholipid antibody testing, 30–31 ancillary studies, 134
Antiangiogenic therapy, 314–317 Antiplatelet drugs, 264, 265 blood smear, 133
randomized trials for, 315 action site of, 266f bone marrow smear, 133
Antibacterial therapy new agents for, 269 prognosis for, 134
benefits of, 384 role of, 265 supportive care for, 136
for cancer patient infections, target of, 265 treatment for, 134–136, 700, 726
383–384 therapeutic monitoring of, 672–675t hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,
initial regimen for, 383, 384 Antithrombin, 24 134–135
randomized trials for, 384 Antithrombotic drugs immunosuppression, 135
resistance pattern and, 384 classification of, 265t Aplastic crisis, 94, 113
Antibiotics components of, 264 Apoferritin, 71
antitumor, 360–361 therapeutic monitoring of, 672–675t Apoptosis, 10, 305, 352
for infection, 374 Antithrombotic mechanisms, 24–25 cancer cell biology and, 305–307
Antibody. See also Human antibody infusion physiologic pathways for, 24f death receptors and, 306–307
reactions Antithymocyte globulin (ATG), 138 preclinical studies on, 306–307
ABO, 143–144 horse/rabbit, 135 drug induced, 307
allo-, 143, 144–145, 238 Antitumor antibiotics, 360–361 induction of, 305
anti-C5, 126, 126f Antityroxine antibodies, hypothyroidism and, protein regulation and, 305
anti-Hu, 634 608 tumor cell evolution and, 305
antiphospholipid testing for, 30–31 Antiviral therapy APP. See Amyloid precursor protein
antityroxine as, 608 for cancer patient infections, 385, 386t Appendiceal carcinoids, 584
anti-Yo, 636 for herpes viruses, 385, 385t aPTT. See Activated partial thromboplastin
auto-, 143 Anti-Yo antibodies, cerebellar degeneration time
biologic therapy and, 372 and, 636 ara-C. See Cytosine arabinoside
Donath-Landsteiner, 123, 145 Antrectomy, 589 Argatroban
insulin resistance by, 607–608 Anus cancers, 487 action mechanism of, 692, 714
molecules of, 205 development of, 487 hirudin/bivalirudin v., 275
insulin resistance from, 607–608 treatment for, 487–488 for HIT, 228, 276
monoclonal, 485 Anzemet. See Dolasetron INR for, 276
NMDA receptor, 633f APC. See Adenomatous polyposis coli Arginine vasopressin (AVP), 440
nonparaneoplastic neurologic disorders APECED. See Autoimmune Arsenic trioxide, 174, 358t
associated with, 635t polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis- Arterial blood gases, 256
PNDs associated with, 635t ectodermal dystrophy Arterial thrombosis
serum, 102–103 APHA. See Acute posthemorrhagic anemia platelet role in, 265
Anti-C5 antibody APL. See Acute promyelocytic leukemia platelet/fibrin composition of, 264
PNH treatment and, 126 Aplastic anemia (AA), 72, 128, 700 venous thrombosis v., 264
therapeutic efficacy of, 126f biopsy of, 132f vessel wall disruption and, 265
Anticoagulants, 264, 269 of bone marrow, 64f Ascorbic acid, 90
oral, 276–279 bone marrow failure and, 125 Asparaginase, 357t, 362, 656
parenteral, 269–276 classification of, 129t Aspergillus infection, 381–382
Anticoagulation, 259–261 clinical features of, history/physical outbreaks of, 386
complications of, 260 examination, 133 presentation of, 381
duration of, 260–261 definition of, 128–129 treatment of, 384
fondaparinux and, 259–260 diagnosis for, 134 Aspirin, 27, 163, 336
guidelines for, 261 epidemiology of, 129 action mechanism for, 265–266
hospital stay during, 260 chemicals, 130, 130t dosage of, 266
LMWH and, 259 constitutional disorders, 131 indications for, 266
UFH and, 259 drug injury, 132–133 for MI, 266
warfarin and, 260 drugs, 130–131, 130t resistance to, 266
Antifibrinolytic drugs, 233 immune-mediated injury, 133 side effects of, 266
DIC and, 242–243 immunologic diseases, 131 use of, 698, 723
734 Index

Asplenism. See Hyposplenism B cell prolymphocytic leukemia, 199 Biopsy (Cont.):


Astrocytomas, 550f BAC. See Bronchioalveolar carcinoma fine needle aspiration as, 345, 570, 618
gliomatosis cerebri as, 551 Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), 52t gastric, 102
high-grade, 551 Bacterial infection, multiple myeloma incisional as, 345
alternative treatment approach to, 551 susceptibility to, 208 of lymph nodes, 35
low-grade, 550 Baker’s cyst, 255 of melanoma, 426–427
median overall survival rate of, 550 Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), 428 open-lung, 382
pathogenesis model of, 550f clinical presentation of, 429–430 prostate, 513, 514
primary brain tumors and, 549–551 natural history of, 430 for soft tissue sarcoma, 541
WHO grading system for, 549 skin lesion of, 429f Bisphosphonate zoledronate, 521
Asymmetric cell division, 3 treatment for, 430–431 Bivalirudin
ATBC. See α-Tocopherol/β-carotene Lung Basophil heparin v., 276
Cancer Prevention Trial morphology of, 45f hirudin/argatroban v., 275t
ATC. See Anaplastic thyroid cancer peripheral blood smear of, 63f Bladder cancer, 504
ATG. See Antithymocyte globulin Basophilic stippling, 57, 121 cigarette smoking and, 504
Ativan. See Lorazepam BCC. See Basal cell carcinoma clinical presentation/diagnosis of, 505–506
ATL. See Adult T cell leukemia BCG. See Bacille Calmette-Guérin endoscopic evaluation for, 506
ATP. See Adenosine triphosphate BCPT. See Breast Cancer Prevention Trial epidemiology of, 504
ATRA. See All-trans retinoic acid BCR-ABL oncogene product, 297–300 hematuria and, 505
Atraumatic endoscopic surgery, 612 Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, 617 incidence of, 504
Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), 440 Benign prostate disease management of, 508t
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), 625 cystoscopy for, 522 pathogenesis of, 505
AUA. See American Urological Association surgical approaches to, 522 pathology of, 504–505
Auer rods, AML cell morphology of, 169f Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), 513 polychronotropism exhibited by, 504
Autoantibodies, 143 Benzene, 130 survival rate for, 507
Autocrine growth factors, lung cancer and, exposure to, 166–167 TNM staging of, 504, 505f
442 Benztropine, 411 transitional cell origin of, 504
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) BEP. See Cisplatin, bleomycin, etoposide treatment for, 506–507
CAD as, 123–124 Bernard-Soulier syndrome, 231 chemotherapy, 507–508
clinical features of, 123 Bethesda units (BU), 238 cystectomy, 506
Coombs-negative, 123 Bevacizumab (Avastin), 299t, 455, 485, endoscopic resection, 505
medical emergency of, 123 534, 656 intravesical, 506
pathophysiology of, 122–123 action mechanism of, 315–316, 315t invasive disease, 506–507
PCH as, 123 clinical use of, 317 metastatic disease, 507
treatment of, 123 delivery of, 316 superficial disease, 506
Autoimmune insulin syndrome, with randomized clinical trials for, 315t surgery, 507
hypoglycemia, 608 side effects of, 316 Bladder dysfunction, 659
Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy- success of, 317 Blast crisis, treatment of, 181
candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy VEGF inhibition by, 317 Blastic skeletal metastases, PSA elevation and,
(APECED), 606 Bexarotene, 358t 566
Autologous stem cell transplant, 389 Bicalutamide, 520 Bleeding/thrombosis, 22
for CML, 180 withdrawal response of, 521 bleeding history and, 25–27
GVT effect lacking from, 389 Biliary obstruction. See Malignant biliary clinical presentation of, 25–27
Autonomic dysfunction, 634 obstruction hemophilia and, 237
Avastin. See Bevacizumab Biologic therapy, 343 from heparin, 272
Avoidance bias, 712 autologous T cell manipulation and, 371 herbal supplements associated with
AVP. See Arginine vasopressin bell-shaped dose-response curve for, 370 increased, 27t
Axillary adenopathy CUP treatment, 566 cancer treatment and, 370–373 history of, 28–29
5-Azacytidine, 88, 141, 356t, 365 goal of, 370 ITP and, 228
Azathioprine, 124, 138, 356t immune mediators/antitumor effects of, laboratory evaluation for, 29
Aztreonam, for AML, 173 371–373 antiphospholipid antibody testing, 30–31
Azurophil granules, 43 antibodies and, 372 mixing studies, 30
defensins and, 43 cytokines and, 372–373 platelet function measures, 31
Biopsy screening assays, 29–30
B cell chronic lymphoid leukemia of AA, 132f specific factor assays, 30
diagnosis of, 192 of bone marrow, 132f from LMWH, 274
differential diagnosis of, 192 for cancer treatment, 345 medications/dietary supplements
treatment for, 192–194 for cobalamin deficiency, 102 influencing, 27
B cell differentiation, from normal to core-needle as, 345 risk factors for, 28f, 28t
lymphoma, 186–187, 187f excisional as, 345 tonsillectomy and, 26–27
Index 735

Bleeding/thrombosis (Cont.): Bone marrow transplantation (BMT), 88, 94, BRCA-2 gene mutation, 459
underlying systemic diseases influencing, 126, 388 Breast cancer, 459
27–28 for CML, 178 chemoprevention of, 336
from warfarin, 278 for diffuse large B cell lymphoma, 198 diet role in, 460
Bleomycin, 355t, 454, 539 late complications of, 693, 714 epidemiology of, 460–461
adverse effect of, 382 Bone metastasis, 307, 692, 713 radiation, 461
pulmonary damage from, 654 pain from, 545, 685, 705 exogenous hormone role in, 460–461
side effects/toxicity of, 360 peripheral bone smear of, 64f genetic considerations of, 288–289, 340,
Blood cells treatment for, 545–546 459–460
peripheral collection of, 391 Bone sarcomas, 543 HER2/neu target in, 300
regulatory mechanisms of, 4 chondrosarcoma and, 544–545 HRT and, 460–461
Blood components, 145 classification of, 543 international incidence variation of, 460
characteristics of, 146t benign tumors, 543 late effects/consequences of, 661–662
cryoprecipitate as, 147 malignant tumors, 543 in men, 470
FFP as, 147 Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Staging metastasis of, 556
plasma derivatives as, 147 System for, 543 patient follow-up of, 470, 470t
platelets as, 146–147 Ewing’s sarcoma and, 545 prognosis of, 700, 725
PRBC as, 146 incidence/epidemiology of, 543 radiation therapy risk increase of, 349
whole blood as, 146 osteosarcomas and, 543–544 risk factors for, 698, 722–733
Blood fractionation industry staging system for, 544t screening for, 340, 463
advances in, 237 Bone scan radionuclide, 515, 546 staging for, 463, 464t
diseases/infection influencing, 237 Bortezomib, 299t, 365, 369 5-year survival rate and, 465t
Blood group antigens/antibodies for AL amyloidosis, 222 treatment for, 463–470
ABO antigens/antibodies as, for multiple myeloma, 213 adjuvant therapy, 465, 466t
143–144 Bourneville’s disease. See Tuberous sclerosis breast conservation, 463, 465
alloantibodies as, 144–145 BPH. See Benign prostatic hypertrophy chemotherapy, 468–469
Rh system as, 144 Brachial plexitis, 638 DCIS, 469–470
Blood-tumor barrier, brain metastasis and, Brachytherapy, 346 endocrine therapy, 468, 468t
557 for brain/cervix cancer, 348 estrogen/progesterone receptor status, 465
BMF. See Bone marrow failure improvements in, 518 extensive intraductal component of, 465
Bmi-1 gene, absence of, 6 for prostate cancer, 517–518 histologic classification, 466
BMSCs. See Bone marrow stromal cells as radiation therapy delivery, 348 lobular neoplasia, 470
BMT. See Bone marrow transplantation toleration of, 518 molecular changes, 466
BNP. See Brain natriuretic peptide Brain masses, 380 neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 467
Body fluids, reference range of, 683t Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), 218 noninvasive, 469
Bohr effect, 11 Brain tumors. See also Primary brain tumors prevention, 469
Bombay phenotype (Oh), 144 benign types of, 555 prognostic variables, 465
Bone marrow clinical features of, 547–548 radiation therapy, 467–468
AA smear of, 133–134 hereditary syndromes associated with, 549t stage III, 469
anemia response and, 17t ICP from, 548 systemic therapy, 467–468
aplastic anemia of, 64f laboratory examination for, 548 tumor growth rate, 465–466
biopsy of, 132f as metastatic, 557f Breast Cancer Prevention Trial (BCPT), 469
collection of, 390 blood-tumor barrier and, 557 Breast mass
differential cell counts of, 678t chemotherapy for, 558 abnormal mammogram and, 462
of erythroid hyperplasia, 17f, 64f frequency of, 557t benign, 463
examination of, 17 without known primary tumor, 557–558 diagnosis of, 462f
lymphoma in, 64f mechanisms of, 556–557 palpation of, 461–462
megaloblastic anemia and, 100–101, 101f radiation therapy for, 558 algorithm for, 461f
metastatic cancer in, 64f radiologic appearance of, 557 pregnancy and, 700, 726
myelofibrosis of, 62f surgery for, 558 in pregnant/lactating woman, 463
of myeloid hyperplasia, 17f, 64f tissue diagnosis needed for, 558 Breast self-examination (BSE), 340, 461
normal smear of, 17f, 64f treatment for, 558 recommendation on, 700, 725
radiation therapy and, 349 neuroimaging for, 548 Brief Pain Inventory, 404
stem cell proliferation in, 3 PET for, 548 Bronchial adenomas, 457
WM and, 214 progressive focal neurologic deficits from, Bronchial carcinoids
Bone marrow failure (BMF), PNH/AA and, 547 classification of, 585
125 seizures from, 548 prognosis of, 585
Bone marrow iron stores evaluation, iron treatment for, 548 Bronchioalveolar carcinoma (BAC), 441
laboratory studies as, 74–75 Brainstem encephalitis, 634 BSE. See Breast self-examination
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), 207 BRCA-1 gene mutation, 459 BU. See Bethesda units
736 Index

Budd-Chiari syndrome, 249 Cancer (Cont.): Cancer Genome Anatomy Project (CGAP),
Burkitt’s leukemia/lymphoma multistep process of, 7 293
clinical forms of, 198 oncogenes in, 289, 290t Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP),
diagnosis of, 198 pathologic staging for, 325 491
diffuse large B cell lymphoma v., 199 patient management and, 324–331 staging system for HCC, 491, 492t
EBV associated with, 185 diagnosis, 324 Cancer prevention, 332
in lymph node, 67f disease extent/prognosis, 324–325 education/healthful habits and, 332–334
peripheral blood smear of, 66f, 198f from polyps, 478 diet modification, 333–334
TLS and, 652 predisposition to, 694, 716 energy balance, 334
treatment of, 199 recurrence of, 328 physical activity, 333
Busulfan, 149, 390, 394 risk factor for, 321 smoking cessation, 332–333
pulmonary damage from, 654 smoking as, 332 sun avoidance, 334
side effects of, 359 self-renewal capacity’s similarity with, 7 surgery for, 337, 344
Butyrate, 83 seriousness of, 320–322 Cancer screening, 337
staging for accuracy of, 337–338
CA-125 clinical/pathological, 325 for asymptomatic normal-risk subjects, 339t
ovarian cancer elevation of, 531 information obtained from, 325 diagnostic test value, 338t
screening test limitation of, 531 stem cell organization of, 7 negative/positive predictive value of, 337
CAD. See Cold agglutinin disease supportive care for, 328–331 potential biases for
Calcitonin, for HHM, 625 death and dying and, 330–331 healthy volunteer effect, 338
CALGB. See Cancer and Leukemia Group B effusion management and, 329 lead-time bias, 338
Camptothecin, 361 end-of-life decisions and, 331 length-biased sampling, 338
Campylobacter jejuni, 185 nausea management and, 329 selection bias, 338
Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health nutrition management and, 330 potential drawbacks of, 338
Care, 339 pain management and, 328–329 for specific cancers, 339–341
Cancer psychosocial support and, 330 breast cancer, 340
in bone marrow, 64f survivorship issues from, 657 cervix cancer, 340
cell abnormalities in, 295–297 treatment plan design for, 326 colorectal cancer, 340
genetic lesions found in, 295–296 tumor burden and, 325 endometrial cancer, 341
characteristic features of, 294 tumor markers for, 327t lung cancer, 341
clonal origin/multistep nature of, viruses in, 292 ovarian cancer, 341
284–285 around the world, 323–324 prostate cancer, 341
colon carcinoma, 285f Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB), skin cancer, 341
malignancy development, 285f 174 specificity/sensitivity of, 337, 697, 721
death from, 321, 321f, 321t Cancer cell biology, 294 test assessment of, 339
tumor sites and, 323t aberrant survival pathways in, 305 Cancer stem cells, 441
women v. men, 322f therapeutic strategies for, 306f damaging/removing of, 344
disease management/treatment apoptosis and, 305–307 hematopoietic stem cells v., 309
complications of, 326–328 epigenetic modification and, initiation/progression of, 309f
reversible symptoms of, 326 302–305, 303f unlimited proliferative capacity of, 308
treatment response and, 326–328 gene transcription alteration in, 302–305 Cancer treatment, 343
epigenetic regulation of gene expression in, histone acetylases and, 303 biologic therapy and, 370–373
292 oncogenic pathway/treatment mechanism immune mediators/antitumor effects of,
gene expression/mutational profiling in, for, 300 371–373
292–293 p53 and, 296 biopsy for, 345
incidence of, 320–321, 321t phenotypic characteristics of, 295t chemotherapy and, 349–370
in racial/ethnic groups, 323t regulated death process and, 352, 353f acute complications of, 366–370
worldwide, 324f signal transduction pathways and, 297, 298f chemotherapeutic agents for, 353–364
late effects of, 658t tumor cell proliferation/survival from, drug action end points and, 349–351
consequences of, 661–662 304 drug overview/use, 351–352
drug toxicities/radiation therapy toxicity, survival/death mechanisms of, 352 targeted therapies, 364–366
658 therapeutic approaches to, 295–297, 310 gene therapy for, 373
organ system complications, 659–660 tyrosine kinases target, 300 goal of, 343
outlook on, 662 Cancer genetics, 284, 294 host immunity suppressed by, 371
second malignancies as, 660–661 cDNA array experiment and, 293f normal organs and, 343–344
surgery and, 658 classes of, 285 radiation therapy and, 346–349
long-term follow-up/late complications of, caretakers, 285 delivery of, 348–349
328, 657 two-hit hypothesis of, 285 physical properties/biologic effects of,
molecularly targeted agents for treatment future of, 293 346–348, 347f
of, 299t historical perspective of, 284 toxicity of, 349
Index 737

Cancer treatment (Cont.): Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) Cell-surface phenotyping, for lymphoid
surgery as, 344–346 (Cont.): malignancies, 186
diagnosis, 344–345 pathologic diagnosis of, 563–565 Cellulitis
prophylaxis, 344 immunohistochemical analysis and, cause of, 377
targeted agents v. chemotherapy agents, 352 563–564, 564t treatment for, 377
toxicity of, 343 light microscopy evaluation, 563 Census Bureau, U.S., 320
types of, 343 PET for, 563 Central nervous system (CNS)
Capecitabine, 315, 356t, 502 platinum-based chemotherapy for, 567 brain/vertebral metastases and, 547
Capnocytophaga canimorsus, 375 RT-PCR in, 565 chemotherapy toxicity and, 561
Carbamazepine, 204, 406, 548, 638 standard workup for, 562 infections of, 380
Carbon monoxide poisoning, 93 summary of, 567 brain masses as, 380
Carboplatin, 354t, 437, 456, 536 treatment for differential diagnosis for, 381t
γ-Carboxylation process, 243, 276 algorithm, 565f, 566f encephalitis as, 380
Carcinoid crisis, 587, 588 favorable subsets of, 566–567 meningitis as, 380
treatment for, 704, 730 general considerations of, 565–566 lymphoma of, 553–554
Carcinoid syndrome, 586 Carcinomatous meningitis, 558 primary, 553–554, 553f
atypical/typical type of, 586 Cardiac biomarkers, elevated, 256 secondary, 554
carcinoid tumors with, 584–585 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), 414 malignant primary tumors of, 547
carcinoid tumors without, 585 Cardiotoxicity, from chemotherapy, 360 metastases to, 689, 709
clinical features of, 586, 586t Cardiovascular system radiation necrosis of, 561
diarrhea, 586 dysfunction of, 689, 710 radiation therapy toxicity and, 560–561
flushes, 586 chronic constrictive pericarditis and, 659 Cephalosporin, 48
wheezing/asthma-like symptoms, 586 myocardial fibrosis and, 659 for AML, 173
diagnosis of, 587–588 pericardial effusion and, 659 Cerebellar degeneration
urinary 5HIAA levels, 587 infections in, 382 anti-Yo antibodies and, 636
life-threatening complication for, 587 CARET. See β-Carotene and Retinol treatment for, 636
pathobiology for, 586–587 Efficacy Trial Cerebellar gait/limb ataxia, 634
serotonin secretion and, 586 Carmustine, 354t, 390 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
treatment for, 588–589 Carney’s complex, 605 hydrocephalus from obstruction of, 559
chemotherapy, 589 β-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial malignant cells in, 548
Carcinoid tumors, 487, 584. See also (CARET), 335 reference range of, 676–677t
Neuroendocrine tumors Caspofungin, for AML, 173 Ceruloplasmin, 72
with carcinoid syndrome Castleman’s disease, 204 Cervical adenopathy
appendiceal, 584 Castrate metastatic disease evaluation algorithm for, 435f
characteristics of, 584 pain management for, 521 SCC presenting as, 566
gastric, 585 prostate cancer and, 521 Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), 536
rectal, 585 skeletal events during, 521 Cervix cancer, 536
small intestine, 584–585 Cataracts, from radiation exposure, 660 clinical presentation for, 537
without carcinoid syndrome, 585 Catheter-related infections, 378 etiology/genetics and, 536
chemotherapy for, 596 approach to, 379t HPV and, 536
diagnosis of, 587–588 Cauda equina syndrome, 647 incidence/epidemiology of, 536
urinary 5HIAA levels, 587 CBC. See Complete blood count Pap smears for, 340, 537
MEN1 and, 600 CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α prevention for, 537
radiotherapy for, 596 (C/EBPα), 166 screening for, 340, 537
with systemic symptoms, 585 CCC. See Cholangiocarcinoma staging of, 537, 538f
treatment for, 589, 596 CCI. See Corrected count increment survival rates for, 538f
gastrectomy for, 589 CCNU. See Lomustine treatment for, 537–538
Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP), CD. See Cluster designation Cetuximab (Erbitux), 299t, 485, 656
562 CDGIIc. See Congenital disorder of CGAP. See Cancer Genome Anatomy Project
biology of, 562–565 glycosylation IIc CGD. See Chronic granulomatous disease
clinical evaluation for, 562–563 CDKs. See Cyclin-dependent kinases CGH. See Comparative genomic
imaging studies role of, 563 C/EBPα. See CCAAT/enhancer-binding hybridization
serum tumor markers/cytogenetics and, protein α Chédiak-Higashi syndrome (CHS), 50, 51t,
563 CEL. See Chronic eosinophilic leukemia 394
as biopsy proven malignancy, 562 Cell cycle progression characteristic granules found in, 52f
chest x-rays for, 563 inhibition of, 300 peripheral blood smear of, 63f
cytokeratin markers in, 564f tumors and, 344 Cheilitis, 430
“global” regimens for, 567 Cell division Chemistry, laboratory units/measurements of,
histology in, 564t asymmetric, 3 666–672t
mammography for, 563 symmetric, 3 Chemokines, major groups of, 47
738 Index

