Answers to Questions:

1. What are the different components of Starch?

- Starch Consists of two components:
 Amylose- It is the linear polymer of alpha-glucose and it is the water soluble
fraction.
 Amylopectin- It consist of branched chains of alpha-glucose and it is the
insoluble fraction.

2. What are the components of pectin, protpectin, pectic acid, and pectinic acid?
 Protopectin- is the water insoluble parent pectin substance found in middle lamella of
plant tissue which yields soluble pectic substances like pectin or pectinic acid upon
restricted hydrolysis.
 Pectic Acid- group designation applied to pectic substance which mostly composed of
galacturonans containing neglible amount of methoxyl groups.
 Pectinic Acid- are the galacturonans containing various methoxyl groups.
 Pectin- are the soluble polymeric materials containing pectinic acid as the major
components.

3. What is metabolic process of wine making? Explain.

- Fermentation is the metabolic process in wine making that converts sugar to acid, gases
and alcohol. It occurs in yeast and bacteria. Ethanol Fermentation was used in wine
making where sugars are converted into alcohol anaerobically.

4. How Does Fermentation differ from Pateurization?

- Fermentation is a method for allowing certain good bacteria to grow so that they can
begin eating the natural milk sugar (lactose) in milk or other dairy products or foods
and turn it into lactic acid while, Pasteurization is a method of heating milk and other
food in order to kill quickly all the microorganisms.

5. What are the environmental and processing factors influencing viability and
fermentation performance of wine yeast?
 Wine making Practices- like clarification, fermentation temperature, temperature
Shock, Sulfur Dioxide, yeast and bacterial strains, yeast and bacterial starter
preparation.
 Deficiencies- such as nitrogen, phosphate, vitamins, minerals, oxygen, cation
imbalances.
 Microbiological Antagonism- Native flora, Inhibitory metabolites, pectic strains.
 Inhibitory Compounds- include the sugar, ethanol, fatty acids, killer toxins, Carbon
Dioxide, mycotoxins, phytoalexins, insecticides and fungicides.

Prepared by:

CHRISTINE JOY G. BACORRO