Terminology

RECSO - MARINE POLLUTION TERMINOLOGY
First Edition 2015
Name Organization
Dr. Hasan A. Anbar RECSO Chairman
Saudi Aramco
Mr. Hamed Al Haddabi RECSO Vice Chairman
Petroleum Devt. Oman
RECSO Main Members
Mr. Fadhel Boresle Kuwait Oil Company

Mr. Omer Al-Wasem Saudi Arabian Chevron
Mr. Ijaz Ashraf Bahrain Petroleum Company
Mr. Ali Ashkanani Qatar Petroleum
Mr. Andrew Pearce Maersk Oil
Mr. Abdul Kareem Ali Al-Thuwainy Al-Khafji Joint Operations
Mr. Talib Al-Alawi Abu Dhabi National Oil Co.
Associate Members
Mr. Emad Khadir Naghi Marine

Mr. Hassan Yami Petro Rabigh
Mr. Abdul Maroof Marine Services Co., Ltd.
Technical Committee
Name Organization
Mr. Talib Al-Alawi Chairman
ADNOC
Members
Capt. Ahmad A. Ahmad KOC

Mr. Abdulla Al-Ansari BAPCO
Mr. Ibrahim A. Al Hilal Saudi Aramco
Mr. Khaled Almenhali ADNOC
Capt. Naif Al-Dhafeeri SAC
Mr. Hilal Hamed Al Dughaishi PDO
Mr. Abdullatif Al-Shammari KJO
Mr. Hamaida Beddiar ADNOC
© Copy rights reserved for RECSO 2015

Regional Clean Sea Organisation
(RECSO)
Marine Pollution
Terminology
Table of Contents
 Introduction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3
 About RECSO _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4
 RECSO Vision _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4
 RECSO Mission _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4
 Acronyms and Abbreviations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6

 Gulf Oil Companies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6
 Organizations / Agencies / Environmental Firms _ _ _ _ 8
 Conventions / Agreements _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15
 Tankers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _17
 Oil / Chemicals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18
 Miscellaneous_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19
 Glossary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _24
 Conversion Factors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60
 Marine Ports / Shipping Companies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _63

RECSO - Marine Pollution Terminology
Introduction
The Marine Pollution Terminology booklet is prepared to

provide the readers with the most abbreviations, glossary of
terms and terminologies related to the Marine Oil Spill activities
within the Arabian Gulf and around the world.
A total of 257 acronyms & abbreviations, 142 glossary terms are

included here in this quick reference. Also, the book contains all
oil spill/environmental organizations/agencies/firms'
acronyms and lists almost all conventions and agreements
abbreviations worldwide. Moreover, we included herewith a
list all major marine ports and shipping companies in the Gulf.
RECSO team members would like to thank all those who

participated to develop this reference.
3
About RECSO
RECSO is a non-profit organization with the genuine objective

to accomplish a ‘cleaner and safer environment’.
The Regional Clean Sea Organisation (RECSO), which was
founded in 1972 by regional oil companies, was founded for the
sole purpose of protecting the Gulf Waters from pollution,
especially oil spills under a mutual aid concept. Its members
today consist of 9 main members and 1 associate member all
over the region.
Vision:
RECSO’s vision is to achieve “Clean Gulf” environment in the

Regional Seas and make it free from oil spills.
Mission:
The prime responsibility of RECSO today is to protect the

marine environment in the Gulf from oil pollution emanating
from operations of RECSO member oil companies in the region.
Each member oil company shares the responsibility of ensuring
a long-term commitment to the “Clean Gulf” concept. RECSO
recognizes this pledge and coordinates efforts towards meeting
this challenge.
4
Keep it away from the gulf.
5
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Gulf Oil Companies

A
ADNOC Abu Dhabi National Oil Company
AGOC Aramco Gulf Operations Company
ARAMCO Saudi Aramco
B
BAPCO The Bahrain Petroleum Company
D
DPC Dubai Petroleum Company
E
EGPC Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation
ENOC Emirates National Oil Company
H
HARKEN Harken Bahrain Oil Company
I
INOC Iraq National Oil Company
IOEPC Iranian Oil Exploration and Producing
Consortium
J
JNPC Jordan National Petroleum Company
K
KOC Kuwait Oil Company
M
MOQ Maersk Oil Qatar AS
N
NIOC National Iranian Oil Company (Iran)
6
Gulf Oil Companies - cont'd

P
PDO Petroleum Development Oman
Q
QP Qatar Petroleum
S
SAC Saudi Arabian Chevron Inc.
7
Organizations / Agencies / Environmental Firms

A
ABS American Bureau of Shipping
ACOPS Advisory Committee on Protection of the Sea
AMOP Arctic Marine Oil spill Programme
AMOSC Australian Marine Oil Spill Centre
AMSA Australian Maritime Safety Agency
API American Petroleum Institute
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
B
BPA British Ports Association
BSEP Black Sea Environment Programme
BSI British Standards Institute
C
CCA Clean Caribbean & Americas
CCW Countryside Council for Wales
CEDRE Centre for Documentation, Research and
Development for Accident Water Pollution
CEFAS Centre for Environment, Fisheries and
Aquaculture Science (UK)
CMC Cellule de Management de Crise (Crisis
Management Unit)
CMT Crisis Management Team
CNA Clean Nigeria Associates
CONCAWE Conservation of Clean Air and Water Europe
CZM Coastal Zone Management
8
Organizations / Agencies / Environmental Firms - cont'd

D
DAFS Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for
Scotland (UK)
DARD Department of Agriculture and Rural
Development (Northern Ireland)
DECC Department of Energy and Climate Change
DEFRA Department of Environment Food and Rural
Affairs (UK)
DOE Department of the Environment (UK)
DfT Department of Transport (UK)
E
EA Environment Agency (UK)
EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development
ECA Environmental Conservations Association
ECOSOC UN Economic and Social Council
EPA Environmental Protection Agency (USA)
E&P Forum Exploration and Production Forum
F
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (UN)
FCO Foreign and Commonwealth Office (UK)
G
GCC Gulf Cooperation Council
GEF Global Environment Fund (World Bank)
GESAMP Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of
Marine Pollution
GI Global Initiative (IMO/Oil Industry)
9

H
HELCOM Baltic Marine Environment Protection
(Helsinki) Commission
HSE Health and Safety Executive / Health Safety
and Environment
I
IADC International Association of Drilling Contractors
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
IAPH International Association of Ports and Harbours
ICES International Council for Exploration of the Sea
ICS International Command System or
International Chamber of Shipping
IFP Institut Francais du Petrole (French
Petroleum Institute)
IFREMER Institut Français de Recherche pour
l'Exploitation de la Mer (French Research
Institute of Exploitation of the Sea)
IMO International Maritime Organization
IMPA International Maritime Pilot’s Association
Inmarsat International Maritime Satellite Organization
Intertanko International Association of Independent
Tanker Owners
IOPC Fund International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund
IOSO International Oil Spill Organization
IPI International Petroleum Industry
IPIECA International Petroleum Industry
Environmental Conservation Association
Federation
ISO International Organization for Standardization
10

IPCC Inter Government Panel on Climate Change
IRPTC International Register of Potential Toxic
Chemicals
ISO International Standards Organization
ISU International Salvage Union
ITOPF International Tanker Owners Pollution
Federation
IUCN International Union for Conservation of nature and
Natural Resources
M
MAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (UK)
MAIB Marine Accident Investigation Branch (UK)
MED Marine Environment Division (IMO)
MEMAC Marine Emergency Mutual Aid Countries
(ROPME)
MEPA Meteorological and Environmental Protection
Administration (S.A.)
MEPC Marine Environment Protection Committee
(IMO)
MMO Marine Response Organization (Marine
Scotland)
MOIG Mediterranean Oil Industry Group
MSRC Marine Spill Response Corporation (USA)
N
NCWCD National Commission for Wildlife
Conservation and Development (Saudi Arabia)
NE Natural England
NEBA Net Environmental Benefit Analysis
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
11

