S.

Coogan ECE6550 Linear Systems and Control Fall 2017

Homework #1
Due: Friday, 8 September, in class (September 15 for DL students)

1. (Dynamic models) Consider the electrical circuit below:

R1
L
+
V C1
−
C2
R2

Let R1 , R2 , C1 , C2 , and L be given and fixed. Moreover, let V be the control input and let
the current i be the output. Model this network as a linear dynamical system. It will help to
recall the following relationships:

C
i(t) L i(t) R i(t)
+ − + +
v(t) − v(t) −
v(t)
dv di
i(t) = C (t) v(t) = L (t) v(t) = Ri(t)
dt dt

2. (Duffing’s Equation) The forced Duffing’s equation, ÿ + δẏ − y + y3 = γ cos(ωt), exhibits

chaotic behavior when the parameters are in certain ranges.

(a) Rewrite this dynamical system as a first-order system of ordinary-differential equations

with two states.
(b) Use Matlab’s ode45 function (or something comparable in a language of your choice)
to simulate this system for (δ, γ, ω) = (0.05, 0.4, 1.3) using various initial conditions.
Provide phase portrait plots of the system, that is, plots showing the first state variable
versus the second state variable for trajectories of the system starting from various
initial conditions.
3. (Linearity) Let PC(R) denote the set of piecewise-continuous, real-valued functions defined
over the domain R. Determine if the following maps are linear:

(a) T : PC(R) → PC(R) with T defined by

[T (x)](t) = x(−t). (1)

(Hint: notice that T maps PC(R) functions to PC(R) functions so that T (x) is itself a
function and [T (x)](t) denotes the value of this function at time t).
(b) T : PC(R) → R with T defined by

y = T (x) = x(t∗ ) for some fixed t∗ . (2)

4. (Linearity) Given A, B,C, X ∈ Cn×n , determine if the following mappings T : Cn×n → Cn×n
are linear (all multiplication is matrix multiplication):

(a) T (X) = AX + XB
(b) T (X) = AX + BXC
(c) T (X) = AX + XBX

5. (Change of basis) Let T : R3 → R3 be a linear map and consider two bases for R3 :
           


 1 0 0

 

 1 2  0  
     
{b1 , b2 , b3 } =  , , , , = , ,

       
0 1 0 and {b̄ b̄ b̄ } 0 0 −1 (3)
 
 

 

 

 

 

 


 1 2 3 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 


0 0 1
 
 
1 0  1 
 


Suppose that
     
2 0 −1
T (b1 ) = 1 , T (b2 ) = 0 , T (b3 ) =  0  .
     
 (4)
 
0
 
0
 
1

Find the matrix representation for T in the (b1 , b2 , b3 ) coordinates, and find the matrix repre-
sentation for T in the (b̄1 , b̄2 , b̄3 ) coordinates.