DEECE, DCIT, DME & DSFM

GREEN BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

(FA617-02)

TOPIC TWO
Rainwater Harvesting System
I. Content
2.1 What is Rainwater Harvesting System?
2.1.1 Introduction
2.1.2 Definitions
2.1.3 Future Development

2.2 Principles of Design in Rainwater Harvesting System

2.2.1 Basic Principle
2.2.2 Types of Rainwater Harvesting Systems
2.2.3 Key Components

2.3 Descriptions of Rainwater Harvesting Systems

2.3.1 Collection System
2.3.2 Conveyance System
2.3.3 Storage System
2.3.4 Extraction System

2.4 Benefits & Limitations

2.4.1 Main Benefits
2.4.2 Main Limitations

2.5 Operations and Maintenance Management

2.5.1 Maintenance Strategy
2.5.2 Specific Maintenance Plan
2.5.3 Scheduled Maintenance

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II. Student Expectation
Learning Unit Objective:

Learners should be able to explain the functions, operation and maintenance of a

rainwater harvesting system.

Specific Learning Outcomes:

Learners should be able to:

• Explain the principles of the system
• Describe the function of key components
• Discuss benefits and limitations of the system
• Discuss the operations and maintenance requirements of the system

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2.1 What is Rainwater Harvesting System?

2.1.1 Introduction
(source: www.rainwaterharvesting.org/Urban/Howtoharvest.htm)

Generally, rainwater can be harvested for two purposes:

• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground

• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Figure 2.1: Rainwater Storage Method

(Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas)

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces:

• Rooftops
• Paved and Unpaved Areas (Surface Runoff)
• Waterbodies
• Stormwater Drain

• Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the catchment area
is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply at the point of
consumption.

• Paved and Unpaved Areas (Surface runoff): Landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be effectively used
to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as collecting surface is that
water can be collected from a larger area. This is particularly advantageous in areas of
low rainfall.

• Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store rainwater is immense.
The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet water requirements of the city,
it also recharges groundwater aquifers.

• Stormwater Drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper network of

stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and cost effective means
for harvesting rainwater.
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2.1.2 Definitions

Rainwater harvesting is the accumulating and storing of rain water.

Source: http://wiki.answers.com

Rainwater harvesting, in its broadest sense, is a technology used for collecting and
storing rainwater from rooftops, land surfaces and rock catchments for human use; and it
utilizes simple methods such as jars and pots as well as engineered techniques for
collection and storage.

UN-HABITAT
Guide on Rainwater Harvesting

In scientific term, Rainwater harvesting refers to collection and storage of rainwater and
also other activities aimed at harvesting surface and groundwater, prevention of looses
through evaporation and seepage and all other hydrological studies and engineering
interventions, aimed at conservation and efficient utilization of the limited water
endowment of physiographic unit as a watershed.

Agrawal and Narain, 1999

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2.1.3 Future Development

Rainwater harvesting has been practiced for more than 4,000 years, owing to the
temporal and spatial variability of rainfall. It is an important water source in many areas
with significant rainfall but lacking any kind of conventional, centralized supply system.
It is also a good option in areas where good quality fresh surface water or groundwater is
lacking. The application of appropriate rainwater harvesting technology is important for
the utilization of rainwater as a water resource.

Furthermore, rainwater has a lot of potential as an alternative water resource for the
future because of its high quality. Research has proven that rainwater quality always
exceeds the surface water and comparable to ground water because it does not come in
contact with soil and rocks where it can dissolve salts and mineral which is harmful for
potable and non-potable uses.

Increasingly, there are many advances in rainwater harvesting technologies which are
now easily available for domestic as well as commercial use. Such technologies are
currently being utilized in urban areas from developing to developed nations.

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2.2 Principles of Design in Rainwater Harvesting System

2.2.1 Basic Principle

The basic principle of rainwater harvesting is simply to:

• first capture it at the point it falls as non-potable water

• then substitute it as mains water supply in non-potable applications

In the process, the effect flood risks due to heavy rainfall can be alleviated as well as
saving energy by not using highly processed tap-water for non-potable use such as toilet
flushing.