NI Nautical Institute
NNR National Nature Reserve
NOAA National Oceanic & Atmospheric
Administration (USA)
NOFO Norwegian Clean Seas Association For
Operating Companies
NOSCA Norwegian Oil Spill Control Association
NRC National Response Corporation (USA)
O
OCIMF Oil Companies International Marine Forum
OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development
OIIEP Oil Industry International Exploration and
Production
OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
OPOL Offshore Pollution Liability Association Ltd.
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OSRL/OSR Oil Spill Response Limited (UK)
OSSC Oil Spill Service Center (Southampton UK)
P
PAJ Petroleum Association of Japan
PIRO Petroleum Industry Response Organization
P&I Club Protection and Indemnity Club
R
RECSO Regional Clean Sea Organization (Gulf Region)
REMPEC Regional Marine Pollution Emergency
Response Centre for the Mediterranean Sea
ROPME Regional Organization for Protection of the Marine
Environment (Kuwait)
12

S
SAC Special Area of Conservation (European
Directive)
SCU Salvage Control Unit (UK)
SEEEC Sea Empress Environmental Evaluation
Committee
SEERAD Scottish Executive Environmental & Rural
Affairs Department
SEPA Scottish Environment Protection Agency
SFI Sea Fisheries Inspectorate (UK)
SFT Norwegian State Pollution Control Authority
SNH Scottish Natural Heritage
SOSREP Secretary of State’s Representative for
Maritime Salvage and Intervention (UK)
SPA Special Protection Area (for wild birds,
European Directive)
SPE Society of Petroleum Engineers (USA)
SRC Shoreline Response Centre
SSSI Site of Special Scientific Interest (UK)
U
UKHMA UK Harbour Masters Association
UKMPG UK Major Ports Group
UNCED UN Conference on Environment and Development
UNCTAD UN Commission on Trade & Development
UNEP United Nation Environmental Programme
UNESCO UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization
UNITAR UN Institute for Training
13

USCG United States Coast Guard
W
WACAF West and Central Africa
WCMC World Conversation Monitoring Centre (UK)
WHO World Health Organization
WMO World Meteorological Organization
WODA World Organization of Dredging Association
WWF World-wide Fund for Nature
14
Conventions / Agreements
A
ADR European Agreement concerning the
International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by
Road
C
CAST Coastguard Agreement for Salvage and
Towage (UK MCA)
CLC Civil Liability Convention 1969
CLC 1992 International Convention on Civil Liability for
Oil Pollution Damage 1992
CWA US Clean Water Act
E
EC European Commission
F
Fund 1992 International Convention on the Establishment
of an International Fund for Compensation for
Oil Pollution Damage 1992
I
IOSC International Oil Spill Conference
ITOPF International Tanker Owners Pollution
Federation
J
JNCC Joint Nature Conservation Committee (UK)
L
LDC London Dumping Convention 1972
M
MARPOL International Convention for the Prevention of
Pollution from Ships (73/78)
MOU Memorandum Of Understanding
15
Conventions / Agreements - cont'd

O
OCIMF Oil Companies International Marine Forum
OILPOL International Convention for the Prevention of
Pollution of the Sea by Oil 1954
OPA Oil Pollution Act, 1990 (USA)
OPRC Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response &
Cooperation (IMO’s Convention)
OTC Offshore Technology Conference
S
SOLAS Safety of Life at Sea Convention
T
TOVALOP Tanker Owners Voluntary Agreement
Concerning Liability for Oil Pollution
U
UNCLOS United Nations Convention on the Law of the
Sea 1982
16
Tankers
C
CALM Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring
CBT Clean Ballast Tank
COW Crude Oil Washing
D
DT Displacement Tonnage
DWT Dead Weight Tonnage
G
GRT Gross Registered Tonnage
GT Gross Tonnage
L
LOT Load-on-top System
S
SALM Single Anchor Leg Mooring
SBM Single Buoy Mooring
SBT Segregated Ballast Tanks
U
ULCC Ultra Large Crude Carrier (>300,000 tonnes)
V
VLCC Very Large Crude Oil Carrier (> 200,000 tonnes)
17
Oil / Chemicals
B
BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand
BPG Byproduct Phospho-gypsum
C
CFCs Chlorofluorocarbons
D
DDT Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane
H
HC Hydrocarbon
HFO Heavy Fuel Oil
HNS Hazardous and Noxious Substances
L
LC50 Lethal Concentration
LFO Light Fuel Oil
LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
N
NGL Natural Gas Liquids
O
OBM Oil Based Mud
P
PAH Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
S
SNG Substitute Natural Gas
18
Miscellaneous
A
ADDS Aerial Dispersant Delivery System
ADIOS Automated Data Inquiry for Oil Spill (spill
modelling software)
ART Alternative Response Technologies
ARTES Alternative Response Technologies Evaluation
System
B
BOP Blow Out Preventer
BOPD Barrel of Oil Per Day
C
CPSO Counter Pollution and Salvage Officer (UK)
CVM Contingent Valuation Methodology
E
EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone (zone beyond the
territorial sea extending 12nm out to 200nm)
ESD Emergency Shut Down
ESI Environmental Sensitivity Index
FEZ Fisheries Exclusion Zone
F
FOST Fast Oil Spill Team (France)
FPSO Floating Oil Production, Storage & Offloading
facility
FSU Floating Storage Unit or Former Soviet Union
G
GIS Geographical Information System
GPS Global Positioning System
19
Miscellaneous - cont'd
H
HAZMAT Hazardous Material
HP Horse Power
I
IAP Incident Action Plan
IBC Intermediate Bulk Container
IC Incident Commander
IMS Incident Management System
IMT Incident Management Team
IOPP International Oil Pollution Prevention
Certificate
IRLS Infra Red Line Scanning
ISB In Situ Burning
ISM International Safety Management Code
K
Kt Knot
L
LEL Lower Explosive Limit
M
MODU Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit
MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets
MSI Marine Safety Information
N
NCP National Contingency Plan
NRDA Natural Resource Damage Assessment (USA)
20
O
OCU Operations Control Unit
OIM Offshore Installation Manager
OMT Oil Spill Management Team
OSC On-Scene Commander
OSCP Oil Spill Contingency Plan
P
POLMAR French National Marine Pollution Plan
POLREP Pollution Report
ppb Parts Per Billion
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
ppm Parts Per Million
PPP Polluter Pays Principle
PSC Port State Control or Production Sharing
Company
PSI Pounds per Square Inch
R
RIB Rigid Inflatable Boat
ROM-CPS Regional Operations Manager, Counter
Pollution and Salvage (UK MCA)
RPM Revolutions Per Minute
S
SAR Search and Rescue
SCAT Shoreline Cleanup Assessment Technique
SI Statutory Instrument
SIMOPs Simultaneous Operations
SITREP Situation Operations
SLAR Side-Looking Airborne Radar
21
SMART Special Monitoring of Applied Response
Technologies / or / Specific, Measurable,
Achievable, Realistic, Timely
SOPEP Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan
SPM Single Point Mooring
SRP Site Response Plan
SSP Site Safety Plan
STOp Scientific, Technical and Operational Guidance
Notes (UK)
STR Shoreline Treatment Recommendation
U
UCS Unified Command System
USCG United State Coast Guard
USG US Gallon
UVLS Ultra Violet Line Scanning
V
VOC Volatile Organic Compound
VOO Vessel Of Opportunity
VRP Vessel Response Plan
22
23
Glossary
Absorption
 The process by which a substance attaches itself to the
surface of another without absorbing it, e.g. oil to
particles of solid matter (as opposed to absorption by
which a substance enters into and becomes part of
another).
Accident
 A specific unplanned event or sequence of events that
has a specific undesirable consequences.
Accidental Discharge of oil

