TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL SHEET

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 ABSTRACT

Civil means being one of the people living in country. Applying engineering knowledge to

deal with community problems is a must for civil engineers. St. Therese of the Child Jesus Chapel

at Carmelite, Mangan-Vaca, Subic, Zambaleshas a lower elevation compared to the main road of

Subic. The topographic characteristics of the said area result in frequent flooding. An existing

drainage system is not enough to hold the enormous amount of water. Constructing an

additional Storm Drainage System will minimize the flood in times of typhoons and heavy rains.

The area being flooded serves as access road for people attending the chapel’s mass. Therefore,

accomplishing the proposed project will help the community who lives and goes to the chapel.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter contains the introduction, statement of the problem, general objective,

specific objectives, scope and delimitation, and significance of the study to give an overview of

the project.

INTRODUCTION

St. Therese Chapel of the Child Jesus is a church through the efforts of the OCD Sisters,

Friars and fellow OCDS members, the St. Teresa of Jesus and John of the Cross Community,

Subic, Zambales have grown continuously to date.

With only a few members a year after the Mt. Pinatubo eruption, the Subic Secular Order

of Discalced Carmelites (OCDS) became stronger as the years passed and thru the efforts of the

OCD Nuns, our past community Presidents, and the Spiritual Guidance provided by the OCD

Friars and OCD Brothers that continuously visits Subic Carmel of the Holy Spirit.

With over a total number of 31 active members undergoing regular formation held

during our regular monthly meeting, the Subic OCD Secular continuously aims to follow the

guidance of the three Great Doctors of the Order, Sts. Teresa of Avila, John of the Cross, Therese

of the child Jesus in knowing how to love God and how to befriend God with the help of the

Blessed Mother Mary and her beloved Spouse St. Joseph. Flood is a common problem in some

parts of the town of Subic due to its low elevation. The chapel is one of those affected areas.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Without use of any surveying tools, an instant judgement of the Chapel’s area from its

gate entrance is that it has a low elevation. Low elevation means a prone to flood. Testimonies of

the chapel’s residents provide proofs and experiences of flood in the area. Well-known free

software named Google Earth Pro provides a topographic detail of any place of the Earth. The

researchers tried and checked the software and it provided the details of the church’s elevation.

Compared to the Subic’s main road, the Chapel’s area is lower. A drainage system is already

constructed to handle the flood but is not enough to solve to problem. Therefore, questions

arise:

Specifically, the study sought answers to the following questions:

1. Where does the additional drainage system be constructed to help minimize flood

problems at the St. Therese of the Child Jesus Chapel?

2. What is the design of the drainage system for the area?

The general problem of the study is the location and design of the additional drainage

system to help in handling flood problems.

GENERAL OBJECTIVE

The general objective of this project is to help the community that uses the surrounding

specially the chapel and the people that live in the area.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

The construction of the drainage system will have the following objectives

1. To demonstrate knowledge in engineering and to apply it real time.

2. To produce some new learning experience in the field of engineering.

3. To facilitate the pathway of the people going to the chapel.

4. To enhance collaboration and teamwork among group members.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This project focuses on the construction of additional storm drainage system of St.

Therese Chapel of the Child Jesus at Mangan-vaca Subic, Zambales. It includes the architectural

and structural plans, the estimate of total bill of materials needed for the whole project and the

step by step construction schedule.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Parishioner of St. Therese. The people that often go to the church will be the most

benefitted in this project. The construction of the drainage will help the flow of water to lessen

the cause of flooding around the area. It will be easier for the parishioners to walk in and by

without the worry flooding when the rain comes.

Council and Administrators.The council and the administrator especially the chaplain of

the chapel will be also benefitted in this project, they will worry less of the possible flooding of

the pathway to the chapel and it will attract more parishioners to come and pray to the chapel

Civil Engineering Students.This will also benefit the Engineering students, they can use the

knowledge they’ve learned in their Engineering program and perform it in actual setting. The

students will also gain experiences from this project that they may help them in the future.

Community.The St. Therese of the Child Jesus Chapelwill be not only benefitted to this

project, the community or the locals around the area will be also benefitted. This project will

serve as water drainage when the rain or storm comes. The prime purpose of the Engineering

field is to create things easier and to help others.

 NOTES IN CHAPTER I

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

RELATED STUDIES

1.

The study of drainage system in Metro Manila specifically along Espana Boulevard will bring

major benefits. As the improvement of the drainage system, it reduces the damages to the houses and

public facilities. Minimize the loss of public and private properties will contribute greatly to the

improvement and standard of living to the stabilization of people’s livelihood and the serious congestion

resulting from the long flooding in Metro Manila. Flooding is a perennial problem in Metro Manila,

various flood and drainage system projects have been implemented in Metropolis in the last two

decades, but it seems only a little have been gained because the flood problems will persist. Flood

control and drainage system has yet effectively address due to the inadequate capacity of existing

drainage channels in conveying storm water to the dumping stations. The drainage improvement

measure has been hampered by the very limited information in the present conditions of existing

drainage channels.
2.

