Dossier Ciletuh Palabuhanratu

f
West Java Province Sukabumi Regency

Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................................................I

LIST OF TAB LES .................................................................................................................................................................. II
TABLE OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................................................... III
A. IDENTIFICATION OF THE AREA ............................................................................................................................5
A.1. NAME OF THE PROPOSED GEOPARK ........................................................................................................................... 5
A.2. LOCATION OF THE PROPOSED GEOPARK.................................................................................................................... 5
A.3. SURFACE A REA, PHYSICAL AND HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CHARACT ERISTICS OF PROPOSED GEOPARK.............. 5
A.4. ORGANIZATION IN CHARGE AND MANAGEMENT ST RUCTURE................................................................................. 6
A.4.1. Administrative body..............................................................................................................................................6
A.4.2. Board.......................................................................................................................................................................6
A.4.3. Budget and finance ...............................................................................................................................................6
A.5. A PPLICATION CONTACT P ERSON ................................................................................................................................. 7
B. GEOLOGICAL HERITAGE ..........................................................................................................................................8
B.1. GENERAL GEOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED GEOPARK .............................................................................. 8
B. 1.1. Tectonic synthesis of Cretaceous subduction..................................................................................................8
B.1.2. Magmatic arc shifting of West Java ..................................................................................................................9
B.1.3. Stratigraphy of Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu region ............................................................................................ 11
B.2. LI ST AND DESCRIPTION OF GEOLOGICAL SIT ES ....................................................................................................... 12
B.2.1. Cisolok Geoarea ................................................................................................................................................ 13
B.2.2. Jampang Geoarea.............................................................................................................................................. 15
B.2.3. Ciletuh Geoarea ................................................................................................................................................. 16
B.3 DET AIL SCIENTIFICT VALUE OF GEOSIT ES................................................................................................................. 20
B.3.1. International scientific meaning...................................................................................................................... 20
B.3.1.1. Subduction zone uplifted rocks ................................................................................................................ 20
B.3.1.2. Deep marine sediment and animal-shaped rocks.................................................................................. 21
B.3.1.4. Ancient magmat ic zone shifting, fo re arc evolut ion. ........................................................................... 22
B.3.2. Nasional scientific meaning ............................................................................................................................. 22
B.3.2.1. Research conducted ................................................................................................................................... 22
B.3.2.2. Paleohigh in West Java.............................................................................................................................. 23
B.3.3. Regional and Local Scientific Meaning ......................................................................................................... 23
B.3.3.1. Marine Geology Research of Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu........................................................................... 23
B.4. LI ST ING AND DESCRIPTION OF NON GEOLOGICAL SIT ES ........................................................................................ 24
B.4.1. Cultural sites....................................................................................................................................................... 24
B.4.1.1. Cu ltural villages.......................................................................................................................................... 24
B.4.1.2. Megalith ....................................................................................................................................................... 24
B.4.1.3. Historical monument ................................................................................................................................. 24
B.4.1.4. To mb and temp le ........................................................................................................................................ 25
B.4.1.5. Intangible cultural heritage ....................................................................................................................... 25
B.4.1.6. Bat ik village ................................................................................................................................................ 26
B.4.2. Biological sites ................................................................................................................................................... 27
B.4.2.1. Nature reserve ............................................................................................................................................. 28
B.4.2.2. Wildlife reserve .......................................................................................................................................... 28
B.4.2.3. Nat ional park............................................................................................................................................... 28
B.4.2.4. Conservation forest .................................................................................................................................... 29
B.4.2.5. Green turtle conservation .......................................................................................................................... 29
B.4.2.6. Plantation ..................................................................................................................................................... 30
B.4.2.7. Farm (cultivation)....................................................................................................................................... 30
B.4.5. THE LINKAGE BETWEEN GEOLOGICAL AND NON GEOLOGICAL SIT ES............................................................... 31
B.4.5.1. Geodiversity and biodiversity....................................................................................................................... 31
B.4.5.2. Geodiversity and cultural diversity ............................................................................................................. 32
B.4.5.2.1. Geo logical information on toponymy ................................................................................................. 32
B.4.5.2.2. Geo logic influence in livelihood .......................................................................................................... 32
B.4.5.2.3. Geo logic influences into culture.......................................................................................................... 33
B.4.6. GEOT RAIL .................................................................................................................................................................. 33
An Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global Geoparks i

C. GEOCONS ERVATION ................................................................................................................................................ 33
C.1. OPPORTUNITIES AND PRESSURE IN PROPOSED GEOPARK....................................................................................... 33
C.2. CURRENT STAT US OF PROTECTION OF GEOLOGICAL SIT ES WITHIN THE P ROPOSED GEOPARK.......................... 34
C.3. M ANAGEMENT AND MAINTANCE OF HERITAGE SITES............................................................................................ 35
D. ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AND B US INESS PLAN ............................................................................................... 36
D.1. ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN THE PROPOSED GEOPARK................................................................................................. 36
D.2. EXIST ING AND PLANNED FACILITIES......................................................................................................................... 37
D.2.1. Existing facilities ............................................................................................................................................... 37
D.2.2. Planned facilities............................................................................................................................................... 38
D.3. A NALYSIS OF GEOTOURISM POTENTIAL ................................................................................................................... 39
D.4. OVERVIEW AND POLICIES FOR T HE SUST AINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF GEOHERITAGE , GEOEDUCATION,
GEOT OURISM AND ECONOMY...................................................................................................................................... 40
D.4.1. Geotourism and economy................................................................................................................................. 40
D.4.2. Geoeducation ..................................................................................................................................................... 41
D.4.2.1. Education activit ies.................................................................................................................................... 41
D.4.2.2. Disaster Prevention Education................................................................................................................. 42
D.4.2.3. Planned for education activities ............................................................................................................... 43
D.4.3. Geoheritage ........................................................................................................................................................ 43
D.5. POLICIES FOR COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT............................................................................................................ 43
D.6. POLICIES FOR PUBLIC AND ST AKEHOLDER AWARENESS ........................................................................................ 44
D.6.1. Attracting public attention ............................................................................................................................... 44
D.6.2. Attracting stakeholders..................................................................................................................................... 45
E. INTER ES T AND ARGUMENTS FOR B ECOMING UNESCO GLOBAL GEOPARKS ......................... 46
BIB LIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................................................. 47
List of Tables
Table 1. Annual budget allocation for geopark develop ment (all figures in US$) .........................................................6
Table 2. Official address and contact person of Management Board ...............................................................................7
Table 3. List of geosites in Cisolok Geoareas of Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark.......................................................14
Table 4. List of geosites in Jampang geoarea, Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu geopark ............................................................15
Table 5. List of geosites in Ciletuh Geoarea of Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark .........................................................17
Table 6. List of Cultural sites at Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark ..................................................................................27
Table 7. List of Bio logical sites at Ciletuh – Palabuhanratu Geopark ............................................................................31
Table 8. Numbers of population in Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark distributed in 8 districts of Sukabumi
Regency (BPS, 2015)...............................................................................................................................................36
An Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global Geoparks ii

Table of Figures
Figure 1. Location map of Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark, Su kabumi, West Java, Indonesia...................................6

Figure 2. Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark Management Structure....................................................................................7
Figure 3. The SRTM image of the Ciletuh – Palabuhanratu Geopark ..............................................................................8
Figure 4. Paleotectonic setting of Early Cretaceous in southern and southeastern Sundaland. Early Cretaceous
subduction occurred in Ciletuh, Luk Ulo, Meratus, and Bantimala, consuming the Meso -Tethys Sea.
Bayat was at the front of SE Java microcontinent. Paternoster-Kangean and West Sulawesi
microcontinents was about to docking the Meratus and Bantimala Trenches (Satyana, 2014). .............10
Figure 5. Stratigraphic correlation of Meratus, Ciletuh, Luk ulo, Bayat and Bantimala Complexes, and Flores Sea
Island, (Satyana, 2014).........................................................................................................................................10
Figure 6. Tertiary Mag matic arcs in Java and the distribution of volcanic rocks (Soeria-At madja et. al. 1994). ...10
Figure 7. Rock fo rmations and stratigraphic correlation of the Ciletuh -Palabuhanratu geopark region ..................12
Figure 8. Distribution map of geosites in the Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark.............................................................13
Figure 9. Major sites map of Cisolok geoarea, Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu geopark..........................................................14
Figure 10. Distribution of geosites in Jampang Geoarea, Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark........................................16
Figure 11. Geosite distribution of the Ciletuh Geoarea, Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark ..........................................20
Figure 12. Evidence of ophiolite and metamorphic rocks : (A). Peridotite, (B). Gabbro, (C). Plagiogranite sill in
peridotite, (D) Greenshisct (E). Pillow lava, (F). Serpentin ite ......................................................................21
Figure 13. Model of EW No rmal Fauts and Deposition of Ciletuh Formation (Sch iller, et al., 1991). ....................22
Figure 14. Model of Gravity Collapse mechanis m in formation of Ciletuh A mphiteatre (Nugraha, et al., 2016) ..22
Figure 15. Paleohigh of Ciletuh Area in Oligocene (Haryanto, 2014) ...........................................................................23
Figure 16. Geological map, bathymetry, and pattern of wave current in Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu bay.......................23
Figure 17. Cultural village at Sinarresmi, ceremony of Seren Taun, varieties of paddy (rice) and traditional
granary (Leuit) for paddy storage at Ciptagelar village. ................................................................................24
Figure 18. Bunker in Waluran, Yellow bridge in Palabuhanratu, Tea factory in Bojongasih ....................................25
Figure 19. Megalith sites of Tugu Cengkuk in Cisolok Geoarea .....................................................................................25
Figure 20. Dewi Kuan Im temple o f Buddhist originated fro m Thailand is located in Loji beach area ...................25
Figure 21. Art performance of Cepet and Sundadaksina dance.......................................................................................26
Figure 22. Woman are making batik pattern as geoproduct in Batik village at Purwasedar village, Ciletuh
Geoarea ...................................................................................................................................................................26
Figure 23. Three flagship species at Gunung Halimun – Salak National Park: Javan Gibbon; Leopard; and Javan
hawk (TNGHS, 2014) ..........................................................................................................................................28
Figure 24. Variety of orchid and mushroom at Gunung Halimun -Salak Nat ional Park. (TNGHS, 2014)...............29
Figure 25. Raflesia pad ma, A mo rphophallus paeonifolius and bamboo as biodiversity of conservation forest .....29
Figure 26. Turt le and the babies at conservation area........................................................................................................30
Figure 27. Dragon fru its and tea plantations at the Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark ...................................................30
Figure 28. Shrimps farm and Mandrajaya v illage of Ciletuh Geoarea ...........................................................................30
Figure 29. Paddy field at Mekarsakti Village, Ciletuh Geoarea, and bunch of various types of paddy to be stored
at granary during the “Seren Taun” ceremony in Ciptagelar cultural village of Ciletuh -Palabuhanratu
Geopark...................................................................................................................................................................30
Figure 30. Traditional fishing method (bagan/jermal) and fisherman at Ciletuh Geopark .........................................32
Figure 31. Conservation map of Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu geopark....................................................................................34
Figure 32. Example of sign board at Jampang Plateu (Puncak darma site) view point of the Palangpang Beach
that include the prohition of littering, hunting, tree cutting and rock samp ling .........................................35
Figure 33. Graphic d istributions of employ ment type within the Ciletuh -Palabuhanaratu Geopark region ...........36
Figure 34. Graphic d istributions of economic income of four major sectors in Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark ..37
Figure 35. Graphic o f nu mbers of tourist visitor within the dictricts of geopark area .................................................37
Figure 36. Several existing tourist facilities at the Tamanjaya village, Ciletuh -Palabuhanratu Geopark
(Informat ion Centre, Ho mestay, Road Access, boat rent, small museu m, tourist attraction) ..................38
An Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global Geoparks iii

Figure 37. Planned Facilities to be built at Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark. (A. Airport; B. Turtle Conservation
Park; C. Amphitheater View Deck and tourism facilities; D. Puncakdarma and Palangpang Beach)
development plan and facilties ............................................................................................................................39
Figure 38. Geouturism and economic activity at Batik village and Buddhist temple geosites of Ciletuh -
Palabuhanratu Geopark ........................................................................................................................................41
Figure 39. University student’s fieldtrip, socialization and fieldtrip to geopark for elementary to high school .....42
Figure 40. Train ing for co mmun ity empowerment of geoproduct such as food products of local resources ..........42
Figure 41. Signboard, resque post and assambly point at Karanghawu beach, Ciletuh -Palabuhanratu Geopark ...42
Figure 42. Training to community of resque (left), ambulance and resque car “komodo” (center) and for
conservation at Tamanjaya Village ....................................................................................................................42
Figure 43. activities conducted for community empowering program at the Ciletuh -Palabuhanratu Geopark
(Coral p lanting, mangrove conservation, management wo rkshot, etc.).......................................................44
Figure 44. Signage at Sudirman railway station, Jakarta (left), Road to Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark Festival
(center), and Exh ibit ion during the UGG-7 at Riviera Geopark (right).......................................................44
Figure 45. Promotion material about the geopark at the train magazine, newspapers, published book and website.
..................................................................................................................................................................................45
An Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global Geoparks iv

A. IDENTIFICATION OF THE AREA
A.1. Name of the Proposed Geopark
The Ciletuh – Palabuhanratu Geopark is the name of the geopark for which member status to the
UNESCO Global Geopark (UGG) is applied through this proposal. The Ciletuh is named after the main Ciletuh
River in the geopark area; name of the oldest (Paleocene-Eocene age) sedimentary formation’s type locality,
Ciletuh Formation; and the name for the Ciletuh Bay, which is part of the geopark region. The Palabuhanra tu
(queen harbor) is the name after the legend or myth of South Ocean Queen who act as guardian queen of the area.
At the begining, the Ciletuh geopark name was defined by the Decree of Sukabumi Regent Number:
556/Kep.684-Disparbudpora/2014 on October 24, 2014, with 330 km2 total area covering 15 villages at Ciemas
dan Ciracap districts. But according to geotourism potential analysis, in order to become international tourist
destination, it is necessary to include the area of tourist destination which has already known by local or
international visitor. The Geopark committee was recommended to extend the geopark area to Cisolok and
Palabuhanratu districts as well as to Surade and Waluran districts, which also have international significant of
geological, cultural diversities and economic activity. Finally, the Committee defined the extention of geopark
with total area of geopark to become 1,260 km2 that covering 8 districts and 74 villages, that stated by the Decree
of West Java Governor Number : 556/Kep.941-Rek/ 2016 dated September 2016 (Document is attached in the
appendix).
A.2. Location of the Proposed Geopark

The Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark is located in southwest of Sukabumi Regency, West Java, Indonesia.It
has coverage area of 126,000 Ha, or 126 km2 and bound by the coordinates in the northern part of 1060 31'33.9 6"
East Longitude and -60 46'6.6 South Latitude; in the eastern part of 1060 41'27.6" East Longitude and -70 1'41.88’'
South Latitude; in the western part of 1060 34'20.64" East Longitude and -70 25'9.12” South Latitude; and
1060 22'9.12" East Longitude and -70 14'3.84" South Latitude. The Ciletuh – Palabuhanratu Geopark is easily
accessible from major cities nearby such as Jakarta, Bandung, Bogor and Sukabumi (Figure 1). The Palabuhanratu
city is the capital of Sukabumi Regency.
A.3. Surface Area, Physical and Human Geography Characteristics of Proposed Geopark
This geopark region has hilly to plain topography, stretching from north to south and bou nded by Indian
Ocean in the west. The northern area is typically mountaineous region as part of Gunung Halimun-Salak National
Park and active volcano, characterized by hotspring, geyser and geothermal potential. The center and southern
areas of Ciletuh are characterized by highland area called “the Jampang Plateau” and the horseshoe-shape
landscape called “amphitheater” as evidence of tectonic activity that occurred in the Tertiary – Neogene ages that
affect the Jampang Formation. The evidence of tectonic activity is the emergence a series of waterfalls, topography
of triagular facet and the huge valley of Ciwaru and Ciletuh bay s. The southwestern edge of the geopark is covered
by ophiolite, Continental Plate with Indian Ocean Plate during the Cretaceous Age. This area is believed to be the
first emerging metamorphic and melange complex that resulted from the subduction processes between Eurasian
land of western part of Java Island.
The Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark covers 74 villages in 8 districts of Cisolok, Cikakak, Palabuhanratu,
Simpenan, Ciemas, Ciracap, Waluran and Surade. Based on 2014 population data, the number of people living in
74 villages in this region reach up to 492.852 people that is dominated by the Sundanese as native and a small
number of tribal settlers in coastal areas. In the local Sundanese languange, the word “Ciletuh” could have several
meanings, such as “Ci” is for river or water, and “Letuh” means un-clean water, but it also could be meant as
“leubuh” or ‘sinking’ ship at the ocean, this meaning is regarding to the local legend of the princes of south ocean
sea that most popular at Palabuhanratu district.
Residents there use Indonesian as the national language and Sunda as mother tongue. The communities in
the geopark livelihood diverse, ranging from farmers, fishermen, teachers, agriculture, and government officials .
The major income comes from fishery as the area having large costal area on open sea, followed by agriculture,
plantation and animal husbandry, while from tourism is very limited. Where, before developing as geopark area,
the tourism destination is only at Palabuhanratu, Ujunggenteng, Surade and Cisolok, while others district are not
tourism region. Therefore before 2015, the numbers of tourist visitor in other district was very limited.
The topography of the area is starting from very lowland region of costal area until hilly mountain in the
northern part of Cisolok geoarea. The setlement and paddy field are mostly located along the coastline, and some
are also located in the hilly region. In the Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu region also exist nature reserve of Cikepuh,
Tangkubanparahu and Sakawayana; Cibanteng wildlife; Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park; and Cipeucang
Conservation Forest.
An Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global Geoparks 5

Figure 1. Location map of Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark, Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia
A.4. Organization in charge and management structure

A.4.1. Administrative body
The Geopark is run by the Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu management body, which was established in August 2015 under
the Decree of Sukabumi Regent Number : 556-05/Kep.559-Disparbudpora/2015, and and strengthened by
Decree of West Java Governor Number : 556/Kep.456-Rek/ 2016 dated May 3, 2016 and Number 20, 2016
dated May 2, 2016 through the collaboration between the government, universities, tourism groups, business
groups, research institute, research organization, schools, tourism agency and local residents with the Governor of
West Java as the chairperson. The meetings are regularly held and additional board meetings are called as needed.
A.4.2. Board
The board comprises the members shown in the organizational chart (Figure 2). At the board meetings,
decisions are made on each business activities and roles are allotted for planning and development, conservation,
research and education, partnerships, funding, community empowering, geosite management and promotion
activities. The Advisory board of the geopark consists three main bodies called : Steering Committee;
Representative Committee and Executive Committee. The execut ive committee has eigth (8) divisions under
direct supervision of expert team. The treasurer is under the secretary body.
A.4.3. Budget and finance

Toward preparation for the UNESCO Global Geopark application, since established as national geopark,
the annual budget for the development of the Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark is fully supported by central
government of West Java, and local government of Sukabumi Regency (Table 1). Private sector from PT. Bio
Farma, regional owned enterprises (BUMD) also supported and Padjadjaran University.
Table 1. Annual budget allocation for geopark development (all figures in US$)
Fiscal year Source of budget

West Java Sukabumi
Government Regency
2016 11,985,767 5,111,158
2017 17,242,440 1,465,422
The West Java government subsidies for fiscal years 2016 and 2017 are used for the development of infrastructure,
tourism facilities, community empowerment programs (such as guide training, homestay, and geoproduct);
signboard; education programme while from PT. Bio Farma is mainly suppporting for community empowermen t

in conservation programme, geoproduct, prepare for health facilities, sanitation and information panel, and local
community center; while BUMD is allocated for development of main gate, information center, and sanitation.
The committee also plans to develop its own business such as licensing of the geopark logo (used in geoproduct
and merchandise or other product of geopark partner) or obtain sponsorship from businesses.
The Padjadjaran University is fully support since the beginning of geopark development. The university
has alocated research funding through Academic Leadership Grant for the professor and researchers which is also
involving undergraduate and prostgraduate students to conduct research in Geopark, mainly in geology, biology
and culture. The research results is used as sources to support the geopark education, promotion, interpretation
panel, website and material for international geopark conference organized by GGN-UNESCO and APGN.
A.5. Application contact person
The list of management board defined by the decree of the West Java Governor, and the contact person and
office are :
Table 2. Official address and contact person of Management Board
Name Address
H. Dana Budiman +62-813-1615-8009
(Vice CEO Management) danabdmn@gmail.com
Adjie Ahmad Ridwan Tourist Information Centre Ciletuh - Palabuhanratu Geopark
(Main Secretariat) Jl. Citepus Km 3 Palabuhanratu-Sukabumi.
Telp. +6281291112444
Rinaldi Ikhram Management of Ciletuh - Palabuhanratu Geopark
(Supporting Secretariat) Jl. LLRE. Martadinata 209, Bandung 40114
Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Telp. +62-85624761555
Rosse Nevertari Tourist Information Centre Ciletuh - Palabuhanratu Geopark
Treasurer Jl. Citepus Km 3 Palabuhanratu-Sukabumi.
Telp. +6281381327722
Mega F. Rosana +62-8112213566; +62-8172324211
(Scientist Team ) Faculty of Geology, Padjadjaran University
mega.fatimah.rosana@unpad.ac.id
Website www.ciletuhpalabuhanratugeopark.org
Email timkeukeuhciletuh@gmail.co m
Figure 2. Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark Management Structure

B. GEOLOGICAL HERITAGE
B.1. General geological description of proposed geopark

The Ciletuh - Palabuhanratu Geopark is situated between the borders of tectonically active zones in the
world, namely the subduction zone between the Eurasian plate and the Indo -Australian (Indian ocean) plate, which
is continuing to move toward each other at nearly of 4 mm /year. The evidence of similar subduction process that
occured during the Cretaceous age can be seen in the southern part of Ciletuh - Palabuhanratu Geopark in the form
of the occurences of rock formation that deposited within the very deep trench, which is created by the subduction
process. The rock formation complex includes the mantle rocks composed of ophiolite (consist of peridotite,
gabbro, plagiogranite, amphibolite and pillow lava basalt); the metamorphic rocks of mica schist, greens chist and
serpentinite are formed due to the medium to low metamorphic process during the subduction; and the deep marine
sedimentary rocks that mixed together as melange complex of Ciletuh Formation. This area can be called as a
place “the first emerging land of Western Java Island”. The center part of geopark area is represented by the
Jampang highland or well know as “Jampang Plateau” composed of epiclastic product that sedimented at marin e
environment. The northern part of the geopark is characterized by the active volcano as represented by the
occurence of geyser and several hotsprings and travertine deposit as well as hydrothermal potential. Therefore,
based on geological characteristics, the geopark region can be differentiated into 3 geoareas (Figure 3).
Figure 3. The SRTM image of the Ciletuh – Palabuhanratu Geopark
B. 1.1. Tectonic synthesis of Cretaceous subduction

The paleogeographic status of southeast Sundaland (including south Borneo and southwest Sulawesi) in
the Tertiary is controversial, since paleomagnetic data offer contradictory interpretations: one that the region has
undergone large-scale counterclockwise rotation (Fuller et al. 1991), the other with no rotation (Lee & Lawver
1994). Regional geological considerations (Hall 1996), however, support the view that the continental e dge of
southeast Sundaland has undergone a counterclockwise rotation of up to 45±5° since the Late Oligocene.
Accepting this premise and synthesizing the available data from the accretionary complexes of central Indonesia,
we present the following speculative synopsis of the tectonic evolution of those complexes and their metamorphic
constituents.

A. Jurassic to Early Cretaceous: Andean-Type Subduction of Meso-Tethys (Parkinson, 1996)
North-directed subduction of Meso-Tethys oceanic lithosphere beneath the Sundaland margin during the Late
Jurassic to Early Cretaceous resulted in the development of the Early Cretaceous continental arc (Pieters &
Supriatna 1990) in the Schwaner Mountains of south central Kalimantan. Variably disrupted packages of midocean
ridge basalt (MORB) and overlying pelagic and clastic sediment offscraped at the trench are presently distributed
in Luk Ulo, Laut Island, and possibly in the Ciletuh area of s outhwest Java (Figure 4).
B. Plate Convergence in South-Southeastern Sundaland during Cretaceous (Satyana, 2014)
Subduction in Ciletuh and Luk Ulo in upper Early Cretaceous continued into the Late Cretaceous. Not much
is known about the Cretaceous convergence in Ciletuh area due to scarcity of geological investigations. Tectonic
relationship between Ciletuh and Luk Ulo is not known although some rocks of Ciletuh show similarities with
those of Lok Ulo. Ophiolites (peridotite, gabbro and pillow basalt), graywacke, limestone, red shales, serpentinite,
phyllite, and glaucophane schist of Ciletuh are similar to those of Luk Ulo. No radiolarian biostratigraphy has been
researched and published for Ciletuh, the presence of radiolarian chert is also not clear although its presence was
reported by Suhaeli et al. (1977). No detailed metamorphic rocks study has been conducted and published for the
Ciletuh, although an age of 117 Ma for the glaucophane schist was ever mentioned (the primary reference is
unknown, mentioned in Prasetyadi, 2007). However, based on existing rocks and available publications, this study
assumed that Ciletuh subduction was similar with Luk Ulo subduction, forming one belt of Cretaceous subduction.
During the earliest Tertiary, there was significant uplift everywhere in western Indonesia. Part of the
imbricated mélanges in Ciletuh and Luk Ulo trenches exposed and became the provenances for olistostromal
deposits at the lower part of Middle Eocene Ciletuh and Karangsambung Formations deposited at the slope of
trenches. The source of these sediments may uplifted Late Cretaceous Haruyan Group volcanics. The source for
upper Paleocene Malawa Formation in Bantimala area was uplifted Late Cretaceous Balangbaru topographic highs
(Hasan, 1991). Paleocene to Eocene volcanic activity can be traced from South Sulawesi to the southwestern coast
of Sumatra via Java Island (Soeria-Atmadja et al., 1998). Calc-alkaline volcanic rocks are scattered throughout
South Sulawesi (Yuwono et al., 1988) and Central Java (Suparka and Soeria-Atmadja, 1991). These data suggest
that subduction-related magmatism occurred all along the southeastern margin of Sundaland at this time (Soeria -
Atmadja et al., 1998).
However, definite volcanic arc of Java did not come into being before Oligo -Miocene forming Old Andesite
volcanic arc (presently the Southern Mountains of Java). Middle to Late Miocene Camba-Enrekang volcanics in
Western Sulawesi, showing the first definite subduction zone in Tertiary was Oligo -Miocene subduction zone in
offshore of south Java, and Middle to Late Miocene subduction zone to the east of Western Sulawesi. Followin g
the collision of India to Eurasia in 50 Ma, Southeast Asia became the area of post -collision tectonic escape. Almost
the whole SE Asia escaped and extruded southwestward away from the collision. Major strike-slip faults and
opening of marginal basins occurred as responses to escape tectonics. The opening of Makassar Straits was a
response of tectonic escape. The Makassar Straits opening took place in the area of formerly Paternoster and West
Salawati microcontinents. The opening occurred until Early Miocene, separating Meratus and Bantimala areas into
their present position (Figure 4 - 6).
B.1.2. Magmatic arc shifting of West Java
Java has often been referred to as a classical example of the relationship of calc -alkaline magmatism to
subduction. Subduction of the Indian Ocean beneath the Sunda arc is considered to have been active since at least
Eocene time, according to geodynamic reconstructions (Hamilton 1979, Katili 1975, Rangin et al. 1990). The
geology and petrology of the Quaternary Sunda arc volcanoes have been the subject of many investigations
(Hutchison 1982, Wheller et al. 1987) but much less is known about Tertiary magmatism. Exposures of the oldest
known volcanic rocks in Java occur as fragments of calc-alkaline lavas of the Late Cretaceous-Eocene age in the
melange-type rock formations, e.g. Karangsambung (Suparka et al. 1990, Suparka and Soeria-Atmadja 1991).
Exposures of the younger calc-alkaline volcanic rocks, considered as Oligo-Miocene age (van Bemmelen 1949),
are more widely distributed. They are exposed mostly along the southern coast of Java, and are referred to as the
"Old Andesites". The more recent and active volcanoes of Java often overlie volcanic- and/or intrusive- rock units.
Volcanic rock units are intercalated with Neogene sediments, and intrusive rocks cut these sediments. However,
available radiometric or fission track ages on these Tertiary magmatic rocks are relatively scarce (Hehuwat 1976,
Nishimura et al. 1978). It seems that the location of the axes of the successive magmatic arcs in Java has shifted
not more than 60 km northwards to the present position of the Quaternary Sunda arc since Eocene/Oligocene time.

Figure 4. A. Paleotectonic setting of Early Cretaceous in southern and southeastern Sundaland margin (Satyana,
2014). B. Paleotectonic reconstruction of eaast Sundalanda in Late Cretacous (Parkinson, 1996)
Figure 5. Stratigraphic correlation of Meratus, Ciletuh, Luk ulo, Bayat and Bantimala Complexes, and Flores Sea
Island, (Satyana, 2014).
Figure 6. Tertiary Magmatic arcs in Java and the distribution of volcanic rocks (Soeria-Atmadja et. al. 1994).

Results of preliminary investigations (Bellon et al. 1989, Soeria-Atmadja et al. 1990) have shown that
Tertiary magmatic activity in Java took place in two distinct periods: Late Eocene -Early Miocene and Late
Miocene-Late Pliocene. The products of the earlier event have built up the "Old Andesites", whereas those of the
latter may be related to the early stages of magmatic activity of the modern Sunda arc (Bellon et al. 1989).
B.1.3. Stratigraphy of Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu region

The geology of the Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark is very complex and unique. The geological informatio n
in the whole area of Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark can represent in general about the formation history of the
island of Java, especially West Java. Geological resources that exist in the region include ophiolite, metamorphic
rocks and melange and olisostrom complex that rarely found elsewhere (Figure 7).
According to Sukamto (1975) the oldest rock formation is ophiolite basement that composed of mantle rock
composition. In the Ciletuh region, there are complex bedrock called melange or bancuh. Melange complex is
formed in the deep trench during the subduction process between the Indian oceanic plate with the Eurasian
continental plate at the Cretaceous period about more than 60 million years ago. The rocks are well exposed in the
Ciletuh area and can be divided into three areas of exposure: (1) Gunung Badak and the surrounding area in the
north, (2) Tegal Pamidangan, Gunung Beas, Citisuk River, Tegal Cicalung and Tegal Butak in the middle of
Ciletuh, and (3) Cibuaya in the south. The Cretaceous rocks in these area can be divided into three groups, namely
ophiolite, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. The Ophiolite consists of peridotite, gabbro and basalt pillow lava.
The pillow lava is part of the Citirem Formation (Sukamto, 1975). The sedimentary rock composed of graywacke,
limestone, red shale, and chert. The metamorphic rocks composed of serpentinite, phyllite, green schist and mica
schist and serpentinite. These rock formations are grouped into Pasir Luhur (Sukamto, 1975). Those rocks
tetonically mixed together in scallyclay matrix and deposited within the subduction trench, and later is called as
melange complex of Pra-Middle Eocene age (Suhaeli et al, 1977).
These melange complex is covered by sedimentary rocks characterized by limestone, conglomeratic-quart z
sandstone and polimic breccia that are deposited from transition to mainland or fluvial environment at the age of
Paleocene - Eocene or about 55-38 million years ago. These rocks formation are known as part of the Ciletuh
Formation. The bottom of Ciletuh Formation is bounded by fault with the melange complex underneath. This rock
formation is in deep marine environment at begining and th en change gradually into a shallow marine environment
at the top. The Ciletuh Formation is well exposed in the Ciletuh bay, Palabuhanratu, this is interpreted as spreaded
constantly under rocks of Neogene age.
The Bayah Formation is Late Eocene sedimentary rocks that intercallated between conglomerates,
sandstones, conglomeratic quartz-sandstones. In some places the insertion encountered mudstone and limestone
lenses. This terrestrial deposition is well distributed in shallow marine environment, which is characterized by
carbonaceous sediments and coal. The widest outcrops in Bayah area, extending nearly 25 km from the district
town of Cihara to Bayah River, along the south coast of Banten.
The Ciletuh Formation and the Bayah Formation are distinguished by characteristics of the depositional
environment. The Ciletuh Formation is deposited on the deep ocean environment until the transition, while the
Bayah Formation is shallow environment. This environmental differences caused by the altitude due Cimand iri
Fault that separates the two (Schiller, 1991).
The process of sedimentation in the basin continues that subs equently form Ciletuh Formation upper
material is dominated by coarse material. Along with the sedimentation process, the appointment of tectonic
activity also takes place that causes the silting basin experienced. Furthermore, at the beginning of the Eoce ne, the
entire basin turned into the mainland. This land can then be considered as the first mainland in West Java.
At the end of the Eocene, subduction path positions of Java for the first time shifted to the south. In the
Early Miocene, it began to appear a row of volcanoes in the south. Rows of volcanoes in the southern part is
expected to be submarine volcanoes. This series of volcanoes is the origin of the "old andesite" or Jampang
Formation in West Java. Activities may start from the end of the Oligocene. With the emergence of a the volcano
series, resulting in a change of magmatic arc direction, that cutting along the old southwest-northeast trending fault
system. This new fault system in the area Jampang has northwest-southeast direction. The Jampang Formation is
distinguished between the upper Jampang and lower Jampang Series (Bemmelen, 1949 and Mark, 1957). This
rock formation consists of sedimentary and volcanic rocks that desposited in the marine environment during the
Oligo-Miocene age. The Jampang Formation is generally characterized by massive andesite breccia flow, rich in
pyroxene and well cemented. In the Ciletuh area, the Lower Jampang Formation is characterized by a thin layer
of acid tuff which contains fragments of clay and limestone (maximu m 20 cm). The southern area is dominated by
Jampang Formation composed of pebbly or gravelly sandstones, with interludes breccia up to maximu m size of 3-
5m thick. These units are well-bedded and dominated by sandstone. It was named as Cikarang Member by
Soekamto (1975). Another outcrop located in the north of Ciletuh area to Cimandiri River is consisted mostly of
breccia, which stratigraphically lay below the laminated sandstone.