 Oil discharged as a result of an accident to the vessel
containing it or to the installation holding the oil. The
term is used also where spillage of oil arises from
mechanical failure, i.e. failure to close a valve at an
appropriate moment.
Acute Exposure
 It is a single event, i.e. the wreck of an oil tanker on the
coast is a single damaging event from which, once the oil
is removed from the marine environment, a natural
recovery can begin.
Acute Pollution
 Pollution that either lasts for a short time or is very
severe.
24
Every day ships throughout the world discard 5.5 million

pieces of rubbish into our oceans.
25
Acute Toxicity
 The lethal amount when the substance is administered
in a single dose.
Additives
 Substances which are added to petroleum fractions to
modify or enhance their natural properties.
Adsorption
 Any process by which one substance penetrates the
interior of another substance. In the case of oil spill
clean-up, this process applies to the uptake of oil by
capillaries within certain sorbent materials.
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
 A group of hydrocarbon substances, including the
Alkanes and most of the other fractions found naturally
in crude oil.
Alkane = paraffin
 A form of hydrocarbon in which seven atoms of carbon
are linked together in a straight chain, each of five
internal atoms is linked to two hydrogen atoms while
the ones at each end are linked with three.
Anchor Point
 An anchor point is a location on a boom suitable for
attaching an anchor or mooring line.
26
API Gravity
 An arbitrary scale for measuring the gravity or density
of liquid petroleum products (units API degrees). The
higher the API gravity, the lighter the compound; >38°
API is generally light, 22° - 38° is considered
intermediate and heavy crudes are commonly <22° API
Aromatic Hydrocarbon
 An unsaturated form of hydrocarbon in which some
carbon atoms have a double link with each other, e.g.
benzene, etc. These groups of hydrocarbon products
provide feedstocks for many of the main petrochemical
processes, as well as high Octane Rating gasoline blends.
So-called from their “sweet smell”.
Artificial Berm
 A manmade barrier constructed along the high tide line
to keep the sand above it from being oiled.
Asphaltene
 Compound found in oil, asphaltene content determines
the oil’s ability to form water-in-oil-emulsions.
Assay Sheet
 Chemical components of a substance.
Back Loading
 Tanker operating practice in which, following the
discharge of one product at a terminal, a second product
is loaded in the same tanks for the next voyage, without
intervening tank washing.
27
The average depth of all the oceans is around 3,795

meters, and the Arabian Gulf is 35 meters.
28
Ballast
 Ballast is weight attached to the bottom of the boom to
provide vertical stability in the water.
Ballast
 Water taken aboard a tanker, semi-submersible rig etc.
to maintain stability and distribute load stresses, e.g. in
the case of part-cargoes. Modern tankers have
segregated ballast tanks so that the water does not
become polluted with oil.
Base Stock (Base Oil)

 Refined petroleum oil used in the production of
lubricants, may be used alone or blended with other
base stocks and / or additives.
bbl/Barrel
 A volumetric unit for crude oil and petroleum products
equivalent to 42 U.S. gallons or 0.15899 m3.
Bioaccumulation
 Metals and halogenated hydrocarbons which cannot be
extracted and remain in the plants and animal’s body in
an unchanged state and are continually added to during
the life of the organism.
Biodegradation
 The changes which occur in naturally, occurring and
some synthetic organic substances by the action of
microorganisms (bacteria). The organic compounds are
converted to simpler.
29
Carbon emissions into our atmosphere are killing our coral

reefs! Our oceans are absorbing the excess carbon dioxide and
becoming more acidic. The acid is literally ‘eating away' the
skeleton of the corals.
30
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

 Index of water pollution which represents the content of
biochemically degradable substances in the water
sample.
Bioremediation
 A treatment technology that use biological activity to
reduce the concentration or toxicity of contaminants;
materials are added to contaminated environments to
accelerate natural biodegradation.
Black Oil
 A persistent oil that may be crude oil or distilled crude
cutting the fractions heavier than middle distillates, fuel
oil or other products orienting from crude oil. The term
excludes lubricating oils, gas oil, and other clear refined
products.
Blowout
 Uncontrolled flow of gas, oil or other fluids from a well
into the atmosphere, which occurs when formation
pressure exceeds the pressure applied to it by the
column of drilling fluid.
Booms
 Booms are flexible floating barriers which extend above
and below the water surface to either contain and
concentrate spilled oil for recovery, or to prevent oil
spill or chronic pollution from affecting industrial or
sensitive areas.
31
More than 260 animal species worldwide have become

entangled in or consumed fishing line, nets, ropes and
other discarded equipment.
32
Bubble Barriers
 A rising curtain of bubbles which can be produced when
air is pumped into a perforated pipe located below the
water surface.
Bunker ‘C’
 A heavy residual fuel oil obtained as a result of
distillation of crude oil and used as fuel primarily for
marine steam generation.
Bunker Oil
 An oil of high viscosity used as fuel.
Burning
 Controlled burning of oil slicks or stranded oil by the
addition of gasoline, kerosene or lighter fluids, or the use
of wicking agents such as straw, moss or sawdust.
Catamaran
 A boat with twin hulls.
Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring (CALM)

 It is one type of the Single Buoy Mooring (SBM), used as
tanker terminals. Vessels are moored to this system by
one or more hawsers attached to the rotating deck. It
consists of mooring buoy, chain and anchor system,
mooring assemblies and floating and submarine hose
strings.
Centipoise (cP)
 A centipoise is a non-SI (non-System International)
measurement of unit of dynamic viscosity in the
33
centimeter gram second (CGS) system of units. It is

multiple of the CGS base viscosity unit named poise (P).
Centistoke (cSt)
 It is a kinematic viscosity measurement unit.
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

 The amount of oxygen consumed in the chemical
oxidation of organic matter.
Chocolate Mousse
 Name given to the water-in-oil emulsion observed to
form naturally under certain weather conditions when
crude oil is spilt at sea.
Not all oil form chocolate mousse with equal ease. The
name is indicative of the characteristic appearance of
the water-in-oil.
Chronic Exposure
 It is a continuous of pollutants over a long time of
effluent, i.e., a refinery discharge. The initial damage
may be much less than from an acute oil spill, but since
the discharge continuous, natural recovery, cannot
begin and the damage is progressive.
Chronic Toxicity
 The lethal amount when the substance is administered
over a long time.
Claim
 Any demand presented by a party to another party to
cover remedy resulted from encountered damage.
34
Mangroves trap and cycle various organic materials,

chemical elements, and important nutrients.
35
Clean-up Contractors
 They are private companies to assist in responding to oil
spills. However, there companies play an essential role
in any spill response program by providing manpower
and equipment.
Clean-up Cost
 The accumulated cost associated with an oil spill clean-
up operations.
Clean Ballast Tank (CBT)