Chemoprevention, 334, 696, 720 Chemotherapy (Cont.): Chronic constrictive pericarditis, 659
of breast cancer, 336 for multiple myeloma, 213 Chronic disseminated candidiasis, 379
of colon cancer, 335–336 for NSCLC, 455 Chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL), 154
for head/neck cancer, 437 for ovarian cancer, 533–534 Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), 50,
of prostate cancer, 336 initial/maintenance, 533 51t
of upper aerodigestive tract, 334–335 palliative/end-of-life care and, 350–351 Chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis. See
vaccines for, 337 partial/complete response of, 350 Idiopathic myelofibrosis
Chemoradiotherapy platinum-based, 536, 537, 566 Chronic inflammation, hypoproliferative
combined-modality, for SCLC, 456 for primary CNS lymphoma, 553 anemia and, 77–78
concomitant resistance to, 352 Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL), 182
for head/neck cancer, 435–436 risk-directed, 527–528 etiology of, 184
success of, 436 salvage, 528–529 evaluation of, 189, 695, 719
Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), 407 second-line, 567 genetic abnormalities of, 187
Chemotherapy, 343, 349 side effects of, 589 lymphoid disorders confused with, 183t
acute complications of, 366–370, 690, 710 spermatogenesis after, 529 peripheral blood smear of, 66f, 194f
diarrhea, 370 targeted agents v., 352 staging system for, 189, 189t
gonadal dysfunction/pregnancy, 370 targeted therapies for, 364–366, 365f Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), 154,
mucositis, 370 hematopoietic neoplasms, 364–366 175
myelosuppression, 366–369 solid tumors, 366 allogeneic stem cell transplant for,
nausea/vomiting, 369 thrombocytopenia from, 367 177, 395
for advanced GCTs, 527 toxicity of, 561 chromosomal translocation in, 291, 291f
alkylating agents for, 359 for uterine cancer, 536 clinical presentation of, 176–177, 692,
for AML, 171–172 vaccinations indicated in, 376t 713, 715
for anaplastic thyroid cancer, 577 Chest roentgenography, 257 chromosomal findings, 177
anemia from, 368 Chest x-ray hematologic findings, 176–177
for bladder cancer, 507–508 for CUP, 563 physical findings, 176
for brain metastasis, 558 for lymphadenopathy, 34 symptoms, 176
cancer caused by, 660–661 Cheyne-Stokes breathing, 416 definition of, 175
cancers curable with, 350t CHF. See Congestive heart failure etiology of, 175–176
for carcinoid syndrome, 589 Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, 662 Hasford system/Sokal index for, 177
for carcinoid tumors, 596 Chlamydophila psittaci, 185 incidence of, 175
cardiotoxicity from, 360 Chlorambucil, 196, 354t, 359 minimal residual disease and, 180–181
chemotherapeutic agents for, 353–364 for CLL, 194 pathophysiology of, 176
direct DNA-interactive agents, 353, for MALT lymphoma, 195 disease progression, 176
359–361 side effects of, 359 Ph in, 291
hormonal agents, 363–364 Chloramphenicol, 47, 130, 167 prognostic factors for, 177
indirect DNA-function effectors, Chlornaphazine, 504 treatment for, 177–181
361–362 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine, 48, 356t, 362 allogeneic SCT, 177–179
mitotic spindle inhibitors, 362–363 Chloroma, 169 autologous SCT, 180
chondrosarcoma resistance to, 544 Chloroquine, 167 blast crisis, 181
clinical syndromes produced by, 661 Chlorpromazine, 408, 411 chemotherapy, 180
for CML, 180 Cholangiocarcinoma (CCC), 497, 687, 707 IFN-α, 180
conventional dose regimens of, 349 predisposing factors for, 497 leukapheresis/splenectomy, 180
delivery of, 349 treatment for, 497 Chronic myeloid leukemia, 297
drug action end points and, 349–351 Cholecystectomy, 115 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for,
drug overview/use for, 351–352 Cholesterol, classification levels of, 676t 395–396
conventional, 351 Cholestyramine, 105 peripheral blood smear of, 66f
hormonal therapy, 351 Chondrosarcoma Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
MTD for, 351 bone sarcoma and, 544–545 (CMML), 139
targeted agents, 351 chemotherapy resistance of, 544 Chronic myeloproliferative disorders,WHO
therapeutic index, 351 diagnosis of, 544 classification of, 154–155, 154t
toxicity grading scale for, 351–352 histiologic variants of, 545 Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL), 154
for esophageal cancer, 474 CHOP. See Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, Chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia
fertility influenced by, 660 vincristine, prednisone (CNSHA), 118
for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, 539 Chromosomal instability (CIN), in tumor G6PD with, 119
for HCC, 495 cells, 292 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
for head/neck cancer, 435 Chromosomal translocations (COPD), 399, 692, 714
HUS related to, 654 in CML, 291, 291t CHS. See Chédiak-Higashi syndrome
for islet cell tumors, 601 of oligodendrogliomas, 552 Cidofovir, 656
for MTC, 604 oncogenes and, 290–291, 291t for herpes viruses, 385t
Index 739

Cigarette smoking, 334 Cobalamin deficiency Colorectal cancer (Cont.):


as addiction, 333 in adults/infants, 101–102 clinical features for, 482–484
bladder cancer and, 504 causes of, 101, 102t presenting symptoms, 482
cancer risk from, 332 congenital intrinsic factor deficiency/ staging/prognostic factors/spreading
cessation of, 332–333, 441 functional abnormality and, 103 patterns, 482–484, 483f
lung cancer and, 440 diagnosis of, 106 etiology/risk factors for, 478–479, 478t
CIN. See Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; cobalamin absorption, 107 diet and, 478–479
Chromosomal instability red cell folate, 107 hereditary factors/syndromes and, 479–480
Circulatory function tests, reference range of, serum cobalamin, 106 high risk conditions for, 480–481
680t serum folate, 107 streptococcus bovis bacteremia, 480
Cisplatin, 121, 329, 354t, 369, 435, 437, 456, serum methylmalonate/homocysteine, tobacco use, 480–481
495, 507, 528, 533, 536, 537, 544 106–107 IBD and, 480
delivery of, 359 food cobalamin malabsorption and, 103 incidence of, 477
toxicity of, 360, 561 gastrectomy and, 103 insulin resistance/fiber and, 479
Cisplatin, bleomycin, etoposide (BEP), 527 gastric causes of late effects/consequences of, 662
Cisplatin, ifosfamide, and vinblastine (VeIP), gastric biopsy, 102 polyps/molecular pathogenesis of, 478
for testicular cancer, 528 PA, 102 primary prevention for, 481
Cisplatin, methotrexate, and vinblastine serum antibodies, 102–103 reoccurrences of, 483
(CMV), 507 general tissue effects of, 99–100 screening for, 340, 481–482, 697, 721
Citalopram, 410 inadequate dietary intake and, 101–102 colonoscopy, 481
Cladribine, for WM, 215 intestinal causes of large-bowel cancer detection and,
Clear cell tumors, 508 drugs, 104 481–482
CLIP. See Cancer of the Liver Italian Program fish tapeworm infestation, 103–104 stage 1 of, 483
CLL. See Chronic lymphoid leukemia gluten-induced enteropathy, 104 stage II of, 483
Clonidine, 593 GVHD, 104 stage III of, 483
Clopidogrel, 691, 712–713 HIV infection, 104 stage IV of, 483
action mechanism of, 693, 715 ileal resection, 103 total surgical resection of, 484
for angina, 267 intestinal stagnant loop syndrome, 103 poor outcome predictors
Clostridium difficile-induced diarrhea, 380 radiotherapy, 104 for, 483f
Clotrimazole, 88 selective malabsorption of cobalamin treatment for, 484–485
Clotting factor assembly, 23 with proteinuria, 103 monoclonal antibodies, 485
Cluster designation (CD), 167 severe chronic pancreatitis, 104 radiation therapy, 484
CML. See Chronic myelogenous leukemia tropical sprue, 103 systemic therapy, 484–485
CMML. See Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 104 total surgical resection, 483f, 484
CMV. See Cisplatin, methotrexate, and juvenile pernicious anemia and, 103 COMMIT. See Community Intervention
vinblastine; Cytomegalovirus malabsorption of, 102t Trial for Smoking Cessation
CNL. See Chronic neutrophilic leukemia metabolism abnormalities and Communication
CNS. See Central nervous system acquired abnormality of cobalamin advance care planning and, 402
CNSHA. See Chronic nonspherocytic metabolism, 104 palliative/end-of-life care and, 400
hemolytic anemia congenital methylmalonic P-SPIKES procedure for, 400, 401t
Coagulation acidemia/aciduria, 104 Community Intervention Trial for Smoking
acquired inhibitors for, 244 congenital transcobalamin II Cessation (COMMIT), 333
cascade/clotting factor deficiency deficiency/abnormality, 104 Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH),
laboratory assessment of, 236f nitrous oxide inhalation, 104 290
factor activity for, 29f treatment of, 107–108 Compazine. See Prochlorperazine
inhibitors for, 235 Codeine, for pain intervention, 405 Complete blood count (CBC), 12
laboratory units/measurements of, Cold agglutinin disease (CAD), 123–124 Complete remission (CR), 170
664–666t Colloid cysts, 555 Complications, from cancer. See Late
TF initiation of, 23f Colonoscopy, 340, 687, 697, 707–708, 721 effects/complications from cancer
thrombogenesis and, 265f as colorectal cancer screening tool, 481 Compression ultrasonography
vitamin K as cofactor for, 685, 705 polyps and, 478 for DVT, 250
Coagulation disorders, 235, 701, 726 Colony-stimulating factors for thrombophlebitis, 630
diagnosis of, 701, 726 (CSFs), 42 Computed tomography (CT)
genetic/laboratory characteristics of, 236t Color serum, in hemoglobinemia, 68f of chest, 257, 257f
in liver disease, 243, 244t Colorectal cancer, 477 lung cancer screening and, 444–445
Cobalamin (Vitamin B12), 95 air-barium enema for, 482f for pheochromocytoma diagnosis, 611
absorption of, 96, 107 animal fats and, 478–479 Computerized Symptom Assessment
cobalamin-folate relation with, 99 annular/constricting adenocarcinoma as, Instrument, 399
dietary sources/requirements for, 95–96 482f Condensed Memorial Symptom Assessment
transportation of, 96 chemoprevention of, 335–336 Scale, 400
740 Index

Congenital disorder of glycosylation IIc Cutaneous T cell lymphoma, 200 DCIS. See Ductal carcinoma in situ
(CDGIIc), 49 CVP. See Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, DCP. See Des-γ-carboxy prothrombin
Congenital methylmalonic acidemia/aciduria, prednisone DDAVP. See 1-deamino-8-D-arginine
104 CXCL12, CXCR4 interaction with, 3 vasopressin
Congenital transcobalamin II deficiency, 104 CXCR4, CXCL12 interaction with, 3 D-dimer enzyme-linked immunosorbent
Congestive heart failure (CHF) Cyanocobalamin, 107 assay, 256, 694, 717
anthracycline-induced, 659 Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), 295 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin
from doxorubicin, 659 Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), 265 (DDAVP), 231, 238, 705
Conivaptan, 626 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 266, 336, 480 for hemophilia A, 238
Constipation Cyclophosphamide, 124, 135, 138, 354t, 390, Death
medication management for, 407t 391, 394, 504, 539, 545, 636 from cancer, 321, 321f, 321t, 330–331
in palliative/end-of-life care, 406–407 activation of, 359 women v. men, 322f
assessment for, 406 for allogeneic SCT preparation, 178 from heart disease, 321f
etiology of, 406 for TTP, 230 from infection, 374
frequency of, 406 Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, leading causes of, 398t
intervention for, 406–407 prednisone (CHOP), 191, 198 trends in site/location of, 399t
Coombs-negative AIHA, 123 Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, Decitabine, 141. See also 5-Deoxyazacytidine
COPD. See Chronic obstructive pulmonary dexamethasone, cytarabine, and Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), 25, 694, 717
disease methotrexate (HyperC-VAD), 196 clinical likelihood of, 254, 255t
Cord blood stem cells Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone compression ultrasonography for, 250
features of, 6 (CVP), 194 diagnosis of, 249–250
T cells in, 6 Cyclosporine, 48, 106, 135, 138 diagnostic imaging needed for, 255f
Core-needle biopsy, 345 Cyclosporine A, 126 differential diagnosis of, 255t
Corrected count increment (CCI), 147 CYP. See Cytochrome P450 imaging tests for, 258f
Cortical encephalitis, 634 Cystectomy, for bladder cancer, 506 integrated diagnostic approach to, 258
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), Cystoscopy, for benign prostate disease, 522 invasive diagnostic modalities for, 258
599 Cytarabine, 174, 559, 649 nonimaging diagnostic modalities
Cushing’s syndrome from, 626 for AML, 171–172 for, 256
Cowden’s disease, 605 for CML, 179 noninvasive imaging modalities for,
COX-1. See Cyclooxygenase-1 hematologic toxicity of, 172 256–258
COX-2. See Cyclooxygenase-2 toxicity of, 561 PE v., 253
CPR. See Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Cytochrome P450 (CYP), 267 post-thrombotic syndrome and, 252
CPT-II. See Irinotecan Cytogenetics risk factor for, 28
CR. See Complete remission CUP and, 563 signs/symptoms of, 249
Craniopharyngiomas, 555 in ET, 162 treatment for, 251–252, 258–259
Cremophor-containing vehicle, 363 in lymphoid malignancies, 188t primary therapy v. secondary prevention,
CRH. See Corticotropin-releasing hormone Cytokeratin markers, 698, 722 258
Crow-Fukase syndrome, 608 in CUP, 564f risk stratification, 258–259
presentation of, 608 subtypes of, 564 with VKA, 251t
systemic nature of, 608 Cytokines venous ultrasonography of, 257f
Cryptorchidism, 524 biologic therapy and, 372–373 Defensins, azurophil granules and, 43
CSF. See Cerebrospinal fluid skin side effects of, 378 Deferasirox, 93, 136
CSFs. See Colony-stimulating factors Cytomegalovirus (CMV), 146, 151, 393 Deferoxamine (Desferal), 93, 136
CT. See Computed tomography; Spiral Cytoreductive surgery Defibrotide, 391
computed tomography for NETs, 596 Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction
CTL. See Cytotoxic T lymphocytes for ovarian cancer, 533 (DHTR), 148
CTZ. See Chemoreceptor trigger zone Cytosine arabinoside (ara-C), 356t, Delirium
CUP. See Carcinoma of unknown primary 362, 654 medications for management of, 411t
Curative therapy, for melanoma, 428 Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), 297 in palliative/end-of-life care
Cushing’s syndrome, 585, 594 assessment for, 411
adrenocortical tumors and, 615, 617 Dacarbazine, 329, 354t etiology of, 410–411
cause of, 600 Daclizumab, 138 frequency of, 410
from CRH production, 626 Dactinomycin, 539 interventions for, 411–412
from ectopic ACTH production, 626–627 Danaparoid, for HIT, 228 Delirium Rating Scale, 411
clinical manifestations of, 626 Danazol, 160 Demeclocycline, 625
diagnosis of, 626–627 Dapsone, 121, 705 Denileukin diftitox, 358t
etiology of, 626 Darunavir, 717 5-Deoxyazacytidine, 88
treatment for, 627 Dasatinib (Sprycel), 180, 358t, 359, 364 Deoxycoformycin, 356t
Cutaneous anaplastic large T/null cell DAT. See Direct antiglobulin test Deoxycytidine analogue gemcitabine, 502
lymphoma, 201 Daunorubicin, 171, 355t Deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP), 98
Index 741

Depression Differentiation, of hematopoietic stem cells Docetaxel, 357t, 363, 437, 455, 467, 521
in palliative/end-of-life care (Cont.): Döhle bodies, 44
assessment for, 409–410 maturation steps for, 4 neutrophil band with, 44f
etiology of, 409 regulation of, 5f peripheral blood smear of, 63f
frequency of, 409 for SCLC, 623 Dolasetron (Anzemet), 369
interventions for, 410 Diffuse large B cell lymphoma, 197–198 Donath-Landsteiner antibodies, 123, 145
recognition/treatment of, 327 Burkitt’s lymphoma v., 199 Do-not-resuscitate (DNR), 415
Dermoid cysts, 555 diagnosis of, 197 Dorsal root ganglia, PND and, 632–633
Desferal. See Deferoxamine evaluation of, 197–198 Dorsal root ganglionopathy, characteristics for,
Des-γ-carboxy prothrombin in lymph node, 67f 637
(DCP), 492 peripheral blood smear of, 67f, 197f Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), 351
Desipramine, 327 presentation of, 197 Doxepin, 157
Desmoplastic melanoma, 423 treatment for, 198 Doxorubicin, 355t, 521, 534, 536, 543, 544,
Desmoteplase, 282 DiGeorge syndrome, 607 545
Dexamethasone, 210, 329, 406, 409, 548, 626, Digital rectal examination (DRE), 340 CHF from, 659
649, 687, 707 abnormal, 513 for HCC, 495
for increased ICP, 648 Dihydrorhodamine (DHR), 56 Doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and
for lung cancer, 454 Dilute Russell viper venom test dacarbazine (ABVD), 203
Dexrazoxane, 659 (dRVVT), 30 DRE. See Digital rectal examination
Dextroamphetamine, 409, 410 Dimethyl sulfoxide, 391 Drug-induced thrombocytopenia, 226–227,
DHR. See Dihydrorhodamine Diphenhydramine, 653 227t
DHTR. See Delayed hemolytic transfusion Diphenoxylate, 588 Drugs. See also Antiplatelet drugs;
reaction Dipyridamole, 267–268 Antithrombotic drugs; Fibrinolytic
Diabetes mellitus, 18 action mechanism of, 267, 268f drugs; Nonsteroidal anti-
islet cell tumors and, 601 indications for, 268 inflammatory drugs
megaloblastic anemia and, 108 side effects of, 268 therapeutic monitoring of, 672–675t
pancreatic cancer and, 499 Direct antiglobulin test (DAT), 148 dRVVT. See Dilute Russell viper venom test
PGA syndrome and, 607 Direct Coombs test, 148 DTIs. See Direct thrombin inhibitors
POEMS syndrome and, 215 Direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), 228 Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), 469
Dialysis Disease, hematopoietic stem cells influenced prognostic features of, 469
for HHM, 625 by, 4 Durable attorney, advance care planning and,
long-term, 106 Disease acceleration, 177 402
Diamond-Blackfan anemia, 137, 395 Disseminated CUP, management of, Durie-Salmon staging system, for multiple
Diapedesis, 46 566–567 myeloma, 212t
Diarrhea Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), dUTP. See Deoxyuridine triphosphate
carcinoid syndrome and, 586 226, 235, 240 DVT. See Deep vein thrombosis
as chemotherapy complication, 370 causes of, 240, 241t Dysfibrinogenemia, 31, 491, 509,
clostridium difficile-induced, 380 chronic, 242 696, 720
Diazoxide, for insulinomas, 591 chronic liver disease v., 701–702, 727 vitamin K deficiency and, 243
DIC. See Disseminated intravascular coagulation clinical manifestations of, 241–242 Dysgerminoma, 534
Diet diagnosis of, 242 Dyskeratosis congenita, 131
bleeding/thrombosis influenced by differential diagnosis of, 242 Dysphagia, 694, 717
supplements, 27 mechanism of, 241 as esophageal cancer clinical feature, 473
breast cancer and, 460 pathophysiology of, 241f Dysplastic nevi, 425
cancer prevention and, 333–334 protein C for, 243 Dyspnea
cobalamin from, 95–96 purpura fulminans and, 240 medication management for, 408t
colorectal cancer and, 478–479 treatment for, 242–243 in palliative/end-of-life care
animal fats and, 478–479 antifibrinolytic drugs and, 242–243 assessment for, 407–408
fiber and, 479 hemorrhagic symptom management, frequency of, 407
insulin resistance and, 479 242 intervention for, 408
head/neck cancer factors from, 438 inhibitor replacement, 242–243 PE and, 256
iron from, 72 Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT-1), 72 Dysproteinemia, 205
polyps from, 333 DLT. See Dose-limiting toxicity
Diethylstilbestrol, 519 DMT-1. See Divalent metal transporter 1 Early Lung Cancer Action Project (ELCAP),
Diferric transferrin, 70 DNA amplification, oncogenes and, 290 444
Differentiation DNA damage checkpoint, 296f Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
HA and, 111 DNA function (ECOG), 350
of hematopoietic stem cells, direct interactive agents for, 353, 359–361 Eaton-Lambert syndrome, 444
2, 3f, 4–5 indirect effectors of, 361–362 EBV. See Epstein-Barr virus
hierarchy of, 5f DNR. See Do-not-resuscitate EC. See Endothelial cells
742 Index

