Ashmeet

Lab 1
Observations:

Resistor Resistance LED Brightness Current (amps)

Brown Black Brown =100 Very Bright/ maybe the highest brightness I = E/R
Possible. I= 5/100
I= 0.05 Amps

Yellow Violet brown =470 Bright not dull though I=E/R

I= 5/470
I= 0.010 Amps

Brown Black Red/ = 1,000 Dull I=E/R

I= 5/1000
I= 0.005 Amps

Discussion:

1. The more resistance we had the more dull the LED became. (More resistance =
Dimmer light)
2. I think that the more resistance we add the more the LED would become duller
Summarize:
To conclude the more resistance we had the slower the current was in the circuit. The more
duller the light bulb got because of the slower current flow.

Lab 2
Observations:

Diod LED Diode Markings

1 Silver side to the LED away Somewhat bright, Silver side to the LED away
position from Resistor dull from Resistor

2 Silver side towards the Doesn’t light up Silver side towards the
position resistor resistor

Discussion:
1. The changes in the brightness were that we reverse the diode the Led doesn't light
up.
 Ashmeet

2. The possible observations that we made were that if both the LED and resistor were
reversed then the circuit wouldn't work because the LED has the negative side
connected to the positive side.
3. My hypothesis is that if the diode is reversed then the LED will more duller than if it
was connected in the normal position.

summarize :

Lab 3:

Observations:

Circuit LED Brightness

A (Regular Resistor) Bright

B(Series) Dull

C(Parallel) Bright

Disscussion questions:

1. Circuit 3a, which had one (1) 470 ohm resistor, was used as a reference to the other two (2)
circuits, so comparisons could be made. Circuit 3a was (usually/ in a common and regular way)
bright. Circuit 3b had two (2) 470 ohm resistors in series; this circuit was the dimmest compared to
3a and 3c. Finally, circuit 3c with two (2) 470 ohms together. This circuit's LED was the brightest.

2..Resistors have two formulas to calculate vales; when in series and when together. The value of
resistors in series can be calculated with: Rt=R1+R2+etc. This hints that the total resistance is the
total of all resistors in series. The value of resistors in parallel can be calculated with:
Rt=1/{(1/R1)+(1/R2)+etc.}. This will produce a smaller resistor value than in series since it's getting
divided. In the experiment, resistors in series would have a total of 940 ohms, and a much dimmer
LED compared to resistors together, where the total resistance is 235 ohms; the brightest LED.

3. If there were 3 resistors in series (circuit 3b), the resistance would be higher than it now is,
therefore a dimmer LED. However, if three resistors were placed in parallel (circuit 3c), the
resistance would be lower, therefore a brighter LED.
 Ashmeet

Lab 4a
Discussion:

1. The state of the input determines whether the LED is on or off. When the input is low
(ground), the LED is off. However, when the input is high, the LED is on.

2. This circuit could be used to determine what voltage is running through a digital circuit (Digital
circuits use either 5V or ground). If the LED turned on, it would show that the digital circuit has a
5V charge running through it.

Lab 4b

Discussion:

1. The state of the input determines whether the LED is on or off. When the input is low
(ground), the LED is off. However, when the input is high , the LED is on.

2. This circuit could be used to determine what voltage is running through a digital circuit (Digital
circuits use either 5V or ground). If the LED turned on, it would show that the digital circuit has a
5V charge running through it.

Lab 5
Discussion:

1. One LED segment lights when one pin is connected to the ground.

2. This seven-segment display could be used in digital clocks, digital watches, CD Players (track
number), Radios, Instrument Panels, etc. Anywhere were binary data must be displayed in a
decimal format.

3. The pins that should be connected to the ground so the number 5 is displayed are: 1, 2, 8, 10
and 11.

Conclusion:

Digit Pins Required

1 10, 13
2 1, 7, 8, 11, 13
6 1, 8, 10, 11, 13
7 2, 10, 11, 13
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8 1, 2, 8, 10, 11
9 1, 2, 7, 8, 10, 11
10 1, 10, 13
11 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13
13 1, 2, 3, 8, 10, 11, 13