 The term refers to a procedure for dedicating certain
clean cargo tanks for use as ballast tanks.
Commercial well
 A well capable of producing profitably.
Condensate
 A natural gas liquid with a low vapour pressure,
compared with natural gasoline and liquefied petroleum
gas (API gravity is typically 50° - 120°). It is produced
from a deep well where the temperature and pressure
are high. Gas condenses as it rises up the wellbore and
reaches the surface as condensate. Similarly,
condensate separates out naturally in pipelines or in a
separation plant by the normal process of condensation.
Containment
 The process of preventing the spread of oil beyond the
area where it has been spilled in order to minimize
pollution and facilitate recovery.
36
Contaminated Ballast
 In a tanker, ballast water which has become mixed with
oil.
Contamination
 The presence of elevated concentrations of substances
in the water, sediments or organisms, i.e.,
concentrations that are above the natural background
level for the area and for the organism.
Crude Oil
 An unrefined mixture of naturally occurring
hydrocarbons. Because it is essentially a mixture, the
density and properties of crude oil vary widely.
Crude Oil Washing (COW)

 This technique involves use of the oil itself as a washing
agent during the discharge of a crude oil cargo by a high
pressure jet washing system. Part of the cargo is
pumped to washing machines as the tanks empty. The
residues are, thus, washed into the cargo and discharged
to the shore tanks.
Cutting Oil
 Mineral oil, fatty oil or mixtures of these, sometimes
containing additives, for use in cutting fluid, rolling
lubricant, etc., during the drilling operations.
Debris
 Any solid or semisolid substances that could interfere
with the operation of a spill control system.
37
Deployment
 Placing the response equipment in the water and
making it operational.
Detergent
 A surface-active chemical which is particularly useful in
physically lifting or removing unwanted adherent
material from a solid surface. Most detergent
formulations are too toxic for use as oil dispersants.
Dirty Cargo
 Crude oil, or any cargo containing black oil or residual
oils.
Dispersant Spray System

 Dispersant Spray System are used in spill cleanups to
apply dispersants rapidly, particularly over slicks that
cover a large area. Generally they consist of the
following components; a pump that transfers the
dispersant under pressure from a storage tank to spray
equipment; spray booms that are either suspended over
the side of the boat, extended or devices that are fixed at
intervals along the spray booms and force the
dispersant into spray droplets during application.
Dispersants
 Chemicals which reduce the surface tension between oil
and water, and thereby facilitate the breakup and
dispersal of the slick throughout the water column in the
form of oil-in water emulsion where the Biodegradation
rate can be accelerated.
38
An astounding 80 per cent of all marine turtles are

affected by marine debris.
39
Dispersion
 Breaking up of an oil slick to form tiny oil droplets,
smaller droplets remain in suspension in the water
column and larger droplets rise back to the surface.
Dispersion can be natural (through wave action) or
chemical (through use of dispersants).
Dry Gas
 Natural gas, methane and ethane, without any
significant content of heavier hydrocarbon fractions.
Eco System
 The interaction between plants, animals and their
environment.
Effluent
 Waste products emitted by an operation or process.
Emulsion
 A mixture of two non-miscible liquids such oil and
water. In water-in-oil emulsions, water is the internal
phase and oil the external; in oil-in-water emulsions,
water is external phase and oil the internal. In either
case there is a significant concentration of both liquids
and the appearance of the emulsion of both liquids and
the appearance of the emulsion is different from either
of the original liquids.
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)

 Techniques sometimes described as Tertiary Recovery.
They include, for example, injection of surfactant or
40
polymer into the reservoir, fire flooding, steam injection,

and microbial action.
Environmental Sensitivity
 The susceptibility of a local environment or area to any
disturbance which might decrease its stability or result
in either short or long term adverse impacts.
Equipment
 All items used during oil spill response which, with
proper operation and maintenance, can be expected to
be effectively reused after oil spill response operations.
Evaporation
 When a crude oil spilt and exposed in a thin layer, the
most volatile components, notably light alkanes and
aromatics, are lost within hours by evaporation to the
air; less volatile components are lost more slowly.
Flare Stack
 Is the tower from the top of which the burn – off can
safely take place. During this operation a pollution
standby boat should be on site.
Flaring Operation
 An event for burning of unwanted gases or to burn off
hydrocarbons which due to temporary malfunction or
maintenance of process plant, cannot be safely stored or
retained in process vessels.
41
Four major factors appear to limit the distribution of

mangroves: climate, salt water, tidal fluctuation and soil
type.
42
Flash Point
 Lowest temperature under very specific conditions at
which a combustible liquid will give off sufficient vapour
to form a flammable mixture with air in a standardized
vessel i.e. volatility of the product.
Floating Weir Skimmer

 A type of skimmer that allows oil to flow over the top
edge of the weir into the collecting vessel where the oil
is pumped away.
Free Board
 The part of a floating boom designed to prevent waves
from waves from washing oil over the top.
Fuel Oil
 A heavy distillate, residue or mixture of the two. It is
used as a fuel for the production of heat or power.
Harbor Booms
 These booms are commonly used in and around
harbors, terminals and other near shore facilities. At
these locations, waves are typically short and choppy
and causes a condition that promotes oil splash over.
These booms are usually light, highly buoyant, and

flexible. Typical measurements of these booms are:
(1) Free board between 25 – 40 cm
(2) Draft between 40 to 60 cm
(3) Length less than 50 meters.
43
The Marine Pollution Control Unit has many types of

harbor booms such as Acme, Hoyle Marine, Flexy and
Expandi booms
Hazard Zone
 An area where special safety precautions apply.
Hydrocarbons
 Organic compounds of carbon and hydrogen.
Immediate Protection
 Protection until any necessary outside assistance can be
secured.
Inland Waters
 Land locked areas of water or waterways unaffected by
tidal water movements.
Inshore Boom
 Any oil boom used at sea areas close to land with an
overall height (draught, and freeboard) not on more
than 90 centimeters in its operational configuration.
This type of boom is usually small, light and simply
constructed.
Lethal Concentration (LC50)

 The concentration of toxin at which 50% of the test
organisms are killed within a special time. This time is
commonly 48 hours or 96 hours.
44
Light Ends
 The group of petroleum products with lower boiling
temperatures including gasolines and distillate fuels.
Load on Top (LOT)

 Technique used on board the tanker to separate the oil
residues from the water and retaining them in a holding
tank (or slop tank) which could be one of the normal
cargo tanks.
Manual Removal
 Removal of oil and contaminated debris by hand tools
such as rakes, scrapers, shovels etc.
Major Oil Spills

 Any oil spills greater than 5000 bbls in size. For these
spills, assistance may be requested from the
government where the oil spills happen, RECSO and
Contractors as necessary.
Marine Pollution
 Any direct or indirect introduction of substances or
including oil to the marine environment resulting in
such deleterious effects as harm to living resources,
hazards to human health hindrance to marine activities
including fishing; impairment of quality for use of sea
water and reduction of amenities.
Marine Pollution Engineer

 A specialist in controlling the pollution in the Marine
Environment, providing adequate responses / different
type of techniques to overcome the problem.
45
Marine Waters
 Open sea and all areas that are affected by tidal water
movements or the incursion of seawater.
Medium Oil Spill

 Any oil spill between 50 and 5000 bbls in size. Spills of
this size carry the potential of substantial environmental
impact and generally require clean-up operation.
Minor Oil Spill

 Any oil spill less than 50 bbls in size. This spill has a
minimal adverse environmental effect, but represent no
hazard to personal or equipment. Cleanup operation
might be needed.
Natural Cleaning
 Natural mechanisms such as wind and wave action,
sunlight and natural microbial action that promote
removal, breakdown and disposal of oil. This process
happen without use of added chemicals or physical
labor.
Natural Gas Liquids (NGL)