The landscape of Jampang Formation occupy a highland morphology to form a plateau and the western
edge of this plateau has a horseshoe-shaped morphology called the amphitheater with a height difference of around
300 m to the Bayah and Ciletuh Formations. This unit forms a plateau namely Jampang Plateau.
The tectonic activity in Java Island caused by subduction is continuously occured that change the direction
of magmatic zone. Tectonic activity on the island of Java in the form of ongoing subduction causing magmatic
lane changes and shifts over time. Magmatic pathways are relatively old in the southern part of West Java, as
evidenced by the volcanic deposits of Jampang Formation. However, there was a shift to the north which can be
seen from the younger volcanic deposits and the position of currently active volcanoes in the northern that covered
the Oligocene-Miocene volcanic sediment. In the Cisolok area, mostly composed by deposition of volcanic lava
to get a structure in the form of old Pleistocene andesite-basalt and volcanic breccias. The precipitate is thought to
originate from the volcanic activity in the Midst Mountain Pleistocene epoch.
Volcanism has continued until today, which can be seen from the presence of manifestations of geysers,
hot springs and travertine deposition. This proves the shift lanes magmatism in West Java. In addition to volcanic
deposits, the remaining activities of the past magmatism also proved rock-igneous intrusive rocks is a breakthrough
or dacitic, or andesitic-basaltic andesite which are found in the geopark in the hills morphology and solitary cone.
Deposition of the youngest rocks formation in the geopark consists of alluvium and beach sediment. Alluvium is
generated from the current stream sediment, while deposition local beaches such as the coastal plain, sandbars and
reefs limestones. The distribution of lithology and stratigraphic correlation is shown in figure 7.
Figure 7. Rock formations and stratigraphic correlation of the Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu geopark region
B.2. List and description of geological sites

The Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark possesses a total of 24 geosites (Figure 8, Table 3, 4 and 5). The geosite
is designated as area that can be clearly defined geographically, and can be explained from the viewpoint of
geology, geomorphology or geography. Our geopark is classified into three groups of area under these theme:
1. Cisolok Geoarea (northern part) : Ancient magmatic zone shifting and fore arc evolution

2. Jampang Geoarea (centre part) : Jampang Plateu landscape
3. Ciletuh Geoarea (southern part) : Subduction zone upflited rocks
The theme that conveys in each geoarea, derived from more than one point of specific geological interest
in the site. Among these, the sites consist of geological and geomorphological value s are listed below in this
section. The signifincant of each site is described from viewpoint of geology and the range of influence to local,
regional or international and its application for scientific, education or tourism are listed below in table 3 to 5.
Figure 8. Distribution map of geosites in the Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark
B.2.1. Cisolok Geoarea

This geoarea reflects the shifted of magmatic (volcanic activity) belt from south to north in Java Island and
fore arc evolution. This is characterized by the occurences of volcanic rocks formation of Lower Miocene and
covered by limestone deposit of Upper Miocene. Cisolok Geoarea has evidence of present volcanism such as
geysers, hot springs and travertine deposit and active volcano (Mt.Salak). The landscape in Cisolok Geoarea
includes beaches to high mountains. The volcanic rocks formation is clearly seen along the beach in Karanghawu,
Citepus and Cimaja and several intrution body near Cisolok river.
At least there are 4 main geosites in Cisolok Geoare (Table 3). This includes geyser, beaches of
volcaniclastic sediment deposit, and bat cave of limestone and volcanic lava. Tourist Information Center (TIC) of
Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark is also located in Palabuhanratu,which is part of the Cisolok geoarea. Several
cultural and biological sites, Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park (TNGHS) are available in this area (Figure 9).
The tourism fasilities in this geoarea include several hotels, starting from homestay to 4 stars hotel. Several
restorans and cafes can serve local and international foods and beverages. The Palabuhanratu city, the capital city
of Sukabumi Regency, government offices, hospital, schools and most public facilities such harbour, bus terminal,

center of geological education and training (Pusdiklat Geologi, belong to ministry of energy and mineral resources)
are included within this geoarea. Palabuhanratu is welknown as tourist resort area.
Figure 9. Major sites map of Cisolok geoarea, Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu geopark
Table 3. List of geosites in Cisolok Geoareas of Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark
Geosite Note/Description Significance Aplication

Cisolok Geoarea (Magmatic zone shifting, fore arc evolution)
A. Cisolok Geyser The Cisolok geyser is proofing the shifting International  Scientific
magmatic arc in Java Island. It can not be separated  Educational
from the plate movement and dinamic subduction  Tourism
process of southern Indonesia region. In the same
area it can also observe the alteration rocks related
to hydrothermal mineralization of gold bearing
quartz vein, surface deposition of hydrothermal
fluids as travertine deposit. The occurance of the
geyser is an important geosites in education for
geoscientis in understanding geothermal system,
considering that Indonesia is known as the largest
geothermal energy potential in the world which is
being developed as an alternative of environmental
friendly energy resource. This geyser is also used
as tourist area for hot water bathing.
B. Karang Hawu This rocky beach is composed of Eocene Local  Scientific
Beach sedimentary rock of Bayah Formation that consist  Educational
of intercalated conglomerate with conglomeratic  Tourism
sandstones, polimic breccia and quartz sandstones.
This rock formation overlay the Ciletuh
Formation. However, this formation is sometimes
described as an upper part of Ciletuh Formation
which is deposited in fluvial environment. The
uniqueness of this beach is the rock formation that

have a hole which looks like "Hawu", a Sundanese
traditional kitchen equipment. This beach is most
popular site for tourist activity.
C. Citepus Beach This rocky beach composed of Eocene Local Tourism
sedimentary rock of Bayah Formation that consist
of intercalated conglomerate with conglomerate
sandstones, polimic breccia and quartz sandstones.
This rock formation is overlay the Ciletuh
Formation. However, this formation is sometimes
described as an upper part of Ciletuh Formation
which is deposited in fluvial environment. This
site is also covered by recent beach deposits.This
beach is most popular site with white sand beach
for family visit.
D. Lalay Cave This site is a cave built by dissolution of recent Local  Scientific
limestones over the volcanic rocks of andesite and  Educational
tuff. This cave is a nest of flock of bats that live  Tourism
inside. The guano which contain of good
phosphate also produced from this cave. This cave
is also used for education site especially for bat
ecosystem and phosphate deposit.
B.2.2. Jampang Geoarea

Jampang Geoarea is representing the landscape of the plateau above the plains of the high mountains that
called “Jampang Plateu” as the top of giant amphitheater, the mountains plateu included in the Southern Mountains
geomorphological zones that stretches from west to east, the so uthern part of West Java. The landscape is derived
from tectonic processes for tens of millions of years took away the rock to the mainland. This area is composed
by volcanic rocks of the sea floor Oligocene-Miocene. This sediment is known as “Old Andesite Formation” or
“Jampang Formation” of Oligocene-Miocene age (Sukamto, 1975 and Martodjojo, 1984). This southwestern edge
of the Plateu experience of gravity collapse structure that formed a large horseshoe -shaped landscape that called “
Amphitheater” that extend up to 15 x 9 Km2 , and believed to be the largest amphiteater morphology in Indonesia.
The most interesting geosite is consist of three main geosites that including Loji beach, Jampang Plateu landscape,
waterfall and the view to Ciletuh bay and Palabuhanratu bay. B esides the geological site, this geoarea also has
several cultural sites, such as Budhist temple of “Dewi Kuan Im” , Observatory for moon, historical bridge built
during Dutch colony. The area also has several biodiversity sites such as tea plantation and tea factory built since
Dutch time and dragon fruits plantation (Figure 10 and Table 4).
Table 4. List of geosites in Jampang geoarea, Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu geopark

Jampang Geoarea (Jampang Plateau Landscape)
E. Loji This beach is situated at western edge of Jampang Local  Tourism
beach Plateau with panoramic view of the beach and sea.
Along the beach is good area for study the
sedimentary rock of Jampang Formation. This
beach is famous for national or foreign tourism for
spititual tourism as in this area is located the
budhist temple of Dewi Kuan Im, as well as
famous area for fishing by local community.
F. Jampang Jampang Plateau morphology is resulted by International  Scientific
Plateau uplifting process related to subdution. This area is  Education
composed of Oligocene volcanic and  Tourism
volcanoclastic deposits of Jampang Formation ,
such as sandstones, volcanic breccia, lava,
tuffaceous sandstones and tuff with planar bedding.
Some place show triangular facet and waterfalls as
structural evidence. The view of Ciletuh bay and

Palabuhanratu bay also clearly seen from Puncak
Darma.
G. Gentong The series of waterfalls occur within the Cikarang Local  Scientific
Waterfall river, the occurrence these waterfall is an evidence  Education
of geological structure, composed by sandstones  Tourism
intercalated with breccia of Jampang Formation .
This site is also good site for study for evidence of
structural geology.
Figure 10. Distribution of geosites in Jampang Geoarea, Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark
B.2.3. Ciletuh Geoarea

The Ciletuh geoarea is characterized by landscape of horseshoe-shaped (amphitheater) which is open
toward the Ciletuh bay (Martodjojo, 1984). The amphitheater shaped has a diameter of more than 15x9 km2 , and
believed to be the largest natural amphitheater in Indonesia. The amphiteater is formed by the phenomenon of
geological structures of normal faults that followed by gravity collapse. In the southwest of the amphitheater and
along the south coastal region, there are best location to observe the distribution of oldest rocks formation in West
Java in the form of ophiolite rocks complex (peridotite, gabbro, anortho site, amphibolite and pillow lava), melange
(mixed rocks from oceanic crust and continental crust, deposited in deep trench) and deep sedimentary formatio n
which is weathered due to erosion and abberasion. The ophiolite and melange are resulted from the ac tivity of
subduction between oceanic and continental crusts during the Cretaceous period, more than 65 million years ago.
Along the wall of the amphitheater there are a number of waterfalls namely Curug Awang, Cimarijung , and
Sodong. The geosites are classified into: old rock formations; waterfalls, fosil, landscape, sea caves, beach, exotic
small islands and aesthetic rocks (animal shaped-rocks). The geosites in Jampang geoarea, Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu
geopark are listed in table 5 and figure 11.

Table 5. List of geosites in Ciletuh Geoarea of Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark

Ciletuh Geoarea (Subduction zone uplifted rocks)
H. Karang Daeu Karang Daeu Island is located at Cikalapa beach, International  Scientific
Girimukt i village. The island has unique shape like  Education
a crouching rabbit or lying poodle. This area is  Tourism
mainly composed of thick bedded (0.6-4.0m),
medium to very coarse grained sandstone
equivalent to Facies B and lesser A, with
interstratified units of very fine to medium grained
Facies C and D sandstones. Unlike similar facies
seen in the Ciletuh headland sequence, the volcanic
C and D Facies beds are capped with well-
developed, clay-rich tuffaceous mudstone or marl
(Bouma-Te division).(Schiller,1991).
I. Palangpang This beach is covered by beach deposit, where Local  Scientific
Beach there are two small islands nearby. Mandra island  Education
is composed of Eocene clastic sediment of deep  Tourism
water of Ciletuh Formation. Manuk island is
composed of monomic breccia which is believed to
be block of fragment within the melange complex
of Gunung Badak geosite. The south of this beach
is estuary of Ciletuh River and fisherman village as
well as fish market. This site is best view for
amphitheater from the valley.
J. Gunung Badak This geosite comprise several geofeatures and International  Scientific
geoevidence that range of varios rock formations,  Education
exotic island, fossil, sea cave beachec, snorkeling  Tourism
and diving sites. The rocks consist of “mélange”
complex (polimic breccias) composed of acid to
ultramafic, sediment to metamorphic. In this site
also occur the upper mantle rock (peridotite),
oceanic crust rock (gabbro and pillow lava),
nummulites fossil, deep marine sediment of the
Ciletuh Formation, Kunti island and sea cave.
Those rocks revealed on the surface as an oldest
rocks formation in West Java and as the evidence
of the subducting of the ocean plates under
continent plates in Cretaceous Period (50-65
million years). This area is also believed to be the
first emerging land of Java island. This geosite is
located within the Cibanteng wild reserve.
K. Legon Pandan This rock complex consists of many aesthethic International  Scientific
(unique) shaped rock resembles ancient animal,  Education
such as head of komodo, crocodile stone, rhino  Tourism
stone, frog stone, buffalo and fence. These unique
rock compositions are part of the Eocene quartz
sandstone of Ciletuh Formation, and due to
weathering, erosional or abbration process formed
those animal-shaped rocks. This area is best for
education of geological process.
L. Batu Naga Rocky complex resemble dragon squad stone, International  Scientific
some rocks represent the batik pattern are  Education
composed of quartz sandstone and conglomerate  Tourism
part of the lower Ciletuh Formation (Van
Bemmelen, 1949). The rocks have almost vertical
dipping, consist of well bedded, fine to coarse,

white quartz sandstones intercalated with quartz
conglomerates and sometimes small layers of coal.
Some geological structure features such slum
structure, lithologic offset as well as sedimentary
structure can be found here. This sites is best area
to study the Ciletuh Formation as well as the
geological structures and environment deposition
of sediment. This geosite is located within the
Cikepuh nature reserve.
M. Gunung Beas Ophiolite complex consist of Peridotite, International  Scientific
serpentinite (low metamorphism after peridotite),  Education
Plagiogranit and Gabbro. These rock assamblages
are representing a constituent of oceanic crust or
upper mantle rock formation. The geomorphology
of the area is very unique, that hilly area is only
covered by thin layer of grass, due to the very thin
soil cover, which composed of ultrabasic (mainly
iron), therefore only certain vegetation can grow
above it. In the past, this hill is also known as
playground for a bunch of bull (Banteng). This
geosite is located within the Cikepuh nature
reserve.
N. Sodongparat This rocky complex forms a small peninsula or International  Scientific
cape. Those rocks are good outcrops of peridotite,  Education
gabbro, amphibolite and plagiogranit (anorthosite).  Tourism
These rock assamblages are representing a
constituent of oceanic crust (upper mantle) that
uplifted due to subduction. At the tip end of the
cape occur a sea cave that formed due to erosion
and abbrasion by sea water. This geosite is located
within the Cikepuh nature reserve.
O. Pasir Luhur This geosite is best outcrop for methamorpic International  Scientific
complex that consist of greenschist, micaschist,  Education
phylite and amphibolite. This rock assamblages are  Tourism
formed by subduction process that indicating the
medium grade of metamorphism stage. This site is
very valuable area, as the only metamorphic region
crops out in West Java. This geosite is located
within the Cikepuh nature reserve.
P. Citirem Beach This site is an outcrop of pillow lava of Citirem International  Scientific
Formation that has the same age with the ophiolite  Education
complex. This lava basaltic was cooled at marin e  Tourism
environment that can be seen from its pillo w
structure. The Citirem beach is white beach sand,
that used to be a place of green trutle to lay their
eggs. This geosite is located within the Cikepuh
nature reserve.
Q. Pangumbahan It is very fine white sandy beach, used to be an area Local  Scientific
Beach of green turtle to lay their eggs when they ride to  Education
the shoreline. These area is wellknown for turtle  Tourism
conservation
R. Ujunggenteng This small peninsula is surrounded by white sandy Local  Scientific
Peninsula beach along the costal area and recent coral reef on  Education
(Cape) the shoreline. The village along the shoreline is  Tourism
traditional fisherman village. Within this area it
also can be found the ruin of Habour which was
used during the Dutch era.

