Prova de Proficiência em Língua Inglesa – MODELO

Nome: Nota:

Atenção

- Leia os textos abaixo e responda às perguntas referentes a cada um deles em português,

a não ser que a questão solicite a resposta em inglês.

- Utilize somente dicionários de língua inglesa, monolíngues ou bilíngues, em papel, e

nenhum outro material de consulta ou equipamento eletrônico.

- Não é permitido o empréstimo de materiais.

- Leia atentamente o que se pede. A correta interpretação das questões faz parte da prova.

- Não é permitido conversar com os demais participantes. Em caso de dúvida ou

necessidade, chame o fiscal da prova.

- Use somente caneta esferográfica e escreva de forma legível. Respostas ilegíveis não
serão aceitas.

- Todas as respostas devem ser escritas a caneta no espaço a elas destinado no corpo da
prova.

- Esta prova vale 10 (dez) pontos. A nota mínima para obtenção do Certificado de
Proficiência é 7,0 (sete).

- Os resultados serão divulgados apenas pelo site www.uniritter.edu.br, na data indicada

na inscrição.

Texto 1

1 A Copyright Victory, 35 Years Later

2 In the lucrative world of music copyright, it may be something of a watershed moment: on
3 Friday, after six years of legal wrangling and decades after he wrote the lyrics to the hit song
4 “YMCA,” Victor Willis will gain control of his share of the copyright to that song and others
5 he wrote when he was the lead singer of the 1970s disco group the Village People.
6 Mr. Willis, who dressed as a policeman during the group’s heyday, was able to recapture
7 those songs, thanks to a little-known provision of copyright legislation that went into effect
8 in 1978. That law granted musicians and songwriters what are known as “termination rights,”
9 allowing them to recover control of their creations after 35 years, even if they had originally
10 signed away their rights.
11 It is possible, maybe even likely, that other artists who also wrote or recorded songs in 1978
12 have, after invoking their termination rights, quietly signed new deals with record labels and
13 song publishing companies. But Mr. Willis appears to be the first artist associated with a hit
14 song from that era to announce publicly that he has used his termination rights to regain
15 control of his work.
16 “YMCA” is one of 33 songs whose copyright Mr. Willis was seeking to recover when he
17 first went to court. Hits like “In the Navy” and “Go West” are part of that group, but another
18 well-known song whose lyrics Mr. Willis wrote, “Macho Man,” was excluded because it was
19 written just before the 1978 law went into effect.
20 In a telephone interview from his home in Southern California, Mr. Willis said he has not yet
21 decided how best to exploit the song catalog. “I’ve had lots of offers, from record and
22 publishing companies, a lot of stuff, but I haven’t made up my mind how it’s going to be
23 handled.” He added, however, that he is thinking of prohibiting the Village People — the
24 band still exists and is touring this month and next, though with largely different members —
25 from singing any of his songs, at least in the United States. Under American law, copyright
26 holders have a right to control the performance of a work at any “place open to the public or
27 at a place where a substantial number of persons outside of a normal circle of a family and its
28 social acquaintances are gathered.” This designation applies not only to concert halls, but
29 also to arenas and ballparks like Yankee Stadium, where “YMCA” and other Village People
30 songs are perennial favorites. “I learned over the years that there are some awesome powers
31 associated with copyright ownership,” Mr. Willis said. “You can stop somebody from
32 performing your music if you want to, and I might object to some usages.”
33 Song publishing and record companies have consistently opposed artists’ efforts to invoke
34 termination rights, which have the potential to affect a company’s bottom line severely. They
35 argue that, in many cases, songs and recordings belong to them in perpetuity, rather than to
36 the artists, because they are “works for hire,” created not by independent contractors but by
37 artists who are, in essence, their employees.
38 That was initially one of the arguments invoked against Mr. Willis in Federal District Court
39 in Los Angeles. “We hired this guy,” Stewart L. Levy, a lawyer for the companies that
40 controlled the Village People song catalog, said last year. “He was an employee. We gave
41 them the material and a studio to record in and controlled what was recorded, where, what
42 hours and what they did.” Eventually, though, that argument was withdrawn. If the “work for
43 hire” doctrine can’t be made to apply to a prefab group like the Village People, it stands little
44 chance of surviving a test against other artists who emerged in the 1970s and who always
45 had a much greater degree of autonomy, like Bruce Springsteen, the Eagles, Billy Joel and
46 Parliament-Funkadelic.
47 That does not mean that the litigation over the Village People catalog is over, however.
48 Though Mr. Willis’s songwriting partner Jacques Morali died in 1991, a third name, that of
49 the French record producer Henri Belolo, appears as a co-writer on “YMCA” and other
50 songs, and the distribution of songwriting credits and revenues is now in court.
51 “The termination is going to occur,” said Jonathan Ross, one of Mr. Willis’s lawyers. “What
52 is in dispute is how much he is getting back, one-half or one-third.” In an e-mail he sent from
53 Europe, Mr. Levy challenged that interpretation. “Since an appeal of the court’s decision
54 permitting such reversion has yet to be taken, it is far from certain that Mr. Willis will, at the
55 end of the day, ever gain control over any share of the copyrights in the disputed songs.” As
56 a result, he maintained, any “article on his recapture is, therefore, premature and
57 misleading.”
58 Mr. Willis had declined interview requests during earlier stages of the dispute, but said he
59 decided to speak out now so as to alert other artists, both established and emerging, to protect
60 their copyrights. He said it was only because his wife is a lawyer that he became aware of his
61 termination rights. “I’m hoping that other artists will get a good lawyer and get back the
62 works that a lot of us gave away when we were younger, before we knew what was going
63 on,” he said. “When you’re young, you just want to get out there and aren’t really paying
64 attention to what’s on paper. I never even read one contract they put in front of me, and
65 that’s a big mistake.

