sasasasasasasasasaasasaasaasasasaasasasaasasasasasasasas1.

) The imaginary term 𝑖 is a

number, which when multiplied by itself gives -1. This means that 𝑖 = √−1. This makes
imaginary numbers very useful when we need to find the square root of a real negative
number.

2.) In my own understanding, these can be formed into complex axis in which 𝑖 gives x-axis
and 𝑗 gives y-axis. Base on what I heared before, 𝑎 + 𝑗𝑏 is commonly used by electricians.
Representing complex axis with 𝑗 rather than 𝑖 gives an easy transition from vector to
complex representation just like on sinusoidal functions represented by vectors.

3.) Real numbers include all rational numbers and all irrational numbers. The imaginary
unit or unit imaginary number (i) is a solution to the quadratic equation x2 + 1 =
0. Although there is no real number with this property, i can be used to extend the real
numbers to what are called complex numbers, using addition and multiplication.

4.) The complex number 3+2j is represented by:

We can represent complex numbers in

the complex plane.
We use the horizontal axis for
the real part and the vertical axis for
the imaginary part.
The point A is the representation of the
complex number 3+2j.

5.) The polar form of a complex number is another way to represent a complex number.
The form z=a+bi is called the rectangular coordinate form of a complex number. The
horizontal axis is the real axis and the vertical axis is the imaginary axis. We find the real
and complex components in terms of r and θ where r is the length of the vector and θ is the
angle made with the real axis. Sometimes, when we have complex numbers, we refer to the
standard rectangular form as a + bi, where a represents the real part and b represents the
imaginary part. If we let the horizontal axis be the real axis and the vertical axis be the
imaginary axis, the result is the complex plane. One of the most interesting differences is
that every point in the plane has exactly one representation as a pair of coordinates in the
rectangular form, but has infinitely many representations in polar coordinates.

6.)

7
Also,
[4]

Problem Add. (−3 + 3i) + (7 – 2i)

−3 + 3i + 7 – 2i = Rearrange the sums to
−3 + 7 + 3i – 2i put like terms
together.
−3 + 7 = 4 and Combine like terms.
3i – 2i = (3 – 2)i = i

Answer (−3 + 3i) + (7 – 2i) = 4

+i

Example
Problem Subtract. (−3 + 3i) – (7 – 2i)
(−3 + 3i) – (7 – 2i) = Be sure to distribute
−3 + 3i – 7 + 2i the subtraction sign to
all terms in the
subtrahend.
−3 – 7 + 3i + 2i Rearrange the terms to
put like terms together.
−3 – 7 = −10 and Combine like terms.
3i + 2i = (3 + 2)i = 5i

Answer (−3 + 3i) – (7 – 2i) = 10 + 5i

Subtract. (5 + 3i) – (3 – i)

A) 2 + 4i

B) 6

C) 2 + 2i
D) 8 + 2i

Show/Hide Answer
A) 2 + 4i
Correct. Distributing the subtraction to the second complex number gives 5 + 3i – 3 + i.
Rearranging to put like terms together gives 5 – 3 + 3i + i, and combining like terms gives 2
+ 4i
(5i)( −3i) = (5)( −3)(i)(i)

= −15i2

= −15(−1)

= 15

Example
Problem Multiply. (3i)(2i)
(3i)(2i) = (3)(2)(i)(i) Multiply the coefficients
= 6i2 of itogether, and then
multiply i times i.
6i2 = 6(−1) Replace i2 with –1.

6(−1) = −6 Multiply.
Answer (3i)(2i) = −6
Simplify. −24i ÷ 6
Treat the division as a
fraction. Simplify the
fraction using a factor
that the numerator and
denominator have in
common.

Answer −24i ÷ 6 = −4i Since the result has no

denominator, no more
simplification is needed.

Example
 Problem Simplify. 32i ÷ 6i
Treat the division as a
fraction. Simplify the
fraction using a factor
that the numerator and
denominator have in
common. Note in this
case, i is part of the
common factor.
Answer The fraction is in
simplest form.
32i ÷ 6i =
(5 + 2i ) + (7 + 12i)Step 1
Group the real part of the complex number and the imaginary part of the complex number.
(5 + 7) + (2i + 12i)
Step 2
Combine the like terms and simplify
12 + 14i
9.) Every complex number has associated with it another complex number known as its
complex conjugate. You find the complex conjugate simply by changing the sign of the
imaginary part of the complex number. Example To find the complex conjugate of 4+7i we
change the sign of the imaginary part. Thus the complex conjugate of 4+7i is 4 − 7i.