S. Muara This area is an estuary of Cikarang River as the Local  Scientific
Cikarang second largest river. The small, exotic island is  Education
located in the centre as solitare island which  Tourism
composed of stratification of sandstone of
Cikarang member of Jampang Formation, the same
lithology which covered the Jampang Plateu.
T. Karang Bolong This beach is located at the southern part of the Local  Scientific
Beach geopark, covered by sandstones of Upper Miocene  Education
Bentang Formation. In this beach, such sea cave as  Tourism
big hole in the adjacent rock to the sea, due to the
abbrasion by sea waves. The beautiful landscape
of shorelines of Indian ocean can be seen from this
area. This area is also place for farmer who collect
the “nets” of swallow birds (burung walet) which
is used for medicine.
U. Gunung This wide cave is unusual, which has several National  Scientific
Sungging Cave hallways with different elevation, that composed of  Education
carbonaseous tuff with pseudo-stratification as part  Tourism
of Upper Miocene age of Bentang Formation .
according to local folklore, this cave was used as
place for meditation of ancestor king.
V. Luhur This waterfall has height up to 100 m, which is an Local  Scientific
Cigangsa evidence of geological structure features . The  Education
waterfall lithology is composed by well stratification of  Tourism
sandstones of the Jampang Formation. A side of
this waterfall is also found sculpture (Arca) that
believe to be built during pre-historic time. During
dry season, the water flow is very limited, so this
waterfall also available as wall for rockclimbing.
W. Waluran Stone The garden consist of basaltic pillow lava as part of Local  Scientific
Garden the Jampang Formation, is located at the floor of  Education
small branch of Cikarang River. In the same  Tourism
complex it also can be observed the Maung cave
and huge block of stratified brecciated sandstoneof
Jampang Formation, as well as waterfall.
X. Ciletuh The horseshoe-shaped morphological landscape is International  Scientific
Amphitheatre resemble a huge amphitheater that open to the  Education
Ciletuh bay. This landscape with dimention of  Tourism
about 15 x 9 km2 is formed due to gravity collapse
process during the early Miocene which caused the
western part of the Jampang Plateu collapse to the
ocean. The highlands of amphitheater covered by
the Jampang Formation of Cikarang Member).
The evidences of those structural process are the
occurence of more then 9 waterfalls along the walls
of the amphitheater such as Awang, Cimariju n g ,
Sodong, Puncakmanik falls and triangular-shaped
hills (triangular facet morphology) in some cliff of
amphitheater.
Beside rich in geodiversity sites, this geoarea also has several conservation area for biodiversity, such as
Cikepuh nature reserve, Cibanteng wild reserve, Cipeucang conservation forest, and Pangumbahan green turtle
conservation. Several biosites and cultural sites also occur within the region, such as: tea plantation and tea factory;
shrimp farms; dragon fruit farm, clove plantation, rubber and palm oil plantation; batik village; and historical
monument (ruins) of colonialism era.

Figure 11. Geosite distribution of the Ciletuh Geoarea, Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark
B.3 Detail scientifict value of geosites

The Ciletuh area has an ophiolite rocks outcrop and mélange subduction complex which is very rare in
Indonesia especially this rock complex is the evidence of the subduction between Eurasian plate and Indian ocean
plates during the Cretaceous. This makes the Ciletuh region as the object of interest for both nationally and
internationally scientist especially in the field of petrology, geotectonics and geomorphology.
B.3.1. International scientific meaning

B.3.1.1. Subduction zone uplifted rocks
The Ciletuh complex known as the oldest rocks in West Java as evidence of tectonic process that the Indian
Ocean is subducted beneath the Eurasian Continent plates during the Cretaceous. This area is very important
internationally, because it give some evidences of the direction of plate movement during Cretaceous period.
Ciletuh is evidence of Sundaland accretion due to the presence of melange complex that represents the subdu ction
zone. It is mentioned in Satyana (2014), based on the presences of melange terrains of Late Cretaceous and earliest
Tertiary age in southwestern Java (Ciletuh), Central Java (Luk Ulo/Karangsambung, Bayat), and southeastern
Kalimantan (Meratus) which are considered to represent one subduction zone (Hamilton 1970; Katili, 1971, 1973),
Hamilton (1979) determined the boundary line in SE Sundaland from SW Java in Bayah area northeastwards
across West Java and the Java Sea to SE Kalimantan in the Meratus M ountains. This line represents approximat e
SE limit of Cretaceous continental crust and approximate NW limit of Cretaceous melange. In this explanation,
this line is taken, but modified shifted more to the north in the Bayah area crossing the onshore north ern West
Java, as the border line separating the “Original” SE Sundaland and the “Accreted” SE Sundaland.
Group of metamorphic rocks in a complex melange of Ciletuh first mentioned by Thayyib et al (1977) in
his paper, concerning the status of the complex mélange. Greenish serpentinite can be recognized in Tegal
Pamindangan, Gunung Beas, Citisuk River, Tegal Sabuk, and Cikepuh River in the central part of the region
Ciletuh. These rocks are usually found near the fault contact. Reliks peridotite to serpentinite are still visible in
Tegal Sabuk. It was therefore considered that this serpentinite derived from peridotite due to the hydration process
in the oceanic crust. Blueschist/ glaucophane schist can be found in the middle area (Pasir Luhur). They are seen
to be well foliated with greenish-gray in color. Under the microscope it can be seen that almost dominated by the
mica minerals, plagioclase and also glaucophane. The outcrop in some places near Koneng Hideung area is a hard
plagiogranite sill. The same outcrops visible in Citisuk River. It is characterized by coarse plagiclase with quartz
cut the peridotite as sill or dike. Dark gray phyllites well foliated are noticed at Badak mountain.

The ophiolite complex that represented the oceanic crust to upper matle rocks composition are occur in
Sodongparat, Cikepuh, Gunung Beas and Gunung Badak. The ophiolite sequence is starting from fine texture of
peridotite, clearly observed in Cikepuh, Gunung Beas and Gunung Badak. Followed by coarse to fine grained
layered gabbro cut by epidote vein that can be seen in Cikepuh; and dike gabbro in Gunung Badak. The coarse
grained plagiogranite dike cut the peridotite, this can be observed at Cikepuh River. The sphilitic basalt show
pillow structure is observed in the lower part or Gunung Badak and small outcrop near the Batu Kuya or Batu
Belah and Citirem River. This sequence is almost complete reprenseted ophiolite, altought the contact among the
litology is not clearly defined (Figure 12).
A B C
D E F
Figure 12. Evidence of ophiolite and metamorphic rocks : (A). Peridotite, (B). Gabbro, (C). Plagiogranite sill in
peridotite, (D) Greenshisct (E). Pillow lava, (F). Serpentinite
B.3.1.2. Deep marine sediment and animal-shaped rocks

The Ciletuh is also named for the oldest sedimentary rocks composed of deep marine sediment called
Ciletuh Formation of Eocene age. According to Martodjojo, 1981, the lower part of Ciletuh Formation is composed
polimic breccia with metamorphic, peridotite, basalt fragments; while the upper part is composed of conglomeratic
to fine grained quartz sandstone, with thin layer of lignite-coal and claystone. This formation part of the melange
that sedimented at deep trench resulted by subduction. Ciletuh is also a suitable area to study submarine fan
sedimentation process. This area contains one of the most extensive and best preserved Early Tertiary sequences
(Ciletuh Formation) in Indonesia.
The outcrops consist of laterally continuous, fine to very coarse grained sandstones and sandy
conglomerates. A number of classic sediment gravity flow features are present including turbidites with partial
Bouma sequences, debris flow deposits and fluidized slump deposits. The sediments are believed to have possibly
been deposited in a series of parallel slope grabens oriented perpendicular to slope (Schiller, et. al., 1991). The
best outcrops of this formation can be clearly observed at Batu Naga complex of Legon Pandan area. Where
stratification shows almost vertical dipping, in some area can be observed very thick sand dike, and slump
structure, as of well as micro structure of lithology offset, and the crosscut microstructre which filled by quartz
and calcite that create the network texture. The iron content of the sediment giving the weathered rocks shown
very beautiful color that resemble the batik patern. Therefore, local people called this rocks complex as “batu
batik”. But due to the vertical dipping, that giving this rocks resemble the “dragon squad” (Figure 13).
The Ciletuh Formation that mainly composed of coarse to conglomeratic quartz sandstone is more resistent
to the weathering process. However, the erosion and abberasion process by sea wave resulted several outcrops of
resemble the animal shaped rocks, such as “ frog, buffalo, rhino, komodo, turtle, crocodile and others. This
geofeatures become populer among the tourist visitor, the rocks can be observed along the coastal of Legon Pandan
(see figure at annex-1_additional information of self assesment).
B.3.1.3. Jampang Plateu and spectacular amphiteater

Plateau Jampang is an evidence of the uplifted submarine sedimentary and volcanic rocks that are now
covering the highland. This process is related to continental accretion caused by subduction process. This
landscape consist of “Old Andsite Formation” which is produced by Oligocene-Miocene submarine volcano which
is also known as Jampang Formation. The southwestern edge of Jampang Plateau has horseshoe -shaped
morphology that extend along 15 km, known as a giant amphitheatre, b elieve to be the largest amphiteater
landscape in Indonesia. This spectacular landform is caused by gravity collapse as shoen in figure 14 (Nugraha,
et. al., 2016). The phenomenon is very rare and valuable as an evidence of movements that has occured on t he
earth crust. This gravity collapse structure also resulting triangular facet morphology and several waterfall along

the amphiteater wall, and the flate stratification layer of the sediment is clearly observed within the waterfall, such
as at Awang, Cimarinjung, Sodong, Puncakjeruk, Puncakmanik, Cikanteh, Tengah, and Dogdog waterfalls (see
figure at annex-1_additional information of self assesment).
Figure 13. Model of EW Normal Fauts and Deposition of Ciletuh Formation (Schiller, et al., 1991).
Figure 14. Model of Gravity Collapse mechanism in formation of Ciletuh Amphiteatre (Nugraha, et al., 2016)
B.3.1.4. Ancient magmatic zone shifting, fore arc evolution.

This Cisolok geoarea reflect the ancient magmatic zone and fore arc evolution. The old volcanic product
is found in Ciletuh and Jampang geoarea. Cisolok geoarea have evidence of present volcanism such as geys ers,
hot springs and travertine deposit as well as pyroclastic tuff (ignimbrite). Cisolok is one of the geothermal
prospects at Sukabumi, West Java. Geothermal surface manifestations at Cisolok occurs along 300 m of the
Cisolok River consisting of spouting springs, surface alteration, and deposits, such as prophylitic zone, argillic
zone, silica sinter and dominated by travertine deposits (Mandradewi and Herdianita, 2010). The occurance of the
geyser is an important information in understanding Geothermal of Indonesia, considering that Indonesia is known
as the largest geothermal energy potential in the world which is being developed as an alternative of environmental
friendly energy resource. Cisolok Geyser is prooving the shifting magmatic arc in Java Island. It can not be
separated from the plate movement and dinamic subduction process.
B.3.2. Nasional scientific meaning

B.3.2.1. Research conducted
The Ciletuh area, nationally known as the first mainland in western Java compiled by rocks derived fro m
the mantle of the earth, in the form of ophiolite complex; metamorphic rocks that formed during the subduction
between continental and oceanic plates. The metamorphic continent include serpentinite, mica schist, greenschist,
amphibolite and gloucophane. The central valley Ciletuh oldest exposed rocks of Pre-Tertiary aged ophiolite and

melange form of rock that formed after plate collision in the Cretaceous period. Nationally, by considering the
geodiversity, biodiversity, and cultural diversity in Ciletuh -Palabuhanratu Geopark, this area is called as a field
campus for geology students, and become a good location for conducting research and thesis. The research thesis
and thesis undergraduate students, also conducted for culture, biology and tourism aspects. Research conducted
by other government agencies such as the Geological Agency also h as a lot to do, such as the publication of
geological maps, disaster assessment and more. For geology researchers, this area is called “Natural Geological
Laboratory of West Java”. In cultural heritage, the research is mostly related to history of the megalithic sites and
tradition at cultural village of Kasepuhan Ciptagelar, Sinarresmi and Ciptamulya.
B.3.2.2. Paleohigh in West Java

In his dissertation, Haryanto (2015)
mentioned that there was a suspected
paleohigh that is formed by uplifting ,
affected by tectonic compression with
northeast-southwest direction. It was
forming the folding structure in Ciletu h
Formation which has northwest-southeast
direction. Therefore, it can be concluded that
the formation of paleohigh and changing of
depotitional environment from the sea into
land (fore arc evolution) is caused by
tectonic compression that began from Early
Oligocen (Figure 15).
Figure 15. Paleohigh of Ciletuh Area in

Oligocene (Haryanto, 2014)
B.3.3. Regional and Local Scientific Meaning

B.3.3.1. Marine Geology Research of Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu
Center of Marine Geology Research and Development has conducted a research in Ciletuh Bay and Palabuhanratu
Bay. Based on the bathymetry map, seafloor topography at southern of researc h area is very steep, whereas the
northern is sloping. It shows that the sedimentary
depotition is coming from south to north and
continues to west. This is supported by the pattern
of water current in this area (Figure 16). Rock
stability of the hills around Cimandiri River is
related to erosion, weathering, and transportation
of material at the coastline and offshore. The
precense of mineral accumulation in this area is
accumulated around Cimandiri River estuary,
from the coast to the offshore (Setiadi, 2010).
Figure 16. Geological map, bathymetry, and

pattern of wave current in Ciletuh-
Palabuhanratu bay

B.4. Listing and description of non geological sites
The geological and geomorphological of the Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu geopark area have formed over long
periode of time, the topography also influence the local climate, weather and the living environment such as the
success of fishery and agriculture. The topographic condition provides local people with the land for several
purposes such as residential, agriculture, fish farm, plantation and restricted usage of land such as for turtle
conservation, nature reserve and national park.
The non geological sites of Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark is classified as cutural heritage village,
megalith, historical building, ruins of colonial building such as bunker and harbor. In addition, the biological sites
is mostly an area of nature reserve, national park, wildlife, conservation area, as well as the fruits farm and shrimp
farm.
B.4.1. Cultural sites

Cultural diversity as one of the geopark pillars is very important to improve the welfare of communities
around geopark, because the culture is aligned with human values and strengthen community life healthy and an
indicator of social welfare. Therefore, the diversity of culture should be maintained and developed. The existence
of Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark and its social culture can not be separated from the surrounding area of Jampang
and Palabuhanratu region. This area has been known in history, rich in cultural diversity and has a close
relationship with one another in accordance with the development of natural and cultural history. Generally in the
Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark the cultural sites can be distinguished into:
1. Cultural villages 4. Tomb and Temple