2.2.2 Key Components

(Source: www.eurojournals.com/ejsr_34_1_14.pdf)

A comprehensive rainwater harvesting system consists of six (6) key components (see
figure):

• catchment area
• gutter and downspout
• filtration system
• storage system
• delivery system and
• treatment (eg chlorine dosing or UV treatment, etc)

The storage tanks can be above ground, but for best water-quality under-ground storage is
recommended. Once stored, a suitable control system is then used supply the water to the
desired service using a durable electric pump.

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Figure 2.2: Components/Elements of Rainwater Harvesting System
(Source: www.eurojournals.com/ejsr_34_1_14.pdf)

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2.3 Descriptions of Rainwater Harvesting System

The five (5) basic elements of a rainwater harvesting system will be discussed here;
namely:

• collection (or catchment) system

• conveyance system
• storage system
• extraction system
• general treatment

2.3.1 Collection Systems

Collection systems can vary from simple types within a household to bigger systems
where a large catchment area contributes to an impounding reservoir from which water is
either gravitated or pumped to water treatment plants. The categorization of rainwater
harvesting systems depends on factors like the size and nature of the catchment areas and
whether the systems are in urban or rural settings. The systems can be categorized into:

• Simple roof water collection systems

• Larger systems for educational institutions, stadiums, airports and other facilities
• Roof water collection systems for high-rise buildings in urbanized areas
• Land surface catchments
• Collection of stormwater in urbanized catchments

a. Simple Roof Water Collection Systems

• Material

Materials commonly used for roof catchment are corrugated aluminium and
galvanized iron, concrete, fibreglass shingles, tiles, slates, etc. Mud is used primarily
in rural areas. Bamboo roofs are least suitable because of possible health hazards.

The materials of catchment surfaces must be non-toxic and not contain substances
which impair water quality. For example, asbestos roofs should be avoided; also,
painting or coating of catchment surfaces should be avoided if possible.

If the use of paint or coating is unavoidable, only non-toxic paint or coating should be
used; lead, chromium, and zinc-based paints/coatings should be avoided. Similarly,
roofs with metallic paint or other coatings are not recommended as they may impart
tastes or colour to the collected water.

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• Cistern

While the collection of rainwater by a single household may not be significant, the
impact of thousands or even millions of household rainwater storage tanks can
potentially be enormous.
The main components in a simple roof water collection system are the cistern itself,
the piping that leads to the cistern and the appurtenances within the cistern.

The materials and the degree of sophistication of the whole system largely depend on
the initial capital investment. Some cost effective systems involve cisterns made with
ferrocement, etc. In some cases, the harvested rainwater may be filtered. In other
cases, the rainwater may be disinfected.

Figure 2.3: Typical Layout for Rainwater Harvesting Facilities

b. Larger Systems For Educational Institutions, Stadiums, Airports And Other

Facilities

When the systems are larger, the overall system can become a bit more complicated,
for example rainwater collection from the roofs and grounds of institutions, storage in
underground reservoirs, treatment and then use for non-potable applications.

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Figure 2.4: Roof Top Catchment

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c. Roof Water Collection Systems For High-Rise Buildings In Urbanized Areas

In high-rise buildings, roofs can be designed for catchment purposes and the collected
roof water can be kept in separate cisterns on the roofs for non-potable uses.

Figure 2.5: High Rise Urban Roof Collection System

(Source: http://www.pristinewatersystems.net/images/rainwater_schematic.gif)

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d. Land Surface Catchments

Figure 2.6: Ground Catchment or Collection System

• Ground of Land Surface Catchment Advantage

Rainwater harvesting using ground or land surface catchment areas can be a simple
way of collecting rainwater. Compared to rooftop catchment techniques, ground
catchment techniques provide more opportunity for collecting water from a larger
surface area.

By retaining the flows (including flood flows) of small creeks and streams in small
storage reservoirs (on surface or underground) created by low cost dams, this
technology can meet water demands during dry periods.

There is a possibility of high rates of water loss due to infiltration into the ground,
and because of the often marginal quality of the water collected, this technique is
mainly suitable for storing water for agricultural purposes.

• Surface Runoff Capacity

There are four(4) techniques available to increase surface runoff capacity, namely:

Clearing or altering vegetation cover

Increasing the land slope with artificial ground cover

Reducing soil permeability by soil compaction

Specially constructed ground surfaces (concrete, paving stones, or some kind of
liner) or paved runways

Constructed surfaces can also be used to collect and convey rainwater to storage tanks
or reservoirs.