Drainage System Design and its Background Drainage system is an important aspect of urban

and rural systems in all kinds of places. Drainage system has unprecedented number of uses ranging

from collecting sewage to storm water runoffs. Urbanization is undoubtedly the main reason behind it

all. According to Grigg, Hiller & Riordan (1978), urbanization has a huge impact on the modernization of

a specific area by turning it from a natural and agricultural environment to a residential and commercial

environment. The transition will cause the alteration in the storm water runoff nature of the said

urbanizing watershed that will lead to increased storm water damages such as floods.

Due to excessive change in surroundings, some of the existing sewer and drainages become left

behind. Some of the old drainages may risk contaminating the water supply due to reasons such as

infiltration and excessive inflow. Because of this, the wastewater collection system might be

compromised and there is a need of evaluation whether the existing sewer pipes are still capable of

doing the job that it was designed to do. According to a document from United States Environmental

Protection Agency (2007), there is a need to treat excessive infiltration and inflow to prevent backups

and system overflows as well as challenging peak-flow treatment at wastewater pants. Another problem

that will arise is the deterioration of wastewater 11 collection that will cause infiltration of groundwater

and export recharge of groundwater from watersheds if not taken into focus. Thus, a good combination

of well-designed drainages and impervious roads will be the key in reducing the excessive flood flow

during rainy season.

Designing drainage systems considers multiple factors that tackle basic hydrological aspects

with a touch on road factors. It must satisfy criteria such as allowing of minimum disturbance of the

natural drainage pattern and draining of the surface from water in order to prevent the excessive
collection of water which will cause problems such as floods and erosion. Marsalek & Watt (1984) stated

that designing drainage system will be dependent on the location of the area where the drainage system

will be constructed. It is recommended that there be a study on the region by looking on the respective

data such as rainfall data, hydrograph models, supplemented by specifications of the computational

procedure and normal antecedent conditions. Cimorelli et al. (2013) also implied that optimal design of

rural drainage networks must be based on the coupling of a genetic algorithm with suitable hydrologic

and hydraulic models that further look on the evaluation of water depth and discharge through the

network, rainfall-runoff transformation and flood wave propagation through channels. In the

Philippines, there are multiple regions with varying data regarding rainfall intensities.

In designing and constructing of drainages, the weather aspect must have a great focus. Since

the whole word is undergoing Climate Change, perhaps there is a need to consider exaggerated weather

scenarios in the design of new drainage system. Duchesne & Mailhot, (2010) reported that the effects of

climate changes must be included into the design consideration of drainage systems. These projections

for the design must be provided by the various climate models with the emphasis that intense rainfall

will increase in the near future because of the acceleration on greenhouse gas concentrations. There is a

need to look into the rainfall 12 projections of a certain area and expected level of lifetime and

performance of the drainage system. As stated on Abdellatif, Atherton, Alkhaddar & Osman (2013), it is

good to have longlasting urban drainage plans for future management of urban drainage system. It is

very helpful to design systems using this kind of approach

3.

Weather Effects and Climate Change Excessive floods can be traced on high volume of rainfall

coming from huge storms. These storms happen due to disturbance in the climate. Since the Philippines

is near the Pacific Ocean, there will always be the possibility that the country will encounter many

storms, especially during the rainy season (June - September). But as of late, the number of storms as

well as their strength is being observed to increase and one can assume climate change is a factor. As

reported by Abdellatif, Atherton, Alkhaddar & Osman (2013), the issue of climate change has been

increasing and its effects have already been observed around the world with further changes in climate

being projected to take place in the future. König, Linde, Mark, & Svensson, (2008) concluded that the

Climate Change may affect the change the precipitation of some countries. In addition to that, having an

extreme summer condition will have a payoff during the rainy season because there will be an increase

in the rainfall events and its intensities. This will be the primary reason for overflowing sewers that will

cause floods in urban areas. According to Berggren (2008), the sudden changes in the climatic conditions

will drastically affect the urban drainage systems because of the fact that the drainage system is related

to the weather phenomenon and were built for the purpose of coping up with the weather occurring.

On the other hand, Teegavarapu (2012) implied that extreme flood conditions are not necessarily

brought by the short-duration extreme rainfall events. The long-duration rainfall event shall still be held

responsible for extreme flooding events. 13 During the past years the country has been
http://fs.mapua.edu.ph/MapuaLibrary/Thesis/Optimization%20of%20Roadside%20Drainage%20

Systems%20A%20Comparative%20Analysis%20of%20Rectangular%20Lined%20Ditch%20and%2

0Underdrain%20Systems%20using%20RCP.pdf - Optimization of Roadside Drainage Systems: A

Comparative Analysis of Rectangular Lined Ditch and Underdrain System using RCP by Jefferson Bill G.

Bisnar Kierwin S. De Dios Patricia B. Profitana, Mapua Institute of Technology September 2014

http://www.sersc.org/journals/IJDRBC/vol6/3.pdf - Flood Control and Drainage System of Espana

Boulevard in Metro Manila Tomas U. Ganiron Jr IAENG, Hongkong College of Architecture, Qassim

University, Buraidah City Tomasuganironjr@gmail.com - International Journal of Disaster Recovery and

Business Continuity Vol.6, November (2015), pp.17-28 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijdrbc.2015.6.03