 Liquids derived from natural gas, including LPG and
natural gasoline. The term usually excludes LNG.
46
If oil is spilled onto the sea, the sun, wind, waves and tides can
change the way the oil looks and moves.
47
Offshore Boom
 Any boom used at sea areas well away from land with an
overall height (draught and freeboard) greater than 120
centimeters depending on the sea state in its operational
configuration.
These types of booms are usually massive and generally
require a mechanical handling aids, such as reels and
power assisted pulling and lifting devices to deploy and
retrieve them. Marine Pollution Control Unit has many
types of offshore booms, i.e., deck reel, RO boom,
bridgestone and troilbooms.
Offshore Facility
 Any facility of any kind located in, on, or under any of the
navigable waters.
Oil
 A material of animal, vegetable or mineral origin having
an oily consistency, being fluid or reasonably fluid at
room temperatures.
Oil-Based-Mud
 Drilling mud in which the solids are suspended in a
hydrocarbon distillate rather than water.
Oil Field
 A group / single of hydrocarbons reservoirs in a
common geological setting.
48
Oil Spill
 Any discharge or escape of persistent hydrocarbon,
from general shipping, oil tankers, or from onshore /
offshore facilities, into the marine environment.
Oil Spill Contingency And Response (OSCAR)

 A Spill modelling software. OSCAR is a state of the art
model and simulation tool for predicting the fates and
effects of oil released during an accidental release of oil,
either from a platform or a vessel. OSCAR provides
insight in the behavior of oil during an accident and
captures the effects of contingency and response,
allowing for contingency analysis and planning as well
as hind- and forecasting.
Oil Spill Information System (OSIS)

 A Microsoft Windows based software tool for predicting
the trajectory and dispersion of oil spills at sea and the
changes in slick viscosity, flash point and volume that
result from weathering.
Oil Spill Response

 Is an operation mounted to cleanup a spill of oil on water
to minimize the consequences impact and to prevent
further spillage.
OILMAP
 A spill modelling software, provides rapid predictions of
the movement of spilled oil. It includes simple graphical
procedures for entering both wind and hydrodynamic
data and specifying a spill scenario.
49
Oleophilic Skimmer
 This type of skimmer operates on the principle of oil
selectively adsorbing to a particular material (i.e. plastic,
synthetic ropes, or certain metals), while water is
rejected (such as Komara skimmer, Morris skimmer).
On Scene Coordinator
 The individual appointed by the response authority to
assess a spill situation and to coordinate containment,
cleanup and restoration activities.
Onshore Facility
 Any facility of any kind located in, on, or under any land
within the country, other than submerged lands, which
is not a transportation related facility.
Organic Chemicals
 Substances derived from living organisms, such as oil in
the natural state.
Pooled Oil
 Oil thickness exceeds 1cm. This needs not be uniform.
Pour Point
 Temperature below which oil starts to solidify and no
longer flows freely.
Recovery
 In oil spill cleanup, the entire process or any operation
contributing to the physical removal of spilled oil from
land, water or shoreline environments.
50
Mangroves serve as roosting and nesting sites for many of

our birds.
51
Refinery
 Plant and processes such as distillation, cracking etc.
where crude oil and other hydrocarbon feedstocks are
converted into marketable commodities.
Rig
 A collective term to describe the permanent equipment
needed for drilling a well. It has come to include the
onshore and offshore vehicles, mobile platforms, or
vessels on which the equipment is installed.
Risk
 A measure of potential economic loss or human injury in
terms of the probability of the loss or injury occurring
and the magnitude of the loss or injury if occurs.
Sedimentation
 With the time oil may be adsorbed on, or mixed with
particulate matter (i.e. sand) and be carried to the sea
floor. Once oil becomes incorporated into the bottom
sediments, biological degradation state up, but very
slow.
Segregated Ballast
 In some modern tankers, the ballast water which reduce
buoyancy and load stresses under different weather
conditions is carried in separate compartments and
does not come in contact with oil.
52
Sensitivity Maps
 Maps used by oil spill response teams which designate
areas of biological, social and economic importance in a
given region. These maps often prioritize sensitive
areas so that in the event of an extensive spill these areas
can be protected or cleanup first.
Single Anchor Leg Mooring (SALM)

 It is one type of the Single Point Mooring (SPM), used as
tanker terminals. Vessels are moored to this system by
one or more hawsers connected to the mooring buoy.
The mooring buoy is designed to carry a horizontal and
vertical forces which result from the mooring loads. The
leg is usually large chain with a swivel incorporated to
allow buoy rotation and prevent chain torqueing.
Single Buoy Mooring (SBM)

 A single buoy mooring is used for loading the oil tanker.
The oil is fed to or from the center of the SBM from
below, and the mooring gear and loading hoses can
swivel above the buoy through a full circuit. The tanker
moors bows-on, and “weathervanes” around the buoy,
presenting the minimum frontal area to the combined
forces of wind and sea.
Sinking Agents
 Are high density materials that absorbs oil and resulting
an oil sinking to the sea bed, such as sand, fly ash, and
rubber powdered cement.
53
Skimmers
 A mechanical device that remove an oil film from the
water surface.
Skirt
 The portion of a floating boom which lies below the
water surface and provides the basic barrier to the
spread of an oil slick or the loss of oil beneath the boom.
Slick
 The common term used to describe a film of oil (usually
less than 2 micron thick) on the water surface.
Slop Oil
 The suspended oily layer obtained by settling tank
washings in a slops tank. Slops oil, as settled, commonly
contains up to 80% of water as a dispersed phase; this
concentration may sometimes be exceeded.
Slop Tank
 Temporary storage for oil-contaminated water.
Sorbents
 Oil sorbents are placed on the surface of an oil slick to
recover the spilled oil by either adsorption, in which the
oil is attracted to the sorbent surface and then adheres
to it, or absorption, in which the oil penetrates the pores
of the sorbent material.
54
Sour Oil / Gas

 Oil or gas with a relatively high content of (odorous,
poisonous or corrosive) Sulphur compounds such as
Hydrogen Sulphide.
Spilling Party
 Any party responsible for an oil spill from its
installation.
Spreading
 Oil spilled into the water, will spread quickly into
patches. However, the extent of spreading depends
upon the nature of the oil, its density and the volume
spilled, tides, currents and wind.
Suction Skimmer
 A type of skimmer connected to a self-priming pump
that creates the suction.
Sump
 A pit or reservoir serves as a drain from which oil can be
collected.
Sweet Oil / Gas

 Oil or gas that is low in Sulphur compounds such as
Hydrogen Sulphide. Opposite of Sour Oil / Gas.
Tanker
 Any mobile storage unit for the bulk transport of crude
oil, gas, or products (e.g. road tanker), but normally
refers to shipping.
55
There are more than 50 species of mangroves found

throughout the world, only one species recorded in the
Arabian Gulf (Avicennia marina).
56
Tanker Washings
 The mixture of wash water (usually sea water) and tank
bottom residues pumped out of a cargo tank as it is
washed. The mixture is collected in a slops tank where
it is allowed to separate.
Tar Ball
 The residue of heavy crude oil in the water, ranging in
size from less than 1 mm to 10-20 cm in diameter.
Third Party
 Any non-RECSO member company or organization, etc.
Toxic Substances
 Any substances which may cause death, disability or
discomfort to human or animal when it exists in
adequate quantities.
Toxicity
 Is a measure of how poisonous a substance is, or how
large a dose is required to kill or damage an organism;
the more toxic the substance, the smaller the lethal dose.
Although the concept of toxicity appears
straightforward, measuring it is subject to many
complicating factors.
Trunk Line
 Long distance pipelines, as distinct from field, gathering,
or branch lines.
57
Ultra Large Crude Carrier (ULCC)