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e. Collection of Stormwater in Urbanized Catchments

The surface runoff collected in stormwater ponds/reservoirs from urban areas is subject to
a wide variety of contaminants. Keeping these catchments clean is of primary importance,
and hence the cost of water pollution control can be considerable.

Figure 2.7: Urban Stormwater Runoff

(Source: http://www.ipwea.org.au/upload/Control.jpg)

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2.3.2 Conveyance Systems

Conveyance systems are required to transfer the rainwater collected on catchment

surfaces (e.g. rooftops) to the storage tanks. This is usually accomplished by making
connections to one or more down-pipes connected to collection devices (e.g. rooftop
gutters).

a. Conveyance Material

The pipes used for conveying rainwater, wherever possible, should be made of plastic,
PVC or other inert substance, as the pH of rainwater can be low (acidic) and may cause
corrosion and mobilization of metals in metal pipes.

The figure below shows a catchment system which is made up of a water catching
surface, a conveyance system to get the water to storage, a storage container, and a
method of redistribution (see below):

Figure 2.8: Catchment, Conyeyance, Storage &

Extraction(Pump & Distribution) Systems
(Source: www.aces.edu/pubs/docs/U/UNP-0026/)

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b. Ensuring Clean Water From Storage Tank

When selecting a conveyance system, consideration should be given to the fact that when
it first starts to rain, dirt and debris from catchment surfaces and collection devices will
be washed into the conveyance systems (e.g. downpipes).

Relatively clean water will only be available sometime later in the storm. The first part of
each rainfall should be diverted from the storage tank.

There are two(2) possible options for selectively collecting clean water for the storage
tanks:

• Sediment trap
• First flush

c. Sediment Trap

Sediment trap is a common method which uses a tipping bucket to prevent the entry of
debris from the catchment surface into the tank.

d. First Flush

Installing a first flush (or foul flush) device is also useful to divert the initial batch of
rainwater away from the tank. A first flush diverter is a pipe that tees off the main line,
catches the first flush of water, and has a plug or trickle drain on the bottom.

Once this pipe fills up with the initial dirty water, the remaining water bypasses the pipe
and runs directly to the storage container.

The plug at the end of the first flush diverter should be removed and the pipe drained
after each rainfall event or, if there is a trickle tube, the water will slowly clear from the
tube.

Figure 2.9: A First Flush Diverter

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 (Source: www.aces.edu/pubs/docs/U/UNP-0026/)
e. Debris Screening

If rainwater enters the tank at the manway or top hole, the end of the downspout should
be covered with screened basket (see figure below) which should be placed in the
manway entrance to reduce the amount of organic matter that enters the tank.

The screened basket or hardware cloth should be connected in a way that allows for easy
removal for cleaning out debris. Other options include roof washers that screen the water
prior to it entering the collection tank.

Figure 2.10: A Screened Basket In The Manway Hole

To Prevent Organic Matter & Mosquitoes From Entering The Tank
(Source: www.aces.edu/pubs/docs/U/UNP-0026/)

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2.3.3 Storage Tanks

Storage tanks for collected rainwater may be located either above or below the ground.
They may be constructed as a part of the building, or may be built as a separate unit
located some distance away from the building.

The design considerations vary according to the type of tank. Various types of rainwater
storage facilities can be found in practice.

a. Storage Tank Material

Storage tanks should be constructed of inert material. Reinforced concrete, fibreglass,

polyethylene, and stainless steel are suitable materials. Ferro-cement tanks and jars made
of mortar or earthen materials are commonly used.

As an alternative, interconnected tanks made of pottery or polyethylene may be suitable.

The polyethylene tanks are compact but have a large storage capacity (1,000 to 2,000
litres). They are easy to clean and have many openings which can be fitted with
connecting pipes.

Bamboo reinforced tanks are less successful because the bamboo may become infested
with termites, bacteria and fungus.

Figure 2.11: Large Polyethylene Water Storage Tanks In Various Shapes & Sizes
(Source: www.aces.edu/pubs/docs/U/UNP-0026/)

b. Contaminant in Tank

Precautions are required to prevent the entry of contaminants into storage tanks. The
main sources of external contamination are pollution from debris, bird and animal
droppings, and insects that enter the tank.

Sometimes, human, animal and other environmental contaminants, which happen to fall
into tanks, can cause contamination.