Echocardiography, 258 Endolymphatic sac tumors (ELSTs), 613 ERCP. See Endoscopic retrograde
normal value reference range of, 681t Endometrial cancer, screening for, 341 cholangiopancreatography
ECM. See Extracellular matrix Endometrium, proliferation of, 535 Erectile function, recovery of, 517
ECOG. See Eastern Cooperative Oncology Endoscopic fulguration, as esophageal cancer ERG. See Electroretinogram
Group treatment, 474 Erlotinib (Tarceva), 299t, 300, 358t,
Ectopic hormone production, 622 Endoscopic resection, for bladder cancer, 455, 485, 654
clinical manifestations of, 623 505 Erythema multiforme, 378
paraneoplastic syndromes caused by, 624t Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatog- Erythrocytosis, 628t
Ectopic vasopressin: tumor-associated SIADH raphy (ERCP), 500 causes of, 156
clinical manifestations of, 625 for pancreatic cancer, 501f complications of, 157
diagnosis of, 625 Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), 500, 594 etiology of, 628
etiology of, 625 Endothelial cells (EC), 310, 311f treatment of, 628
treatment of, 625–626 molecular determinants of, 312f Erythroid hyperplasia, bone marrow of,
Eculizumab, 126 Endotoxin, 47 17f, 64f
ED&C. See Electrodesiccation and curettage End-stage renal disease (ESRD), 217 Erythroleukemia, acute, peripheral blood
Edmonton Symptom Assessment System, 400 Enoxaparin, 259 smear of, 65f
EDTA. See Ethylenediamine tetraacetic Enteropancreatic tumors, as MEN1 Erythromelalgia, 157
Effusions, cancer supportive care for, 329 manifestation, 598 Erythron, red cell production by, 10
EGFR. See Epidermal growth factor receptor Enteropathy-type intestinal T cell lymphoma, Erythrophagocytosis, 122, 122f
EHE. See Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma 202 with aggressive lymphoma, 67f
ELCAP. See Early Lung Cancer Action Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Erythropoiesis
Project (ELISA), 106, 228, 256 critical elements of, 11
Electrocardiogram, 256 Eosinopenia, 55 HA and, 111
Electrodesiccation and curettage (ED&C), Eosinophil(s) ineffective, 18
430 distinctive features of, 54 iron-deficient, 73
Electrolyte toxicity, transfusion therapy and, function enhancing of, 54 suppression of, 78f
150 normal, peripheral blood smear of, 63f Erythropoietin (EPO), 10, 112
Electroretinogram (ERG), 639 normal morphology of, 45f anemia influenced by, 11, 11f
ELISA. See Enzyme-linked immunosorbent Eosinophilia, 54–55, 628t fundamental stimulus of, 11
assay etiology of, 629 half-clearance time of, 11
Elliptocytosis, peripheral blood smear of, 61f treatment for, 629 as hypoproliferative anemia treatment,
ELSTs. See Endolymphatic sac tumors Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, 55, 79–80
Embden-Meyerhof pathway, 19, 112f 690, 711 polycystic kidney disease and, 78
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, 545 Eosinophilic fasciitis, 131 as red cell production regulator,
Encephalitis Ependymomas, 552 10–11
brainstem, 634 Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Erythropoietin growth factor, 4
limbic, 632–633, 634, 634f 485 Escherichia coli bacteremia, papules related to,
predisposition for, 380 lung cancer mutations of, 300 377f
treatment for, 635–636 targeted therapy for, 455 Esophageal cancer, 472, 693–694, 716
Encephalomyelitis, 634 Epidermoid tumors, 555 clinical features of, 473
treatment for, 635–636 Epigenetic modification dysphagia, 473
Endocarditis, 122, 480 cancer cell transcription alterations and, diagnosis of, 473
bacterial, 105, 382 302–305, 303f incidence/etiology of, 472–473
Loeffler’s, 55 in cancer gene expression, 292 risk factors for, 473
streptococcus bovis, 686, 706 Epilepsy, treatment of, 548 as SCC/adenocarcinoma, 472
Endocrine dysfunction, 659 Epinephrine, 49 treatment for, 473–474
Endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes, 622 Epirubicin, 355t, 476, 536 chemotherapy, 474
ectopic hormone production and, 623 Epistaxis, 26 endoscopic fulguration, 474
etiology of, 622–623 Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE), radiation therapy, 474
cellular differentiation and, 623 497 ESRD. See End-stage renal disease
genetic rearrangements and, 623 EPO. See Erythropoietin Essential thrombocytosis (ET), 154
prevalence of, 622 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), 184 causes of, 161t
Endocrine syndromes, 444 Burkitt’s lymphoma associated with, clinical features of, 161
infections of, 382 185 clonal nature of, 161
Endocrine therapy, for breast cancer, Eptifibatide, 268–269, 269t complications of, 162
468, 468t for MI, 269 diagnosis of, 162
Endocrine/nutritional deficiencies ER. See Estrogen receptors etiology of, 161
hypometabolic state anemia and, 79 Erbitux. See Cetuximab nonrandom cytogenetic abnormalities in,
hypoproliferative anemia and, 77 ERCC1. See Excision-repair-cross 162
“End-of-Treatment Consultation Note,” 657 complementation group 1 treatment of, 162–163
Index 743

Estramustine phosphate, 358t, 521 Familial cancer syndromes (Cont.): Fibrinolytic system, 25
binding of, 363 genetic testing for, 288–289, 289f physiologic regulation of, 25
Estrogen receptors (ER), inhibition of, 305 HNPCC as, 287 regulation of, 279f
ET. See Essential thrombocytosis Familial hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), schematic diagram of, 25f
Ethiodol (Lipiodol), 492 121 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3),
Ethylene oxide, 167 Familial medullary thyroid carcinoma 505
Ethylenediamine tetraacetic (EDTA), 225 (FMTC), 601 Fibrolamellar HCC (FL-HCC), 496
Etidronate, for HHM, 625 genetic mutations associated with, 603 FIGO. See International Federation of
Etoposide, 171, 355t, 361, 369, 390, 456, 539, MEN2A and, 602 Gynecologists and Obstetricians
545, 656 Familial multiple coagulation deficiencies, Financial burdens, from palliative/
EUS. See Endoscopic ultrasound 240 end-of-life care, 412
Euthanasia, 415–416 Vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors frequency of, 412
definitions of, 415t and, 240 intervention for, 412–413
legal aspects of, 416 Family caregivers, in palliative/end-of-life Finasteride, 336, 522
practices of, 416 care, 413 Fine needle aspiration (FNA), 345, 570
Ewing’s sarcoma, 545 Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA), 412 for adrenocortical tumors, 618
aggressiveness of, 545 Fanconi’s anemia, 131, 208 for lymphadenopathy, 35
“onion peel” characteristic of, 545 FAP. See Familial adenomatous polyposis FISH. See Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Excisional biopsy, 345 Farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs), clinical Fish tapeworm infestation, 103–104
Excision-repair-cross complementation group 1 trials of, 301 FIX. See Factor IX deficiency
(ERCC1), 443 Fatigue, for palliative/end-of-life care Flavopiridol, 296
Existential needs, in palliative/end-of-life assessment for, 409 FL-HCC. See Fibrolamellar HCC
care, 413–414 etiology of, 408 FLIPI. See Follicular lymphoma-specific IPI
assessment for, 413 frequency of, 408 “Flower” cells, 200, 200f
frequency of, 413 intervention for, 409 Fluconazole, 384, 387, 393
interventions for, 413–414 FDA. See Food and Drug Administration Flucytosine, 47
External beam radiation therapy, 517 FDG-PET. See Positron emission tomography Fludarabine, 197, 357t, 362, 393
bowel complications from, 517 with 18F-fluoro-2deoxyglucose for CLL, 194
radiation dose for, 517 Febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet’s for WM, 215
Extracellular matrix (ECM), 207 syndrome), 377–378 Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH),
Extramedullary plasmacytoma, 210 diagnosis/treatment algorithm for, 383t 162, 171, 290
Extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma presentation of, 377 Fluoropyrimidine, 502
of MALT type. See MALT lymphoma treatment of, 378 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), 356t, 430, 435, 437,
Extranodal T/NK cell lymphoma of nasal Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction 468, 476, 484–485, 502, 503, 537
type, 201 (FNHTR), 148 adverse effects of, 362
Extrathoracic metastatic disease, 443 Fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), 340 delivery of, 362
Felty’s syndrome, 48–49 metabolism of, 362
FAB. See French-American-British Fertility Fluoxetine, 327, 410
Factor IX deficiency (FIX) (Hemophilia B), chemotherapy influence on, 660 Fluoxymesterone (Halotestin), 363
235, 701, 726 ovarian germ cell tumors and, 534 Flutamide, 364
alloantibodies and, 238 sexual/reproductive dysfunction withdrawal response of, 521
dosage/replacement therapy for, 238 and, 660 FMLA. See Family Medical Leave Act
unit dosage for, 237 testicular cancer and, 529 FMTC. See Familial medullary thyroid
Factor replacement therapy, for hemophilia, α-Fetoprotein (AFP), 492, 525 carcinoma
237 levels before/after orchiectomy, 526 FNA. See Fine needle aspiration
Factor VIII deficiency (FVIII) (Hemophilia A), FFP. See Fresh-frozen plasma FNH. See Focal nodular hyperplasia
235, 699, 723–724 FGFR3. See Fibroblast growth factor FNHTR. See Febrile nonhemolytic
alloantibodies and, 238 receptor 3 transfusion reaction
unit dosage for, 237 Fiber, colorectal cancer and, 479 FOBT. See Fecal occult blood testing
Factor XI deficiency (FXI), 235, 239 Fibrin clot formation, 23 Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), 498
clotting activity in, 239 arterial thrombosis and, 264 Folate, 96
formation of, 239 dissolution and, 24f absorption of, 96–97
prevalence of, 239 intrinsic/extrinsic pathway for, 23 biochemical functions
treatment for, 239 Fibrinolysis, PE and, 261 of, 97
Fallopian tube carcinoma, 535 Fibrinolytic drugs, 264, 279 biochemical reactions of, 97t
Famciclovir, for herpes viruses, 385t action mechanism of, 279–280 cobalamin-folate relation with,
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), 286 new agents of, 282 99
Familial cancer syndromes, 286–288 role of, 279 dietary, 96
adenomas and, 286 therapeutic monitoring of, in DNA synthesis, 98f
associated genes with, 287t 672–675t transportation of, 97
744 Index

Folate deficiency Fresh-frozen plasma (FFP), 145 Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), 590
anemia resulting from, 70 FSH/LH. See Follicle-stimulating Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumor
antifolate drugs and, 106 hormone/luteinizing hormone (GI NET)
causes of FTC. See Follicular thyroid cancer characteristics of, 579t
from malabsorption, 105–106 FTIs. See Farnesyltransferase inhibitors syndromes for, 579–580t
from nutrition, 104–105 5-FU. See 5-Fluorouracil tumor location and, 581t
congenital abnormalities of, 106 Furosemide, 626 WHO classification for, 582
diagnosis of, 106 Futile care, in palliative/end-of-life care, 415 Gastrointestinal polyposis syndromes,
cobalamin absorption, 106–107 FVIII. See Factor VIII deficiency hereditable, 479–480, 479t
red cell folate, 107 FXI. See Factor XI deficiency HNPCC, 480
serum cobalamin, 106 polyposis coli, 479–480
serum folate, 107 G6PD. See Glucose-6-phosphate Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), 474
serum methylmalonate/homocysteine, dehydrogenase deficiency imatinib targeting, 300
106–107 Gallbladder cancer (GB CA), 497–498 soft tissue sarcomas and, 541
excess utilization/loss cause of Gamma heavy chain disease (Franklin’s Gastrointestinal tests, reference range of,
congestive heart failure/liver disease, 106 disease), 215 680–681t
hematologic disorders, 105 Gamma rays, 347 Gastrointestinal tract cancer, 472, 699, 724
homocystinuria, 106 Gamma-carboxylase (GGCX), 240 See also Esophageal cancer
infant prematurity, 105 Ganciclovir, for herpes viruses, 385t Gastrointestinal tract infections
inflammatory conditions, 105–106 Gardner’s syndrome, 479, 499 clostridium difficile-induced diarrhea and,
long-term dialysis, 106 Gastrectomy 380
pregnancy, 105 for carcinoid tumors, 589 of esophagus, 379
general tissue effects of, 99–100 cobalamin deficiency and, 103 hepatic candidiasis and, 379–380
infancy/childhood and, 108 as gastric adenocarcinoma treatment, 476 of mouth, 378–379
treatment of, 108 Gastric acid hypersecretion, in gastrinoma, typhlitis as, 380
Folic acid, 99, 108 590 Gastroscopy, for gastric adenocarcinoma, 475
long-term therapy of, 108 Gastric adenocarcinoma, 474 Gaussian distribution, of hemoglobin
prophylactic, 108 clinical features of, 475 concentration, 11
Folinic acid (leucovorin) (5-Formyl-THF), spreading of, 475 GB CA. See Gallbladder cancer
106, 108, 484 diagnosis of, 475–477 GBM. See Glioblastoma multiforme
Follicle-stimulating hormone/luteinizing gastroscopy for, 475 G-CSF. See Granulocyte colony-stimulating
hormone (FSH/LH), 136 diffuse/intestinal type of, 474 factor
Follicular lymphoma, 196 etiology of, 474–475 GCTs. See Germ cell tumors
peripheral blood cell of, 67f nitrate converting bacteria and, GDNF. See Glial cell-derived neurotrophic
peripheral blood smear of, 196f 474–475, 475t factor
presentation for, 196 H. pylori and, 474 Gefitinib, 299t, 300, 358t, 649, 654
survival rate of, 197 incidence/epidemiology of, 474 Gemcitabine, 356t, 362, 496, 534
treatment for, 196–197 pathology of, 474 for soft tissue sarcoma, 543
Follicular lymphoma-specific IPI (FLIPI), 191 staging system for, 476t Gemcitabine, paclitaxel, and cisplatin (GTC),
Follicular thyroid cancer (FTC), 571 treatment for, 476–477 507
incidence of, 575 gastrectomy, 476 Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg), 175,
mortality rates and, 575 radiation therapy, 476 358t, 656
spreading of, 575 Gastric biopsy, 102 Gene therapy, 94
Fondaparinux, 251, 252, 259–260, 269, 273, Gastric cancer. See Gastrointestinal tract for cancer treatment, 373
274–275 cancer for sickle cell anemia, 88
action mechanism of, 270f, 275, 692, 714 Gastric carcinoids, 585 Genetics
characteristics of, 700, 725 Gastric (nonlymphoid) sarcoma, 477 adrenocortical tumors and, 617
for HIT, 228, 275 Gastrinoma, 590. See also Zollinger-Ellison breast cancer and, 288–289, 340, 459–460
LMWH v., 274t syndrome cervix cancer and, 536
pharmacology of, 275 diagnosis of, 590 familial cancer syndromes and, 287t
side effects of, 275 fasting gastrin and, 590 FMTC mutations and, 503
for VTE, 275 GERD and, 590 of head/neck cancer, 438
Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 167 hypothyroidism and, 590 of human hemoglobin, 82f, 83
5-Formyl-THF. See Folinic acid location of, 590 MEN1 and, 600
Foscarnet, for herpes viruses, 385t MEN1 and, 598 NETs and, 582, 583t
Franklin’s disease. See Gamma heavy chain presenting symptoms of, 590 ovarian cancer and, 531
disease PUD and, 590 pheochromocytoma and, 614–615
French-American-British (FAB) treatment of, 590–591 RCC and, 508–509
AML classification by, 167, 167t gastric acid hypersecretion and, 590 rearrangements of, 623
lymphoid malignancy classification by, 182 Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), 440 soft tissue sarcoma and, 541
Index 745

Genetics (Cont.): Glucocorticoids (Cont.): Granulocytes


testicular cancer and, 524 for SVCS, 643 mature, proliferation of, 4
testing for familial cancer syndromes, for Sweet’s syndrome, 378 normal, peripheral blood smear of,
288–289, 289f Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 62f
thyroid cancer and, 572–573 deficiency (G6PD), 12, 116–117 Granulocytic sarcoma, 169
uterine cancer and, 535 clinical manifestations of, 118–119 Granulocytopenic patients
Geranylgeranyl transferase-I (GGT-1), 301 CNSHA with, 119 infections in, 377, 378t
GERD. See Gastroesophageal reflux disease drugs/agents increasing risk of, 119t pulmonary infections and, 381
Germ cell tumors (GCTs), 524 epidemiology of, 118, 118f Granulocytosis, 628t
chemotherapy for, 527 genetic considerations for, 117–118 as asymptomatic, 629
extragonadal, 529 hemolysis-mediated, 685, 706 cause of, 629
IGCCCG classification for, 528t laboratory diagnosis for, 119–120 treatment not needed for, 629
isochromosome for, 524 peripheral blood smear of, 120f GRFomas
nonseminoma/seminoma subtypes of, treatment for, 120–121 characteristics of, 594
525–526 Glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), 121 commonality of, 594
staging/treatment for, 525t Glutathione reductase pathway, 19 median age for, 594
German Adrenocortical Cancer Registry, on Glutathione-S transferase T1 (GSTT1), 500 “Ground-glass” opacities (GGOs), 451
adrenocortical tumor staging, 618 Gluten-induced enteropathy, 104 Growth hormone-releasing hormone
Gerota’s facia, removal of, 509 Glycolytic enzyme abnormality, 116 (GHRH), 599
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, 538 Glycolytic pathway abnormality, 116 GRP. See Gastrin-releasing peptide
chemotherapy for, 539 Glycoprotein (GP), 265 GSHPx. See Glutathione peroxidase
clinical presentation for, 538–539 Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), 113 GSTT1. See Glutathione-S transferase T1
epidemiology of, 538 Gompertzian growth curve, for tumors, 344, GTC. See Gemcitabine, paclitaxel, and
hydatidiform moles and, 538, 539 344f cisplatin
pathology/etiology of, 538 Gonadal dysfunction, as chemotherapy Guillain-Barré syndrome, 638
treatment for, 539 complication, 370 GVHD. See Graft-versus-Host disease
Gfi-1 gene, absence of, 6 GP. See Glycoprotein GVL. See Graft-versus-leukemia
GGCX. See Gamma-carboxylase GPI. See Glycosylphosphatidylinositol GVT. See Graft-versus-tumor effect
GGOs. See “Ground-glass” opacities GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonists, 268–269 Gynecologic malignancies, 530. See also
GGT-1. See Geranylgeranyl transferase-I action mechanism of, 268–269 Cervix cancer; Fallopian tube
Ghrelin, 594 dosing for, 269 carcinoma; Gestational trophoblastic
GHRH. See Growth hormone-releasing features of, 269t neoplasia; Ovarian cancer; Uterine
hormone indications for, 269 cancer
GI NET. See Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine side effects of, 269 staging/survival in, 533t
tumor vWF and, 268 Gynecomastia, 520
Giant melanocytic nevus, 425 Graft failure hCG and, 627
Giant platelets, peripheral blood smear of, 62f hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
GISTs. See Gastrointestinal stromal tumors and, 393 HA. See Hemolytic anemia
Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia, 231 treatment of, 393 Hairy cell leukemia, 199
Gleason grading system, 516 Graft-versus-Host disease (GVHD), INF-α for, 372
for prostate cancer, 515 104, 149 Haldol. See Haloperidol
Gleevec. See Imatinib mesylate acute v. chronic, 392 Haloperidol (Haldol), 369, 407, 411
Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor clinical staging/grading of, 392t Halotestin. See Fluoxymesterone
(GDNF), 602 development/type of, 179 Hamartoma, 457
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), 549 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Hand-foot syndrome, 86
Gliomatosis cerebri, 551 and, 388–389, 392–393 Hapten, 121
Glucagon, 627 prevention of, 392 Haptocorrin (HC), 96
Glucagonoma Graft-versus-leukemia (GVL), 174 Hasford system, for CML, 177
diagnosis of, 592 Graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect, autologous Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, 577
MEN1 and, 599 stem cell transplant lack of, 389 HAV. See Hepatitis A virus
treatment for, 592 Granules HbF manipulation, 94
Glucagonoma syndrome, 599 azurophil/primary, 43 HbH disease, 91
Glucocorticoids, 48, 230, 406, 409, 697, 721 specific/secondary, 43 HBV. See Hepatitis B virus
for acute necrotizing myopathy, 638 Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor HC. See Haptocorrin
for AML, 174 (G-CSF), 4, 166, 389 HCC. See Hepatocellular carcinoma
for brain tumors, 548 administration of, 367 hCG. See Human chorionic
as hormonal agent, 363 guidelines for, 367, 368t gonadotropin
for IMF, 160 infections and, 385 HCV. See Hepatitis C virus
for paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, Granulocyte/monocyte disorders, types of, HE. See Hereditary elliptocytosis
636 50t H&E. See Hematoxylin and eosin
746 Index