2. Historical monument 5. Intangible heritage
3. Megalith site 6. Batik village
B.4.1.1. Cultural villages

The existence of natural and socio-cultural Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark can not be separated from the
surrounding region, namely Jampang. Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu neighborhood, in the past was part of the territory
under the influence of the presence of the customs union Kasepuhan of south Banten. There area three villages
that still keep their Kasepuhan tradition. Those villages are well known as cultural village of Ciptagelar, Sinarres mi
and Ciptamulya, which is located in Cisolok district or Cisolok Geoarea.
Until present time, the cultural village or communities are still implementing the Kasepuhan tradition of
the ancestors, particularly in the field of agriculture or the way of farming the paddy (called tatanen). Annually
held ceremony of rice harvest called Seren Taun. Seren Taun term derives from the Sundanese. Seren means the
transfer or surrender and ‘taun’ means the year. So Seren Taun means stored the crops of this year harvest to be
used in the future; in the context of traditional life of farming communities, Seren Taun is a thanksgiving ceremony
to the God Almighty for all crops harvest of this year, hoping that their agricultural products will increase in the
coming year. During this ceremony, the crops of the year of harvest are stored into the special granary or in
Sundanese language is called Leuit, and the special leuit called Leuit Jimat. Here, there are more than 68 varieties
of rice are planted whitin these three cultural villages, so it is an advantage of biodiversity in the Ciletuh -
Palabuhanratu Geopark (Figure 17).
Figure 17. Cultural village at Sinarresmi, ceremony of Seren Taun, varieties of paddy (rice) and traditional
granary (Leuit) for paddy storage at Ciptagelar village.
B.4.1.2. Historical monument
There area several historical monuments occur within the geopark area. Those monuments are mainly
related to the colonial era of Dutch or Japanese. These include several bunkers in Waluran village or in
Ujunggenteng peninsula; ruins of harbour in Ujunggenteng; Bagbagan bridge (yellow bridge) in Palabuhanratu;

Tea plantation in Bojongasih Ciemas; copras plantation in Cijaringao; and Samudra Beach hotel in Palabuhanratu
which was made during the first president of Republic of Indonesia, Soekarno (Figure 18).
Figure 18. Bunker in Waluran, Yellow bridge in Palabuhanratu, Tea factory in Bojon gasih
B.4.1.3. Megalith
In Cisolok Geoarea, there is several megalith sites exist
that mostly located at Cikakak village of Cisolok district. Those
sites include complete and wide area of monument, statue or
equipment made of andesitic lava stone located at Cengkuk,
used to be called as Tugu Cengkuk. In addition, there is also
Megalith site in the form of staircase punden (used to be as place
for worship to the god) occur at Pangguyangan, Cikakak village,
this area called Punden Berundak (Figure 19).
Figure 19. Megalith sites of Tugu Cengkuk in Cisolok Geoarea
B.4.1.4. Tomb and temple

The tomb is graveyard of the native inhabitants of the Ciletuh people, this site is located in Mekarsakti
village. While the Dewi Kuan Im Buddhist temple for worship is located at Simpenan village. It is situated in the
hillside and has direct view to the ocean. The uniqueness of this temple is the staircase from the parking to the top
of the temple its more then 200 step and the stair handle represent the dragon (Figure 20).
Figure 20. Dewi Kuan Im temple of Buddhist originated from Thailand is located in Loji beach area
B.4.1.5. Intangible cultural heritage

The intangible cultural heritage in the geopark area is mostly the traditions or customs of the community to
organizing ceremonies and martial arts performances. Types of traditions that are still maintained in the geopark
is the method of farming (tatanen), and the Hajat Laut. While aspects of the performing arts in th e form of folklore,
folk games, traditional music and dance; and the martial arts called Pencak Silat. Procedures of cultivating rice
as a main food for the geopark region is still influenced by tradition of Kasepuhan cultural villages. The rules that
apply are starting from selecting the type of rice to be planted, planting ceremony until harvest ceremony that
called “Seren Taun”. The traditional ceremony “Sea Feast” or called by the Sundanese as “Hajat Laut” is usually
held in the area of West Java, es pecially on the south coast. This ceremony is a traditional ceremony of coastal
fishing communities as an expression of gratitude to God for the abundant marine products and as a prayer of
safety for fishermen.
Folktales are stories or myths that developed in the community and are believed to have links with the
surrounding natural conditions. As various legends behind the existence of waterfall or the name of the island and

the animal shaped rocks types at the geopark, as well as the myth of the existence of Queen Nyi Roro Kidul as the
queen of the southern coast guard.
In the Ciletuh and surrounding area, traditional games are still played by children. Some of these games
using simple equipment made of bamboo, wood or leaves or peels of citrus fruits, among the games are
kokolécéran, wawayangan, kukudaan, ucing-ucingan, rorodaan, ulin upih, empét- émpetan, ulin cai, babalonan,
sondah, sapintrong, jajangkungan and égrang. Some of these games are sometimes played also by adult, such as
jajangkungan and égrang. There are several local arts are retained in Ciletuh Geoarea, such as art music, traditional
dance and martial arts. Music and traditional dance are integrated and mutually support one another, where the
musical instruments are generally made of bamboo or wood to become art tools, such as musical instruments,
masks and wooden puppet. Performing arts are often shown in the festival ceremony such as Ciletuh Festival,
Hajat Laut or celebrating national days. Those arts include: Gondang, Buncis, Angklung Geblug, Reog, Calung,
Gendang Penca, Degung, Badawang, Kuda Lumping, Wayang Golek (puppet show), as well as martial art of
Pencak Silat. In addition, now there is also revitalization of an art called ‘Cepet’. This art is a form of manifestation
of the ‘black figure of a dark nature’ expressed in ‘Cepet Mask’, which look like giant creepy face and man of
hair that dangle, heavy and stiff. In the original performance, the dancers often mask Cepet ‘spirit possessed spirits’
that the child puppet refer to as ‘drunk’! But the scenes ‘drunk’ can still be controlled. Thanks to the expertise of
‘the handlers’ who does have such special duties. And another great, even in a drunken state (trance -possessed by)
Cepet mask dancers can dance with a beautiful still in mo tion in harmony with musical accompaniment. There
was originally a dance called Galura Pajampangan Sunda Daksina that describe the Pajampangan community spirit
and togetherness in a natural preserve and uphold high cultural meaning (Figure 21). The liliuran dance is also
represented the way of work together among the people from the paddy planting until harvesting.
Figure 21. Art performance of Cepet and Sundadaksina dance
Among the intangible heritage in the area, the most popular is the folklore, the legend of” Nyi Roro Kidul”
the queen of south ocean, who guard the Indian Ocean. Other folklore also known by especially oldest local people
(traditional leader), including the legend of each waterfalls that occur. The folklore of “the lost princes-the legend
of Ciletuh Bay” is the newly created folklore as impresion of the geological heritage, culture and nature that
combined with the history of Kasepuhan-Raja Galuh kingdom and the occurence of the geological landscape and
geological features that now can be seen within the geopark area.
B.4.1.6. Batik village

Kampung Batik is located in the village of Purwasedar, District of
Ciracap. Region batik village is an area that is developed as a village whose
inhabitants developed a culture of batik with batik motifs inspired by the
beauty of nature in the form of rocks, sea, beaches, waterfalls, and the flora
and fauna in the area of Ciletuh – Palabuhanratu Geopark. The system used
in the dyeing process of batik is derived from natural materials that are
environmentally friendly with nanotechnologies introduced by Bio Farma
company. Some batik motif called "Batik Pakidulan" was copyrighted,
which to date approximately 11 motifs have obtained patent rights (Figure
23). Pakidulan batik promotion has been carried out in several exhibitions
at national and international levels .
Figure 22. Woman are making batik pattern as geoproduct in Batik village
at Purwasedar village, Ciletuh Geoarea

Table 6. List of Cultural sites at Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark
No. Cultural sites Description

1. Banten kidul cultural village Kasepuhan Banten Kidul cultural village which is located in
(Kasepuhan Ciptagelar, Sinarresmi village, Cisolok district. It is situated in Halimu n
Ciptamulya, Sinarresmi) Mountain Ridge. Until now, people in this village still carry out
ancestral traditions especially in agriculture as well as the rice
harvest celebration called Serentaun.
2. Pangguyangan Megalitic Site Pangguyangan megalithic site is pre-historical heritage. In form
of staircase punden and at the top flatform lay the tomb of
ancenstor, this site is located in Cikakak village.
3. Cengkuk (Tugu) site Cengkuk pre-historical sites which are located at Cikakak village.
This site is megalithic civilization heritage. In form of monument
and other equipment made of stones.
4. Inna Samudra Beach Hotel This historical hotel was built by Soekarno, Indonesia’s first
Room 308 president. The room of 308 is special room which is believed to
be the room used by the Queen of south ocean (Nyi Roro Kidul)
to meet her beloved.
5. Dewi Kuan Im Temple Dewi Kuan Im temple is located at Loji beach. This site is the
place for Buddhism worship. It is situated in the hillside and has
direct view to the ocean as the uniqueness of this temple
6. Bagbagan (Yelow) Bridge Bagbagan bridge is historical heritage built by Dutch colonial to
connect Palabuhanratu and Cidadap village. Today this bridge is
still stand beside the new bridge for passing Cimandiri River and
become the Jampang Geoarea maingate.
7. Lunar Observatory Point Lunar observatory point is located at Simpenan village. This
observation is used especially for identified the firts day of
ramadhan for muslim religion based on the movement of lunar
8. Bunker This bunker is located in Waluran village, as historical heritage
built by Japanese colony and used for defense. Beside this site
also can be seen the typical lithology of Jampang Formation, the
sequence of pyroclastic tuff, polymic breccia and collumnar lava.
9. Ruin Harbor The ruin of harbor is located in Ujunggenteng as historical
heritage built by Japanese colony and used for ship to enter the
land
10. Tomb of Mbah Durak This tomb is graveyard of the native inhabitants of the Ciletuh
people, this site located in Mekarsakti village
11. Fisherman village This fisherman village is located in Ujunggenteng. The fisherman
are using traditional fishing method with small boat or using
small stand made of bamboo called ‘Bagang or Jermal’
12. Batu Puter (Swirling Stone) Puter stone in the village of Ujunggenteng village, District of
Ciracap. According to the source of the tradition, Puter Stone is
a stone that is used by Prabu Siliwangi while trying to escape
from the pursuit of King Kian Santang. He was jumping on the
rock, whirling so the stone that was swirling. Puter a bulge stone
coral reefs. Bulge was then created confinement (bier) trellis to
keep it from damage and on hold by visitors
B.4.2. Biological sites

Inside the area Ciletuh - Palabuhanratu Geopark there are also found several biological sites that have been
known in advance before the areas were designated as a geopark area. The biological sites in Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu
Geopark can be classified as :
1. Nature Reserve 5. Green Turtle Conservation

2. Wildlife Reserve 6. Plantation (tea, coconat, palm, ruber)
3. National Park 7. Farm (Cultivation)
4. Conservation Forest

B.4.2.1. Nature reserve
In Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark, there are three nature reserves, those are: Cibanteng nature reserve
area covering 447 hectares in the set based Gouvemer Besluit (GB) 3 Stbl No. 234 dated May 28, 1925. The
Cibanteng region is administratively located in the village of Mandrajaya, Ciemas District while
Tangkubanparahu dan Sakawayana nature reserves are located in Palabuhanratu city. The nature reserve area
is an area integral potential of flora and fauna that interact with the environment to form an natural ecosystem.
This region is a lowland forest or jungle beach directly adjacent to the coast of the Ind ian Ocean. Potential flora
contained in the area includes: Bamboo, belendung, beringin, ketapang, and grass such as: babadotan, babakoan,
teki, tepus, and others. Potential fauna contained in the region can be divided into mammals, reptiles and aves,
such as wild boar, squirrel, monkey, bat, porcupine, and birds; haur, Caladi, Ciung, Cipeuw, Dudut, Eagle, row.
In Cibanteng nature reserve it can be found oldest rocks complex of geological heritage, namely the
metamorphic, ophiolite, melange and sedimentary rocks complexes. These rocks serve as evidence of collisions
between continental plates and oceanic plates in the Cretaceous .
B.4.2.2. Wildlife reserve

Cikepuh Wildlife area of 8.127.5 ha was set by the Ministry of Agriculture decree number 523 / Kpts / Um
/ 10/1973 dated October 20, 1973. The region is administratively located in Mandrajaya and Sidamulya villages,
Ciemas District, Sukabumi. Geographically it is bounded between 070 11'00 "- 070 19'30" latitude and between
1060 22'00 "- 1060 27'30" BT. The wildlife area is an area of integral potential of flora and fauna that interact with
the environment to form a natural ecosystem. This region is a lowland forest or jungle beach directly adjacent to
the coast of the Indin Ocean. Potential fauna contained in the region can be divided into mammals, reptiles and
aves. In Cikepuh wildlife reserve it can be found oldest rocks complex of geological heritage, namely the
metamorphic, ophiolite, melange and sedimentary rocks complexes. These rocks as evidence of collisions between
continental plates and oceanic plates in the Cretaceous .
B.4.2.3. National park

Apart of Gunung Halimun – Salak National Park (TNGHS) is included within the northern part of geopark
area. Within the national park also located several cultural villages including Kasepuhan Banten Kidul that include
Cipatagelar, Sinarresmi and Ciptamulya of Cisolok Geoarea. In the TNGHS region there are many different types
of ecosystems with the habitate of various rare and protected species of fauna and flora. Historically, this area is
habitat of Java Rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus), Javan tiger (Panthera tigris sondaicus). Moreover, there are about
61 species of mammals, some species are endemic to the island of Java and endangered species. Scpecies that
almost extinction such Java leopard (Panthera pardus melas), wildcat (Prionailurus bengalensis), Javan gibbon
(hylobates moloch), long-tailed macaque (Presbytis comata), lutung (Trachypithecus auratus), wild dog (Cuon
alpinus javanicus), sigung (Mydaus javanensis) dan kukang (Nycticebus coucang). The TNGHS is also awarded
as area of Important Bird Area (IBA) by Birdlife organization, due to the many species of bird of more t hen 244
species (Prawiradilaga, et al, 2002), such elang jawa (Spizaetus bartelsi), luntur jawa (Apalharpactes reinwardtii),
ciung-mungkal jawa (Cochoa azurea), celepuk jawa (Otus angelinae), dan gelatik jawa (Padda oryzivora)
(BirdLife International, 2009). In the TNGHS region it can be found the presence of about 27 species of
amphibians, 50 species of reptiles, 26 species of dragonflies (Sidik, I., 1998, Kurniati, 2003). Also recorded 31
species of fish that most (37.5%) is classified as fish
gobiid and eleotriad, such complementary species
of freshwater fish, these species include paray
(Rasbora aprotaenia), beunter (Puntius binotus),
bogo (Channa gachua), eel (Monopterus album),
kehkel (Glyptothorax platypogon), bungkreng
(Poeciba reticulata) and Sicyopterus cf
microcephalus. In TNGHS there are three identifier
species (Flagship Species): the Javan gibbon,
leopard and Javan hawk (Figure 23).
Figure 23. Three flagship species at Gunung

Halimun – Salak National Park: Javan
Gibbon; Leopard; and Javan hawk
(TNGHS, 2014)