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c. Enclosed Tank

Open containers are not recommended for storing water for drinking purposes. A solid
and secure cover is required to avoid breeding of mosquitoes, to prevent insects and
rodents from entering the tank, and to keep out sunlight to prevent the growth of algae
inside the tank.

2.3.4 Extraction System

The extraction system (e.g., taps/faucets, pumps) must not contaminate the stored water.
Taps/faucets should be installed at least 10 cm above the base of the tank as this allows
any debris entering the tank to settle on the bottom, where if it remains undisturbed, will
not affect the quality of the water.

Rainwater pipes must be permanently marked in such a way that there is no risk of
confusing them with drinking water pipes. Taps must also be clearly labeled for the user
both in the local language and in clear graphic images.

The handle of taps might be detachable to avoid the misuse by children.

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2.3.5 General Treatment

Treatment of stored rainwater only makes sense if it is done properly and if hygienic
collection and use of the water will ensure it does not suffer from re-contamination.

There are several types of treatment possible. The most common being:

• chlorination
• boiling
• filtration and
• exposure to ultraviolet or natural sunlight

a. Chlorination

• Stabilised Bleaching Powder

Chlorination is most appropriately used to treat rainwater if contamination is

suspected due to the rainwater being coloured or smelling bad.

It should only be done if the rainwater is the sole source of supply and the tank
should first be thoroughly inspected to try to ascertain the cause of any
contamination.

Chlorination is done with stabilised bleaching powder (calcium hypochlorite -
CaOCl2) which is a mixture of chlorine and lime.

Chlorination can kill all types of bacteria and make water safe for drinking
purposes.

About 1 gm (approximately 1/4 tea spoon) of bleaching powder is sufficient to
treat 200 litres of water.

• Chlorine Tablets

Chlorine tablets are easily available in the market. One tablet of 0.5 g is enough to
disinfect 20 litres (a bucketful) of water.

b. Boiling

Boiling is a very effective method of purification and very simple to carry out.

Boiling water for 10 to 20 minutes is enough to remove all biological

contaminants.

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c. Exposure to Sunlight

• Direct Sunlight

This can also be used to kill many of the harmful bacteria in water by exposing it
in clear glass or plastic bottles for several hours (minimum 6 hours, see SODIS)

Although feasible in some circumstances, the water must be clear, the weather
fine and the water cooled overnight before consumption.

• Ultra-violet (UV) Sunlight or SODIS

Solar disinfection method (SODIS) uses sun's ultra-violet (UV) radiation to improve
the microbiological quality of drinking water. It has been proven that synergies
induced by radiation and thermal treatment have a significant effect on the die-off
rate of microorganisms. The processes involved are indicated in the illustration.

Figure 2.12a: SODIS for Drinking Water

(Source: cms7.blogia.com/blogs/i/in/ind/indarki/upload/20061027052330-sodis.jpg)

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 Figure 2.12b: SODIS for Drinking Water
(Source: www.matternetwork.com/images/Matter/sodis_lg.jpg)

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2.4 Benefits & Limitations

2.4.1 Main Benefits

(Source: www.eurojournals.com/ejsr_34_1_14.pdf)

Rainwater harvesting benefit users, environment and government:

a. Users

• The systems can be both owner and utility operated and managed.
• Rainwater harvesting systems can provide water at or near the point where water is
needed or used
• Rainwater harvesting technologies are flexible and can be built to meet almost any
requirements. Construction, operation, and maintenance are not labour intensive.
• Users of rainwater are usually the owners who operate and manage the catchment
system, hence, they are more likely to exercise water conservation because they know
how much water is in storage and they will try to prevent the storage tank from drying
up.
• Rainwater is relatively clean and the quality is usually acceptable for many purposes
with little or even no treatment.
• It uses simple technologies that are inexpensive and easy to maintain
• It is easy to handle, flexible and can be modular in nature, allowing expansion,
reconfiguration, or relocation
• Saves money by reducing the volume of water purchased from public systems
• Saves money by extending the life of plumbing fixtures and appliances
• Avoid interrupted service from centralized water systems or overuse of water from a
well

b. Government

• Rainwater harvesting can co-exist with and provide a good supplement to other water
sources and utility systems, thus relieving pressure on other water sources.
• Provides a water supply buffer for use in times of emergency or breakdown of the
public water supply systems, particularly during natural disasters.
• Reduce the burden for new investment to replace the ageing systems and adding the
water supply infrastructures
• Potentially avoid the cost of accessing public water systems when it is not
economically feasible
• Reduce construction cost in each development because it can be easily retrofitted to
an existing structure or built during new construction