Head/neck cancer, 438 Hematopoietic stem cell(s) (Cont.): Hemoglobin (Cont.):


cervical adenopathy evaluation algorithm healing capacity of, 7 human
for, 435f importance of, 2 developmental biology of, 83
chemoprevention for, 437 infection and, 383 genetics/biosynthesis of, 82f, 83
classification of, 435 life threatening potential of, 7 oxygen acquisition and, 82–83
clinical presentation/differential diagnosis microenvironment of, 3–4 oxygen affinity of, 83
of, 439–440 mobility of, 3 altered, 89
physical examination of, 434–435 potential fates of, 5 profile quantitation of, 84–85
dietary factors and, 438 recovery of, 3 structurally abnormal, 85–90
etiology/genetics of, 438 research on, 2 Hemoglobin disorders, 81
histopathology/carcinogenesis/molecular umbilical cord blood supplying, 6 Hemoglobin E (HbE), 92–93
biology of, 439 Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, 123, Hemoglobin properties, 81
mucosal surface and, 434 134–135, 388 globin genes of, 81, 82f
resected tumor specimens with, 434 5-year survival rate following, 394t hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve
incidence/epidemiology of, 438 bone marrow collection for, as, 82f
late effects/consequences of, 661 390–391 structure of, 81–82
TNM staging for, 436t categories of, 388–390 HbF/HbA2, 81
treatment for, 435–437 allogeneic, 389 quaternary, 81
chemotherapy, 435 autologous, 389–390 secondary, 81
complications of, 437 complications following, 391–394 tertiary, 81
concomitant chemoradiotherapy, chemoradiotoxicities, early direct, Hemoglobin synthesis (hypochromia), 11
435–436 391–392 α-Hemoglobin-stabilizing protein (AHSP),
localized disease, 435 chemoradiotoxicities, late direct, 83
locally/regionally advanced disease, 435 392 Hemoglobinemia, color serum in, 68f
for recurrent/metastatic disease, 437 graft failure, 393 Hemoglobinopathies
Hearing loss, 660 GVHD, 392–393 aplastic/hypoplastic crisis in, 94
Heavy chain disease, 215 infection, 393–394, 393t classification of, 83, 84t
alpha heavy chain disease, 215–216 engraftment and, 391 acquired, 84
gamma heavy chain disease, 215 GVHD and, 388–389 HPFH, 84
mu heavy chain disease, 216 liver dysfunction from, 659 structural, 83
α-Heavy chain disease, 487 for lymphoma, 396 thalassemias, 83
Heinz bodies, 58, 89, 702, 728 major syndromes complicating, 391f detection/characterization of, 84–85
peripheral blood smear of, 62f for MDS, 141, 396 electrophoretic assessment for, 85
Helicobacter pylori, 185, 194, 337, 499 for myeloma, 396 laboratory evaluation for, 85
aspirin and, 266 peripheral blood cell collection for, 391 epidemiology of, 84
gastric adenocarcinoma and, 474 for posttransplant relapse, 396 experimental therapies for, 94
ITP and, 228 preparative regimen for, 390–394 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for,
Hemangiopericytoma, 544 disease setting/marrow source 394–395
Hemarthroses, 27, 701, 726–727 influencing, 390 inheritance/ontogeny and, 84
prevalence of, 237 procedure of, 390–391 Hemolysis, 18
treatment for, 238 rejection risk of, 389 diseases/clinical situations with, 120t
Hematology, laboratory units/measurements for solid tumors, 396 extravascular, 123
of, 664–666t specific diseases treated by, 394–396 G6PD-mediated, 685, 706
Hematopoiesis, 10 AA, 394 HA v. compensated, 112–113
Hematopoietic neoplasms, targeted therapies hemoglobinopathies, 394–395 intravascular, 123
for, 364–366 malignant diseases, 395–396 Hemolytic anemia (HA), 110
Hematopoietic stem cell(s), 2, 388 nonmalignant diseases, 395 from abnormal membrane-cytoskeleton
cancer stem cells v., 309 umbilical cord blood used in, 388, 390 complex, 113, 113f
cardinal functions of, 2–3 Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), 17 acquired, 121
variable average life span of, 2–3 Hematuria, bladder cancer and, 505 from infection, 122
characteristics of, 699, 724 Heme-heme interaction, 82 from red cell mechanical destruction,
circulation of, 3 Hemicolectomy, 589 121
developmental biology of, 3 Hemoglobin from toxic agents/drugs, 121–122
distinct governing mechanisms of, 4 concentration of classification of, 111t, 695, 718
excess capacity of, 4 Gaussian distribution of, 11 clinical/laboratory features of, 110–111,
disease’s influence on, 4 pregnancy/age changes and, 13t 111t
experimental data on, 7 function of, 82–83 compensated hemolysis v., 112–113
functions of cooperativity/heme-heme enzyme abnormalities and, 116–117, 117t
differentiation, 2, 3f, 4–5 interaction, 82 erythropoietic bone marrow response of,
self-renewal, 2, 3f high-/low-affinity, 89 111
Index 747

Hemolytic anemia (HA) (Cont.): Heparin (Cont.): Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (Cont.):
inherited, 113 bivalirudin v., 276 stage I/II treatment for
jaundice and, 110 dosing of, 271 adjuvant therapy, 494
laboratory values for, 692, 714 limitations of, 271 liver transplantation, 494
pathophysiology of, 111–113 pharmacokinetic/biophysical, 271t local ablation strategies, 494
differentiation and, 111 LMWH v., 273t local injection therapy, 494
types of, 110 pharmacology of surgical excision, 494
Hemolytic disease, 19, 112 anticoagulation response of, 270–271 stage III/IV treatment for, 494–496
differential diagnosis of, 20 binding of, 270 experimental therapies, 495–496
Hemolytic disease of newborn. See Hydrops clearance of, 270 regional chemotherapy, 495
fetalis side effects of systemic chemotherapy, 495
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), 229, bleeding, 272 staging for, 491–492, 493
230–231 HIT, 272–273 therapy for, 496
ADAMTS13 activity and, 230, 231, 654 osteoporosis, 273 treatment for, 493–496, 695–696, 719
chemotherapy-related, 654 transaminases level elevation, 273 algorithm for, 493t
fatality rate of, 654 TFPI from, 270 Hepatosplenic γδ T cell lymphoma, 202
laboratory findings of, 653 Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), Hephaestin, 72
as oncologic emergency, 653–654 227–228, 260, 272–273, 691, 712 HER2/neu, breast cancer target and, 300
onset of, 653 argatroban for, 276 Herbicides, 167
pathologic lesion of, 653–654 features of, 272t Herceptin. See Trastuzumab
treatment for, 231, 654 fondaparinux and, 275 Hereditable gastrointestinal polyposis
Hemophilia, 236 laboratory testing for, 228 syndromes. See Gastrointestinal
antifibrinolytic drugs for, 238 lepirudin for, 275 polyposis syndromes, hereditable
bleeding and, 237 from LMWH, 274 Hereditary chronic pancreatitis, 499
HCV and, 239 management of, 272t Hereditary elliptocytosis (HE), 113, 115–116,
nontransfusion therapy in, 238 time course of, 227f 115t
pathogenesis/clinical manifestations of, treatment for, 228, 695, 718–719 peripheral blood smear of, 114f
236–237 Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, 234
treatment for, 237–239 thrombosis (HITT), 227 Hereditary neutropenia, Felty’s syndrome and,
complications of, 238–239 Hepatic candidiasis, 379–380 48–49
factor replacement therapy, 237 Hepatitis A virus (HAV), 150–151 Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer
general considerations for, 237 Hepatitis B virus (HBV), 150, 489, 694, 717 (HNPCC), 480, 499–500
Hemophilia A, 235, 685, 705. See also Hepatitis C virus (HCV), 150, 489, as familial cancer syndrome, 287, 696, 719
Factor VIII deficiency 701, 727 Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin
DDAVP for, 238 hemophilia treatment and, 239 (HPFH), 84, 93
genetic mutation for, 236 Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 489 Hereditary spherocytosis (HS), 113–115, 689,
Hemophilia B, 235. See also Factor IX age-adjusted incidence rates for, 489t 708
deficiency cirrhosis-associated, 490 clinical presentation/diagnosis of, 114–115
Hemoptysis clinical evaluation for, 496 variability of, 114
as oncologic emergency, 650 clinical features of, 490–491 family history for, 114–115
pulmonary hemorrhage and, 650 paraneoplastic syndromes, 491 peripheral blood smear of, 114f
recurrent, 650 physical signs, 491 splenectomy and, 115
treatment of, 650 clinical presentation of, 491 treatment of, 115
Hemorrhagic cystitis epidemiology of, 490 Hereditary thrombophilia, 248–249
development of, 656 etiologic factors of, 490 Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, 231
occurrence of, 656 chemical carcinogens, 490 Herpes virus, antiviral therapy for,
as oncologic emergency, 656 hepatitis, 490 385, 385t
treatment for, 656 history/physical examination of, 496 HHM. See Humoral hypercalcemia
Hemosiderin, 17 incidence of, 489–490, 685, 705 of malignancy
Hemostasis, normal steps of, 22–25 novel medical treatments for, 496t HIF. See Hypoxia-inducible factor
antithrombotic mechanisms and, 24–25 patient approach and, 492–493 High-affinity hemoglobins, 89
fibrin clot formation and, 23 history/physical, 492 diagnosis/management of, 89–90
fibrinolytic system and, 25 pathologic diagnosis, 492–493 High-grade astrocytoma, 551
platelet plug formation and, 22 radiology, 492 alternative treatment approach to, 551
Hemostatic disorders, primary, 26f serologic assays, 492 radiation therapy and, 551
Heparin, 242, 269–273, 630. See also presentation of, 496 High-pressure liquid chromatography
Low-molecular-weight heparin; randomized TACE clinical trials involving, (HPLC), 84
Unfractionated heparin 495t Hirschsprung’s disease, 288, 601, 602
action mechanism of, 269–270, 270f risk factors for, 490t, 685, 705 Hirudin, bivalirudin/argatroban v.,
anticoagulant effect monitoring of, 271 screening high-risk populations for, 493 275t
748 Index

Histone acetylases HPV. See Human papillomavirus Hyperplasia, 38


cancer cell biology and, 303 HRT. See Hormone replacement therapy MEN1 and, 598
permissive/inhibitory chromatin structure HS. See Hereditary spherocytosis Hypersensitivity reactions (HSR), to
and, 303 HSR. See Hypersensitivity reactions antineoplastic drugs, 656
HIT. See Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia HTLV-I. See Human T cell lymphotropic Hypersplenism, 38
HITT. See Heparin-induced virus type I Hypertension, 610
thrombocytopenia thrombosis Human antibody infusion reactions Hypertrophy, 38
HIV. See Human immunodeficiency virus as oncologic emergency, 653 Hyperuricemia,TLS and, 652
HIV-1. See Human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis of, 653 Hyperviscosity, 210
type 1 symptoms of, 653 Hypoaminoacidemia, 592
HLA. See Human leukocyte antigen Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), 525, Hypochondria, 35
HNPCC. See Hereditary nonpolyposis colon 627 Hypochromia. See Hemoglobin synthesis
cancer gynecomastia and, 627 Hypochromic, 57
Hodgkin’s disease, 202–204 levels before/after orchiectomy, 526 Hypochromic microcytic anemia of iron
Ann Arbor staging system for, 190t measurement of, 627, 693, 715 deficiency, 59f
classical type, 202–203 treatment for, 627 Hypoglycemia, 651
diagnosis of, 202 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 104 autoimmune insulin syndrome with, 608
evaluation of, 190 Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tumor-induced, by IGF-II production, 627
high cure rate of, 203 (HIV-1), 150 Hypometabolic state anemia
incidence of, 184–185 Human iron cycle, 70–72 from endocrine/nutritional deficiency, 79
late effects/consequences of, 661 distribution of, 71t from protein starvation, 79
NHL increased risk from, 660 exchange mechanism of, 71 Hyponatremia, ectopic vasopressin and, 625
nodular lymphocyte-predominant, major pathways of, 71f Hypophosphatemic oncogenic osteomalacia,
203–204 Human leukocyte antigen (HLA), 134 628
nodular sclerosing, 67f Human papillomavirus (HPV), 337, 438 treatment for, 628
peripheral blood smear of, 67f cervix cancer and, 536 Hypoplastic crisis, 94
presentation of, 202 Human T cell lymphotropic virus type I Hypoproliferation, 18
prognosis of, 696, 719–720 (HTLV-I), 151, 185 Hypoproliferative anemia, 18–19, 70, 77
staging evaluation for, 202 Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy from chronic inflammation, 77–78
treatment for, 202–203 (HHM), 623 diagnosis of, 78t
relapse after, 203 clinical manifestations of, 624 endocrine/nutritional deficiencies and, 77
side effects of, 203 diagnosis of, 624–625 marrow damage and, 77
Home Care Guide for Cancer: How to Care for treatment of, 625 renal disease and, 77, 78
Family and Friends at Home (American dialysis for, 625 treatment for, 79–80
College of Physicians), 330 excess calcium removal and, 625 EPO, 79–80
Homeobox “hox” genes, 6–7 tumor-mediated production and, 623 red cell transfusions, 79
Homocysteine, 106 HUS. See Familial hemolytic uremic Hyposplenism, from splenectomy, 40
Homocystinuria, 106 syndrome; Hemolytic uremic Hypothermia, transfusion therapy and, 150
Hormonal agent syndrome Hypothyroidism
for chemotherapy, 363–364 Hydatidiform moles, gestational trophoblastic antityroxine antibodies and, 608
glucocorticoids as, 363 neoplasia and, 538, 539 gastrinoma and, 590
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) Hydrocephalus, 559 Hypovolemia, 11
breast cancer and, 460–461 4-Hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, 389 Hypoxemia, 11
for prostate cancer, 520 Hydrops fetalis, 143 Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), 302
second malignancies caused by, 661 Hydroxocobalamin, 107 Hysterectomy, total, for ovarian cancer, 532
Horner’s syndrome, 443 Hydroxyurea, 88, 163, 356t
Horse antithymocyte globulin, 135 Hypercalcemia, paraneoplastic, 594, 651, 686, I system, 145
Hospice 706 IBD. See Inflammatory bowel disease
domains of, 399 HyperC-VAD. See Cyclophosphamide, IBIS-I. See International Breast Cancer
enrollment length in, 419 vincristine, doxorubicin, dexametha- Intervention Study
existential/social needs and, 400 sone, cytarabine, and methotrexate Ibuprofen, for pain intervention, 405
palliative care and, 399 Hypereosinophilic syndrome, 55 ICOPER. See International Cooperative
for terminally ill patients, 419 Hyperimmunoglobulin E-recurrent infection Pulmonary Embolism Registry
Howell-Jolly bodies, 13, 57, 702, 728 syndrome (Job’s syndrome), ICP. See Intracranial pressure
peripheral blood smear of, 14f, 61f 52t, 55 ICU. See Intensive care unit
Hox genes. See Homeobox “hox” genes Hyperleukocytosis, 649, 688, 709 Idarubicin, 171, 355t
HPFH. See Hereditary persistence of Hyperparathyroidism, 602. See also Primary Idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF), 154, 158, 692,
fetal hemoglobin hyperparathyroidism 694–695, 713, 717
HPLC. See High-pressure liquid treatment for, 605 clinical features of, 158–159
chromatography Hyperphosphatemia, 652 complications of, 159
Index 749

Idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF) (Cont.): Immunology, laboratory units/measurements Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colorectal
diagnosis of, 159 of, 666–672t cancer and, 480
disorders causing, 158t Immunomodulation, 150 Inflammatory disorders of vessel walls,
etiology of, 158 Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease 233–234
peripheral blood smear of, 158f (IPSID), 216, 487 Inherited disorders of platelet function, 231
risk stratification for, 160t Impotence, prostate cancer and, 516 treatment for, 231
treatment of, 159–160 Incisional biopsy, 345 Inherited disorders of vessel wall, 234
IFN-α. See Interferon-α Indomethacin, 593 Inherited thrombocytopenia, 229
Ifosfamide, 354t, 543, 544, 545 Infantile poikilocytosis, 121 Inhibitors
IGCCCG. See International Germ Cell Infection(s) clinical diagnosis of, 238
Cancer Consensus Group anemia from, 78 for coagulation, 235
IGF. See Insulin-like growth factor antibiotics for, 374 coagulation factors and, 244
IL-1. See Interleukin 1 brain masses as, 380 formation of, hemophilia treatment and,
IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4), in cancer patients, 374 238
53 antibacterial therapy for, 383–384 replacement of, 242–243
Ileal resection, cobalamin deficiency and, 103 antifungal therapy for, 384–385 INR. See International normalized ratio
Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec), 299t, 358t, 359, antiviral therapy for, 385 Insomnia, in palliative/end-of-life care
395, 487, 543, 649, 654, 698, 722 prevention of, 386–387 assessment for, 412
for allogeneic posttransplantation treatment for, 383–386 etiology of, 412
treatment, 179 catheter-related, 378 frequency of, 412
BCR-ABL target by, 297–300 approach to, 379t interventions for, 412
clinical studies on, 298–299 death from, 374 Institute of Medicine, 657
for CML, 177, 178t, 179–180 early antibiotics for, 374 Insulin resistance
IFN-α v., 181 encephalitis as, 380 by antibodies, 607–608
relapse during treatment with, 299 of esophagus, 379 colorectal cancer and, 479
resistance to, 179 G-CSF and, 385 Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)
side effects of, 179 in granulocytopenic patients, 377, 378t bioavailability of, 627
sunitinib v., 300 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation soft tissue sarcoma producing, 541
target/genetic proof of, 299–300, 364 complication as, 393–394, 393t tumor-induced hypoglycemia from
IMF. See Idiopathic myelofibrosis of lower gastrointestinal tract, 379–380 production of, 627
Imiquimod, for NMSC, 430 lymph node integrity and, 374 Insulinomas, 591, 594
Immune system meningitis as, 380 diagnosis of, 591
biologic therapy and, 371–373 of mouth, 378–379 MEN1 and, 599
cancer treatment suppression of, 371 as oncologic emergency, 654 suspicion for, 591
tumor avoidance of, 371 physical predisposition to, 374, 375t treatment of, 591
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), predisposition abnormalities for, 383 Intensive care unit (ICU), 400
228–229 hematopoietic system, 383 Interferon-α (IFN-α), 177, 180, 197, 208,
bleeding and, 228 lymphoid system, 383 409, 428
Helicobacter pylori and, 228 prevention of, 386–387 for hairy cell leukemia, 372
laboratory testing in, 228–229 antibiotic prophylaxis as, 387 imatinib v., 181
treatment of, 229 environmental effect on, 386 Interleukin 1 (IL-1), 77
hospitalization, 229 immunoglobulin replacement, 387 Internal tandem duplications (ITDs), 168
new drugs for, 229 physical measures for, 386–387 International Agency for Research on
splenectomy, 229 sexual practices and, 387 Cancer, 439
Immune tolerance induction (ITI), 239 vaccination as, 387 International Bone Marrow Transplant
Immunoglobulins specific cancers associated with, 375, 376t Registry, 388
allotypes of, 205 splenectomy and, 374–375, 702, 728 International Breast Cancer Intervention
idiotypes of, 205 system-specific syndromes and, 377–383 Study (IBIS-I), 336
isotypes of, 205 cardiovascular, 382 International Cooperative Pulmonary
Immunohistochemical analysis, CUP pathologic catheter-related, 378 Embolism Registry (ICOPER),
diagnosis and,563–564, 564t central nervous, 380, 381t 254
Immunologic syndromes, multiple endocrine endocrine, 382 International Federation of Gynecologists and
organs influenced by, 605–608 gastrointestinal tract, 378–380 Obstetricians (FIGO), 325
antibiotic insulin resistance, 607 musculoskeletal, 382 International Germ Cell Cancer Consensus
antithyroxine antibodies/hypothyroidism, pulmonary, 380–382 Group (IGCCCG), GCT classification
608 renal/ureteral, 383 by, 527
autoimmune insulin syndrome, 608 skin, 377–378 International normalized ratio (INR), 29,
Crow-Fukase syndrome, 608 Infection-induced thrombocytopenia, 630, 689, 709
PGA type I, 606 225–226 for argatroban, 276
PGA type II, 606–607 Inferior vena caval (IVC) filters, 261 for warfarin, 277
750 Index

International Prognostic Index (IPI) Iron metabolism, 70 Klinefelter’s syndrome, 524


for NHL, 190t exchange mechanism of, 71, 71f Knudson hypothesis, 286
survival relationship with, 191f iron cycle, in humans, 70–72 Kostmann’s syndrome, 395
International Scoring System, for MDS, 141, Iron reutilization, 77
141t Iron supply/storage Laboratory tests
International sensitivity index (ISI), 29, 277 bone marrow evaluation of, for hematology/coagulation, 664–666t
International System (SI) unit, for radiation 74–75 radiation-derived units from, 683t
therapy, 348 measurements of, 75t reference values for, 664
Intestinal obstruction tests for, 16 units/measurements in, 663
as oncologic emergency, 645 Prussian blue staining, 65f Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 148, 525
onset of, 645 Iron therapy levels before/after orchiectomy, 526
prognosis of, 645 oral, 76, 76t Lactic acidosis, 651
surgery for, 645 parenteral, 76–77 Lacunar cell, peripheral blood smear of, 67f
treatment for, 645 dose calculation for, 77 LAD. See Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
Intestinal stagnant loop syndrome, 103 Iron tolerance test, 76 Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
Intracranial pressure (ICP) Iron-deficiency anemia, 19, 695, 718 (LEMS), 631
from brain tumors, 548 as iron deficiency stage, 73 Laminectomy, for spinal cord compression,
increase of normal red blood cells v., 59f 647
as oncologic emergency, 648 severe, peripheral blood smear of, Laminin, 43
signs/symptoms of, 648 14f Lamotrigine, 406
treatment for, 648 treatment for, 75–777 Lanreotide, 592
Intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy, 533 oral iron therapy, 76, 76t LAP. See Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase
Iodine 131 parenteral iron therapy, 76–77 Large cell carcinoma, 439
ablation, 576 red cell transfusion, 76 Large granular lymphocytes (LGLs), 48, 58
for thyroid cancer, 348 Iron-deficient erythropoiesis, 73 Large-bowel cancer detection, screening and,
Ionization, 347 ISI. See International sensitivity index 481–482
IP. See Intraperitoneal chemotherapy Islet cell adenoma, 485–486 Late effects/complications from cancer, 659
IPEX syndrome, 607 Islet cell tumors, 581 cardiovascular system and, 659,
IPI. See International Prognostic Index diabetes mellitus and, 601 689, 710
IPSID. See Immunoproliferative small diagnosis of, 599 consequences of, 661–662
intestinal disease treatment for, 601 acute leukemia, 661
IRAK4. See IL-1 receptor-associated chemotherapy for, 601 breast cancer, 661–662
kinase 4 ITDs. See Internal tandem duplications colorectal cancer, 662
Irinotecan (CPT-II), 355t, 476, ITI. See Immune tolerance induction head/neck cancer, 661
484–485, 649 ITP. See Immune thrombocytopenic Hodgkin’s disease, 661
Iron purpura NHL, 661
absorption of, 72–73 IVC. See Inferior vena caval filters pediatric cancers, 661
from diet, 72 prostate cancer, 662
distribution of, 71t JAK kinase, 155 SCT, 661
half-clearance time of, 71 Jaundice, 686, 707 testicular cancer, 662
laboratory studies of, 74–75 HA and, 110 outlook on, 662
bone marrow iron store evaluation, 74 JCAHO. See Joint Commission on the second malignancies as, 660–661
serum ferritin, 74 Accreditation of Health Care from chemotherapy, 660–661
serum iron/TIBC, 74 Organization from HRT, 661
overload of, from transfusion therapy, 150 Job’s syndrome. See Hyperimmunoglobulin from primary cancer, 660–661
red blood cell content of, 71 E-recurrent infection syndrome from radiation therapy, 660–661
role of, 70 Joint Commission on the Accreditation of L-carnitine, 409
supplements for, 72 Health Care Organization (JCAHO), LCR. See Locus control region
as toxic, 70 404 LCs. See Light chains
Iron deficiency Juvenile pernicious anemia, 103 LDH. See Lactate dehydrogenase
causes of, 73, 74t Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma, 549 Lead poisoning, stippled red blood cells in, 62f
clinical presentation of, 73–74 Lead-time bias, 338, 690, 712
differential diagnosis for, 75 Kaposi’s sarcoma, 431, 541 Left upper quadrant (LUQ), 35
laboratory studies of, 73f Karnofsky performance index, 325, Leiomyomas, as benign small intestine
prevalence of, 73 325t, 507, 550 tumors, 486
stages of, 73 Kearns-Sayre syndrome, 607 Leiomyosarcoma, 487
iron-deficiency anemia, 73 Keratoacanthoma, skin lesion of, 429f LEMS. See Lambert-Eaton myasthenic
iron-deficient erythropoiesis, 73 Ketoconazole, 627 syndrome
negative iron balance, 73 Ketorolac, 88 Lenalidomide, 141
Iron dextran, 77 Kidd antigens, 145 for multiple myeloma, 213
Index 751