More than 700 species of flowering plants live in TNGHS forests. The forest can be zoned by elevation
into 3: 1). Collin zone at altitude between 500 – 1.000 m above sea level (asl). Within this elevation, this zone is
characterized by lowland rain forest family of Diptorecarpaceae, such as Dipterocarpus trinervis, D. Gracilis dan
D. Hasseltii, rasamala (Altingia excelsa), puspa (Schima wallichii), saninten (Castanopsis javanica), kiriung anak
(C. acuminatissima), pasang (Quercus gemelliflora). 2) Sub montana zone at altitude between 1.000 – 1.500 m
asl. In this elevation mainly live species such as Acer Iaurinum, ganitri (Elaeocarpus ganitrus), Eurya
acuminatissima, Antidesma bunius, Ficus spp, kayu putih (Cinnamomum sp.), kileho (Saurauia pendula), dan
kimerak (Weinmannia blumei).; 3). Montana zone at altitude above 1.500 m asl. The variety of species within
this altitude are mainly jamuju (Dacrycarpus imbricartus), kibima (Podocarpus blumei), dan kiputri (Podocarpus
neriifolius), hamirung (Vernonia arborea), Kilemo (Litsea cubeba), Schefflera rigida dan kiramo giling (Trevesia
sundaica).
There are about 13 species of rattan and 12 species of bamboo in TNGHS, as well as pine tress . Those
include bambu cangkore (Dinochloa scandens), bambu tamiang (Schyzostachyum sp.), rasamala (Altingia
excelsa), pinus (Pinus merkusii), damar (Agathis sp.) and puspa (Schima wallichii). The results of the inventory
and collection of orchids in TNGHS, until now, there are 258 species belonging to 74 genera. Forty-seven species
of which are recorded as endemic species of Java and 5 species are new records for the island of Java. Th is amount
represents one-third of the orchid in Java which recorded as many as 731 speises (Mahyar and Sa dili, 2003). In
TNGHS area, as rain forest, there are several types of mushroom can be identified, such as very uniq mushroom
that shows lighting in certain times only (Figure 24).
Figure 24. Variety of orchid and mushroom at Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park. (TNGHS, 2014)
B.4.2.4. Conservation forest

Conservation forest is located in Tamanjaya village. This area is covered by thick vegetation of typical
rain forest and habitat of some animal such as eagle, long-tailed macaques, black panther, variety of birds, and
several species of buterfly. Species of raflesia padma also found at this forest. In some other area nearby, species
of Amorphophallus paeonifolius (Suweg for local name), figure 25. At least seven variety of bamboo also have
been identified at the conservation forest. However, there is no detail study have been done to identified all
biodiversity potensial at this forest yet.
Figure 25. Raflesia padma, Amorphophallus paeonifolius and bamboo as biodiversity of conservation forest
B.4.2.5. Green turtle conservation

Green turtle conservation site is located in the Pangumbahan village, in the southern part of the Ciletuh –
Palabuhanratu Geopark region. This conservation site is managed under the supervision of Fisheries and Marine
Office of Sukabumi Regency. This conservation area has a wide beach where in certain months the green turtles
ride to the beach to lay their eggs. Turtle eggs hatching later moved to the place that is closely mo nitored by the
conservation officers. Two weeks after the eggs hatch, the turtle babies are released back to sea as original habitat
(Figure 26).

Figure 26. Turtle and the babies at
conservation area
B.4.2.6. Plantation
There are several plantation within the geopark area, such as, tea,
rubber, palm oil, coconut, and clove. The Bojongasih tea plantation was built
during Dutch colonialism and until now the plant still operated.
It is located in hilly area of Ciemas village that show beautiful scenery and
suitable for agrotourism activities. While other plantation such as coconut
(copra), palm oil, and rubber are managed by state plantation company
(PTPN), but the plant processing is located in other district. Furthermore, the
clove plantation is also part of Ciemas dictrict and mostly own ed by local
enterpreneur. Recently, fruits plantation are also being planting within the
geopark, such as dragon fruit, durian, manggo, papaya, guava etc (Figure 27).
Figure 27. Dragon fruits and tea plantations at the Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu

Geopark
B.4.2.7. Farm (cultivation)

Within the geopark area, there is an
area of farm (cultivation) of rice field and
shrimp. The shrimp farm is located in two
area, one in Mandrajaya Village and other in
Ujunggenteng Village. These two farms are
operated by private company using modern
technology of farming, and most of shrimps
are used to be exported to the main city such
Jakarta (Figure 28).
Figure 28. Shrimps farm and Mandrajaya village of Ciletuh Geoarea
The rice field mostly are located in Ciemas, Ciracap, Cisolok Districts, and several small area in other
districts. Some paddy field is used to be planted with available of water so its called “padi sawah”, and some
others are planted with very limited of water, so its called “padi huma”. In The geopark area, the most popular is
the variety of black and red rice (‘beras hitam and beras merah’). In the cultural village area of Kasepuhan
Ciptagelar, Sinarresmi and Ciptamulya, there are more than 68 varieties of paddy are planted within the ‘huma’
condition (Figure 30).
Figure 29. Paddy field at Mekarsakti Village, Ciletuh Geoarea, and bunch of various types of paddy to be stored
at granary during the “Seren Taun” ceremony in Ciptagelar cultural village of Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu
Geopark

Table 7. List of Biological sites at Ciletuh – Palabuhanratu Geopark
No. Biological sites Description

1. Cikepuh Wildlife Reserve Cikepuh wildlife reserve is managed by NRCA (Nature Reserve
Conservation Agency) located in Mandrajaya Village, access to this
area can only be reached by walking from the Cikadal beach about
45 minutes
2. Cibanteng Nature Reserve Cibanteng nature reserve is managed by NRCA (Nature Reserve
Conservation Agency) located in Mandrajaya Village, access to this
area can only be reached by walking from the Cikadal beach about 5
minutes
3. Turtle conservation Turtle conservation is located in Pangumbahan beach. Beside being
a tourist attraction, this place could become a place of education to
conserve the turtle to visitors.
4. Tea Plantation The tea plantation is built during Dutch colony and until now the
plant is still operated. It is located in hilly area of Ciemas Village that
show beautiful scenery and suitable for agrotourism activities
5. Dragon fruit Plantation Dragon fruit plantation is located in hilly area of Mekarjaya that
show beautiful scenery and suitable for agrotourism activities.
6. Tangkubanparahu Nature Tangkubanparahu nature reserve is managed by NRCA (Nature
Reserve Reserve Conservation Agency) located in Palabuhanratu City
Access to this area is located next to the main road of Palabuhanratu .
7. Sakawayana Nature Sakawayana nature reserve is managed by NRCA (Nature Reserve
Reserve Conservation Agency) located in Palabuhanratu City. Access to this
area is located next to the main road of Palabuhanratu city or behind
the historical hotel of Inna Samudra Beach
8. Gunung Halimun-Salak Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park is managed under the
National Park Ministry of Forestry It is located in Sinarresmi village, access to this
area can only be reached by 4 WD car for about 90 minutes fro m
Palabuhanratu City.
9. Shrimp Farm (cultivated) Shrimp farm is located in Mandrajaya and Ujunggenteng villages.
This farms are managed by private company who become geopark
partner, as accessible for geopark visitor
10. Kasepuhan Ciptagelar, This cultural village is located in Sinarresmi Village, Cisolok
Ciptamulya, Sinarresmi District. It is situated in Halimun Mountain Ridge. In village, the rice
filed is the main agriculture and they have more the 68 varieties of
paddi plant in the along the village. Proper vehicles to get to the
location is the 4WD car or a motorcycle for about 2 hours fro m
Palabuhanratu city.
B.4.5. The linkage between geological and non geological sites
B.4.5.1. Geodiversity and biodiversity

Geological conditions in the Ciletuh – Palabuhanratu Geopark also characterize their biological conditions,
particularly the flora and fauna that live on it. For example, in the nature reserve and wildlife areas, geology is
dominated by the presence of ophiolite rocks and metamorphic rocks , which have chemical composition
containing high Fe and Mg, so the soil resulting from wathering process in this type of rocks also will content high
iron and magnesium, so only certain plant can live on it in the form of shrubs and grasses . In contrast to the central
part of which is dominated by sedimentary rocks that contain many layers of soil, this area is covered by dense
vegetation and hard trees. When the area is covered by alluvial, the area is mostly used as paddy fields or
settlement, where as in the coastal area generally it is only overgrown by plants such as mangrove that act as a
buffer to the waves. The presence of hard rock such coral reef, causing only the typical plants that live on it like
Cantigi (beach). While in the valley areas, such as around the waterfall, also it is found the existence of rare plants
like raflesia around the jungle near Puncakmanik waterfall. Various types of bamboo plant also grown on soil type
that resulted from volcanic or sedimentary rocks.
While the relationship with the fauna that live in the area, also it encountered many species of birds,
monkeys and snakes. Region with grasslands in the conservation area formerly known as pasture or playground

for several wild animals. Ecosystems in conservation areas and wildlife reserves in Ciletuh -Palabuhanratu also
habitat of Javan rhino, although the population of rhino and b ull in this area are no longer exist.
B.4.5.2. Geodiversity and cultural diversity

B.4.5.2.1. Geological information on toponymy
Toponymy is a scientific discussion about the name of the place, the origin of meaning, and typology. With
regard to the area Ciletuh or - in general - South Sukabumi (pakidulan Sukabumi), toponymy is part of the tradition,
even the good traditions, as through toponymy we can obtain initial information about the state of nature, both
biological and non-biological in an area; and include the message to conserve nature. In Ciletuh and surrounding
area, there are some interesting place names in association with the local natural conditions. The names that have
become initial window of understanding the relationships between nature and culture.
Some of toponymy are: Ciemas (nama after the village, which is according to geological research, this area
is potential for gold occurences), Ciletuh (river and bay), Awang (waterfall), Puncakmanik (waterfall), Palangpang
(beach of Ciletuh estuary), Pabeasan (peridotite hill), Aseupan (diorit hill), Cibanteng (nature reserve which is
used to be as play ground for buffalo), Cikepuh (wildlife reserve and local tree), Citirem (beach and type of shell),
Sodongparat (cape). Ciletuh, according to the language means that the water is turbid (ci = water; letuh = dirty).
Name of the region is now the first geopark in the proposed area of West Java, indicating the state of nature in
Ciletuh, especially land and water management. Erodible soils, especially when it rains, causing water runoff in
the rivers to become muddy. Perhaps, this name also indicates the mining activities in the upstream region which
caused the downstream to become dirty. It could be the beginning of the appearance of the name "Ciletuh" can be
correlated with the start of mining business in the region. It is interesting to be further investigated, because based
on historical record, the area that is now called "Ciletuh" was previously included in the Jampang region. For
example, the name "Jampang" is used in the name of geological formations, Jampang Formation, and Jampang
Highland (Jampang Plateau).
B.4.5.2.2. Geologic influence in livelihood

Livelihood is part of the culture. Some important livelihood in Ciletuh and surrounding communities to
become the local culture have great relation to geology such as fishing and mining of minerals, especially gold.
The Ciemas district is well known for gold resources, therefore many people work as traditional miner for gold.
In hilly and less water, there is tradition to plant rice field with that condition. This is called huma farmer, which
is currently still applied in several hilly areas especially in Cisolok, Ciletuh and Ciracap Districts. Those huma is
normally only planted during rainy season, so only once a year, while paddy field supported by irrigration water
can be used for 2 times planting and harvesting in a year.
The fishing is possible for fisherman, either in the open sea or near Ciletuh Bay presence of Ciletuh Bay.
Thus, the condition of the open sea with large waves, but rich with fish, has spawned a culture of catching fish by
means of the creation of a bagbagan as the local culture. Bagbagan is the place made of bamboo and traditional
signage buoys, allowing it to float on the sea that can reach hundreds of meters away from the nearest beach. This
tradition until know is still continue, as many bagbagan exit along the Ciletuh and Palabuhanratu Bay (Figure 30).
The geological condition also influences the tradition of building the houses who lives in highland and
lowland area. This traditional houses in form of ”rumah panggung” are made mainly from bamboo and palm tree
(coconut trees) and use bamboo as nails to strengthen the structure of the house. Normally they face the house to
the direction of north, east, west or south, according to the birth date of the house owner, and the shape is
rectangular or square.
Figure 30. Traditional fishing method (bagan/jermal) and fisherman at Ciletuh Geopark

B.4.5.2.3. Geologic influences into culture
The local arts and culture, especially the tradition of plant growing, show their close relationship with the
geological circumstances. The most obvious examples are the coastal and farming culture. Hajat Laut ceremony
(hereinafter: Sea feast) is one example of coastal culture related to natural conditions such as marine, coastal, and
the livelihood of fishermen. The traditional ceremony “Sea Feast” is usually held in the south coast area of West
Java. This ceremony is a traditional ceremony of coastal fishing communities as an expression of gratitude to God
for the abundant marine products and as a prayer of safety for fishermen. Similar to those, in highland area such
Kasepuhan Ciptagelar, Sinarresmi, and Ciptamulya, the Seren Taun ceremony is such ceremony to thanks to God
for good crops and harvest every year. Another cultural occation is regular cleaning of the beaches, especially after
the west wind season (moonsoon) where the sea waves bring the waste to the beaches area.
B.4.6. Geotrail
Geological sites in the Ciletuh - Palabuhanratu Geopark can be reached through geotrail provided. Most
of the the geotrail can be reached using four-wheel vehicle until parking area, then continued by a little walk. Some
geotrail should be reached by a boat because the sites are located along the coastal of geopark. Other geotrails also
are for fully walking and or hiking, especially the trail inside the Wildlife Reserve, Nature Reserve or National
Park. In order to explore the diversity of geo, bio and culture of the Ciletuh -Palabuhaanratu geopark, at least 8
(eight) geotrails (2 in Cisolok; 1 in Jampang and 5 in Ciletuh) is provided (see explanation annex 1). Most of the
geotrail is included the geosite, biosite and cultural site which reflecting the diversity of Ciletuh -Palabuhanratu
Geopark. Those are:
1. Land cruise from ancient volcano to Megalithic and cultural villages
2. From sunrise to sunset (beach to rafting and bat watching)
3. Rovering to Jampang Plateau (culture and geological scene)
4. Boat cruise to mantle crust , exploring the ancient animal stones
5. Crossing the mantle crust to explore wildlife of Nature Reserve
6. Exploring the magnificent of waterfalls and mega amphitheater
7. Trekking to explore waterfall and cave
8. Exploring the diversity of south beaches and waterfall
C. GEOCONS ERVATION
C.1. Opportuni ties and pressure in proposed geopark
The Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark has great opportunities for conservation area, especially in the Ciletuh
Geoarea. Currently large area of geopark is already asigned as conservation area that differentiated as Nature
Reserve: Cibanteng, Tangkubanparahu and Sakawayana; Wildlife Reserve of Cikepuh, Cipeucang forest
conservation and Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park. Most of geological heritage sites are located within these
conservation or reserve area, therefore automatically geological heritage is already protected. In an effort to
improved geoconservation area within the geopark, curretly it is being proposed establishment of geological
heritage sites to be designated as a Geology Nature Reserve (CAG-Cagar Alam Geologi). Meanwhile the geosites
is conserved by local government regulation, such as prohibited to be mined, limiting the number of visitors, and
ban from graffitti by placing a probihition sign on the information and interpretation panel of the geosites.
Tourism business with a particular interest developed in Ciletuh region will certainly not interfere with the
function of the environment. Geotourism is developed in the Ciletuh area is gu ided by the principle of sustainable
"Green-Tourism", where the component of abiotic, biotic and culture are developed to be part of tourist attraction
in the basis of environmental sustainability.
However, a pressure to geoconservation program is also being identified. A small portion of the area is
production forest and mining area. This mining area has potential for gold, silver and copper, as well as non -
metallic minerals in the form of contsruction materials such as split stone (andesite) and breccia, landfill soil,
paving block (rock cut) from carbonaceous tuff and iron sand. The potential area of this metal mining materials ,
mostly under the exploration process conducted by private company wh ich has mining licence (IUP) granted
before the area become part of the geopark. Several spots of illegal gold mining are conducted in the small portion
of the Ciletuh geoarea, slightly affect the condition of the rivers flowing into the Ciletuh Bay. To overcome this
matter, the department of energy and mineral resources of West Java has policy that there will be no new minin g
licence issued within the geopark area. While for other existing licence will be continue d until they tenure expire,
but with tight monitored and no extension will be given. Re-vegetation is aplled in ex-mined area. While to handle
the illegal miner, they will be given the understanding of the dangers and effects of mining activities on the
environment and in the near future they will be educated to another skill that will no longer be a min er.
Furthermore, the uncontrolled logging practices will lead to the destruction of forests. During the rainy
season, the critical lands can trigger landslide during the rainy season and will bring enormous mud and

sedimentation flowing towards the rivers. Thus resulting in the color of the river water becomes reddish brown,
and during heavy rainy season this will generate flooding in several main rivers and affected the villages or rice
fields. So that changing the function of uncontrolled land in the future could potentially suppress environmental
sustainability. The efforts are being and will be done to prevent the destruction of forest by forestry department
through planting trees on critical land and regular control for illegal logging.
Potential threats that might also occur is forest fire. At the time of dry season, some conservation forest
area becomes very dry because the water source is reduced and no rain for long period, so that if there are visitors
or local people who do not understand the environment clearing and disposing of cigarette butts, it could trigger a
forest fire. To overcome this matter, we provide sign board with announcement to prevent forest fires and regular
control and monitor by local communities and officer from conservation of natural resources (BKSDA).
C.2. Current status of protection of geological sites within the proposed geopark
Most of the geological heritage sites in the Ciletuh – Palabuhanratu Geopark are located either in nature
reserve, wildlife reserve, concervation forest or in national park, automatically they obtained protection fro m
provincial level through the Protection of Natural Areas and Wildlife Reserve managed by BKSDA and national
park by Ministry of Forestry, as well as the West Java Provincial Regulation No. 2 of 2002 on the Protection of
Environmental Geology and Sukabumi Regent Decree No. 556 / Kep.555-Disparbudpora / 2015 dated August 27,
2015. It also has created the Master Plan for the development of the area Ciletuh – Palabuhanratu Geopark that
include also about the protection of geoheritage, which has been prepared for the protection regulation of some
objects in each geology site. The conservation area within the geopark at present is about 20% from the total area,
as showing in figure 31. Since early this year, the geological heritage sites also being apllyed for protection under
the status of Geology Nature Reserve (CAG) issued by the Geological Agency. The Sukabumi local government
also put some signed of prohibiting the destruction or excavation and transfering the existing geological heritage
sites in the geopark area based on the decree of cultural heritage protection. The local community who act as local
people that maintance the geological sites as well as local guide, always giving understanding to the visitors not
to damage, destroy or vandalism of geosites within the geopark region and conducting regular cleaning along the
beach and among sites .
Figure 31. Conservation map of Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu geopark