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c. Environment

• Rainwater collected using existing structures (i.e., rooftops, parking lots, playgrounds,
parks, ponds, flood plains, etc.), has few negative environmental impacts compared to
other technologies for water resources development.
• Reduce storm drainage load and flooding in city streets.
• The physical and chemical properties of rainwater are usually superior to sources of
groundwater that may have been subjected to contamination.
• By capturing rainwater, we reduce the abundant amount of rainwater that goes to the
drainage and avoiding the floods phenomena
• We can significantly reduce our reliance on water storage dam. This will avoids
ecological damage to the area which has to be submerged to build the dam
• Rainwater is superior for landscape use and plants thrive on rainwater well rather than
other sources that might have chemical compounds that polluted them and soils. This
is because rainwater forces salts down and away from root zone when it percolates
into the soil
• Increase soil moisture levels for urban greenery

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2.4.2 Main Limitations

There are several limitations pertaining to rainwater harvesting system:

• The catchment area and storage capacity of a system are relatively small. There is a
great variation in weather. During a prolonged drought, the storage tank may dry up
• Maintenance of rainwater harvesting systems, and the quality of collected water, can
be difficult for users
• Extensive development of rainwater harvesting systems may reduce the income of
public water systems
• Rainwater harvesting systems are often not part of the building code and lack clear
guidelines for users/developers to follow
• Rainwater utilization has not been recognized as an alternative of water supply
system by the public sector. Governments typically do not include rainwater
utilization in their water management policies, and citizens do not demand rainwater
utilization in their communities
• Rainwater storage tanks may be a hazard to children who play around it
• Rainwater storage tanks may take up valuable space
• Some development costs of larger rainwater catchment system may be too high if the
costs are not shared with other systems as part of a multi-purpose network

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2.5 Operations and Maintenance Management

2.5.1 Maintenance Strategy

a. Facilities Management

Facility operations and maintenance (O&M) is the heart of facilities management (FM).
An effective O&M program has the end result of extending the useful life of any physical
facility which includes plant, machinery, buildings, and services in good operating order.

The FM department of the organization oversees the O&M of the following activities:

• building services (eg HVAC, Plumbing & Sanitation, etc),

• facilities infrastructure (eg Gas, Water and Electrical),
• custodial service
• computerized maintenance management system (eg operated by the facilities planners)
• work order management system (eg operated by the facilities planners)
• storeroom management (eg maintenance of spares, consumables, etc)
• etc

The functions of operations and maintenance may be separated with each under a
different supervisor. This is in view that maintenance is frequently viewed as a service
provider or a subcontracted work while accordingly operations sees itself as the customer
of maintenance.

As such, maintenance work needs management through good maintenance planning and
scheduling.

b. Maintenance Plan

Maintenance work has to be planned ahead of time to eliminate or minimise

nonproductive time and failure to manage resources. There are three(3) broad categories
of maintenance tasks which require planning:

• breakdown maintenance (occurs and need repair when equipment fails to function)
• preventive maintenance (is implemented before problem is evident)
• corrective maintenance (is scheduled to correct specific problems in plant systems)

c. Maintenance Schedule

Scheduling is the process of turning the maintenance plan or strategy, the production and
operation requirements, and the improvement plans of the business, into a list of work to
be performed by certain dates and times using the available resources.

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2.5.2 Specific Maintenance Plan

a. Maintaining Rainwater Quality

Methods to protect rainwater quality include appropriate system design, sound operation
and maintenance and use of first flush devices and treatment:

• Good system design, operation and maintenance are generally the simplest and most
effective means of protecting water quality.

• First flush devices can be effective in reducing levels of contamination if properly

maintained.