Length-biased sampling, 338, 690–691, 712 Living wills, as advance care planning Lung cancer (Cont.):
Lentigo maligna melanoma, 422–423, 423f document, 402 limited/extensive-stage disease and, 445
Lepirudin, 275–276 LMWH. See Low-molecular-weight heparin metastatic pulmonary tumors and, 457–458
for HIT, 228, 275 Lobectomy, for thyroid cancer, 575 pathology of, 439–440
Leptomeningeal lymphoma, 554 Locus control region (LCR), 83 treatment based on, 440
Leptomeningeal metastases, 558–559, 559t Loeffler’s endocarditis, 55 prevention of, 456
clinical features of, 558–559 LOH. See Loss of heterozygosity screening for, 341, 444–445
laboratory/imaging evaluation for, 559 Lomustine (CCNU), 354t, 551 staging for, 445
treatment for, 559 Loperamide, 588, 593 lymph node stations for, 448f
Lethal midline granuloma, 201 Lorazepam (Ativan), 369, 407, 412 NSCLC, 445
Leucovorin (LV), 485, 544. See also Folinic Loss of heterozygosity (LOH), 286 SCLC, 445
acid Low-affinity hemoglobins, 89 staging procedures for, 445–448
Leukapheresis, for CML, 180 Low-grade astrocytoma, 550 CT/chest radiographs, 445–446
Leukemic meningitis, 559 median overall survival rate of, 550 false negatives, 445
Leukemoid reaction, 49 Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), physiologic staging and, 449
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD), 49, 51t 31, 227, 259, 269, 273–274 for pretreatment, 447t
Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP), 155 action mechanism of, 270f, 273 TNM staging system for, 446t
Leukocytostasis, pulmonary/intracerebral, contraindication for, 689, 710 treatment of, 449–456, 450t
649–650 dosing of, 274 NSCLC, 451–455
frequency of, 649 for DVT, 251 SCLC, 455–456
presentation of, 650 fondaparinux v., 274t SPN/“ground-glass” capacity, 449–451
treatment for, 650 heparin v., 273t stage occult/o, 449
Leukoerythroblastosis, 142 monitoring of, 274 Lung neoplasms, benign, 456–457
Leviractam, 548 pharmacology of, 273 Lung scanning, 257–258
Levothyroxine, 575 bioavailability of, 273 Lupus anticoagulants, 30, 691, 712
Lewis system, 144 clearance of, 273 LUQ. See Left upper quadrant
LGLs. See Large granular lymphocytes side effects of, 274 Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
Lhermitte’s syndrome, 203, 646 bleeding, 274 (LHRH), 364
LHRH. See Luteinizing hormone-releasing HIT, 274 LV. See Leucovorin
hormone osteoporosis, 274 Lymph nodes
Lidamidine, 593 use of, 691, 712 biopsy indications of, 35
Life-sustaining treatment L-phenylalanine mustard, 213 Burkitt’s syndrome in, 67f
terminal extubation/weaning of, 414 Lung cancer, 439 diffuse large B cell lymphoma in, 67f
withdrawing/withholding of, 414–415 biology/molecular pathogenesis, 441–443 infection from integrity of, 374
legal aspects of, 414 dominant oncogene activation, 441–442 for lung cancer staging, 448f
practices of, 414–415 molecular abnormalities, 442–443 non superficial presentations of, 34
Li-Fraumeni syndrome, 541, 617 molecular profile survival/response regional draining of, to testis, 525
Light chains (LCs), 217 prediction, 443 RPLND of, 526
in AL amyloidosis, 220 tumor-suppressor gene inactivation, 442 sampling of, 345
Limbic encephalitis, 632–633, 634, 634f bronchial adenomas and, 457 size/texture of, 35
Limited-stage disease, lung cancer and, 445 carcinoid/neuroendocrine tumors and, 457 Lymphadenopathy, 32, 192, 702,
Lipiodol, 492. See also Ethiodol cigarette smoking and, 440 728
Lipomas, as benign small intestine tumors, clinical manifestations of, 443–444 clinical assessment for, 32–34
486 Eaton-Lambert syndrome, 444 medical history for, 32–33
Liposomal amphotericin, for AML, 173 endocrine syndromes, 444 physical examination for, 33
Lithium, 593 extrathoracic metastatic disease, 443 diseases associated with, 33t
Liver disease Horner’s syndrome, 443 laboratory investigation for, 34–35
anemia in, 79 neurologic-myopathic syndromes, 444 chest x-ray, 34
coagulation disorders associated Pancoast’s syndrome, 443 fine needle aspiration, 35
with, 243 paraneoplastic syndromes, 443 ultrasonography, 34–35
DIC v., 701–702, 727 skeletal-connective tissue syndromes, 444 management of, 702, 728
hemostasis/coagulation disorders and, 244 SVCS, 443 Lymphoblastic leukemia, acute, peripheral
Liver dysfunction, 659 diagnosis for, 444–445 blood smear of, 66f
Liver transplantation establishment of, 445 Lymphocytes. See also Large granular
for HCC, 494 EGFR mutations of, 300 lymphocytes
for NETs, 596 etiology of, 441 reactive, 58
Liver tumors frequency/incidence/survival rates of, 440t Lymphoid cells
benign, 498 hamartomas and, 457 infection and, 383
metastatic, 498 incidence of, 439 macrophage interaction with, 54f
presence/effect of, 595f inherited predisposition to, 442 proliferation of, 4
752 Index

Lymphoid disorders, chronic lymphoid Malignant spinal cord compression (MSCC), Medulloblastomas, 552–553
leukemia confused with, 183t 559, 699, 724. See also Spinal cord Megakaryocytes, 161
Lymphoid leukemia, chronic. See Chronic compression Megaloblastic anemia, 95
lymphoid leukemia MALT lymphoma, 194–195 biochemical basis of, 98–99
Lymphoid malignancies diagnosis of, 195 causes of, 95, 95t
approach to patient with, 188–191 evaluation of, 195 clinical features of, 99–100
initial evaluation and, 188–189 genetic types of, 195 cardiovascular disease, 99–100
B cell differentiation and, 186–187, 187f occurrence of, 195 epithelial surfaces, 99
biology of, 182–184 treatment of, 195 malignancy, 100
cell-surface phenotyping and, 186 Mammography, 340 neurologic manifestations, 100
clinical features/treatment/prognosis of, abnormal, 462–463 NTDs, 99
191–204 algorithm for, 462f pregnancy complications, 99
cytogenetic translocation/oncogenes in, cyst management algorithm, 462 hematologic findings of, 100–101
188t for CUP, 563 bone marrow, 100–101, 101f
diseases increasing risk of, 186t diagnostic v. screening, 462 chromosomes, 101
gene profiling and, 188 nonpalpable lesion and, 462 hemopoiesis, ineffective, 101
general aspects of, 184–191 Mantle cell lymphoma, 195–196 not due to cobalamin/folate deficiency, 108
etiology/epidemiology of, 184–186 diagnosis of, 195 diabetes mellitus and, 108
immunology of, 186–188 presentation of, 195 peripheral blood smear of, 101f
relative frequency of, 184f treatment for, 196 treatment for, 107
infectious agents associated with, 185t MAO. See Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Megaloblastic erythropoiesis, peripheral blood
lymphoma like disorders and, 204 MAP. See Mitogen-activated protein smear of, 65f
recurring genetic abnormalities and, Marrow damage, hypoproliferative anemia Megestrol, adrenal insufficiency from, 652
186–187 and, 77 Melanoma, 422
T cell differentiation and, 187, 188t Marrow myelofibrosis, 62f “ABCD rules” for, 426
WHO classification of, 182–184, 183t Maximal tolerated dose (MTD), 351 acral lentiginous, 423
Lymphoma MCFD2. See Multiple coagulation factor atypical moles v. benign acquired
of bone marrow, 64f deficiency 2 nevi, 426t
erythrophagocytosis with, 67f MCH. See Mean cell hemoglobin biopsy of, 426–427
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for, MCHC. See Mean concentration of clinical characteristics of, 422–423
396 hemoglobin per volume of red cells; clinical features of, 424t
primary CNS, 553–554, 553f Mean corpuscular hemoglobin cutaneous precursors for, 427t
secondary CNS, 554 concentration desmoplastic, 423
as small intestine tumors, 486–487 McLeod phenotype, 145 differential diagnosis of, 426
carcinoid tumors as, 487 MCV. See Mean cell volume; Mean epidemiology of, 422
leiomyosarcoma as, 487 corpuscular volume lentigo maligna, 422–423, 423f
of thyroid, 577 M.D.Anderson Symptom Assessment lifetime risk of, 426
Lymphomatoid papulosis, 204 Inventory, 400 management of, 424–426
Lymphomatous meningitis, 559 MDR. See Multidrug resistance precursor lesions and, 425–426
Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, 199 MDS. See Myelodysplasia from moles, 426
Lynch syndrome, 535, 660, 719 M/E ratio. See Myeloid/erythroid ratio natural history of, 424
Lys-plasminogen, 280 Mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), 12 nodular, 423, 423f
Mean cell volume (MCV), 12 pigmented lesions and, 427t
M component. See Monoclonal component Mean concentration of hemoglobin per prognostic factors for, 423–424
Macrocytosis, 13 volume of red cells (MCHC), 12 5-year survival rate, 425t
peripheral blood smear of, 14f, 59f Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration anatomic invasion and, 424
Macrophage (MCHC), 114 by staging/thickness, 425t
immune response and, 53 Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), 57 risk factors for, 423t
lymphoid cell interactions with, 54f Mechlorethamine, 329, 354t, 369 staging for, 425t, 427
role of, 53 Mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, superficial spreading, 422, 423f
types of, 53 and prednisone (MOPP), 203 treatment for, 427–428
MAG. See Myelin-associated glycoprotein Mediastinoscopy, 448 adjuvant therapy, 428
Magnetic resonance (MR), 258, 500 Medical history, for lymphadenopathy, 32–33 curative therapy, 428
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatogra- Mediterranean lymphoma, 487 metastatic disease, 428
phy (MRCP), 500 Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), 572, 577 SLNB, 427–428
Malignant biliary obstruction chemotherapy for, 604 surgical management, 427
as oncologic emergency, 645–646 management of, 577 Melphalan, 354t, 390, 428
treatment for, 646 patient screening for, 603 for AL amyloidosis, 221
tumors causing, 646 pheochromocytoma and, 613 for multiple myeloma, 213
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 544 thyroidectomy for, 603, 604 side effects of, 359
Index 753

Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale Methotrexate, 19, 108, 356t, 361, 437, 468, Monoclonal component (M component)
(MSAS), 399 539, 544, 559, 717 (Cont.):
MEN. See Multiple endocrine neoplasia adverse reactions of, 361–362 of serum electrophoresis, 206
MEN1. See Multiple endocrine neoplasia clearance/dosage of, 361 as tumor marker, 206
type 1 pulmonary damage from, 654 Monoclonal gammopathies, 205
MEN-1 gene mutations, 584 Methoxypsoralen, 167 malignant, 638
MEN1 development from, 600 Methyldopa, 122 Monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain
schematic depictions of, 600f Methylene blue, 90, 121 significance (MGUS), 210, 220
MEN2. See Multiple endocrine neoplasia Methylfolate trap, 99 diagnostic criteria for, 210, 210t
type 2 Methylmalonic acid (MMA), 100 Monocyte/granulocyte disorders
MEN2A. See Multiple endocrine neoplasia Methylphenidate, 409, 410 laboratory diagnosis/management of,
type 2A Methylprednisolone, 135 55–56
MEN2B. See Multiple endocrine neoplasia 5-MethylTHF (5-MTHF), 96 oral hygiene and, 56
type 2B Metoclopramide (Reglan), 329, 369, 407, 593 types of, 50t
Meningeal carcinomatosis, 558 Metyrapone, 619, 627 Monocytes, normal, peripheral blood smear
Meningiomas, 554f MGUS. See Monoclonal gammopathy of, 63f
epidemiology of, 554 of uncertain significance Monocytoid B cell lymphoma, 199
surgery for, 554 MI. See Myocardial infarction Monoferric transferrin, 70
treatment for, 554 Microcytic anemia, diagnosis of, 75f Mononuclear phagocytes, 53
Meningitis. See also Neoplastic meningitis Microcytosis, 13 disorders of, 53–54
predisposition for, 380 Microenvironment, of hematopoietic stem viral infections impairment of, 53–54
presentation of, 380 cells, 3–4 MOPP. See Mechlorethamine, vincristine,
Menorrhagia, 26 Microsatellite, 287 procarbazine, and prednisone
Meperidine, 87 in normal/tumor tissue, 288f Morphine, 87, 415
6-Mercaptopurine, 356t Microspherocytes, 686, 706 for pain intervention, 405
Mercaptoethanesulfonate (MESNA), 391 Microtubules MR. See Magnetic resonance
Merkel cell carcinoma, 431 composition of, 362–363 MRCP. See Magnetic resonance
MESNA. See Mercaptoethanesulfonate toxicity of, 363 cholangiopancreatography
Metabolic disorders of vessel wall, 233–234 Midazolam, 412 MSAS. See Memorial Symptom Assessment
Metastasis Midline carcinoma of uncertain histogenesis, Scale
bladder cancer treatment and, 507 529 MSCC. See Malignant spinal cord
bone and, 307, 692, 713 Midodrine, for AL amyloidosis, 222 compression
pain from, 545, 685, 705 Minimal residual disease, for CML, 180–181 MTC. See Medullary thyroid cancer
treatment for, 545–546 Mini-Mental Status Examination, 411 MTD. See Maximal tolerated dose
of brain, 556–558, 557f Mirtazapine, 410, 412 5-MTHF. See 5-MethylTHF
blood-tumor barrier and, 557 Mismatch repair (MMR), 307 Mu heavy chain disease, 216
chemotherapy for, 558 Mithramycin, for HHM, 625 Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
evaluation of, 557 Mitogen-activated protein (MAP), 301 lymphoma, 195
frequency of, 557t Mitomycin C, 355t, 360–361, 653 Mucositis, as chemotherapy complication, 370
without known primary tumor, 557–558 Mitotane, 364 Multidrug resistance (MDR), 307
radiation therapy for, 558 mechanism of, 618 Multiple coagulation factor deficiency 2
radiologic appearance of, 557 Mitoxantrone, 355t, 361, 659 (MCFD2), 240
surgery for, 558 for pain palliation, 521 Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), 597
tissue diagnosis needed for, 558 Mixed lineage leukemia (MLL), 100 disease associated with, 597t
treatment of, 558 MLL. See Mixed lineage leukemia endocrine organs affected by, 597
of breast cancer, 556 MMA. See Methylmalonic acid screening for, 599
to CNS, 688, 709 MMR. See Mismatch repair Multiple endocrine neoplasia type
of liver, presence/effect of, 595f MMS. See Mohs micrographic surgery 1 (MEN1), 598
oncogene signaling pathways for, 308f MNSsU system, 145 adrenal cortical tumors and, 600
phenotype for, 307 Modafinil, 409 age onset of, 598f
process of, 307 Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), 430 carcinoid tumors and, 600
prostate cancer as Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, 410 clinical manifestations of, 598–599
castrate, 521 Monoclonal antibodies diagnosis of, 704, 730
noncastrate, 519–521 as colorectal cancer treatment, 485 enteropancreatic tumors and, 598
risk determination/therapeutic strategies to EGFR, 436 gastrinoma and, 598
for, 307–308 radionuclides/radioimmunotherapy and, genetic considerations for, 600
surgery and, 346 348 glucagonoma and, 599
Methadone, 406 Monoclonal component (M component) hyperplasia and, 598
Methemoglobinemia, 89, 93 multiple myeloma and, 211 insulinomas and, 599
diagnosis/management of, 89–90 nature of, 206 manifestations of, 598
754 Index

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type (Cont.): Mycosis fungoides National Center for Biotechnology
pituitary tumors and, 599–600 evaluation of, 200 Information, 292
treatment for, 600–601 skin lesion of, 429f National Family Caregivers Association, 413
hyperparathyroidism, 600–601 treatment of, 200 National Hospice and Palliative Care
tumor-suppressor gene for, 598 Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), 214 Organization, 403
unusual manifestation of, 600 Myelitis, 634 National Institutes of Health Consensus
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 Myelocyte, 43 Conference, 531
(MEN2), 601, 615f Myelodysplasia (MDS), 128, 138, 138f, 661 National Institutes of Health Women’s Health
clinical manifestations of, 601 clinical features of, 140 Initiative, U.S., 333
genetic considerations for, 602–603 definition of, 138–139 National Marrow Donor Program, 309
naturally occurring, 602 differential diagnosis of, 140 National Research Council, 647
uncommon mutations, 602–603 epidemiology of, 139 Natural killer (NK), 6, 185
pentagastrin test for, 604 etiology/pathophysiology of, 139–140 Nausea
screening for, 603–604 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for, cancer supportive care for, 329
thyroidectomy for, 604 141, 396 as chemotherapy complication, 369
treatment for, 603–605 laboratory studies for, 140 in palliative/end-of-life care
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A blood, 140 etiology of, 407
(MEN2A), 601, 612 bone marrow, 140 frequency of, 407
common subvariant of, 602 prognosis of, 140–141 intervention for, 407
FMTC and, 602 treatment for, 141–142 NBT. See Nitroblue tetrazolium
pheochromocytoma and, 602 WHO classification of, 139t N-cadherin, 4
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B Myelofibrosis, 17, 142, 159 Neck cancer. See Head/neck cancer
(MEN2B), 612 of bone marrow, 62f Necrosis, 352
pheochromocytoma and, 602 chronic idiopathic, 693, 713 Negative iron balance, 73
Multiple myeloma, 206 peripheral blood smear of, 14f NEMO. See NF-κB essential modulator
in African Americans, 207 teardrop cells/nucleated red blood cells Neoadjuvant therapy
anemia and, 209 of, 61f prostate cancer and, 517
bacterial infection susceptibility and, 208 Myeloid hyperplasia, bone marrow of, surgery and, 345
bone-related complications and, 214 17f, 64f Neobladder, orthotopic, 507
bony lesions in, 207–208, 209f Myeloid metaplasia, 142 Neodymium-YAG laser therapy,
clinical evaluation of, 211 Myeloid progenitors, 4 454–455
clinical features of, 208t Myeloid/erythroid ratio (M/E ratio), 17 Neonatal jaundice (NNJ), 119
definition of, 206–207 Myeloma, hematopoietic stem cell Neoplastic meningitis
diagnosis/staging for, 210–211 transplantation for, 396 development of, 649
Durie-Salmon staging system, 212t Myeloperoxidase deficiency, 49, 51t diagnosis of, 649
diagnostic criteria for, 210f Myelophthisic anemia, 142 as oncologic emergency, 648–649
etiology of, 207 diagnosis of, 142 sign/symptoms of, 648–649
extramedullary plasmacytoma and, 210 pathophysiology of, 142 treatment for, 649
incidence/prevalence of, 207 Myelophthisis, 128, 159 Nervous system dysfunction, 659–660
M component and, 211 Myelosuppression cognitive decline and, 660
medical emergencies and, 210 as chemotherapy complication, hearing loss and, 660
morphologic features of, 207f 366–367 neurocognitive sequelae from, 660
pathogenesis/clinical manifestations of, complications from, 366 NETs. See Neuroendocrine tumors
207–210, 209f Pneumocystis and, 367 Neural tube defects (NTDs), 99
peripheral blood smear of, 68f primary prophylaxis from, 367 Neurilemomas, 554
plasmapheresis and, 214 secondary prophylaxis from, 367 Neurinomas, 554
prognosis of, 211 Mylotarg. See Gemtuzumab ozogamicin Neurocutaneous syndromes, 555–556
proteasome inhibitors for, 304–305 Myocardial fibrosis, 659 NF1 as, 556
renal disease and, 208 Myocardial infarction (MI) NF2 as, 556
solitary bone plasmacytoma and, 210 abciximab/eptifibatide for, 269 Neuroendocrine carcinoma, 566
supportive care for, 214 alteplase for, 281 Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), 578
treatment for, 212–214 aspirin for, 266 classification/pathology/biology of,
chemotherapy, 213 streptokinase for, 280 578–584
standard, 212–213 area of origin and, 581
Musculoskeletal system NADPH. See Nicotinamide-adenine cytoreduction surgery for, 596
dysfunction of, 660 dinucleotide phosphate gastrointestinal
infections of, 382 NASH. See Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis characteristics of, 579t
diagnosis of, 382 Nasopharynx carcinoma, 434 syndromes for, 579–580t
treatment of, 382 TNM staging for, 437t tumor location and, 581t
Mycobacteria susceptibility, 52t National Cancer Institute, 292, 320, 425 general features of, 578
Index 755