 A crude oil tanker, often defined as having a deadweight
tonnage or cargo capacity of 350,000 tons or more.
Viscosity
 The resistance of a fluid to flow, due to the mutual
adherence of its molecules.
Waste Water
 Any polluted water resulting from industrial or
agricultural operations or other activities with similar
environmental effects which may also include sewage.
Weathered Crude Oil

 A weathered crude oil may incorporate sea water, and
could ultimately give rise to semi-solid pitch-like
deposit resembling asphalt.
Weathering
 The processes undergone by oil when exposed on the
surface of the sea to wind and wave action. These
include physical, chemical and biological processes.
Windrows
 After a few hours the oil slick begins to break up and
form narrow bands or windrows parallel to the wing
direction.
58
Fine fishing net take at least 600 years (much longer for
heavier nets) to break down in the ocean.
59
Conversion Factors
Length
1 Inch = 2.54 centimeters

1 meter = 3.281 feet
1 meter = 1.094 yard
1 mile = 1.609 kilometers
Volume
Volume
Volume
1 Barrel = 42 usg
1 gallon = 3.785 liters
1 cubic meter = 35.3 cubic feet
1 cubic meter = 6.29 barrels
1 long ton = 2,240 pounds
1 long ton = 7.45 barrels
1 metric ton = 2,205 pounds
1 metric ton = 7.33 barrels
Volume
Area
Volume
1 square mile = 2.59 square kilometers

1 square foot = 0.093 square meter
60
Volume
Weight
Volume
1 metric ton = 2,204.62 lbs

1 kilogram = 2.2 pounds
1 kilogram = 1,000 gram
1 short ton = 0.907 metric
1 long ton = 1.016 metric ton
Volume
Water Depth
Volume
1 fathom = 1.8 meters

= 6 feet
Volume
Speed
Volume
1 knots = 1.85 kilometers/hr.

= 0.5 meter/sec.
61
The Pacific Ocean is the largest as well as the deepest

ocean on the planet.
62
Marine Ports / Shipping Companies

A
Abu Dhabi Marine Operating Abu Dhabi National Tanker
Company (ADMA-OPCO) Company (ADNATCO)
P. O. Box 303, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E. P.O. Box 2977, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E
Tel.: +971 2 606 0000 Tel.: +971 2 602 8600 / 602 8400
Fax: +971 2 626 6005 Fax: +971 2 672 3999
Web: www.adma-opco.com Email: info@adnatcongsco.ae
Web: www.adnatco.com
Abu Hasseer Marine &

Abu Dhabi Shipping Agency
Industrial Equipment Co. L.L.C
P. O. Box 46103, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E P.O. Box 27028, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E.
Tel.: +971 2 644 9100 Tel.: +971 2 644 8129
Fax: +971 2 644 7783 / 644 7788 Fax: +971 2 644 0100
Email: adsaauh@adsa.ae Email: info@ahmmarine.com
Web: www.adsa.ae Web: www.ahmmarine.com
Al Jaber Shipping Agency &

Al Jazeera Port
Marine Works L.L.C
Abu Dhabi, U.A.E. P.O. Box 5681
Tel.: +971 2 555 4300 Tel.: +971 7 244 6627 * 202
Fax: +971 2 555 3370 Fax: +971 7 244 6651
Email: Hamza.altanger@aje.ae Email: info@aljazeeraport.ae
Web: www.ajshipping.com Web: www.aljazeeraport.ae
Al Jazeera Shipping Company (AJS) Al Mataf Shipping L.L.C.

P.O. Box 302, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain P.O. Box 91488, Dubai, U.A.E.
Tel.: +973 17728837 Tel.: +971 4 239 9001
Fax: +973 17728217 Fax: +971 4 239 9002
Email: almelaha@ajsco.com Email: almataf1@emirates.net.ae
Web: www.ajsco.com Web: www.almatafshipping.com
Alco Group of Companies Al-Kahlul International L.L.C.

P.O. Box 19525, Sharjah, U.A.E. P.O. Box 470, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
Tel.: +971 6 748 7728, 742 0446 Tel.: +968 24482774 / +968 24478882
Fax: +971 6 748 7729, 742 0447 Fax: +968 24481624
Email: alcoshp@emirates.net.ae Email: kahlul@omantel.net.om
Web: www.alcoshipping.com Web: www.alkahlul.com
63
Marine Ports / Shipping Companies - cont'd

Arab Heavy Industries
Pr.J.S.C. (AHI)
P.O. Box 529, Ajman, U.A.E.
Tel.: 971 - 6 - 5263232
Fax: 971 - 6 - 5263233
Email: marketing@ahi-uae.com
Web: www.ahi-uae.com
B
Baaboud Trading and Shipping
Bahregan Marine Services (BMS)
Agencies (BTSA)
P.O. Box 7262 Jeddah 21462, Saudi Arabia Tehran, IRAN
Tel.: +966 2 6270000 Tel.: +98 (0) 21 22076891-4
Fax: +966 2 6271111 Fax: +98 (0) 21 22368067
Email: info@Baaboud.net Email: info@bahregan.com
Web: www.baaboud.net Web: www.bahregan.com
Blue Fin International Shipping

Dubai, U.A.E.
Tel.: +971 4 4564888
Fax: +971 4 4207619
Email: bluefin@emirates.net.ae
Web: www.bluefinshipping.com
C
Clarion Shipping Services L.L.C Consolidated Shipping Services (CSS)
P.O. Box 43030, Dubai, U.A.E. P.O. Box 27802, Dubai, U.A.E.
Tel.: +971 4 3333 852 Tel.: +971 4 3248884
Fax: +971 4 3333 862 Fax: +971 4 3249994
Email: clarion@eim.ae Email: info@cssdubai.com
Web: www.clarionshipping.com Web: www.cssgroupsite.com
Corporate Shipping Agency LLC

P.O. Box 43198, Dubai, U.A.E.
Tel.: +971 4 4565310
Fax: +971 4 4565314
Email: dubai@corporateshippingagency.com
Web: www.corporateshippingagency.com
64

D
DP World (Jebel Ali Port) Drydocks World
P.O. Box 17000, Dubai, U.A.E. P.O. Box 8988, Dubai, U.A.E.
Tel.: +971 4 881 5555 Tel.: +971 4 345 0626
Fax: +971 4 887 6379 Fax: +971 4 345 0116
Email: marketing@dpworld.com Email: drydocks@drydocks.gov.ae
Web: www.dpworld.ae Web: www.drydocks.gov.ae
E
Eships Oldendorff Logistics (EOL)
P.O. Box 112575, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E.
Tel.: +971 2 642 0367
Fax: +971 2 642 03 57
Web: www.eol.ae
F
Fairdeal
P.O. Box Kastella 185 33 Piraeus Greece P.O. Box 298, Fujairah U.A.E.
Tel.: +30-210-412-2220 Tel.: +971 9 2014 102
Fax: +30-210-412-3900 Fax: +971 9 2778 383
Email: piraeus@fairdeal.gr Email: shipping@fairdeal.ae
P.O. Box 49520, Dubai, U.A.E. Web: www.fairdeal.gr
Tel.: +971 4 351 1122
Fax: +971 4 351 0222
Email: dubai@fairdeal.ae
Fender & Spill Response Services Fleet Line Shipping Services

Fujairah, U.A.E. Dubai, U.A.E
Tel.: +971 9 2282162 Tel.: +971 4 355 5562
Fax: +971 9 2282163 Fax: +971 4 357 0466
Web: www.fsrs.com Email: info@fleetlineshipping.com
Web: www.fleetlineshipping.com
Fujairah Marine Services & Trading Co. (FMS)

