Exercise 8

A group of young engineers was task to determine the best way to process Ultrasonic sensor such that impedance will be at minimum.
Factors considered are Kunoji amt., PZT Soldering amt., Kunoji position, and PZT ZR.
The PZT Zr range are

Level
Factors
Min Max
Kunoji Amt Std Max
PZT Soldering Amt 1precut 2precut
Kunoji position near PZT near Wall

Kunoji position
Glue Amt Std Max

Design Matrix

Temp

Time
Actual Y
Comb Kunoji Amt PZT Soldering Amt Kunoji position Glue Amt Impedance A B C AB BC AC ABC
1 Std 1 precut near PZT Std -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 -1
2 Std 1 precut near PZT Max -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1
3 Std 1 precut near wall Std -1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 1
4 Std 1 precut near wall Max -1 1 1 -1 1 -1 -1
5 Std 2precut near PZT Std 1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
6 Std 2precut near PZT Max 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1
7 Std 2precut near wall Std 1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 -1
8 Std 2precut near wall Max 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
9 Max 1 precut near PZT Std
10 Max 1 precut near PZT Max
11 Max 1 precut near wall Std
12 Max 1 precut near wall Max
13 Max 2precut near PZT Std
14 Max 2precut near PZT Max
15 Max 2precut near wall Std
16 Max 2precut near wall Max

#DIV/0! ave -1 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

ave +1 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
effect #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
effect/2 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Y = 217.25 + 5.25A + 6.75B + 12.25C + 0.75AB - 5.75BC - 2.25AC + 0.75ABC

217.25 + 5.25A + 6.75B + 12.25C + 0.75AB + 0.75ABC - 5.75BC - 2.25AC

INTERACTIONS
No Interaction
1. AB
A- A+ 12
B- #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 10
B+ #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
8
6 B
2. BC -
C- C+ 4
B- #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 2
B+ #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0
A- A+

3. AC Slight Interaction
C- C+
A- #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 12
A+ #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
10
8
6 B
-
4
2
0
C- C+
 12
10
8
6 B
-
4
2
0
C- C+

Slight Interaction

12
10
8
6 A
-
4
2
0
C- C+
Exercise 2 Factorial Experiment

A factorial design experiment was employed for PC40S-14M9 Ultrasonic Sensor

to determine the effects of Center Silicone amount and Side Silicone amount
on the finished product’s frequency and impedance.

LEVEL
FACTORS
Min Max
Center Si Amount ~1mg ~3mg
Side Si Amount ~10mg ~14mg

Data : Frequency (Fr) and Impedance (Zr)

1 2 3 4
C.S S.S C.S S.S C.S S.S C.S S.S
min min min max max min max max
Sample Fr (kHz) Zr (Ω) Fr (kHz) Zr (Ω) Fr (kHz) Zr (Ω) Fr (kHz) Zr (Ω) Run Fr Zr
1 38.80 482 38.65 559 39.70 463 39.00 504 1 39.25 473
2 38.95 473 39.75 491 39.45 464 39.18 570 2 39.13 524
3 39.10 454 39.08 521 38.95 458 39.73 552 3 39.37 477
4 38.73 443 39.35 582 38.78 497 38.75 585 4 38.89 571
5 38.93 450 38.53 513 38.85 465 38.60 555 39.16 511
6 39.80 483 39.25 560 39.80 479 38.93 562
7 39.85 541 39.35 603 38.95 497 38.48 569
8 39.25 490 38.63 447 39.50 480 38.53 593
9 39.33 433 39.03 477 39.60 513 38.63 603
10 39.73 485 39.65 486 40.10 457 39.13 618

Interactions
1 FR
AB
Side Si minSide Si max
Center 39.25 39.13
Center 39.37 38.89

2 ZR
Side Si minSide Si max
Center 473 524
Center 477 571
 Fr Zr
Center Si Side Si Center Si Side Si
A B AB A B AB
-1 -1 1 -1 -1 1
-1 1 -1 -1 1 -1
1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1
1 1 1 1 1 1
ave +1 39.13 39 39.07 ave +1 524.14 547 522
ave -1 39.19 39 39.25 ave -1 498.61 475 501
effect -0.06 -0.30 -0.18 effect 25.53 72.12 22
e/2 -0.028 -0.1488 -0.09 e/2 12.77 36.059 10.85

Y= 39.16 - 0.028A - 0.149B - 0.09AB Y= 511 + 12.75A + 36.06B + 10.85AB

Strong Interaction Slight Interaction

39.40 AB Interaction on Fr AB Interactions on ZR

580
39.30
560
de Si max
39.20 540
Center Cente
39.10 Si min r Si
520 min
Center Cente
39.00 Si max 500 r Si
38.90 480 miax
de Si max
38.80 460
Side Si min Side Si max Side Si min Side Si max
Cente
Si
min
Cente
Si
miax
Exercise 1
The shelf life of a silicone chemicals is of interest. Ten tubes are randomly selected and tested, and the following re
Days: 108, 124, 124, 106, 115, 138, 163, 159, 134, 139
Assume that the alternative hypothesis is the mean shelf life is greater than 125 days. Can the null hypothesis Ho:
ested, and the following results are obtained.

n the null hypothesis Ho: µ = 125 be rejected?