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) (Cont.): Nitric oxide (NO), 265 Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 440
genetic disorders associated with, 582, 583t Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), 56 adjuvant therapy for, 452–453, 452t
incidence of, 582 Nitrofurantoin, 705 bulky stage IIIA treatment for,
prognosis of, 583t Nitrogen mustard, 359 453–454
serotonin and, 581 Nitrosourea, 140, 366 chemotherapy for, 455
survival rate for, 595 NK. See Natural killer disseminated
treatment for, 595–596 NMDA. See N-methyl D-aspartate brain metastases and, 454
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), 556, 614f receptor palliative radiation therapy of,
characteristics of, 556 N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, 406 454–455
gene mutation and, 556, 584 antibodies to, 633f plural effusions and, 454
pheochromocytoma and, 612 NMSC. See Nonmelanoma skin cancer symptomatic endobronchial lesions and,
risks from, 556 NNJ. See Neonatal jaundice 454–455
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), 555, 556 NO. See Nitric oxide symptomatic management of, 454
cause of, 556 Nodal marginal zone lymphoma, 199 dry stage IIIB treatment for, 454
characteristics of, 556 Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin’s EGFR targeted therapy for, 455
Neurologic-myopathic syndromes, 444 disease metastatic lesions of, 685, 705
Neuromas, 554 diagnosis of, 203 pathogenesis subsets of, 300
Neutropenia, 47–48 treatment of, 203–204 resectability/operability of, 449
causes of, 48t Nodular melanoma, 423, 423f SCLC v., 693, 716
drug induced-, 47 Noma, 378–379 stage IA treatment for, 452
hereditary, 48–49 Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), 490 stage IB/II treatment for, 452–453
as oncologic emergency, 654 Nonbulky retroperitoneal disease, radiation stage III treatment for, 453
Neutropenic enterocolitis therapy for, 527 stage I/II treatment for, 451–452, 453
diagnosis of, 655 Noncastrate metastatic disease, prostate cancer radiotherapy w/ curative intent,
incidence of, 656 and, 519–521 451–452
as oncologic emergency, 655–656, 655f standard treatment for, 519 surgery, 451
Neutrophil(s), 42 testosterone-lowering agents for, 519–520 stage IIIA treatment for, 453
abnormalities of, 47–53 Nonfunctional pancreatic endocrine tumors superior sulcus/Pancoast tumor treatment
with function, 49–53 (PETs) and, 453
hereditary neutropenia, 48–49 diagnosis of, 593–594 T3 N0 disease treatment for, 453
neutropenia, 47–48 incidence of, 593 TNM International Staging System for,
neutrophilia, 49 symptoms of, 593 445
deformability of, 46f treatment for, 594 VEGF targeted therapy for, 455
development stages of, 43f Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), 219 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
with Döhle bodies, 44f clinical characteristics of, 193t (NSAIDs), 27, 336, 480
enzymes released by, 46 environmental factors for, 185 therapeutic monitoring of, 672–675t
evolution of, 43 evaluation of, 190–191 Normochromic, 57
hypersegmented, 60f frequency increase of, 185 NPM1. See Nucleophosmin gene
marrow release/circulating compartments histologic classification of, 182–183 NSAIDs. See Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
of, adhesiveness of, 44 Hodgkin’s disease risk increased for, 660 drugs
maturation of, 42–44 incidence of, 185 NSCLC. See Non-small cell lung cancer
migration of, 46 IPI for, 190t NTDs. See Neural tube defects
normal nucleus of, 44f late effects/consequences of, 661 Nuclei, 57
production/recruitment/inflammation skin nodule of, 429f Nucleophosmin gene (NPM1), 168
events in, 43f staging evaluation for, 194t Nutrition, cancer supportive care for, 330
schematic distribution of, 45f Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), 428, Nutritional iron balance
travel through pulmonary capillary, 46f 431t iron absorption and, 72–73
Neutrophil function, abnormal, 49–52 clinical presentation of, 429 maintenance of, 72
adhesion disorders, 49 BCC, 429–430 pregnancy and, 72
neutrophil granule disorders, 49–50 SCC, 430
Neutrophilia, 49 etiology of, 429 O2-hemoglobin dissociation curve, 11
causes of, 49t natural history of OAFs. See Osteoclast activating factors
NF1. See Neurofibromatosis type 1 BCC, 430 Octreotide, 370, 588, 592, 593, 601, 645
NF2. See Neurofibromatosis type 2 SCC, 430 Oh. See Bombay phenotype
NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO), 52 treatment for, 430–431 Okuda staging, for HCC, 492, 492t
NHL. See Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma Nonparaneoplastic neurologic disorders, Olanzapine, 405, 411
Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide antibody-associated, 635t Oligodendrogliomas, 551–552, 552f
phosphate (NADPH), 43, 116 Nonseminoma, of GCTs, 525–526 chromosomal translocations of, 552
Nilotinib (Tasigna), 180, 364 stage I treatment for, 526 surgical excision of, 552
Nilutamide, withdrawal response of, 521 stage II treatment for, 526–527 OLTX. See Orthotopic liver transplant
756 Index

Oncogenes, 284. See also RET proto-oncogene Oral hygiene, monocyte/granulocyte Oxaliplatin, 354t, 485
activation mechanism for, 289–291 disorders and, 56 Oxcarbazepine, 406, 548
chromosomal rearrangement, 290–291 Oral iron therapy
DNA amplification, 290 for iron-deficiency anemia, 76 P system, 145
point mutation, 290 preparations for, 76t P5N. See Pyrimidine 5’-Nucleotidase deficiency
addiction/synthetic lethality and, 302f, Oral leukoplakia, 334 P13K pathway
309–310 Orchiectomy PTEN signal for, 301
in cancer, 289, 290t AFP/hCG/LDH levels before/after, 526 targeted interruption for, 301
checkpoints of, 296f for seminoma of GCTs, 527 p53
chromosomal translocations and, 291t Orchiopexy, 524 acquired mutation of, 296
dominant activation of, 441–442 Orthotopic liver transplant (OLTX), 494 as genome guardian, 296
primary brain tumors and, 549 Oseltamivir, 386t induction of, 296
thyroid cancer and, 572–573 Osmotic fragility, 114 PA. See Pernicious anemia
tumor progression and, 308f Osteoblastic lesions, 545 Packed red blood cells (PRBC), 145
Oncologic emergencies Osteoclast activating factors (OAFs), 207–208 Paclitaxel, 357t, 437, 467, 507, 533, 536, 577,
adrenal insufficiency as, 651–652 Osteoporosis 656
airway obstruction as, 650, 651f from heparin, 273 adverse effects of, 363
hemoptysis as, 650 from LMWH, 274 Cremophor-containing vehicle needed for,
hemorrhagic cystitis as, 656 Osteoprotegerin (OPG), 307 363
HSR as, 656 Osteosarcoma, 699, 723 toxicity of, 561
human antibody infusion reactions as, 653 as bone sarcoma, 543–544 Paget’s disease, 543
HUS as, 653–654 classification of, 543 Pain
hypercalcemia as, 651 diagnosis of, 544 from bone metastasis, 545, 685, 705
hypoglycemia as, 651 Ovarian cancer, 530, 688, 708 cancer supportive care for, 328–329
intestinal obstruction as, 645 age-specific incidence for, 530 castrate metastatic disease management for,
intracranial pressure increase as, 648 as asymptomatic, 531 521
malignant biliary obstruction as, 645–646 CA-125 elevation and, 531 intervention for, 405–406
metabolic, 651 cell types of, 530 neuropathic, 404
neoplastic meningitis as, 648–649 chemotherapy for, 533–534 nociceptive, 404
neutropenia/infection as, 654 initial/maintenance, 533 in palliative/end-of-life care
neutropenic enterocolitis as, 655–656, 655f clinical presentation/differential diagnosis assessment of, 404
pericardial effusion/tamponade as, 643–644 of, 531 etiology of, 404
pulmonary infiltrates as, 654–655 epithelial tumors and frequency of, 404
pulmonary/intracerebral leukocytostasis as, prognostic factors for, 532 interventions for, 404–406
649–650 treatment for, 533 radiation therapy for, 406
seizures as, 649 etiology/genetics of, 531 visceral, 404
SIADH as, 651 evaluation of, 531 WHO approach on, 405
spinal cord compression as, 646–648 familial cases of, 530 Painful crises
structural-obstructive, 648 germ cell tumors and, 534 management of, 87–89
SVCS as, 642–643, 644f germline mutation and, 531 sickle cell anemia and, 86
TLS as, 652–653, 653f incidence/epidemiology of, 530–531 PAIs. See Plasminogen activator inhibitors
treatment-related, 652 oral contraceptives and, 530 Palifermin, 378
TTP as, 653 pathology of, 532 Palliative/end-of-life care, 398
urinary obstruction as, 645 prognostic factors for, 532–533 assessment/care planning for, 399–403
Ondansetron, 329 screening for, 341, 531–532 communication, 400
Open-lung biopsy, 382 proteomic technologies for, comprehensive assessment, 399–400
OPG. See Osteoprotegerin 531–532 continuous goal assessment,
Opioids staging for, 532–533, 533t 400–402
addiction to, 406 stromal cell tumors and, 534–535 cancer and, 331
for pain intervention, 405 total hysterectomy for, 532 chemotherapy and, 350–351
side effects of, 405 treatment for, 533–534 constipation management in, 406–407
Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome, 636–637 cytoreductive surgery, 533 delirium management in, 410–412
idiopathic/cancer-related, 636 randomized trials for, 533 depression management in, 409–410
progression of, 636 ultrasonography for, 531 domains of, 399
treatment for, 637 Ovarian germ cell tumors, 534 dyspnea management in, 407–408
Oral anticoagulants, 276–279 fertility and, 534 epidemiology of, 398–399
new agents for, 279 neoplasm classification in, 534 family caregivers and, 413
Oral cavity carcinomas, 434 Ovarian stromal tumors, 534–535 fatigue management in, 408–409
Oral complications, from cancer, 660 growth rate of, 534 financial burden management in, 412
Oral contraceptives, ovarian cancer and, 530 treatment for, 534–535 futile care in, 415
Index 757

Palliative/end-of-life care (Cont.): Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple Parathyroid hormone (PTH), 600


future directions of, 419 procedure), 503 level measurement for, 604
goal discernment protocol for, 400 Pancreatitis, hereditary chronic, 499 measurement of, 624
hospice/framework for, 399 Pancreatitis, severe chronic, 104 Parathyroid hormone (PTH) gland,
how/where to receive, 419 Pancytopenia, differential diagnosis of, 129t translocation of, 623
insomnia management in, 412 Panitumumab (Vectibix), 299t, 485 Parathyroid hormone-related peptide
interventions for, 404–414 Pap smear. See Papanicolaou smears (PTHrP), 594
existential needs, 413–414 Papanicolaou (Pap) smears bone lesions producing, 623
physical symptoms, 404–409 ACS recommendation on, 690, 711 production/mechanism of, 623, 692, 713–714
psychological symptoms, 409–412 for cervix cancer screening, 340, 537 Parental imprinting, cancer gene expression
social needs, 412–413 findings of, 537 and, 292
last hour care of, 416–417 Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), 571, 573, 575 Parenteral anticoagulants, 269
patient management during, 418t characteristics of, 573 Parenteral direct thrombin inhibitors,
plan needed for, 417 staging of, 575 275–276
last stage management in, 414–417 Paraganglioma syndromes (PGL), 613–614, Parenteral iron therapy
nausea management in, 407 616f dose calculation for, 77
pain management in, 404–406 Paraneoplastic antineuronal antibodies, 633t infusion of, 77
relationship management in, 413 Paraneoplastic autonomic neuropathy, 638 for iron-deficiency anemia, 76–77
surgery for, 346 Paraneoplastic hematologic syndromes, usage of, 77
teletherapy for, 348 628–630, 628t Paroxetine, 327, 410
Palpation eosinophilia as, 629 for hot flashes, 660
percussion v., 37 erythrocytosis as, 628 Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH), 123
of spleen, 37 granulocytosis as, 629 Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Pamidronate, 546 thrombocytosis as, 629 (PNH), 124–126, 131
for HHM, 625 thrombophlebitis as, 629–630 bone marrow failure and, 125
Pancoast’s syndrome, 443 Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia, 594 clinical features of, 124–125
Pancreatic cancer, 499 Paraneoplastic myelitis, 637 medical seeking feature for, 124
clinical features of, 500 Paraneoplastic neurologic disorders (PNDs), natural history of, 124–125
physical findings, 500 631, 632t complications of, 125
presenting features, 500 acute necrotizing myopathy, 638 diagnosis of, 692, 701, 713, 726
diabetes mellitus and, 499 antibody-associated, 635t differential diagnosis of, 124
diagnostic procedures of, 500–501 cerebellar degeneration, 636, 686, 706 epidemiology of, 124
high-risk individual surveillance, 502 diagnosis/management of, 632 laboratory investigation/diagnosis of, 125
imaging studies, 500, 501f dorsal root ganglia and, 632–633 pathophysiology of, 125
serum markers, 501–502 encephalomyelitis/encephalitis, 634–636 treatment for, 126
tissue diagnosis/cytology, 501 immune-mediated, 632 anti-C5 antibody and, 126f
genetic considerations of, 499–500 of nerve/muscle, 634 urine samples from, 124f
incidence/etiology of, 499 opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome, 636–637 Partial tandem duplication (PTD), 168
epidemiology, 499 pathogenesis of, 631–632 Parvovirus B19, 113, 138f, 151
staging of, 502, 502t peripheral neuropathies, 638 PRCA and, 137, 688, 709
survival of, 502 prompt tumor control needed for, 632 PCH. See Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
treatment of, 502–503 sensory neuronopathy/dorsal root PCNA. See Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
adjuvant chemotherapy, 503, 503f ganglionopathy, 637 PCR. See Polymerase chain reaction
advanced, 502 of spinal cord, 637 PDGF. See Platelet-derived growth factor
operable, 502–503 stiff-person syndrome, 637 PDGFR. See Platelet-derived growth factor
Pancreatic cholera, 599 visual syndromes, 639 receptor
Pancreatic endocrine tumors (PETs), 589 Paraneoplastic spinal cord syndromes, 637 PE. See Pulmonary embolism
characteristics of, 579t paraneoplastic myelitis and, 637 PECAM. See Platelet/endothelial cell
classification of, 581 presentation of, 637 adhesion molecule
functional syndromes for, 581 upper/lower motor neuron dysfunction PEI. See Percutaneous ethanol injection
incidence of, 582 from, 637 Pel-Ebstein fever, 202
nonfunctional syndromes and, 581, Paraneoplastic syndromes, 443. See also Pelger-Hüet anomaly, 44, 44f
593–594 Endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes peripheral blood smear of, 63f
prognosis for, 582 from ectopic hormone production, 624t Pemetrexed, 357t, 362, 455
treatment for, 589–590 Paraneoplastic visual syndromes, 639 Penicillin, 48, 121–122, 717
strategies for, 389 Paraproteinemias, 205 oral, 40
tumor aggressiveness/survival and, 582 Parasites, 57 Pentagastrin test, side effects of, 604
tumor localization and, 594–595 Parathormone-related peptide, tumor cell Peptic ulcer disease (PUD), gastrinoma and,
Pancreatic islet cell tumors. See Islet cell secretion of, 473 590
tumors Parathyroid gland removal, 601 Percent transferrin saturation, 16
758 Index

Percussion Peripheral blood smear, normal appearance Pheochromocytoma


palpation v., 37 of (Cont.): adrenalectomy for, 605
of spleen, 37 of eosinophils, 63f associated syndromes with, 612–614, 613t
techniques for, 37 of granulocytes, 62f MEN2A/MEN2B, 612
Percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI), for of monocytes, 63f MTC, 613
HCC, 494 of plasma cell, 68f NF1, 612
Pericardial effusion, 643–644, 659 of Pelger-Hüet anomaly, 63f VHL, 613
origin of, 643 of polychromatophilia, 59f catecholamine/metanephrine measurement
survival rate for, 643 of red cell fragmentation, 15f for, 611
symptoms of, 643 of Reed-Sternberg cell variant, 67f clinical features of, 610, 610t
treatment for, 644 of reticulocytes, 15f clinical presentation of, 609
Pericardial tamponade, 643–644 of ringed sideroblast, 65f diagnosis of, 610–611, 703, 729
treatment for, 644 of rouleaux formation, 60f biochemical testing for, 610–611, 611t
Pericardiocentesis, 644 of severe iron-deficiency anemia, 14f differential diagnosis of, 611
Peripheral blood smear of Sézary’s syndrome, 66f imaging for, 611, 611t
of acanthocytosis, 61f of sickle cell disease, 60f epidemiology of, 609
of acute erythroleukemia, 65f of spherocytosis, 60f etiology/pathogenesis of, 609–610
of ALL, 66f, 191f of spur cells, 15f genetic screening for, 614–615
of AML, 65f of stippled red cells in lead poisoning, 62f germ-line mutations and, 609, 614, 617f
analysis of, 57 of stomatocytosis, 61f hypertension and, 610
for anemia, 13, 685, 706 of target cells, 14f, 61f malignant, 612
of APL, 65f of teardrop cells, 61f germ-line mutation for, 612
for aplastic anemia, 133 of thrombocytopenia, 226f histiologic criteria for, 612
of ATL, 66f, 200f of uremia, 15f prognosis of, 612
of bone marrow Peripheral nerve hyperexcitability, 638 treatment for, 612
aplastic anemia, 64f Peripheral nervous system metastases, MEN2A/MEN2B and, 602
erythroid hyperplasia, 64f 559–560 paraganglial system of, 610f
lymphoma in, 64f radiation injury/damage v., 560 in pregnancy, 612
metastatic cancer, 64f Peripheral neuropathies, treatment screening for, 604
myeloid hyperplasia, 64f for, 638 treatment for, 605, 611–612, 703,
of Burkitt’s leukemia, 66f, 198f Peripheral T cell lymphoma, 201–202 729
in lymph node, 67f diagnosis of, 201 surgery, 611–612
of CHS, 63f evaluation of, 201 Philadelphia chromosome (Ph), 297
of CLL, 66f, 194f syndromes associated with, 201–202 in CML, 291
of CML, 66f Peritoneal carcinomatosis CUP treatment, Phlebography, contrast, 258
of diffuse large B cell lymphoma, 566 Phlebotomy, 90
67f, 197f Pernicious anemia (PA), 102, 694, 717 Phosphatase with tensin homology (PTEN), 7
of Döhle body, 63f Pesticides, 167 mutations of, 301
of elliptocytosis, 61f PET. See Positron emission tomography P13K pathway signaled by, 301
of erythrophagocytosis, 67f PETs. See Pancreatic endocrine tumors Phosphotyrosine binding (PTB), 297
of follicular lymphoma, 67f, 196f Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, 499, 535 Photodynamic therapy, as radiation therapy
of G6PD, 120f PFS. See Progression-free survival delivery, 348–349
of giant platelets, 62f PGA. See Polyglandular autoimmune Physician-assisted suicide, 415–416
of HE, 114f syndromes definitions of, 415t
of Heinz bodies, 62f PGL. See Paraganglioma syndromes legal aspects of, 416
of Hodgkin’s disease, 67f P-glycoprotein (PGP), 307 practices of, 416
of Howell-Jolly bodies, 14f, 61f PGP. See P-glycoprotein Physician’s Health Trial, 335
of HS, 114f Ph. See Philadelphia chromosome PIA. See Proliferative-inflammatory atrophy
of IMF, 158f PH. See Pleckstrin homology domain PIN. See Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
of lacunar cell, 67f Phagocyte activation lesions
of macrocytosis, 14f, 59f defects of, 51t Piroxicam, 336
of megaloblastic anemia, 101f disorders of, 52–53 Pitting, 36
of megaloblastic erythropoiesis, 65f Phagocyte function disorders, 51t Pituitary tumors
of membrane-cytoskeleton abnormality, Phakomatoses. See Neurocutaneous growth hormone production and,
114f syndromes 599–600
of multiple myeloma, 68f Phenacetin, 504 MEN1 and, 599–600
of myelofibrosis, 14f, 61f Phenothiazine, 408 treatment for, 601
normal appearance of, 14f, 59f Phenoxybenzamine, 612 transsphenoidal resection, 601
of basophil, 63f Phenylbutazone, 167 PIVKA-2. See Protein induced by vitamin K
of bone marrow, 17f, 64f Phenytoin, 204, 548, 638, 649 absence
Index 759

Plasma cell, normal, peripheral blood smear Polycythemia vera (PV) (Cont.): Precursor B cell lymphoblastic leukemia/
of, 68f complications of, 156–157 lymphoma, 191
Plasma cell disorders, 205 diagnosis of, 156, 695, 718 diagnosis of, 191
clinical manifestations of, 205 etiology of, 155 treatment for, 191–192
Plasma cell dyscrasias, 205 treatment for, 157–158 Precursor cell B cell neoplasms, 191–192
Plasmapheresis, 713 Polyglandular autoimmune (PGA) precursor B cell lymphoblastic
multiple myeloma and, 214 syndromes, 605 leukemia/lymphoma, 191
posttransfusion purpura and, 149 diabetes mellitus and, 607 Precursor cell T cell malignancies, 199–200
Plasminogen activator inhibitors diagnosis of, 607 Precursor T cell lymphoblastic leukemia/
(PAIs), 25, 280 features of, 606t lymphoma, 199–200
Platelet(s), 224–225 treatment for, 607 treatment of, 200
disorders of, 225 type I, 606 Prednisone, 717
thrombocytopenia, 225–229 manifestations of, 606 for AL amyloidosis, 221
function disorders of, 231 presentation of, 606 Pregnancy
inherited/acquired, 231 type II, 606–607 aplastic anemia and, 131
function inhibition of, 224 autoantibodies found in, breast mass during, 700, 726
life span of, 224 606–607 chemotherapy complication and, 370
Platelet adhesion, 22, 224–225 characteristics for, 606 folate deficiency and, 105
Platelet aggregation, 22 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 85 hemoglobin changes in, 13t
from aspirin resistance, 266 Polyneuropathy, organomegaly, megaloblastic anemia and, 99
Platelet composition, of arterial thrombosis, endocrinopathy, multiple myeloma nutritional iron balance and, 72
264 and skin changes (POEMS) pheochromocytoma in, 612
Platelet plug formation, 22 syndrome, 215, 608, 638 warfarin during, 260, 278–279
Platelet role, in arterial thrombosis, 265 diabetes mellitus and, 215 Premarin, 336
Platelet storage pool disorder (SPD), 231 Polyp Prevention Trial, 333 Pretransfusion testing, 145
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), Polypoid adenomas, as benign small intestine Primaquine, 705
overexpression of, 300–301 tumors, 486 Primary brain tumors, 548
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor Polyposis coli, 479 astrocytomas and, 549–551
(PDGFR), 298 Polyps CNS lymphomas and, 553–554
overexpression of, 300–301 cancer from, 478 ependymomas as, 552
Platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule colonoscopy and, 478 etiology of, 548–549
(PECAM), 46 colorectal cancer and, 478 genetic alterations and, 549
Plateletpheresis, 163 from diet, 333 medulloblastoma as, 552–553
Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, 301 molecular changes in, 478 meningiomas and, 554, 554f
Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, 549 POMC. See Proopiomelanocortin gene oligodendrogliomas and, 551–552,
PML. See Promyelocytic leukemia Poorly differentiated carcinoma 552f
PNDs. See Paraneoplastic neurologic disorders with midline adenopathy, 566 oncogenes and, 549
PNETs. See Primitive neuroectodermal Positron emission tomography (PET), 190 PNET as, 552–553
tumors for brain tumors, 548 prognosis of, 550
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, 394 for CUP, 563 schwannomas and, 554–555, 555f
Pneumocystis pneumonia, 382 diagnostic contribution of, 563 tumor-suppressor genes and, 549
myelosuppression and, 367 for pheochromocytoma Primary CNS lymphoma, 553–554, 553f
Pneumonia, 655 diagnosis, 611 chemotherapy for, 553
PNH. See Paroxysmal nocturnal Positron emission tomography with prognosis of, 553
18
hemoglobinuria F-fluoro-2deoxyglucose surgery for, 553
POEMS syndrome. See Polyneuropathy, (FDG-PET), 500, 689, 709 survival of, 554
organomegaly, endocrinopathy, Postpartum hemorrhage, 26 toxoplasmosis from, 554
multiple myeloma and skin changes Postphlebitic syndrome, 253 Primary gastric lymphoma, 477
syndrome prevention of, 262 treatment for, 477
Poikilocytosis, 13, 57 Postremission therapy, for AML, 174 radiation therapy, 477
Polychromasia, 13 Post-thrombotic syndrome, DVT Primary granules, 43
Polychromatophilia, 57 and, 252 Primary hyperparathyroidism, 598
peripheral blood smear of, 59f Posttransfusion purpura, 149 neoplastic changes in, 598
Polycystic kidney disease, EPO and, 78 plasmapheresis and, 149 treatment for, 600–601
Polycythemia, 20 Posttransplant relapse, hematopoietic stem cell parathyroid gland removal, 601
diagnostic approach to, 20, 21f transplantation for, 396 thymectomy for, 600
physical examination for, 20 PPSC. See Primary peritoneal papillary serous Primary peritoneal papillary serous carcinoma
symptoms of, 20 carcinoma (PPSC), 566
Polycythemia vera (PV), 20, 155, 687, 708 PRBC. See Packed red blood cells Primary systemic amyloidosis, biochemical
clinical features of, 155–156 PRCA. See Pure red cell aplasia nature of, 217
760 Index