P.O. Box 876, Fujairah, U.A.E.
Tel.: +971 9 222 8812
Fax: +971 9 222 8817
Email: fms@fujamar.com
Web: www.fujamar.com
65

G
Gulf Agency Company Ltd (GAC)
P.O. Box 335, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia P.O. Box 17041, Jebel Ali, Dubai, U.A.E
Tel.: +966 3 832 8762 Tel.: +971 4 881 8090
Fax: +966 3 832 3035 Fax: +971 4 881 8687
Email: dammam@gac.com Email: dubai@gac.com
Web: www.gac.com/saudiarabia Web: www.gac.com/dubai
Gulf Drilling International

Gulf Energy Maritime (GEM)
Limited (GDI)
P.O. Box 9072, Doha, Qatar P.O. Box 855, Dubai, U.A.E.
Tel.: +974-44637333 Tel.: +971 4 313 5700
Fax: +974-44637222 Fax: +971 4 313 5777
Email: info@gdi.com.qa Email: gemindia@gemships.in
Web: www.gdi.com.qa Web: www.gemships.com
Gulf Marine Services (GMS) GMS Saudi Arabia

Scotland AB32 6FE, UK P.O. Box 1280, Al Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia
Tel.: +44 (0) 1224 737200 Tel.: +966 (3) 894 1700
Fax: +44 (0) 1224 737239 Fax: +966 (3) 895 2597
Email: gmsuk@gmsuae.com Email: gmsksa@gmsuae.com
Web: www.gmsuae.com Web: www.gmsuae.com
H
Halul Offshore Services HIGH SEAS Marine & Industrial
Company (HOSC), W.L.L Services CO. Ltd (HSM)
P.O. Box 24600, Doha, Qatar P.O. Box 1450, Ras Tanura 31941, Saudi Arabia
Tel.: (+974)-44339111 Tel.: +966 13 668 2570/ 2573
Fax: (+974)-44339888 Fax: +966 13 668 2158
Email: info@haluloffshore.com Email: info@highseas.com.sa
Web: www.haluloffshore.com Web: www.highseas.com.sa
I
Inchcape Shipping Services (ISS)
P.O. Box 33166, Dubai, U.A.E. P.O. Box 3757, Jeddah 21481, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Tel.: +971 4 303 8500 Tel.: +966 (0) 12 6143035/6142488
Fax: +971 4 334 5622 Fax: +966 (0) 12 6145535
Email: youriss.dubai@iss-shipping.com Email: youriss.jeddah@iss-shipping.com
Web: www.iss-shipping.com Web: www.iss-shipping.com
66

J
Jawar Al Khaleej Shipping L.L.C.
Tel.: +971 4 295 5810
Fax: +971 4 2955840
Email: info@jawaralkhaleej.com
Web: www.jawaralkhaleej.com
K
Khalid Faraj Shipping
P.O. Box 995, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E.
Tel.: +971 2 69 84 999
Fax: +971 2 6659218
Email: kfship@emirates.net.ae
Web: www.khalidfarajshipping.com
L
Linden Shipping International (LSI) Liwa Marine Service
P.O. Box 49252, Sharjah, U.A.E. P.O. Box 995, Abu Dhabi
Tel.: +971 6 526 0003 Tel.: +971 2 69 84 999
Fax: +971 6 526 1930 +971 2 666 33 95
Email: mail@lindeninternational.ae Fax: +971 2 6679391
Web: www.lindeninternational.ae Web: www.liwamarine.com
M
Makamin Offshore Saudi Ltd (MOS) Marine Core & Charter (MC2)
P.O. Box 147 Al Khobar, 31952, K.S.A. P.O. Box 117241 Dubai, U.A.E.
Tel.: +966 858 7960 Tel.: +971 4 453 8338
Fax: +966 858 8028 Fax: +971 4 453 7943
Email: info@makaminoffshore.com Email: info@marinec2.com
Web: www.makaminoffshore.com Web: www.marinec2.com
Maritime Industrial Services

Marine Services Co., Ltd.
Co. Ltd. Inc. (MIS)
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia P.O. Box 11187, Jubail 31961, Saudi Arabia
Tel.: +966 12 648 2146 Tel.: +966 13 341 6376
Fax: +966 12 648 2145 Fax: +966 13 341 2784,
Email: mb@al-zakir.com Email: adc@misarabia.com.sa
Email: salah@mscl-marser.com Web: www.misarabia.com.sa
Web: mscl-marser.com
67

McDermott Mesco Marine Services (MMS)
Houston, TX 77079 United States of America P.O. Box 30165, Sharjah, U.A.E.
Tel.: (1) 281.870.5000 Tel.: +971 6 528 4611
Fax: +971 6 528 4610
Singapore, 319579 Email: mesco@mescomarine.ae
Tel.: (65) 6561.2288 Web: www.mescomarine.com
Email: APmarketing@mcdermott.com
Web: www.mcdermott.com

Tel.: +971 4 883 5200
Email: business.development@mcdermott.com
Middle East Navigation Aids

Miclyn Express Offshore (MEO)
Service (MENAS)
Southeast Asia HQ, Singapore 099254 P.O. Box 66, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
Tel.: +65-6545 6211 / 6829 6100 Tel.: +973 17 828 541
Fax: +65-6820 0167 Fax: +973 17 727 765
Email: marketing@meogroup.com Email: info@menas.com.bh
Web: Web: www.menas.org
Middle East HQ, PO Box no 42112, Sharjah, UAE
Tel.: +971 6 526 1244
Fax: +971 6 526 1273
Mohammad Al Mojil Group (MMG) Monjasa

P.O. Box 11, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia P.O. Box 340844, Dubai, U.A.E.
Tel.: +966-3-842-1111, +966-3-844-9111 Tel.: +971 4 420 8600
Fax: +966-3-842-5079, +966-3-842-5612 Fax: +971 4 432 8637
Email: info@almojilgroup.com Email: dubai@monjasa.com
Web: www.almojilgroup.com Web: www.monjasa.com
N
Naghi Marine Company National Drilling Compa ny (NDC)
P.O. Box 5557, Jeddah 21432, K.S.A. P.O. Box 4017, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E.
Tel.: +966 12 261-0515/16 Tel.: +971 2 677 6100
Web: www.naghimarine.com Fax: +971 2 677 9937
Email: webmaster@ndc.ae
Web: www.ndc.ae
68

National Gas Shipping
National Shipping Services LLC
Company (NGSCO)
P.O. Box 2600, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E. P.O. Box 2939, Dubai, U.A.E.
Tel.: +971 2 602 8600, +971 2 602 8400 Tel.: +971 4 370 9208 / 337 9071
Fax: +971 2 672 3999 Fax: +971 4 355 8222
Email: info@adnatcongsco.ae Email: enquiry@nationaldubai.ae
Web: www.adnatco.com Web: www.nationaldubai.com
O
Ocean Bulk Shipping LLC (OBS)
Al Karama, Dubai, U.A.E.
Tel.: +971 4 396 3777
Fax: +971 4 396 3414
Email: sales@oceanbulkers.com
Web: www.oceanbulkers.com
P
Petro Rabigh Platinum Shipping & Logistics LLC
P.O. Box 666, Rabigh 21911, K.S.A. P.O. Box 29515, Dubai, U.A.E.
Tel.: +966 12 425 0390 Tel.: +971 4 335 2970
Fax: +966 12 425 4444 Fax: +971 4 335 6563
Web: www.petrorabigh.com Email: info@platinum-shipping.com
Web: www.platinum-shipping.com
R
Rais Hassan Saadi Group (RHS
Group)
P.O. Box 7 Dubai, U.A.E.
Tel.: +971 4 352 1515
Fax: +971 4 352 6412
Email: c.supervisor@rhsgroup.com
Web: www.rhsgroup.com
S
Saudi Shipping & Maritime
Sabelatrans Shipping Global (SSG)
Service Co. Ltd. (Tranship)
P.O. Box 40435, Ajman, U.A.E. P.O. Box 7522, Jeddah 21472, K.S.A.
Tel.: +971 6 745 7906 Tel.: +966 2 642 4255
Fax: +971 6 7457908 Fax: +966 2 643 2821
Email: ssgchart@eim.ae, info@sabelatrans.com Email: bunker@tranship.com
Web: www.sabelatrans.com Web: www.ssmsc.com
69