• Treatment is mainly appropriate as a remedial action if contamination is expected.

b. Design for Maintainability

The best initial step to protecting water quality is to ensure good system design. Water
quality will generally improve during storage provided sunlight and living organisms are
excluded from the tank and fresh inflows do not stir up any sediment. The design should
include:

• Clean impervious roof made from smooth, clean non-toxic material

• Over hanging branches above the catchment surface should be removed
• Taps or draw-off pipes on tanks should be at least five centimeters (5 cm) above the
tank floor (more if debris accumulation rates are high)
• A tank floor sloping towards the sump can greatly aid tank cleaning as will a well-
fitting access manhole
• Wire or nylon mesh should cover all inlets to prevent any insects and other creatures
from entering the tank
• The tank must be covered and all light excluded to prevent growth of algae and other
organisms
• The grill at the terrace outlet for rainwater arrests most of the debris carried by the
water from the rooftop like leaves, plastic bags and paper pieces
• A coarse filter and/or foul flush device should be fitted to intercept water before it
enters the tank for removing leaves and other debris
• Sand Filter - If the stored water is to be used for drinking purposes, a sand filter
should also be provided

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c. Maintenance For Normal Weather Condition
(Source: www.rainwaterharvesting.org/urban/Maintenance.htm)

Main approaches include:

• Regular inspection and cleaning of catchment, gutters, filters and tanks reduce the
likelihood of contamination.
• Avoid mixing water from other sources with that in the rainwater storage tank.

d. Maintenance For Monsoon Season

(Source: www.rainwaterharvesting.org/urban/Maintenance.htm)

• Just before the arrival of monsoon, the rooftop/catchment area has to be cleaned
properly
• The roof outlet on the terrace should be covered with a mesh to prevent entry of leafs
or other solid waste into the system
• The filter materials have to be either replaced or washed properly before the monsoon
• The diversion valve has to be opened for the first 5 to 10 minutes of rain to dispose of
the polluted first flush
• All polluted water should be taken away from the recharge structures
• The depth of bores (of recharge structures) shall be finalized depending on the actual
site condition

e. Care, Cleaning, Maintenance & Repair of Catchment Areas

(Source: www.rainwaterharvesting.org/urban/Maintenance.htm)

i. Land Catchment

In the case of land surface catchments, care is required to avoid damage and
contamination by people and animals. If required, these surfaces should be fenced to
prevent the entry of people and animals.

Large cracks in the paved catchment due to soil movement, earthquakes or exposure
to the elements should be repaired immediately.

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Maintenance typically consists of the removal of dirt, leaves and other accumulated
materials. Such cleaning should take place annually before the start of the major
rainfall season.
ii. Roof Catchment

Furthermore, catchment surfaces and collection devices should be cleaned regularly

to remove dust, leaves and bird droppings so as to minimize bacterial contamination
and maintain the quality of collected water.

Roofs should also be free from over-hanging trees since birds and animals in the trees
may defecate on the roof.

iii. Downpipe Cleaning

Down-pipes need to be periodically inspected and carefully cleaned. A good time to

inspect down-pipes is while it is raining, so that leaks can be easily detected. Regular
cleaning is necessary to avoid contamination.

iv. Storage Tank Maintenance

A coarse inlet filter is also desirable for excluding coarse debris, dirt, leaves, and
other solid materials.

The storage tank should be checked and cleaned periodically. All tanks need cleaning
and their designs should allow for thorough scrubbing of the inner walls and floors.

A sloped bottom and the provision of a sump and a drain are useful for collection and
discharge of settled grit and sediment. An entrance hole is required for easy access for
cleaning.

The use of a chlorine solution is recommended for cleaning, followed by thorough

rinsing. Chlorination of the cisterns or storage tanks is necessary if the water is to be
used for drinking and domestic uses.

Dividing tanks into two sections or dual tanks can facilitate cleaning.

Cracks in the storage tanks can create major problems and should be repaired
immediately.

v. Extraction System

Periodic maintenance should also be carried out on any pumps used to lift water to
selected areas in the house or building.

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2.5.3 Scheduled Maintenance

Maintenance
SN System Component Activities
Frequency
1 Collection Roof Catchment Inspection Daily
Land Catchment Inspection Daily
Inspection Weekly
Filtration Media Remove debris Monthly
Replace filters Annually

2 Conveyance Downpipe Inspection Daily

First Flush Inspection Daily

3 Treatment Disinfection Preventive Monthly

4 Storage Inspection Weekly

Storage Tank Whenever tank
Chlorination of the cisterns or tanks
contains rainwater
Clean & Wash Cistern Annually
Inspection Weekly
Filtration Media Remove debris Monthly
Replace filters Annually

5 Extraction Pumps Preventive Monthly

Faucets Inspection Weekly

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