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs), Prostate cancer, treatment of (Cont.): Pulmonary embolism (PE) (Cont.):
543 radiation therapy for, 517 diagnostic imaging needed for, 255f
surgical excision for, 552 radical prostatectomy, 516–517 differential diagnosis of, 255t
Procarbazine, 140, 354t, 359, 366, 654 rising PSA, 518–519 DVT v., 253
Prochlorperazine (Compazine), 329, 369, 407 Whitmore-Jewett staging system for, 515t dyspnea and, 255
Progression-free survival (PFS), 179 Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial, 341, 513 evaluation for, 699, 724–725
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Prostatectomy. See Radical prostatectomy fibrinolysis and, 261
325, 550 Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), 341 imaging tests for, 258f
Proliferative-inflammatory atrophy (PIA), 512 blood half-life in, 516 integrated diagnostic approach to, 258
Promyelocyte, 43 criteria for, 513 invasive diagnostic modalities for, 258
Promyelocytic leukemia (PML), 168. See also detection strategies based on, 514 IVC filters for, 261
Acute promyelocytic leukemia elevation of, 566 management of, 259f
Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene, 626 levels increase of, 513 nonimaging diagnostic modalities for, 256
Propranolol, 593 prostate cancer/no cancer diagnosis by, noninvasive imaging modalities for,
Prophylactic folic acid, 108 513–514 256–258
Prophylaxis rising of, 518–519 significance of, 255
for infection, 375–376 immediate therapy needed for, 519 signs/symptoms of, 250
myelosuppression from, 367 testing offered of, 513 spiral CT for, 250
surgery and, 344 Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) treatment for, 252, 259–262, 699–700, 725
Prostacyclin, initiation of, 265 lesions, 512 controversy regarding, 252
Prostate Protein C, 24 with VKA, 251t
anatomy/pathology of, 511–512 for DIC, 243 Pulmonary hemorrhage, 650
benign disease in, 522 resistance to, 691, 712 Pulmonary infarction, 255
diagnostic procedures/treatment for, 522 Protein induced by vitamin K absence Pulmonary infections, 380–381
benign/malignant changes in, 511 (PIVKA-2), 492 Aspergillus infection as, 381–382
biopsy of, 513, 514 Protein starvation, hypometabolic state chest infiltrates for, 380–381
clinical states of, 511f anemia and, 79 differential diagnosis of, 381t
periurethral portion of, 511–512 Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP), 297 diagnosis of, 382
Prostate cancer, 512 Prothrombin time (PT), 29 in granulocytopenic patients, 381
bone-dominant pattern of, 521 abnormal, 235 treatment of, 382
chemoprevention of, 336 prolongation of, 235 Pulmonary infiltrates
as “curable,” 518 Prothrombotic abnormalities, venous as oncologic emergency, 654–655
cure v. cancer control of, 512 thrombosis and, 247 onset of, 654
development of, 512 Prussian blue staining, of marrow iron stores, radiation therapy and, 654
diagnosis/treatment by clinical state of, 512 65f Pulmonary system
diagnostic evaluation algorithm for, 514f PSA. See Prostate-specific antigen dysfunction of, 659
disease continuum of, 512 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 377 physiology of, typical reference values of,
epidemiology of, 512 Psychosocial support, for cancer, 330 682t
Gleason grading system for, 515 PT. See Prothrombin time Pulmonary thromboembolism, 253. See also
impotence and, 516 PTB. See Phosphotyrosine binding Deep vein thrombosis; Pulmonary
late effects/consequences of, 662 PTC. See Papillary thyroid cancer embolism;Venous thromboembolism
neoadjuvant therapy and, 517 PTD. See Partial tandem duplication diagnosis of, 254–258
no cancer diagnosis of, 513–515 PTEN. See Phosphatase with tensin homology clinical evaluation for, 254
physical examination, 513 PTH. See Parathyroid hormone clinical syndromes and, 255–256
prevention, 513 PTHrP. See Parathyroid hormone-related peptide emotional support during, 262
PSA, 513–514 PTP. See Protein tyrosine phosphatases epidemiology of, 253–254
pathology of, 514–515 PUD. See Peptic ulcer disease integrated diagnostic approach to, 258
screening for, 341 Pulmonary angiography, 258 invasive diagnostic modalities for, 258
staging for,TRUS for, 515 Pulmonary embolectomy, as PE treatment, contrast phlebography, 258
systemic relapse of, 516 262 pulmonary angiography, 258
TNM staging system for, 515t Pulmonary embolism (PE), 250 nonimaging diagnostic modalities
treatment of, 364, 516–521 anticoagulation for, 259–261 for, 256
active surveillance, 518 complications of, 260 blood tests for, 256
adverse events and, 516 duration of, 260–261 electrocardiogram for, 256
brachytherapy, 517–518 fondaparinux, 259–260 elevated cardiac biomarkers, 256
castrate metastatic disease, 521 hospital stay during, 260 noninvasive imaging modalities for,
clinically localized disease, 516 LMWH, 259 256–258
external beam radiation therapy, 517 UFH, 259 chest CT, 257, 257f
noncastrate metastatic disease, 519–521 warfarin, 260 chest roentgenography, 257
patient concerns of, 516 circulation maintenance during, 261 echocardiography, 258
Index 761

Pulmonary thromboembolism, noninvasive Radiation therapy, injury from (Cont.): Rasburicase, 652
imaging modalities for (Cont.): late delayed, 560–561 Raynaud’s phenomenon, 527, 660
lung scanning, 257–258 peripheral nervous system RCC. See Renal cell cancer
MR, 258 metastases v., 560 RD. See Random donor
venous ultrasonography, 256–257 intensity decrease in, 347 RDW. See Red cell volume distribution
pathophysiology for, 254 mammalian cell survival exposure from, width
point score methods/diagnosis for, 254, 347f RE. See Reticuloendothelial system
255t mediastinal, 659 Reactive lymphocytes, 58
Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy, 262 for nonbulky retroperitoneal disease, 527 Rebuck skin window test, 55
Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA), 128, 136, 686, for pain intervention, 406 Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), 297
706 parameters of, 347 signaling pathways activated by, 302
classification of, 137t physical properties/biologic effects of, targeting of, 300–302
clinical associations/etiology of, 137 346–348 signaling pathways downstream of,
definition/differential diagnosis of, for primary gastric lymphoma, 477 301–302
136–137 for prostate cancer, 517 Recombinant thyroid-stimulating hormone
parvovirus B19 and, 137, 688, 708 cancer control and, 517 (RTSH), 576
treatment of, 137–138 recommendation for, 518 use of, 576t
Purpura fulminans, DIC and, 240 rising PSA and, 518 Recombinant tissue-type plasminogen
PV. See Polycythemia vera pulmonary infiltrates and, 654 activator (rt-PA), 279
Pyrimethamine, 106 quantitation of, 348 Rectal carcinoids, 585
Pyrimidine 5’-Nucleotidase (P5N) deficiency, for SCLC, 456 Red blood cells
121 SI unit for, 348 abnormal cells of, 58
Pyruvate kinase deficiency, 116, 117t for soft tissue sarcoma, 542–543 agglutination of, 60f
treatment for, 116 target volume of, 347 antibody-mediated immune destruction of,
for thyroid lymphoma, 577 121, 122f
Quiescence, hematopoietic stem cell tissue damage from, 347–348 different shapes of, 58
self-renewal and, 6 toxicity of, 349, 658 examination of, 57
Quinolone, 384 acute/chronic, 349 group systems/alloantigens for, 144t
bone marrow and, 349 inclusions of, 57–58
RA. See Refractory anemia transit volume of, 348 indices of, 13t
Rabbit antithymocyte globulin, 135 typical course of, 348 iron content of, 71
Radiation exposure x-rays/gamma rays as, 347 iron-deficiency anemia v., 59f
cataracts from, 660 Radiation toxicity, 560–561 life span of, 71
thyroid cancer and, 572, 659 Radiation-derived units, 683t membrane/cytoskeleton of, 113f
Radiation necrosis, of CNS, 561 Radical prostatectomy, 516–517 metabolism, 112f
Radiation pneumonitis, 654 goal of, 516 nucleated characteristic of, 61f
Radiation therapy, 343, 346. See also “high risk” definition and, 516 rouleaux formation and, 58
Whole-brain radiation therapy techniques for, 516–517 stippled appearance of, 62f
for brain metastasis, 558 Radiofrequency ablation (RFA), 494 turnover of, 112
for breast cancer, 467–468 Radioimmunoassay (RIA), 591 Red cell folate, 107
breast cancer risk from, 349 Radioiodine treatment Red cell fragmentation, 60f
cancer caused by, 660–661 indications for, 576 peripheral blood smear of, 15f
cell killed by, 346 iodine 131 ablation for, 576 Red cell membrane-cytoskeleton
for colorectal cancer, 484 for thyroid cancer, 576 abnormality, 115t
delivery of, 346, 348–349 Radionuclides/radioimmunotherapy peripheral blood smear of, 114f
brachytherapy, 348 monoclonal antibodies and, 348 Red cell production
photodynamic therapy, 348–349 as radiation therapy delivery, 348 by erythron, 10
radionuclides/radioimmunotherapy, Radiotherapy, 104 physiologic basis of, 10–11
348 for carcinoid tumors, 596 by tissue oxygen tension, 11f
teletherapy, 348 RAEB. See Refractory anemia with excess Red cell transfusion
for disseminated NSCLC, 454 blasts as hypoproliferative anemia treatment, 79
dose-response curve for, 346 RAEB-t. See Refractory anemia with excess for iron-deficiency anemia, 76
for esophageal cancer, 474 blasts in transformation Red cell volume distribution width (RDW),
exposure to, 346 Random donor (RD), 145 13
external beam, 517 RAR-β. See Retinoic acid receptor-β Redox metabolism abnormality, 116–117, 118f
for gastric adenocarcinoma, 476 RARS. See Refractory anemia with ringed Reed-Sternberg cell variant, in nodular
high-grade astrocytoma and, 551 sideroblasts sclerosing Hodgkin’s disease, 67f
injury from, 560f Ras protooncogene Refractory anemia (RA), 138
acute, 560 activation of, 301 Refractory anemia with excess blasts
early delayed, 560 mutation of, 301 (RAEB), 139
762 Index

Refractory anemia with excess blasts in Rituximab, 123, 124, 194, 198, 229, 299t, 477, Secondary amyloidosis, 217
transformation (RAEB-t), 139 636, 637 Secondary CNS lymphoma
Refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts for NHL, 191 common site of, 554
(RARS), 139 for TTP, 230 treatment for, 554
Reglan. See Metoclopramide for WM, 215 Secondary granules, 43
Rehabilitation, surgery for, 346 Rotterdam Symptom Checklist, 399 SEER. See Surveillance, Epidemiology, and
Relationships, in palliative/end-of-life care, Rouleaux formation End Results database
413 peripheral blood smear of, 60f Seizures. See also Epilepsy
Renal cell cancer (RCC), 315, 508 red blood cells and, 58 from brain tumors, 548
clinical presentation of, 509 RPLND. See Retroperitoneal lymph node as oncologic emergency, 649
epidemiology of, 508 dissection treatment for, 649
pathology/genetics of, 508–509 RSV. See Respiratory syncytial virus Selection bias, 712
sign/symptoms of, 509t RTK. See Receptor tyrosine kinases Selective estrogen receptor modulators
staging/prognosis of, 509 rt-PA. See Recombinant tissue-type (SERMs), 305
surgery for, 510 plasminogen activator Selective malabsorption of cobalamin with
survival rates for, 510 RT-PCR. See Reverse transcriptase proteinuria, 103
treatment of, 509–510 polymerase chain reaction Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs),
advanced disease, 510 RTSH. See Recombinant thyroid-stimulating 410
localized tumors, 509–510 hormone Selenium, 336
randomized studies on, 510 Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), Self-renewal
Renal disease 166 cancer’s similarity with, 7
hypoproliferative anemia and, 77, 78 RUNX1. See Runt-related transcription of hematopoietic stem cells, 2, 3f, 5–7
multiple myeloma and, 208 factor 1 capacity of, 5
Renal dysfunction, 659 RV. See Right ventricle quiescence and, 6
Renal function test, reference range of, 679t relative function hierarchy, 6f
Renal infections, 383 SAGE. See Serial analysis of gene expression importance of, 6
Renal pelvis carcinoma, 508 Salazopyrin, 105 limited understanding of, 6
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), 382 Salivary gland tumors, 434, 438 stem cell expansion by, 6
RET proto-oncogene Salmonella, 382 subpopulation of, 7
MEN2 and, 602, 603f Salpingo-oophorectomy, bilateral, 532 Selig Mann’s disease. See Alpha heavy chain
somatic mutations of, 603 Salvage chemotherapy, 528–529 disease
Reteplase, 282 SCC. See Squamous cell carcinoma Seminoma, of GCTs, 525–526
Reticulin stain, of marrow myelofibrosis, 62f Schwannomas, 554–555, 555f inguinal orchiectomy for, 527
Reticulocyte predisposition to, 555 stage I/II treatment for, 527
peripheral blood smear of, 15f surgery for, 555 Senile purpura, 26
premature release of, 16 SCLC. See Small cell lung carcinoma Sensory neuropathy, 637
Reticulocyte count Scopolamine, 415, 416 characteristics for, 637
for anemia, 13, 15–16, 686, 706 Screening. See also Cancer screening treatment for, 637
correction of, 16f for bleeding/thrombosis, 29–30 Sentinel node biopsy (SLNB), for melanoma,
for marrow response estimate, 15 for breast cancer, 340, 463 427
preparation for, 59f for CA-125, 531 Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), 292
Reticulocyte production index, for cervix cancer, 340, 537 SERMs. See Selective estrogen receptor
16, 18 colonoscopy as tool for, 481 modulators
calculation of, 16t for colorectal cancer, 340, 481–482, Serotonin
Reticuloendothelial (RE) system, 71 697, 721 biological effects of, 586–587
Retinoic acid receptor-β (RAR-β), for endometrial cancer, 341 carcinoid syndrome secretion of, 586
334 for HCC, 491–492, 493 elevation of, 587
Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for large-bowel cancer, 481–482 NETs and, 581
(RPLND), 526 for lung cancer, 341, 444–448, 448f receptor subclass for, 588
modified bilateral, 528 for MEN, 599 synthesis/secretion/metabolism of, 582f
Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain for MEN2, 603–604 Sertraline, 410
reaction (RT-PCR), 171 for MTC, 603 Serum β2-microglobulin, 211
in CUP, 565 for ovarian cancer, 341, 532–533, 533t Serum cobalamin, 106
RFA. See Radiofrequency ablation for pheochromocytoma, 604 Serum cortisol, 652, 687, 707
Rh system, 144 genetic, 614–615 Serum electrophoresis, 206
RIA. See Radioimmunoassay for prostate cancer, 341, 515, 515t monoclonal component of, 206
Ribavirin, 122, 386t for skin cancer, 341 patterns of, 206f
Right ventricle (RV) dysfunction, 254 SCT. See Stem cell transplant Serum ferritin, 12, 16
Risk-directed chemotherapy, for testicular SDAP. See Single-donor apheresis platelets iron laboratory studies for, 74
cancer, 527–528 SDF. See Stromal cell-derived growth factor sex/age function of, 74f
Index 763

Serum folate, 107 Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) (Cont.): Somatostatinoma syndrome (Cont.):
Serum iron, 12 treatment for, 455–456 occurrence of, 592
iron laboratory studies for, 74 chemotherapy, 455–456 treatment for, 592
Serum methylmalonate, 106 combined-modality chemoradiotherapy, Sorafenib, 299t, 358t
Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP), 220 456 Southeast Asian ovalocytosis, 116
Serum tumor markers radiation therapy, 456 SPD. See Platelet storage pool disorder
for cancer, 327t surgery, 456 Specific granule deficiency, 50, 51t
CUP and, 563 Small intestine carcinoids, 584–585 Specific granules, 43
for testicular cancer, 526, 687, 707 Small intestine tumors, 485 SPECT. See Single-photon emission
Severe iron-deficiency anemia, peripheral benign types of, 485–486 tomography
blood smear of, 14f adenomas, 485–486 SPEP. See Serum protein electrophoresis
Sexual/reproductive dysfunction, 660 angiomas, 486 Spherocytosis, peripheral blood smear of, 60f
Sézary’s syndrome, 200 leiomyomas, 486 Spinal cord compression
peripheral blood smear of, 66f lipomas, 486 damage mechanism for, 646
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, 48, 131 polypoid adenomas, 486 initial symptom of, 646
SI. See International System unit lymphoma types of, 486–487 occurrence of, 646
SIADH. See Syndrome of inappropriate malignant types of, 486 as oncologic emergency, 646–648
antidiuretic hormone adenocarcinomas, 486 pedicle erosion and, 647
Sickle cell anemia, 87f Small lymphocytic lymphoma. See B cell physical examination for, 646
acute chest syndrome and, 86 chronic lymphoid leukemia prognosis of, 646
clinical manifestations of, 85–86 Smudge cells, 58 rapid progression of, 559
gene therapy for, 88 Soft tissue sarcoma, 540 from solid tumor metastases, 559
painful crises and, 86 biopsy of, 541 survival and, 648
Sickle cell disease classification of treatment for
pathophysiology of, 85f liposarcoma, 541 laminectomy, 647
peripheral blood smear of, 60f malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 541 pain management, 647t
Sickle cell syndromes, 85–88 unclassified, 541 trial for, 647
clinical features of, 86f diagnosis of, 541–542 Spiral computed tomography (CT), for PE,
clinical heterogeneity of, 86 radiographic evaluation for, 542 250
diagnosis for, 87 epidemiology of Spleen
treatment for, 87–88 environmental factors for, 540 absence of, 40
Sickle cell trait, clinical manifestations of, 87 iatrogenic factors for, 541 scanning for enlargement of, 37–38
Sideroblasts, 17, 74 immunologic for, 541 structure/function of, 36f
ringed, 138f viruses for, 541 adaptive functions of, 36
peripheral blood smear of, 65f genetic considerations for, 541 composition of, 36
Sigmoidoscopy, 340, 480 GISTs and, 541 physiologic roles of, 35
Signal transduction pathways, cancer cell IGF produced by, 541 Splenectomy, 38, 90
biology and, 297, 298f incidence of, 540 bacterial infection susceptibility increase by,
SIL. See Squamous intraepithelial lesion staging for, 542 40
Single-donor apheresis platelets (SDAP), 146 by AJCC, 542t for CML, 180
Single-photon emission tomography treatment for diseases associated with, 40t
(SPECT), 548 adjuvant chemotherapy, 543 for Hodgkin’s disease staging, 38
Sinus histiocytosis with massive for advanced disease, 543 HS and, 115
lymphadenopathy, 204 radiation therapy, 542–543 hyposplenism from, 40
Skeletal-connective tissue syndromes, 444 surgery, 542 infections and, 374–375, 702, 728–729
Skin cancer. See also Melanoma; Sokal index, for CML, 177 for ITP, 229
Nonmelanoma skin cancer Solid tumors as leukemia treatment, 39
nonmelanoma cutaneous malignancies and, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for, unexplained fever and, 40
431 396 vaccinations needed before/after, 40
prevention of, 431 targeted therapies for, 366 Splenic marginal zone lymphoma, 199
screening for, 341 Solitary bone plasmacytoma, 210 Splenomegaly, 35, 243, 686, 702, 706, 728
Skin Cancer Foundation, 425 Solitary metastatic site, treatment of, 566 clinical assessment for, 36–37
Skin necrosis, from warfarin, 278 Solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN), 709 palpation and, 37
SLE. See Systemic lupus erythematosus treatment for, 449–450 percussion and, 37
SLNB. See Sentinel node biopsy Somatostatin, structure/synthetic analogues differential diagnosis for, 38
Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), 439, 622 of, 588f diseases associated with, 39t
differentiation pathway for, 623 Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS), 594 laboratory assessment for, 38
encephalomyelitis and, 634 Somatostatinoma syndrome SPN. See Solitary pulmonary nodule
NCLC v., 693, 716 cause of, 592 Sprycel. See Dasatinib
staging of, 448–449 diagnosis of, 592 Spur cells, peripheral blood smear of, 15f
764 Index