Seaport International
Seamax Ship Management LLC
Shipping Co. LLC (SIS
P.O. Box 32212, Dubai, U.A.E. P.O. Box 2080, Sharjah, U.A.E.
Tel.: +971 4 379 6405 Tel.: +971 06 528 5488
Fax: +971 4 379 6406 Fax: +971 06 528 3233
Email: info@seamaxuae.com Email: info@seaportuae.com
Web: www.seamaxuae.com Web: www.seaportuae.com
Sharaf Shipping Agency (SSA) Simatech Shipping & Forwarding

P.O. Box 576, Dubai, U.A.E. P.O. Box 23743, Dubai - U.A.E.
Tel.: +971 4 352 0555 Tel.: +971 4 366 3838
Fax: +971 4 352 0531 Fax: +971 4 452 2249
Email: info@sharafshipping.com Email: info@simatech.com
Web: www.sharafshipping.com Web: www.simatech.com
Smit Lamnalco Swire Pacific Offshore (SPO)

3087 BM Rotterdam, The Netherlands Singapore 199555
Tel.: +31 88 076 4800 Tel.: +65 6309 3600
Fax: +31 88 076 4801 Email: info@swire.com.sg
Email: info@smitlamnalco.com Web: www.swire.com.sg
Web:
P.O. Box 5687 Sharjah, U.A.E.
Tel.: +971 6 517 2222
Fax: +971 6 574 9090
Email: info@smitlamnalco.com
Web: www.smitlamnalco.com
T
The National Shipping
Company of Saudi Arabia Topaz Energy and Marine
(BAHRI (NSCSA))
P.O. Box 8931, Riyadh 11492, K.S.A. 4905, Al Khobar 31952, K.S.A.
Tel.: +966-11-4785454 Tel.: +966 13 8353630
Fax: +966-11-4778036 / 477-7478 Fax: +966 13 833 41 58
Email: info@bahri.sa Email: saudi.arabia@topaz-marine.com
Web: www.bahri.sa Web: www.topazworld.com
70

Transworld Group of Companies
Tel.: +971 4 803 5400
Fax: +971 4 886 0086
Email: tgc@transworld.com
Web: www.transworld.com
V
Valentine Maritime (VM) Victory Marine Services WLL (VMS)
P.O. Box 45877 Abu Dhabi, U.A.E. Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
Tel.: +971 2 555 5868 Tel.: +973 1770 2731
Fax: +971 2 555 9991 Fax: +973 1770 2741
Email: vmgl@vmgulf.com Email: info@vms-world.com
Web: www.vmgulf.com Web: www.vms-world.com
W
West Group Logistics Ports
Wilhelmsen Ships Service
Services
Jeddah, Saudi Arabian N-1324 Lysaker, Norway
Tel.: +966 9 2001 2003 Tel.: (+47) 67 58 40 00
Fax: +966 9 2001 2007 Fax: (+47) 67 58 40 80
Email: info@westgroup01.com Email: wss.info@wilhelmsen.com
Web: www.westgroup01.com Web: www.wilhelmsen.com
Y
Yusuf Bin Ahmed Kanoo W.L.L. (YBA)
P.O. Box 45, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
Tel.: +973 1722 0220
Fax: +973 1722 9122
Email: infobah@ybakanoo.net
Web: www.kanoo.com
Z
Zamil Mermaid Offshore Zamil Operations and Maint.
Services Company (ZMOS) Company, Limited (ZOMCO)
P.O. Box 1922Al-Khobar 31952, K.S.A. P.O. Box 1922, Al-Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia
Tel.: +966 3 882 4423 Tel.: +966 3 8822494
Fax: +966 3 882 2032 Fax: +966 3 8822032
Email: info@zamilmermaid.com Email: zomco@zamil-om.com
Web: www.zamilmermaid.com Web: www.zamil-om.com
71
72
Regional Clean Sea Organisation (RECSO)

P.O. Box 58142
City Tower 1, Unit #304
Sheikh Zayed Road
Dubai, U.A.E.
Tel.: +971 4 331 4443
Fax: +971 4 331 1933
E-mail: info@recso1972.com
Website: www.recso.org
To request this document, please call RECSO at +971 4 331

4443.
73

Terminology

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RECSO - MARINE POLLUTION TERMINOLOGY

First Edition 2015

RECSO Main Members

Mr. Fadhel Boresle Kuwait Oil Company

Mr. Emad Khadir Naghi Marine

Capt. Ahmad A. Ahmad KOC

© Copy rights reserved for RECSO 2015

 Acronyms and Abbreviations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6

 Organizations / Agencies / Environmental Firms _ _ _ _ 8

 Marine Ports / Shipping Companies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _63

The Marine Pollution Terminology booklet is prepared to

A total of 257 acronyms & abbreviations, 142 glossary terms are

RECSO team members would like to thank all those who

RECSO is a non-profit organization with the genuine objective

RECSO’s vision is to achieve “Clean Gulf” environment in the

The prime responsibility of RECSO today is to protect the

Keep it away from the gulf.

Acronyms and Abbreviations

Gulf Oil Companies

Gulf Oil Companies - cont'd

Organizations / Agencies / Environmental Firms

Organizations / Agencies / Environmental Firms - cont'd

Organizations / Agencies / Environmental Firms - cont'd

Organizations / Agencies / Environmental Firms - cont'd

Organizations / Agencies / Environmental Firms - cont'd

Organizations / Agencies / Environmental Firms - cont'd

Organizations / Agencies / Environmental Firms - cont'd

Conventions / Agreements - cont'd

Accidental Discharge of oil

Every day ships throughout the world discard 5.5 million

The average depth of all the oceans is around 3,795

Base Stock (Base Oil)

Carbon emissions into our atmosphere are killing our coral

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

More than 260 animal species worldwide have become

Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring (CALM)

centimeter gram second (CGS) system of units. It is

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

Mangroves trap and cycle various organic materials,

Clean Ballast Tank (CBT)

Crude Oil Washing (COW)

Dispersant Spray System

An astounding 80 per cent of all marine turtles are

Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)

polymer into the reservoir, fire flooding, steam injection,

Four major factors appear to limit the distribution of

Floating Weir Skimmer

These booms are usually light, highly buoyant, and

The Marine Pollution Control Unit has many types of

Lethal Concentration (LC50)

Load on Top (LOT)

Major Oil Spills

Marine Pollution Engineer

Medium Oil Spill

Minor Oil Spill

Natural Gas Liquids (NGL)

Oil Spill Contingency And Response (OSCAR)

Oil Spill Information System (OSIS)

Oil Spill Response

Mangroves serve as roosting and nesting sites for many of

Single Anchor Leg Mooring (SALM)

Single Buoy Mooring (SBM)

Sour Oil / Gas

Sweet Oil / Gas