Responda as perguntas de 1 a 5 com relação ao Texto 1. (Total = 5 pontos)

1. O título do texto acima é A Copyright Victory, 35 Years Later. Qual a melhor tradução para o
título do texto e como se relaciona ao conteúdo do texto. (1 ponto)

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2. O texto faz referência a Victor Willis. Quem é ele e como se relaciona ao título do texto? (1
ponto)

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3. Traduza a frase abaixo e explique o que quer dizer no contexto em que se encontra. (1 ponto)

“I’ve had lots of offers, from record and publishing companies, a lot of stuff, but I haven’t made up
my mind how it’s going to be handled” (l. 21- l. 23)

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4. Qual a razão para o Sr. Willis ter decidido dar entrevistas e falar sobre a sua situação neste
momento? (1 ponto)

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5. A que ou quem se referem as expressões abaixo no texto? (1 ponto)
a) them (l.9) _______________________________________________________
b) his (l. 20) _______________________________________________________
c) which (l. 34) _______________________________________________________
d) their (l. 37) _______________________________________________________
d) his (l. 60) ________________________________________________________

Texto 2

1 Outer space demilitarisation agreement threatened by new technologies

2 Security experts warn weaknesses in treaties and exploitation of GPS are compromising the
3 prohibition against space weapons.
4 Developments in satellite technologies and cyber-warfare are threatening the internationally
5 agreed demilitarisation of outer space, according to legal and security experts. Weaknesses in
6 existing treaties and military exploitation of GPS location systems are compromising the
7 prohibition against space weapons established during the cold war, a conference in London
8 has been told. "Policy, law and understanding of the threat to space is lagging behind the
9 reality of what is out there," warned Mark Roberts, a former Ministry of Defence official who
10 was in charge of government space policy and the UK's "offensive cyber portfolio". "If you
11 think about something unpleasant happening in cyber warfare, someone somewhere is
12 probably working on it." One state or another is likely to be devising mechanisms to disable
13 satellites through cyber-attacks, he said.
14 Professor Said Mosteshar, director of the London Institute of Space Policy and Law, who
15 organised the conference, said: "We are moving rapidly into an era when most space assets
16 have dual use: civilian and military. There have been UN resolutions on the prevention of an
17 arms race in outer space. Every country has voted in favour with the exception of the USA and
18 Israel."
19 The disabling of satellites would have a disastrous impact on society, knocking out GPS
20 navigation systems and time signals. Banks, telecommunications, power and many
21 infrastructures could fail, Roberts told the conference.
22 Agreements such as the 1967 Outer Space treaty and the 1979 Moon treaty are supposed to
23 control the arms race in space. Some states have signed but not ratified them, said Maria
24 Pozza, research fellow at the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law at Cambridge
25 University.
26 Existing treaties do not specify where air space ends and outer space begins although 100km
