5. Explain the effect of NaCN in active transport?

(5 pts)

Cyanide, by its well-known effect on energy metabolism, reduces ATP contents of cells and therefore
inhibits ion transport mechanisms that depend on the operation of the sodium pump. Cyanide inhibits
respiration. By inhibiting respiration, you also inhibit active transport because active transport requires
energy from ATP made in respiration. Cyanide binds to the last enzyme of the electron transport chain
and inhibits utilization of oxygen. Since oxidation is coupled to the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP,
cyanide inhibits ATP production

6. Discuss the principle of active transport. (5 pts)

Active transport uses energy to move substances against (up) a concentration gradient or across a
partially permeable membrane. In active transport a special transport protein in the cell membrane
picks up the useful particle on one side of the membrane. The transport protein then rotates through
the membrane and releases the particle on the other side of the membrane. This uses energy from
cellular respiration.

Active transport is used to move substances into cells and out of cells. Cells which carry out a lot of
active transport often have lots of mitochondria to give them the energy they need. Active transport is
important in the kidney for hanging on to the substances needed by the body such as glucose and some
sodium ions.

Active transport is the energy-demanding transfer of a substance across a cell membrane against its
concentration gradient, i.e., from lower concentration to higher concentration. Special proteins within
the cell membrane act as specific protein ‘carriers’. The energy for active transport comes from ATP
generated by respiration (in mitochondria).

Major examples of Active Transport. Re-absorption of glucose, amino acids and salts by the proximal
convoluted tubule of the nephron in the kidney. Sodium/potassium pump in cell membranes (especially
nerve cells)

References:

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1113/jphysiol.1981.sp013712/pdf

http://www.biologymad.com/resources/diffusionrevision.pdf

http://www.abpischools.org.uk/page/modules/homeostasis_kidneys/kidneys3.cfm?coSiteNavigation_al
lTopic=1

https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=CG8DDHWG5-
oC&pg=PA233&lpg=PA233&dq=cyanide+on+sodium+pump+active+transport&source=bl&ots=ziBkuaQq
50&sig=02FR-5HB4Hvn8wGMa3-
2Ql4TUCQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwia07r_lsHPAhVGrJQKHaSaA_AQ6AEILzAD#v=onepage&q=cyanid
e%20on%20sodium%20pump%20active%20transport&f=false
The AP Biology By Joyce A. Blinn, Laurie Ann Callihan, Shira Rohde (2005) p.232-233