C.3. Management and maintance of heritage sites
Management and maintenance of geological sites currently performed among others by:
• Implement function geological sites as protected areas and maintained through binding regulations
especially those who are in the Nature Reserve, Wildlife Reserve, National Park, and Forest Conservation.
• Preserving the geological sites that has been designated as a geological heritage to assign it to Geology
Nature Reserve (CAG) set by the Geological Agency.
• Sampling of rocks on certain geological sites under strict supervision for educational purposes only
• Delineate areas of protected geological site in order to avoid loss of quality sites, so the area is the
responsibility of the site manager
• Expanding the range of educational programs for the understanding of each geosites and cooperating with
relevant agencies and universities to improve the protection and sustainable development in the region
• Planning regulations and enforcement provisions relating to destruction, excavation permits , collecting
stones or fossils and any use in each geological sites
• Planning the development of checkpoints and patrols by local communities and BKSDA a s well as National
Park officer (ranger).
• Placing the sign board, besides information about the geosites, also included with the prohibition on
activities that will be damage or destroy the sites and the environment (Figure 32).
Figure 32. Example of sign board at Jampang Plateu (Puncak darma site) view point of the Palangpang Beach
that include the prohition of littering, hunting, tree cutting and rock sampling

D. ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AND BUSINESS PLAN
D.1. Economic activity in the proposed geopark
The Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark consits of 74 villages distributed in 8 District from north to south:
Cisolok; Cikakak; Palabuhanratu; Simpenan; Ciemas; Waluran; Ciracap; and Surade. The population is dominated
at Palabuhanratu District, the capital city of Sukabumi Regency, followed by Cisolok and Surade (Tabel 8). The
occupation of community is dominated as farmer and farmer worker, enterpreuner, private employee, fishermen ,
handyman, services, government employees, and others (Figure 34). Its economic activities are derived fro m
variety of sectors, mainly: fishery, argiculture/farming, husbandry and tourism. The fishery is the main economic
income, followed by agriculture, this could be understood that the geopark area has very large shoreline which is
directly connected to the Indian ocean. The economic income from tourism is not yet contribute in large amount.
This probably, before it assigned as National geopark, the tourism activity is only concentrated at Palabuhanratu,
Ciracap, Surade and Cisolok areas, where other districts/town are not familiar as tourist destinations. The
comparison of economic activity from those four sectors can be seen in figure 35. However, since the establishment
as a National Geopark of Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu, the numbers of tourist visitor increase significantly, especially in
Ciemas District as the most favorite destination for geopark visitors (Figure 36).
Table 8. Numbers of population in Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark distributed in 8 districts of Sukabumi Regency

(BPS, 2015).
No. Sub-District Population

Male Female Total
1 CISOLOK 40.451 38.126 78.577
2 CIKAKAK 21.505 20.292 41.797
3 PALABUHANRATU 55.706 53.166 108.872
4 SIMPENAN 30.291 28.988 59.279
5 CIEMAS 25.243 23.715 48.958
6 WALURAN 14.172 13.558 27.730
7 CIRACAP 26.184 25.205 51.389
8 SURADE 38.529 37.721 76.250
TOTAL 252.081 240.771 492.852
Figure 33. Graphic distributions of employment type within the Ciletuh -Palabuhanaratu Geopark region

25.000.000
20.000.000
15.000.000 2012
2013
10.000.000
2014
5.000.000 2015
-
Agriculture Husbandry Fishery Tourism
Figure 34. Graphic distributions of economic income of four major sectors in Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark
300.000
250.000
200.000
2012
150.000
2013
100.000
2014
50.000
2015
-
2016 - Sept
Figure 35. Graphic of numbers of tourist visitor within the dictricts of geopark area
D.2. Existing and planned facilities

D.2.1. Existing facilities
• Ciletuh – Palabuhanratu Geopark office is located at the Tourism, Culture, Youth and Sports office of
Sukabumi Regency at Palabuhanratu City, and other office is located at the Goverment Tourism office of
West Java in Bandung City
• The information boards (Interpretation panels) are placed in almost all of geological, cultural and biological
sites
• Infrastructure (main road access) to the location of the geological sites and parking lots in several sites
• Local community office for tour guides and information center organized by PAPSI (local communities)
• Homestays, mosque and the toilets in parking area at the nearest geosites
• Hotels and restorans are located in Palabuhanratu, Cisolok and Ujunggenteng, and some Inn in Surade
• Travel health centers and Puskesmas (district’s hospital) facilities specialized in ER fracture as well as
ambulances to evacuate victims are located in Tamanjaya, Palabuhanratu and Surade.
• Boats (owned by local communities) to be used for visiting the geo sites along the coastal area are also
available from Palabuhanratu, Palangpang and Ujunggenteng
• Leaflet, booklet and guide book about Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu as well as geotrail map, postcard and
bookmark
• Others facilities, such as field campus , food market, tourist fcailities (figure 36)

D.2.2. Planned facilities
• Improvement of second road access to the sites of geology, biology and culture, especially from the rute of
Palabuhanratu-Palangpang-Puncakdarma
• Adding to the information panels at each site of geology, biology and culture and make information books
and leaflets, travel maps and as well as updating the website of the Ciletuh – Palabuhanratu Geopark with
more educational material and travel guide for visitors
• Establish the office or information center in the area of geopark in most popular area of visitor, such as in
Cisolok, Ujunggenteng and Tamanjaya
• Establish the main gate and secondary gate to geopark, and facilities, parking, toilets, souvenirs and food
stalls. (The design for gates in several locations are included in appendix)
• Establish the research center for geopark (balai Walagri) manage by Universitas Padjadjaran at Surade,
which will be the leader for the reseach activity)
• Airport is planned to be built in Citarate, Ujunggenteng southern area of geopark (see the annex-4 map)
• Several fasilities for tourist activity, local community showcase product, cultural performance area are
planned to be built in Palangpang, Tamanjaya, Puncakdarma, Curug Awang -Puncakmanik, Pangumbahan
and Paniisan (Some in Figure 37)
Figure 36. Several existing tourist facilities at the Tamanjaya village, Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark (Informatio n
Centre, Homestay, Road Access , boat rent, small museum, tourist attraction)

A B
C D
Figure 37. Planned Facilities to be built at Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark. (A. Airport; B. Turtle Conservation
Park; C. Amphitheater View Deck and tourism facilities; D. Puncakdarma and Palangpang Beach)
development plan and facilties
D.3. Analysis of geotourism potential

The geology, biology and cultural sites within the geopark region will be largely made as an area for tourist
attaction while preserving its sustainability. These activities are carried out in order to regenerate the local
economic activity through geotourism. Where, the geotourism will be developed with the concept of Communit y
Based Tourism (CBT) pillared with aspects of conservation, education and the empowerment of local
communities.
In the development of planning, some geological sites such as amphitheater, waterfalls, cave, will be
managed by the local community through community tourism awareness (kelompok peduli pariwisata) and
village-owned enterprises (BUMDES) with support from regional-owned enterprises (BUMD). However for the
geological and biological sites that are located in conservation area of Wildlife, Nature Reserve or National Park,
the management will be adjusted to the rules of conservation management of BKSDA or Ministry of Forestry.
The management of tourist villages, centers of home industry for food products and souvenirs will be
handled by each village local communities . The local and regional government will serve as motivator and
facilitator for making the masterplan of development area and promotions. In order to develop the geopark region,
the analysis of the potential development of geoturims in the future has been made by government office of
tourism. The analysis shows respect to internal and external threats and opportunities. The analytical approach is
applied with matrix of “Strengths; Weaknesses; Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis. This approach is
expected to generate appropriate management strategies.
The Strenghts factor is the presence of an object of geological heritage site, which is very unique, rare and
having aesthetic value that caused by the dynamic process of earth crust as the oldest rock formation in West Java
that believed to be the first emerging land of Java Island. Furthermore, the occurences of cultural heritage villages,
megalithic sites, art performance and cultural festival, variety of rice, rich in tropical fruits, fishery; support of
local communities; the members of multisectoral in a management board; and the strong support from the
provincial government.
The Weakness is still lacking professional tour guide at the geopark management; less coordination
between the tourism industry both locally and regionally; there is not yet widely socialized the geotourism concept
and facilities that will be developed within the geopark; less promotion of the geoturism packages and geopark
programs to publics; the tourist facilities, information board and interpretation sign board in each sites ;and less
material such as leaflet, booklet, geotrail maps or geopark programs of education, conservation or communit y
empowerment programs conducted or being informed to public; lack of accommodation facilities for large groups
of tourist. However, this problem is now under preparation to eliminate the weaknesses.
The Opportunities factor of this region is already assigned as geopark by decree of Sukabumi Regent as
well as from decree of regional West Java Governor. There is also planned in the near future that the most of
gelogical heritage sites will be proposed as Geological Nature Reserve Region (KCAG) so that they will be
protected by law; strong support from Multi National Enterprise (BUMN) as a partner in the development of
community empowerment and conservation; support from university for research and education material.

The Threating factors in geopark region is due to several geological sites are still unprotected; lack of
awareness of the visitors in terms of taking out the trash food and softdrink bottles; lack of availability of janitor
at each sites; and the natural factros such as tsunami, landslides and drought. The natural factors are covered by
several researches and later will be implemented.
The signifincane of Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark as a natural laboratory for developing education,
conservation and economic sustainability in a holistic manner trhough the development of the tourism industry to
improve the economy of communities within and surrounding the Ciletuh -Palabuhanratu Geopark region. As the
Ciletuh-palabuhanratu Geopark is located in tropical country with warm climate and temperature in, visitors are
offered a year-round opportunity to explore the geoheritage, cultural heritage and biodiversity of the area. In an
effort, to encourage visitors to stay in geopark as long as possible, and to foster the economic values of tourism
and its multiplier effect in the geopark region, its necessary to maintain and enhance tourist attaction in each sites
by providing enough information and education sign board that explaining about the sites; increase the numbers
of professional guides; and provides better facilities in terms of access, local transport, accomodation, food and
beverages, and souvenir of geoproduct of geopark, as well as the hospitality in all services .
D.4. Overview and policies for the sustainable development of geoheritage, geoeducation, geotourism and
economy
The Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Geopark has uniqueness that is not possessed by other geopark in Indonesia.
The geopark favor of geological heritage sites of international significant in term of rocks from the earth's mantle
and metamorphic rocks were uplifted and formed due to the subduction between the Eurasian continental plates
and the Indian Ocean plates that occurred in the Cretaceous period, as well as the landscape of horseshoe-shaped
amphitheater. This area become very important research object internationally especially for most geologic student
and become advocates in educating the geology to the community who has various educational backround.
Local communities through BUMDES were given the authority to manage each sites within the geopark.
They will continue to mantain the attractiveness of the object and keep it from damage and deterioration due to
their economic factor will depend on those objects. The greater the dependence, the more it will foster tourism
awareness and conservation among the communities in terms of managing each site. The development the geopark
should be managed for sustainable manner by balancing the conservation and utilization of geoherita ge for
education and geotourism. In order to suppport the policies in sustainable development programs, the provinc ial
government provides huge budget and support programs called “RAM-IP” a multiparty action plan as short-term
programs that involves various government office that related or in connection with the deveoplment of geopark
region. This main tasks of RAM-IP until 2017 are: to obtain the recognition of Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark to
be part of UNESCO Global Geopark and member of GGN; as well as to make the geopark area become an
international tourist destination.
D.4.1. Geotourism and economy

The aim of this policy is to establish the geopark as new destination for geoeducation, geotourism,
adventure tourism and ecotourism, in which the visitors can learn about the formation of the earth and the
connectivity or synergy between human and nature by visiting various sites of waterfalls, landscape, beaches,
caves, oldest rocks formation, small islands, as well as animal shaped rocks. Visitors will be encouraged also to
end they geotour by involving in conservation program as we call “adopted tree”, where the visistors are involve d
in conservation program by planting mangrove or any rare or endemic plant with small amount of money that will
be used for local communities who lookafter the trees. The local communities also are encouraged to actively
involve in business by actively create merchandise or souvenir of geopark-related product or geoproduct that can
help to revitalize the local economy. Besides , locals also provide homestay, local transport and boat renting as well
as cullinary as sustainable economic income for the local.
Other programs are to keep visitor to stay longer in geopark, by providing as many sites of interest as
possible they can explore within the geopark. Therefore we provide or suggest several geotrails to meet the need
or interest of visitor, by combining the geodiversity, culture and biodiversity in the same geotrail, so they can
easily understand about the diversity and heritage in geopark. This geotrail also inlude with the sites with
information sign board, catering (food), tourism and accomodation facilities, and guided by profesional guide.
Besides that, annual cultural festival is also held around the geopark, such: Seren Taun in cultural villages of
Ciptagelar, Sinarresmi and Ciptamulya; Hajat Laut in Palabuhanratu and Palangpang beaches; and Ciletuh -
Palabuhanratu Geopark Festival, one year calender event; and some others regular activities organized by local
government.