27 (62 miles) above the Earth is becoming the accepted limit. The Navstar constellation of
28 satellites was used to provide surveillance of Iraq during the Gulf war in 1991. Was that,
29 asked Pozza, an aggressive use of space, a "force-multiplier"? Satellites may have also been
30 used to photograph and locate al-Qaida bases, Osama bin Laden or even assess future strikes
31 against Syria.
32 The Chinese government has recently moved to support a 2012 EU code of conduct for space
33 development, which, Pozza said, was a softer law. The draft Prevention of the Placement of
34 Weapons in Outer Space treaty has not yet been agreed. "Are we dismissing the possibility of
35 a hard law or giving it a good chance?" Pozza asked. The Chinese tested an anti-satellite
36 weapon in 2007 that destroyed a defunct orbiting vehicle and showered debris across near
37 Earth orbits. Other satellites have been jammed by strong radio signals. BBC transmissions to
38 Iran were disrupted during this year's elections through ground signals ostensibly sent from
39 Syria, the conference was told.
40 In 2011, hackers gained control of the Terra Eos and Landsat satellites, Roberts said. The
41 orbiting stations were not damaged. "The threat can now be from a laptop in someone's
42 bedroom," he added.
43 Professor Richard Crowther, chief engineer at the UK Space Agency, said scientists were now
44 exploring the possibility of robotic systems that grapple with and bring down disused satellites
44 or laser weapons to clear away debris in orbit. Both technologies, he pointed out, had a
45 potential dual use as military weapons. 3D printing technologies would, furthermore, allow
46 satellite operators to develop new hardware remotely in space.
47 The UK is formulating its space security policy, group captain Martin Johnson, deputy head of
48 space policy at the MoD, said. Fylingdales, the Yorkshire monitoring station, has been
49 cooperating for 50 years with the USA to enhance "space awareness" and early warning
50 systems. The UK, Johnson said, was now working with the EU to develop a complementary
51 space monitoring system.
Available at: <http://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/sep/11/outer-space-demilitarisation-weapons-technologies>

Responda as perguntas de 6 a 10 com relação ao Texto 2. (total = 5 pontos)

6. Qual a melhor tradução para o título do texto acima? (1 ponto)

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7. De que seção do jornal o artigo foi retirado? Justifique a sua resposta com base no assunto do
texto. (1 ponto)

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8. Traduza a frase abaixo e explique o que quer dizer no contexto em que se encontra,
relacionando-a ao assunto do texto. (1 ponto)

"The threat can now be from a laptop in someone's bedroom," he added.” (l. 41-l.42)

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9. Traduza a frase abaixo e explique o que quer dizer no contexto em que se encontra,
relacionando-a ao assunto do texto. (1 ponto)

“The disabling of satellites would have a disastrous impact on society, knocking out GPS
navigation systems and time signals. Banks, telecommunications, power and many infrastructures
could fail, Roberts told the conference.” (l. 19 – l. 21)

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10. Quais palavras podem ser consideradas as palavras-chave para a compreensão do texto
acima? Identifique 5 palavras. (1 ponto)

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