Exercise 2
The time to finished a batch of UT sensor is normally distributed random variable measured in minutes.
The processing times for such 16 batches chosen at random are as follows.
Minutes : 159, 280, 101, 212, 224, 379, 179, 264, 222, 362, 168, 250, 149, 260, 485, 170
Does it seem reasonable that the true mean processing time is greater than 225 hours?
red in minutes.
Exercise 3
Two machines are used for filling plastic bottles with a net volume of 16.0 ounces.
The filling process can be assumed to be normal, with standard deviations of s1 = 0.015 and s2 = 0.018.
The quality engineering department suspects that both machines fill to the same net volume, whether or not this vo
A random sample is taken from the output of each machine.
Machine 1:16.03 16.04 16.05 16.05 16.02 16.01 15.66 15.98 16.02 15.99
Machine 2: 16.02 15.97 15.96 16.01 15.99 16.03 16.04 16.02 16.01 16.00
Do you think the quality engineering is correct?
and s2 = 0.018.
me, whether or not this volume is 16.0 ounces.
Exercise 4
An Engineer want to compare two types of structural steel if the strengths (in 1000 lbs/sq. in.) are the samame or d

Steel 1 Steel 2
25 13
29 25
21 16
20 23
22 21
20 27
24 16
24 22
23 15
22 27
. in.) are the samame or different:
Exercise 5

•An article in Solid State Technology, “Orthogonal Design for Process Optimization and Its Application
Etching” by GZ Yin and DW Jillie (May 1987) describes an experiment to determine the effect of the C
the uniformity of etch on a silicone wafer used in integrated circuit manufacturing. Data for two flow rat
follows:
C2F6 Uniformity Observation
125 2.7 4.6 2.6 3.0 3.2 3.8
200 4.6 3.4 2.9 3.5 4.1 5.1
Does the C2F6 flow rate affect the wafer-to-wafer variability and average etch uniformity?
ion and Its Application to Plasma
mine the effect of the C2F6 floe rate on
g. Data for two flow rates are as

h uniformity?
Exercise 6

•An article in the Journal of Strain Analysis (vol. 18, no 2, 1983) compares several procedures for predic
strength for steep plate girders. Data for nine girders in the form of the ratio of predicted to observed load
these procedures, the Karlsruhe and Lehigh methods are as follows:
Girder 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
KM 1.186 1.151 1.322 1.339 1.200 1.402 1.365 1.537 1.559
LM 1.061 0.992 1.063 1.062 1.065 1.178 1.037 1.086 1.052
Is there any difference between the two methods?
al procedures for predicting the shear
edicted to observed load for two of
Exercise 7

•The diameter of ball bearing was measured by 12 inspectors, each using two different kinds of calipers.
were
Insp 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Caliper 1 0.265 0.265 0.266 0.267 0.267 0.265 0.267 0.267 0.265 0.268 0.268 0.265
Caliper 2 0.264 0.265 0.264 0.266 0.267 0.268 0.264 0.265 0.265 0.267 0.268 0.269
Is there a significant difference between the means of the population of measurements represented by the
samples? Use  = 0.05
 erent kinds of calipers. The result

.268 0.265
.268 0.269
ments represented by the two
 Exercise 8
A group of young engineers was task to determine the best way to process Ultrasonic sensor such that impedance will be at minimum.
Factors considered are aging temperature, the length of aging and the amount of glue being applied.
The aging process specification is 85ºC to 95ºC from 3hrs to 4hours. Allowable amount of silicone to be applied is 2mg ~ 6mg.

Level
Factors
Min Max
Aging Temperature 85ºC 95ºC
Aging Time 3hrs 4hrs
Glue Amount 2mg 6mg

Glue Amount
Design Matrix

Temp

Time
Actual Y
Comb Temp Time Si Amt Impedance A B C AB BC AC ABC
1 85 3 2 185 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 -1
2 85 3 6 227 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1
3 85 4 2 210 -1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 1
4 85 4 6 226 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1 -1
5 95 3 2 200 1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
6 95 3 6 230 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1
7 95 4 2 225 1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 -1
8 95 4 6 235 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
217.25 ave -1 212 210.5 205 216.5 223 219.5 216.5
ave +1 222.5 224 229.5 218 211.5 215 218
effect 10.5 13.5 24.5 1.5 -11.5 -4.5 1.5
effect/2 5.25 6.75 12.25 0.75 -5.75 -2.25 0.75

Y = 217.25 + 5.25A + 6.75B + 12.25C + 0.75AB - 5.75BC - 2.25AC + 0.75ABC

217.25 + 5.25A + 6.75B + 12.25C + 0.75AB + 0.75ABC - 5.75BC - 2.25AC

INTERACTIONS
No Interaction
1. AB 235
A- A+ 230
B- 206 215 225
B+ 218 230 220
215
210 B
2. BC 205
-
C- C+ 200
B- 192.5 228.5 195
B+ 217.5 230.5 190
A- A+

3. AC Slight Interaction
C- C+
A- 197.5 226.5 240
A+ 212.5 232.5 230
220
210
B
200 -
190
180
170
C- C+

Slight Interaction

240
230
220
210 A
-
200
190
180
C- C+
240
230
220
210 A
-
200
190
180
C- C+