We also encourage the whole community to display their hospitality
in all services they provide for visitors. The management also provide better
leaflet, booklet as well as information center and sign board in most of
geological sites, so visitors will be easy to understand the meaning of each
site they visit, and trained several local communities with skill that relating
the attraction of geosites. Since 2015, guide training has already conducted
as well as for creating geoproduct based on local commodity. For example,
in the Purwasedar Village, woman are being trained to make “batik” and
handmade painting cloth with special motif of the diversity and the beauty
of geopark. This batik is now being famous geoproduct of Ciletuh -
Palabuhanratu Geopark (Figure 38).
Figure 38. Geouturism and economic activity at Batik village and Buddhist
temple geosites of Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark
D.4.2. Geoeducation
The aims in geoeducation are to develop the capabilities of children for their future in understanding of
using natural resources in more sustainable manner. The aim also to increase the care of community members in
maintaining and managing geological heritage as source of their economy sustainability in their whole lives, as
well as their awareness towards natural disaster prevention. Several education programs are being conducted as
well as being planned by geopark management:
D.4.2.1. Education activities
The education program is conducting in public education (school children and university student) about the
geodiversity, biodiversity and cultural diversity within the geopark, and the importance to conserve those
diversities that can be utilized in geopark manner to develop the economic sustainability in their region (figure 49
and 50). This program is done by socialization to elementary until high school children and the ir lecturer in class
and fieldtrip to the geopark, such as:
 The university student is already being in the elective subject at the Faculty of Geology, Universitas
Padjadjaran (UNPAD) under the lecture: “Geodiversity, Geoheritage and Geoparks” for semester 5 student.
Beside that, the regular fieldtrip to the geopark is also conducted as part of the lecture “geomorphology,
geodynamics; sedimentology; regional geology; as well as for the Fieldcamp program. At present at least 4
postgradute students are doing their research disertation project in the Geopark area; several undergraduate
students are also working for their thesis in geology; and master students who are doing her research about
biodiversity at this geopark.
 Regular fieldtrip of the Department of Geography of Indonesian Education University (UPI) for undergraduate
and postgraduate student for subjects: Hydrology; Remote Sensing; and Geology ; and final research project
area for undergraduate student in geoutourism (Figure 39).
 Regular program of Community Service Program (KKNM) conducted by undergraduate student of Universitas
Muhammadyah Sukabumi (UMMI)
 Socialization and a special geological fieldtrip for school children and lecture that guided by the expert
provided by geopark management;
 Provided special geotrail for geologic student and professional of geoscientists;
 Conduct training to local people to become tour guides, business economics such as food , souvenirs, and other
geoproducts based on avaibility of local commodity, such as manggo, brown palm sugar, black and red rice,
honey, tea, coffee; as well as geo-replica ( Figure 40);
 Training for local community to develop conservation village;
 Training for local community for agriculture and conservation programms.

Figure 39. University student’s fieldtrip, socialization and fieldtrip to geopark for elementary to high school
Figure 40. Training for community empowerment of geoproduct such as food products of local resources
D.4.2.2. Disaster Prevention Education

The Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark has a long coastal area and deal directly with the Indian Ocean. As it
is known, the southern part of Java is known as ongoing an active subduction zone between the Indian Ocean
plate and the Eurasia continental plate, which always cause earthquakes and sometimes accompanied by tsunami.
Moreover, Further, on the highland area also shows vulnerability of landslide due to the high rainfall, which can
lead to landslides and flooding that can cause disrupted access road to the geopark. Therefore, priority of giving
education about the awareness of disaster prevention is very high among community resid ents. Lectures by
scientist from university or related government institution are also held to educate the public and school children
on the mechanism of tsunami, earthquakes, landslide and the damage caused by those disaster in an easy manner,
so public can understand easily. Signage of danger area, beach observation post, evacuation route and assembly
point are also placed in several areas in which most accumulated visitors (Figure 41 and 42).
Figure 41. Signboard, resque post and assambly point at Karanghawu beach, Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark
Figure 42. Training to community of resque (left), ambulance and resque car
“komodo” (center) and for conservation at Tamanjaya Village

D.4.2.3. Planned for education activities
 Provided information, education and conservation sign board or panel in almost geosites, to give better
understanding about the object to the visitors;
 Plan for the construction of an information center, museum, research center, and c ultural activity center
within the geopark area;
 Conduct a research on the identification and prevention of potential disaster such tsunami, landslides,
earthquakes, flood, and wildfires.
 Develop a research cooperation agreement with relevant institutions and universities as well as the private
sector to support the resesarch and education program at the geopark;
 Develop a formal geography (included geology) environmental education program (included in the school
curriculum for elementary school to high school) and informal education to the community around the
geopark and the visitors. The material is under preparation with University of Indonesia Education (UPI)
to include in the school material in science (geography lecture) and living environment (enviro nmental
science) ;
 To create the published information on the protection of natural heritage, culture as well as environment;
 Creating educational materials about the geopark and conservation in the form of documentaries, videos,
slideshows, interactive computer program, especially for school children.
D.4.3. Geoheritage
About 25% of the geopark area is part of Nature Reserve, Wildlife Reserve, National Park, Conservation
Forest and Green Turtle Conservation area. Most of the importance geological heritage sites are located within the
Nature Reserve, Wildlife Reserve and Conservation Forest, so those geological heritages are well protected under
the rule of each regulation of Reserve or Park management under the Ministry of Forestry. While other geoheritage
sites are protected under the decree of local government under the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources,
and department of education and culture of archeological section. Beside the geopark area is defined by the Decree
of West Java Governor Number : 556/Kep.941-Rek/2016 dated September 2016.
Several programs that have been conducted in order to maintain the geoheritage are:
 Application for determination of Geological Nature Reserve (CAG) areas by Geological Survey;
 Implementation of the deliniation of geopark area that distiguishing between core zone which is used as a
conservation area, research and limited visitors; and buffer zones which is developed into a center of tourism
activity and construction for tourism facilities and infrastructure;
 Prepare the masterplan and detail engineering design in the development of geopark;
 Conduct cooperative research between the committee management and universities or research institution in the
indetification and create the databased of geology, biology and cultural diversity, as well as the research on
geological hazard (natural or man made) management within the Ciletuh -Palabuhanratu Geopark region.
D.5. Policies for community empowerment
The most crucial and important factor for the sustainable deveopment programs in geopark are the
involvement of local communities in initiative in the geopark conservation, education and promotion. This
programs could be applied by community empowerment. The basic principle in the community empowermen t
program is to provide grater access to the public to be independent. The programs should be designed to include
participation, transparency and accountability, so that every program will be a mean to learn together for the better
future.
Policies related to the empowerment of the community are:
 Planning to conduct social mapping in the whole district within the geopark;
 To identify the needs of local communities and design a program of activities such as training, define target
outcomes and resources used or involved;
 Conduct regular communication between the community development team of the geopark management body
with the elements of stakeholders in every villages within the geopark region to encourage communit y
involvement with geopark activities by socialization to local p eople and explaining about our geopark;
 Setting the parameters of success indicators of empowerment program from the internal side (communities )
and the external side (local government/ management committee)
 Cooperation between the committee management with local in providing catering, tourist guide, accomodation
facilities, through called ‘geopark partner or partneship”

 Provide training to local community in several knowledge and skills, such as tourist guide, services (homestay,
boat rent, restoran, coffee shop, souvenir shop), creating and improvement of geoproduct,
 Training about how to create or to develop conservation village, tourist village, instructor for agriculture,
livestock practise as well as access to health care and rescue;
 Involvement of local community in workshop for geosite and homestay management as well as a comparative
study to other geopark in Indonesia.
 Bio Farma as a multinational private company has strongly supported the empowerment program for
community, aspecially to give more better skill to local community and school children in creating economic
potential within the geopark area, such as training for geoproducts, conservation, education, health care,
cultural performance, batik promotion, as well as for keeping geosite clean (Figure 43).
Figure 43. activities conducted for community empowering program at the Ciletuh -Palabuhanratu Geopark
(Coral planting, mangrove conservation, management workshot, etc.)
D.6. Policies for public and stakeholder awareness

The policies related to draw public attention should be conducted in cooperative ways between the geopark
management committee, local government, communities, and other stakeholders in terms of the followin g
activities are planned by the management and some have been already implemented. Such efforts are being
implemented and planned to attract stakeholder awareness in the development of Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark
to be recognized by UNESCO Global Geopark, and to become world tourist destination as well as for education,
economic sustainability while the nature and environments are still conserved.
D.6.1. Attracting public attention

To attract public attention in the Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark, several activities are already done and
continue as regular activity within the committee management programs . Those are:
 Promoting the Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu geopark through various exhibitions inside the country and abroad, such
as Road to Ciletuh Festival, Ciletuh Geopark Festival, and Exhibition during GGN and APGN conference;
 Advertisement and promotion to attract public attention not only who lives within the geopark area but also
who live outside the geopark; such as placing the signboard and information about the geopark at several areas
as well as in newspapers, magazine and electronic media (Figure 44);
 Provide publication to attract public attention by sending press releases to the media, and frequently updated,
providing up-to-date information via website(Figure 49 & Figure 45),
 Organize event activity at the geopark collaboration between the local community, university, private sector
and local government, such as Sabilulung art performance;
 Send the promotion materials to school, government organization, accommodation and restoran, travel
agencies, etc.;
 Involve and promoting the geopark and its activities during tour and travel exhibition attended in national or
internation event.
Figure 44. Signage at Sudirman

railway station, Jakarta (left),
Road to Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu
Geopark Festival (center), and
Exhibition during the UGG-7
at Riviera Geopark (right)

Figure 45. Promotion material about
the geopark at the train magazine,
newspapers, published book and
website.
Figure 50. Several leaflets about event of art performance; geopark area
of interest; and booklet of geopark that distributed to public and
stakeholder.
D.6.2. Attracting stakeholders

In the development of a geopark, now the trend topic is patro nage or partnership issue. This issue become
importance to encourage more stakeholder or business partners to add the geopark logo in their labelling product
to add the value. Beside that, we also encourage tour agent, business travels, hotels and restorans to make
partnership with the management. The management prepares the logo and partnership logo on their products as
part of the collaboration.
 The mutual agreement between West Java government have been made with regional government of Sukabumi
and several institutions to support the development of Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark. Those mutual
agreement are between the Provincial Government of West Java with the Sukabumi Regency regional
government, the Natural Resources Conservation Center (BKSDA), PT. PN VIII (Plantation Nusantara VIII),
PT. BIO FARMA, Padjadjaran University (UNPAD), Regional Company on Service and Tourism, and Local
Community (PAPSI).
 Simultaneously give more opportunities for mass media, tourist and travel agencies and private visitors to
provide feedback about the geopark;
 To increase the number of geopark products, and to encourage local businesses as “geopark partner”
management collaborate with local community who produce several geoproduct to add the geopark logo to the
labelling on their conventional product to add value and selling to the geopark visitors or shops, restoran and
hotels around the geopark.
 Develop several geotrail and travel plans by collaborating between geopark management, local communities
and travel agencies to share a mutual interest in utilizing the Geopark as a tourism resource. Those could be
created several “geotour” were conducted as well as the launch ticket that include cost of transport, guide, food,
boat tour; and accomodation.
 Give regular training to local producer to update and increase their skill in creating hygienic product, packaging
and promoting their products. (at Annex 1)
 Collaborate with University and schools (from playgroup to high school, around the geopark) to create regular
education programs as well as material for curicullum and extracuriculer and fieldcamp activities within the
geopark area
 Involeving the Scout (pramuka) institution for several programs such as tour guide, conservation, education
as well as to act as geopark ranger in several geosites.
 Collaborate with existing lifeguard and HSE organization in Sukabumi to act as safety officer and provide
facilities in important geosites, such as along the most popular beach area, to make visitor comfertable during
their visit.

E. INTEREST AND ARGUMENTS FOR BECOMING UNESCO GLOBAL GEOPARK
The Provincial Government of West Java and local government of Sukabumi Regency have a strong
desire to make the Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark can be recognized as a UNESCO Global Geopark and be part
of Global Geopark Network.
`academic, business, government and media, therefore the geopark development concept is called: Penta Helix of
“CABGM” (Community, Academic/University, Business, Government, and Mass Media). The interest to become
the UNESCO Global Geopark is supported by a diversity of geology, biology and culture of the region that has
international significance to enhance the value of local sustainable economic growth through tourism. This effort
will be further increased when the proposed geopark status obtain the recognition as UNESCO Global Geopark.
The application for the UNESCO Global Geopark and Global Geopark Network has four main purposes:
1. To let the world know the geosientific significance of Ciletuh -Palabuhanratu geoheritage through being
recognized as UNESCO Global Geopark and the members of Global Geopark Network. Based on the scientific
and educational aspect of geoscience knowledge, Ciletuh area is the subject of research at international level,
because it has geology complex (rocks) as an evidence of the subduction process between the Eurasian
Continental Plate with the Indian Ocean Plate, which occur in the Cretaceous period. Until present the area is
located within the very active and unstable zone, where the Recent subduction process is ongoing in the
southern area of geopark. Therefore, the geopark region is expectin g large earthquakes and tsunamis that are
expected to occur. In addition the area can be used to apply the prediction methods and protection of tsunami
and earthquake using scientific approach and advances technology.
2. As part of the nature, components of geology, biology and culture in the Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark are
closely linked. Geological diversity records the history of the earth’s evolution from the Cretaceous to the
Present time and is associated with the biodiversity that is endemic (typical) and the human culture that lives
on it. In the Cikakak District, the northern part of geopark there have been found several megalithic sites made
from andesitic lava which is believed to be used by human who lives during that period of time. This shown
the relation of human life with the natural resources.
3. The local community began to get the economic benefit of the Geopark through geotourism. So that the
economic value of the geotourism, ecotourism, agrotourism, cultural tourism and sustainable developement
based on community are expected to be increased as the geopark has new status of UNESCO Global Geopark
and member of Global Geopark Network, in which our geopark will be promo ted worldwide through UNESCO
networking system. Besides the Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark can also get more benefit by makin g
networking, cooperation and sharing information with other GGN members on the way of developing geopark
and to encourage more community involvement.
4. Last but not least, being the member of Global Geopark Network and recognition as UNESCO Global Geopark
is not the final goal of geopark committee management, but to increase the local people interest and awareness
to protect and maintance their natural resources and environment that will also stimulate their curiosity and
increase their sense of pride of their environment and nature as their source of economic sustainability.
As the purposes mentioned above, we hereby express our inten tion to join the UNESCO Global Geopark Network
and making more contribution to its activities to “celebrating earth’s heritage and sustaining local communities”.

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Dossier Ciletuh Palabuhanratu

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West Java Province Sukabumi Regency

TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................................................I

An Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global Geoparks i

An Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global Geoparks ii

Figure 1. Location map of Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark, Su kabumi, West Java, Indonesia...................................6

An Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global Geoparks iii

An Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global Geoparks iv

A.2. Location of the Proposed Geopark

An Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global Geoparks 5

A.4. Organization in charge and management structure

A.4.3. Budget and finance

Fiscal year Source of budget

An Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global Geoparks 6

A.5. Application contact person

Figure 2. Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark Management Structure

An Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global Geoparks 7

B.1. General geological description of proposed geopark

Figure 3. The SRTM image of the Ciletuh – Palabuhanratu Geopark

B. 1.1. Tectonic synthesis of Cretaceous subduction

An Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global Geoparks 8

B. Plate Convergence in South-Southeastern Sundaland during Cretaceous (Satyana, 2014)

B.1.2. Magmatic arc shifting of West Java

An Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global Geoparks 9

An Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global Geoparks 10

B.1.3. Stratigraphy of Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu region

An Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global Geoparks 11

B.2. List and description of geological sites

An Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global Geoparks 12

Figure 8. Distribution map of geosites in the Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark

B.2.1. Cisolok Geoarea

An Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global Geoparks 13

Figure 9. Major sites map of Cisolok geoarea, Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu geopark

Table 3. List of geosites in Cisolok Geoareas of Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark

Geosite Note/Description Significance Aplication

An Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global Geoparks 14

B.2.2. Jampang Geoarea

Table 4. List of geosites in Jampang geoarea, Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu geopark

Geosite Note/Description Significance Aplication

An Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global Geoparks 15

Figure 10. Distribution of geosites in Jampang Geoarea, Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark

B.2.3. Ciletuh Geoarea

An Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global Geoparks 16

Geosite Note/Description Significance Aplication

An Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global Geoparks 17

An Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global Geoparks 18

An Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global Geoparks 19

B.3 Detail scientifict value of geosites

B.3.1. International scientific meaning

An Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global Geoparks 20

B.3.1.2. Deep marine sediment and animal-shaped rocks

B.3.1.3. Jampang Plateu and spectacular amphiteater

An Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global Geoparks 21

B.3.1.4. Ancient magmatic zone shifting, fore arc evolution.

B.3.2. Nasional scientific meaning

An Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global Geoparks 22

B.3.2.2. Paleohigh in West Java

Figure 15. Paleohigh of Ciletuh Area in

B.3.3. Regional and Local Scientific Meaning

Figure 16. Geological map, bathymetry, and

An Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global Geoparks 23

B.4.1. Cultural sites

1. Cultural villages 4. Tomb and Temple

B.4.1.1. Cultural villages