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 428 Stevens-Johnson syndrome, 378 Surgery (Cont.):
clinical presentation of, 430 Stiff-person syndrome for cancer prevention, 337, 344
esophageal cancer as, 472 antibodies associated with, 637 as cancer treatment
natural history of, 430 presentation of, 637 accessibility of, 345
presenting as cervical adenopathy, 566 treatment for, 637 for diagnosis, 344–345
skin lesion of, 429f Stomach tumors. See Gastric adenocarcinoma; for palliation, 346
treatment for, 431 Gastric sarcoma; Primary gastric for rehabilitation, 346
Squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL), 537 lymphoma for staging, 345
SQUID. See Superconducting quantum Stomatocytosis, 116 for treatment, 345–346
interference device peripheral blood smear of, 61f cancer treatment and, 344–346
SRS. See Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy Stool analysis, reference range of, 679t for prophylaxis, 344
SSRIs. See Selective serotonin reuptake Streptococcus, 377 cytoreductive, 533
inhibitors Streptococcus bovis bacteremia, as colorectal for intestinal obstruction, 645
Staging. See also Ann Arbor staging system; cancer risk factor, 480 laparoscopic approach of, 345
Tumor, nodes, metastasis (TNM) Streptococcus bovis endocarditis, 686, 706 late effects of, 658
staging classification Streptokinase, 280 limb-sparing approaches of, 542
for adrenocortical tumors, 618 action mechanism of, 280 long-term disease-free survival after, 346
for bone sarcoma, 544t for MI, 280 for meningiomas, 554
for breast cancer, 463, 464t, 465t Streptozocin, 329 metastatic disease and, 346
for cancer treatment, by surgery, 345 Streptozotocin, 359, 369 neoadjuvant therapy and, 345
for cervix cancer, 537, 538f Stroke prevention,Aggrenox for, 268 for NSCLC, 451
for CLL, 189, 189t Stromal cell-derived growth factor (SDF)-1α, for pheochromocytoma, 611–612
for colorectal cancer, 482–484, 483f 207 for primary CNS lymphoma, 553
for gastric adenocarcinoma, 476t Strontium 89, 468 for RCC, 510
for GCTs, 525t Structural hemoglobinopathies, 84, 85 for schwannomas, 555
for GVHD, 392t altered synthesis/function and, 89t for SCLC, 456
for gynecologic malignancies, 533t sickle cell syndromes as, 85–88 for soft tissue sarcoma, 542
for head/neck cancer, 436t Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T cell for testicular cancer, postchemotherapy,
for Hodgkin’s disease, 202 lymphoma, 202 528
for melanoma, 425t Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, for thyroid cancer, 575
for nasopharynx carcinoma, 437t 549 for typhlitis, 380
for NHL, 194t Sulfamethoxazole, 705 Surgical excision
for NSCLC, 445 Sulindac, 336, 480 for HCC, 494
for ovarian cancer, 532–533, 533t Sun avoidance, cancer prevention and, 334 of oligodendrogliomas, 552
for pancreatic cancer, 502, 502t Sunitinib (Sutent), 299t, 358t, 477, 487 for PNET, 552
for PTC, 575 imatinib v., 300 for SCLC, 456
for SCLC, 448–449 Superconducting quantum interference Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results
for soft tissue sarcoma, 542, 542t device (SQUID), 93 (SEER) database, 320
for testicular cancer, 525t Superficial spreading melanoma, Sutent. See Sunitinib
for thyroid cancer, 572, 573t 422, 423f SUV. See Standardized uptake value
for uterine cancer, 536 Superficial thrombophlebitis, 249 SVCS. See Superior vena cava syndrome
Standardized uptake value (SUV), 445 Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS), 443, Sweet’s syndrome. See Febrile neutrophilic
Stanford V chemotherapy regimen, 203 642–643 dermatosis
Staphylococcus, 377 causes of, 642 Symmetric cell division, 3
STAT5, 7 central venous catheters and, 643 Symptom Distress Scale, 400
Stem cell integrin, 3 clinical improvement of, 643 Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
Stem cell niche, 3 diagnosis of, 643 hormone (SIADH), 625, 651
location change of, 4 presentation of, 642 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 33, 123, 228
Stem cell proliferation radiographs of, 644f microspherocytes and, 686, 706
in bone marrow, 3 signs/symptoms of, 643 Systemic lytic state, 280
regulation of, 6 cardiorespiratory, 643 Systemic therapy, 347
Stem cell transplant (SCT), 172. See also treatment for, 643, 697, 721–722 as colorectal cancer treatment, 484–485
Allogeneic stem cell transplant; stenting for, 643
Autologous stem cell transplant Supportive care, for aplastic anemia patients, T cells
for AML, 175 136 autologous manipulation of, 371
late effects/consequences of, 661 Surgery, 343 in cord blood stem cells, 6
Stem cells. See Hematopoietic stem cell(s) for adrenocortical tumors, 618 differentiation from normal to lymphoma,
Stereotaxic radiosurgery, 551 atraumatic endoscopic, 612 188t
for increased ICP, 648 for bladder cancer, 507 tumor cells attacked by, 371
Sternberg-Reed cells, 182 for brain metastasis, 558 TACE. See Transarterial chemoembolization
Index 765

TAFI. See Thrombin-activated fibrinolytic TF. See Tissue factor Thrombophlebitis, 629–630
inhibitor TFPI. See Tissue factor pathway inhibitor clinical manifestation of, 630
TA-GVHD. See Transfusion-associated Thalassemia syndromes, 90. See also α-Tha- compression ultrasonography for, 630
graft-versus-host disease lassemia syndromes; β-Thalassemia diagnosis of, 630
Tamoxifen, 305, 336, 363, 409, 466, 520, 661 syndromes pathogenesis of, 629
for breast cancer, 661–662 diagnosis of, 92 treatment for, 630
side effects of, 469 as hemoglobinopathy, 83 Thrombopoietin (TPO), 224
Tarceva. See Erlotinib incidence of, 84 Thrombosis. See Bleeding/thrombosis
Target cells, peripheral blood smear of, 14f, prevention of, 92 Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
61f α-Thalassemia syndromes, 91–92, 91t (TTP), 229–230, 691–692, 712–713
Targeted agents, action site of, 365f α-Thalassemia-1 trait, 91 ADAMTS13 activity and, 230
Tasigna. See Nilotinib α-Thalassemia-2 trait, 91 as oncologic emergency, 653
Taxane, 369, 435, 649 β-Thalassemia intermedia, 90f, 91 pathogenesis of, 230, 230f
TC. See Transcobalamin β-Thalassemia major, 91 treatment for, 230
Teardrop cells, peripheral blood smear of, 61f β-Thalassemia minor, 91 Thymectomy, for primary
Teletherapy, 346 β-Thalassemia syndromes, clinical hyperparathyroidism treatment, 600
for palliative care, 348 manifestations of, 90–91 Thyroid cancer, 571
as radiation therapy delivery, 348 β-thalassemia intermedia, 90f, 91 age associated incidence/mortality for, 571f
three-dimensional treatment plan and, 348 β-thalassemia major, 91 anaplastic, 577
Telomerase β-thalassemia minor, 91 classification of, 572
growth limitations bypass of, 297 β-thalassemia trait, 91, 156 gene mutations/alterations in, 573, 574t
inhibition of, 297 Thalassemic hemoglobin variants, 92 incidence of, 571
Temozolomide, 354t, 359, 551, 552 hemoglobin E, 92–93 medullary, 577
Tenecteplase, 282 hemoglobin Lepore as, 92 neoplasm classification of, 572t
administration of, 282 hemoglobinopathy and, 84 pathogenesis/genetic basis for, 572–573
half-life of, 282 HPFH, 93 oncogenes/tumor-suppressor genes,
Terazosin, 522 Thalidomide, 141 572–573
Testicular cancer, 524. See also Germ cell for IMF, 160 radiation exposure, 572, 659
tumors for multiple myeloma, 213 TSH/growth factors, 572
back pain from, 525 THF. See Tetrahydrofolate risk factors for, 572t
clinical presentation of, 524–525 THF starvation, 99 staging of, 572, 573t
etiology/genetics and, 524 Thienopyridine survival rates of, 575f
extragonadal GCT/midline carcinoma of action mechanism of, 267 thyroid lymphoma as, 577
uncertain histogenesis and, 529 indications for, 267 treatment for, 575–577
fertility and, 529 resistance to, 267 lobectomy, 575
IGCCCG classification by, 528t side effects of, 267 radioiodine treatment, 576
incidence/epidemiology of, 524 Thiethylperazine (Torecan), 369 RTSH follow-up for, 576, 576f
late effects/consequences of, 662 6-Thioguanine, 356t thyroidectomy, 575
pathology of, 525–526 Thiotepa, 359, 390 TSH suppression therapy, 575
relapse of, 527 Thoracoscopic pericardial fenestration, whole-body scanning follow-up,
spermatogenesis after, 529 644 576–577
staging/treatment of, 525t Thrombin-activated fibrinolytic inhibitor well-differentiated, 573–577
surveillance for, 526 (TAFI), 239 papillary, 573, 575
treatment of, 526–529, 693, 715 Thrombocytopenia, 225–229 treatment of, 575–577
advanced GCT, 527 from chemotherapy, 367 Thyroid lymphoma, 577
postchemotherapy surgery for, 528 drug-induced, 226–227, 227t radiation therapy for, 577
risk-directed chemotherapy, 527–528 evaluation algorithm for, 227 Thyroid nodule, 704, 729–730
salvage chemotherapy, 528–529 heparin-induced, 227–228, 227f clinical studies on, 570
stage I nonseminoma, 526 history/health of patient and, 225 evaluation approach to, 570
stage II nonseminoma, 526–527 infection-induced, 225–226 FNA biopsy for, 570
stage I/II seminoma, 527 inherited, 229 nondiagnostic biopsies for, 571
VeIP for, 528 peripheral blood smear of, 226f patient approach and, 570–571
tumor markers for, 526, 687, 707 physical examination for, 225 algorithm for, 571f
Testis Thrombocytosis, 231, 628t, 694, 716–717 prevalence of, 570
lymph node regional draining to, 525 as asymptomatic, 629 Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), 572
ultrasonography of, 524–525 treatment not needed for, 629 frequent measurement needed for, 659
Testosterone-lowering agents, for noncastrate Thrombogenesis, coagulation system and, mutation activation of, 573
metastatic disease, 519–520 265f suppression therapy for, 575
Tetracycline, 454 Thrombophilia testing, for venous Thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1),
Tetrahydrofolate (THF), 96 thrombosis, 248 564
766 Index

Thyroidectomy Transfusion biology/therapy, adverse reactions TTP. See Thrombotic thrombocytopenic


for MEN2, 604 to (Cont.): purpura
for MTC, 604 hypotensive reactions, 150 Tuberous sclerosis (Bourneville’s disease),
MTC death prevention by, 603 hypothermia, 150 556, 584
for thyroid cancer, 575 immunomodulation, 150 mutations causing, 584
Thyrotropin, 203 iron overload, 150 TULIP. See Transurethral ultrasound-guided
TIA. See Transient ischemic attack alternatives to, 151 laser-induced prostatectomy
TIBC. See Total iron-binding capacity blood components for, 145–147 Tumor(s). See also Germ cell tumors
Ticlopidine characteristics of, 146t adrenal cortical, 600
indications for, 267 cryoprecipitate, 147 biopsy of, 345
side effects of, 267 FFP, 147 causing biliary obstruction, 646
Tinzaparin, 259 plasma derivatives, 147 cell cycle progression and, 344
TIO. See Tumor-induced osteomalacia platelets, 146–147 clear cell, 508
Tipifarnib, 649 PRBC, 146 endolymphatic sac, 613
Tirofiban, 268–269, 269t whole blood, 146 Gompertzian growth curve for, 344t
Tissue factor (TF), 23 blood group antigens/antibodies for hormonal response of, 364
coagulation initiated by, 23f ABO antigens/antibodies, 143–144 immune system avoidance by, 371
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), 25 alloantibodies, 144–145 islet cell, 581, 599, 601
from heparin, 270 Rh system, 144 localization of, 594–595
TLS. See Tumor lysis syndrome complication risk of, 148t localized RCC treatment for, 509–510
TMP-SMX. See Trimethoprim- immune-mediated reactions to, 147 “organ-like” behavior of, 343–344
sulfamethoxazole acute hemolytic transfusion reactions, radiation therapy damage to, 347–348
TNF-α. See Tumor necrosis factor α 147–148 success/growth of, 344
TNM. See Tumor, nodes, metastasis staging acute lung injury related to, 149 vaccinations for, 371
classification allergic reactions, 148–149 vascular/lymphatic spreading of, 345
Tobacco use, 693, 715–716. See also Cigarette alloimmunization, 149–150 Tumor, nodes, metastasis (TNM) staging
smoking anaphylactic reactions, 149 classification, 325, 463
as colorectal cancer risk factor, 480–481 DHTR/serologic reactions, 148 for bladder cancer, 504, 505f
α-Tocopherol/β-carotene (ATBC) Lung FNHTR, 148 of breast cancer, 464t
Cancer Prevention Trial, 335 GVHD, 149 for head/neck cancer, 435, 436t
Tonsillectomy, bleeding/thrombosis and, posttransfusion purpura, 149 for lung cancer, 446t
26–27 infectious complications in, 150–151 of nasopharynx carcinoma, 437t
Topoisomerase II inhibitor-associated bacterial, 151 for prostate cancer, 515t
leukemia, 167 viral, 150–151 for thyroid cancer, 572, 573t
Topoisomerase poisons, 360–361 pretransfusion testing for, 145 Tumor angiogenesis, 310, 311f, 344
Topotecan, 355t, 361, 534 Transfusional hemosiderosis, treatment for, 93 angiogenic switch and, 310
Torecan. See Thiethylperazine Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host cancer treatment from understanding
Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), 12, 73 disease (TA-GVHD), 131, 149 of, 314
iron laboratory studies as, 74 Transient ischemic attack (TIA), 155 host molecules for, 314
Toxic granulations, 44 Aggrenox for, 267 hypoxia and, 311
Toxoplasmosis, from primary CNS Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), 513 stimuli for, 310
lymphoma, 554 for prostate cancer staging, 515 therapeutic approach from, 316f
TP53. See Tumor protein p53 Transsphenoidal resection, 601 tumor vessel formation mechanism of,
TPO. See Thrombopoietin Transurethral ultrasound-guided 310–314
Trace minerals, reference range of, 675t laser-induced prostatectomy vasculogenesis and, 312, 314
Tranexamic acid, 233, 238, 243 (TULIP), 522 VEGF and, 311–312
Transaminase, level elevation of, 273 Trastuzumab (Herceptin), 299t, 300, 372, 467, Tumor cells
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), 656, 659 apoptosis evolution of, 305
494 Trazodone, 410 apoptosis resistance from, 307
randomized trials involving, 495t Tretinoin, 358t biological features of, 325
Transcobalamin (TC), 96 Triamterene, 105 chromosomal instability in, 292
Transferrin Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole formation of, 286f
diferric, 70 (TMP-SMX), 47, 56, 381, 382, 393, parathormone-related peptide secreted
monoferric, 70 694, 708, 717 from, 473
Transferrin receptor protein (TRP), 75 Tropical sprue, 103 progression of, 308f
Transferrin receptors, 71 Trousseau’s syndrome, 629 T cells attack of, 371
Transfusion biology/therapy, 143 TRP. See Transferrin receptor protein Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), 699, 724
adverse reactions to, 147 TRUS. See Transrectal ultrasound Burkitt’s lymphoma and, 652
electrolyte toxicity, 150 TSH. See Thyroid stimulating hormone diagnosis of, 700, 725
fluid overload, 150 TTF-1. See Thyroid transcription factor 1 hyperuricemia and, 652
Index 767

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) (Cont.): Urinary obstruction (Cont.): Venous thromboembolism (VTE) (Cont.):
management of, 653f symptoms of, 645 increased airway resistance and, 254
occurrence of, 652 treatment for, 645 increased pulmonary vascular resistance
as oncologic emergency, 652–653 Urine analysis, reference range of, 677–678t and, 254
treatment for, 652–653 Urine protein electrophoresis (UPEP), 220 pathophysiology for, 254
urine output and, 652 Urokinase, 281 embolization, 254
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), 44 U.S. Prevention Services Task Force physiology, 254
Tumor protein p53 (TP53), 166 (USPSTF), 339 RV dysfunction, 254
Tumor vessels USPSTF. See U.S. Prevention Services Task prevention of, 262, 262t
blood vessels v., 310 Force Venous thrombosis, 246
lymphatic cells within, 314 Uterine cancer, 535 arterial thrombosis v., 264
sprouting of, 311 chemotherapy for, 536 diagnosis of, 249–250
therapeutic blocking approach to, 316f clinical presentation of, 535 clinical decision rule for, 250t
tumor angiogenesis and, 310–314 genetics and, 535 DVT, 249–250
vascular lining of, 310 incidence/epidemiology of, 535 PE, 250
VEGF signaling and, 313f pathology of, 535–536 epidemiology of, 246
Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO). See staging for, 536 etiology of, 246–247
Hypophosphatemic oncogenic survival rates for, 536 global data on, 249
osteomalacia treatment for, 536 hereditary thrombophilia and, 248–249
Tumors metastatic to bone, 545 prevention for, 248
Tumor-suppressor genes, 284 Vaccinations thrombophilia testing for, 248
inactivation of, 442 of cancer patients, 387 prognosis of, 247–248
mechanisms of, 286 chemoprevention for, 337 prothrombotic abnormalities and, 247
for MEN1, 598 chemotherapy indication for, 376t rare sites of, 249
point mutations/large deletions and, 286 with influenza vaccine, 385 risk factors for, 246, 247t
primary brain tumors and, 549 needed before/after splenectomy, 40 acquired/genetic, 247
thyroid cancer and, 572–573 for tumors, 371 models of, 248f
Turbot’s syndrome, 479 Valacyclovir, for herpes viruses, 385t superficial thrombophlebitis and, 249
Typhlitis Valganciclovir, for herpes viruses, 385t symptoms of, 246
physical examination for, 380 Valproic acid, 548 treatment for, 251–252
surgery for, 380 Vancomycin, for AML, 173 Venous ultrasonography
treatment for, 380 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), 46 of deep leg veins, 256t
bevacizumab inhibiting, 317 of DVT, 257f
UFH. See Unfractionated heparin inhibited signaling of, 313f for pulmonary thromboembolism,
Ultrasonography targeted therapy for, 455 256–257
compression, for DVT, 250 tumor angiogenesis and, 311–312 Verner-Morrison syndrome, 599. See also
for lymphadenopathy, 34–35 tumor cell-derived, 314 VIPomas
for ovarian cancer, 531 Vascular instability, from anemia, 11 Vessel wall, 225
of testis, 524–525 Vasculitis, of nerve/muscle, 638 disorders of, 233–234
Umbilical cord blood Vasculogenesis, tumor angiogenesis and, 312, inherited, 234
allogeneic stem cell transplant and, 178 314 metabolic/inflammatory, 233–234
hematopoietic stem cell supplied by, 6 Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), 599 function of, 225
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation use Vasoocclusion, 85–86 VGCCs. See Voltage-gated calcium channels
of, 388, 390 VATS. See Video-assisted thoracic surgery VGKCs. See Voltage-gated potassium channels
Unfractionated heparin (UFH), 227, Vectibix. See Panitumumab VHL. See von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
259, 262 VEGF. See Vascular endothelial growth factor Vidarabine, 47
United Network for Organ Sharing VeIP. See Cisplatin, ifosfamide, and vinblastine Video-assisted thoracic surgery
(UNOS), 494 Venlafaxine, 410 (VATS), 451
UNOS. See United Network for Organ Sharing Venoocclusive disease, 391 Vinblastine, 357t, 363, 539
Unstable hemoglobin variants, Venous thromboembolism (VTE), 253 Vincristine, 357t, 409, 545, 659
diagnosis/management of, 89–90 alveolar hyperventilation and, 254 toxicity of, 561
UPEP. See Urine protein electrophoresis anticoagulation of, 259t for TTP, 230
Uremia, peripheral blood smear of, 15f decreased pulmonary compliance and, Vinorelbine, 357t
Ureter carcinoma, 508 254 VIP. See Vasoactive intestinal peptide
Ureteral infections, 383 education on, 253 VIPomas, 592–593, 703, 729
Urinary 5HIAA levels, for carcinoid epidemiology of, 253–254 symptoms of, 593
tumors/syndrome diagnosis, 587 fondaparinux for, 275 Vision dysfunction, 660
Urinary obstruction genetic/acquired factors contributing to, Visual Analogue Scale, 404
etiology of, 645 253–254 Visual syndromes, paraneoplastic, 639
as oncologic emergency, 645 impaired gas exchange and, 254 Vitamin B12. See Cobalamin
768 Index

Vitamin K Waldenström macroglobulinemia Whole-brain radiation therapy


as coagulation cofactor, 685, 705 (WM), 124, 199, 214, 219, (WBRT), 553, 558
cycle of, 240f 608, 638 Wilms’ tumor gene-1 (WT-1), 565
metabolism/regeneration of, 240 bone marrow and, 214 Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, 229,
Vitamin K antagonists (VKA), 276 cause of, 214 394
as DVT/PE treatment, 251t clinical manifestation of, 214 WM. See Waldenström
Vitamin K deficiency, 243, 685, 705 treatment for, 215 macroglobulinemia
dysfibrinogenemia and, 243 Waldeyer’s ring involvement, 196 WNV. See West Nile Virus
nutritional intake and, 243 Warburg, Otto, 284 Wolfram’s syndrome, 607
Vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR), 276 Warfarin, 243, 251, 262, 276–289, 630, World Health Organization (WHO)
Vitamins, reference range of, 675t 689, 710 AML classification by, 167, 167t
Vitiligo, 606 action mechanism of, 276–277, clinical features/relevance,
VKA. See Vitamin K antagonists 277f, 692, 714 167–168
VKOR. See Vitamin K epoxide reductase antithrombotic effect of, 277 genetic findings/relevance, 168
Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), 631 dosing of, 260, 278 anemia definition of, 11
Voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKCs), for HIT, 228 astrocytoma grading system by, 549
631 INR for, 277 GI NETs classification by, 582
Vomiting monitoring of, 277–278 lung cancer classification by, 439
as chemotherapy complication, 369 pharmacology of, 277 lymphoid malignancy classification by,
emesis and, 369 factors influencing, 277 182–184, 183t
von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL), 499, during pregnancy, 260 MDS classification by, 139t
556, 584, 602 side effects of, 278–279 pain intervention approach by, 405
cause of, 605 bleeding, 278 Worthing Chemotherapy
extraparaganglial features of, 616f pregnancy, 278–279 Questionnaire, 399
pheochromocytoma and, 613 skin necrosis, 278 Wright-Giemsa stain, 13, 14f. See also
tumor-suppressor protein of, 310 special problems of, 279 Peripheral blood smear
von Recklinghausen’s disease, 584. See also Warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, WT-1. See Wilms’ tumor gene-1
Neurofibromatosis type 1 infections, and myelokathexis
von Willebrand disease (vWD), 231–233 (WHIM), 44 X-rays, 347. See also Chest x-ray
classification of, 232 Watery diarrhea syndrome, 599 Xylocaine, 454
functional defects of, 232 WBC. See White blood count
laboratory diagnosis of, 232t WBRT. See Whole-brain radiation therapy Zanamivir, 386t
von Willebrand factor (vWF), 22, 147, 224 West Nile Virus (WNV), 151 ZES. See Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonists and, 268 WHIM. See Warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, Zidovudine, 47
Voriconazole infections, and myelokathexis Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
for AML, 173 Whipple procedure. See (ZES), 104
amphotericin B v., 384 Pancreaticoduodenectomy cause of, 598
Vorinostat, 365 White blood count (WBC), 42 diagnosis of, 598–599
VTE. See Venous thromboembolism Whitmore-Jewett staging system, for prostate symptoms of, 598
vWD. See von Willebrand disease cancer, 515t treatment of, 601
vWF. See von Willebrand factor WHO. See World Health Organization Zolpidem, 412

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