1, Assume 70% of students at a university own a laptop, 20% of students own a printer, and 79% of students own a laptop or a printer. (a) What is the probability that a student owns a laptop and a printer. (5 pts.) L= dwms laptop Pe owns printer PCLme) = PCL) + PCP) ~ P(LuP) tt tin - 1B 2 (b.) Are the events “owning a laptop” and “owning a printer” independent? Why or why not? (5 pts.) Trt ments Lot P gee independent ZS PEL APY = PLUORCP). Sing eConec?) = CHCA 2.4 # og Fe = P(LnP), TA Byonky Owning a lagkbp om dwar Ort Not independent, cal (c.) Given that @ randomly selected student owns a laptop, what is the proability that the student also owns a printer? (5 pts.) Pcuaey PC PIL) = uy2, Each user on a computer system has a password which is § characters long. Each character is either an uppercase letter (A-Z) or a digit (0-9), Bob, who was born in 1988, constructs his password by randomly ordering the letters B,O,B, and the digits 8.8. (For example, two potential passwords for Bob are “BOB8S" and “BSBOS"). (a.) How many possible passwords are there for Bob? (4 pts.) SVAN shy © 2 roi alatl! 2 ail Possuoras, ~ Ont, SPB Chane b Choose DSPs pars fom (hE FOO frm 5 for a for | MO pe Big om BS (b.} One day, Bob tries to access the network and finds that he has fogotten his password. He randomly picks an ordering of the letters B,O,B, and the digits 8.8 and tries once to log on. What is the probability that he is successful? (4 pts.) Bob Corcoy Paseworas oor Bol posse passwords P( sucerstat ) «3, There are 11 men and 7 women in a pool of job applicants, The employer will hire 4 individuals. Let X be the number of women who are hired. (a) What is £m(X)? (3 pts.) fo, ui r34y Im (X) (b.) Suppose the employer hires 4 randomly selected applicants. Write down the pm of X as a function of z. You do not need to compute the actual probabilities; it is enough to write down the functional form of px(z) = P(X = 2). (4 pts.) (Bex ) Cs \ Oo Other wrigh XO TI Ro = (c) Asin part (b), assume that the employer hires 4 randomly selected applicants. What is the probability that at least one woman is hired? You do not need to compute the number; a numerical expression is sufficient. (3 pts.) PORE = 1 RKO) 27 AW (3)It is known that 40% of athletes in a group of athletes use a particular steroid. A fairly cheap test, called “Test A”, has a detection probability of 70% and @ 20% chance of producing a false positive. In other words, and P(Test A positivelathlete uses the steroid) P(Test A positivejathlete does not use the steroid) = .2 (a.) A randomly selected athlete is given Test A, and the test result is positive, What is the probability that the athlete actually uses the steroid? (6 pts.) Se vses seria Es does nm ust steevia 4 = HOE A prmstre Psi) = LHS ) = PLHARCY + PLES) LPL) 0 CA + Ce) (b.) A more expensive test, called “Test B” is also available. Test B has a detection probability of 97% and a false positive rate of only 1%. In other words, P(Test B positivelathlete uses the steroid) = .97, and P(Test B positivelathlete does not use the steroid) = 01. Because Test B is costly, aan athlete is only given Test B if Test A returns a positive result, Assume that the wutcome of Test B is independent of the outcome of Test A. Suppose that an athlete is given Test B, and the result from Test B is positive, What is the conditional probability that the tested athlete uses the steroid? (4 pts.) +4 = A prsaive ond B prcive PCRs) P PC Ste) © ae PEELS) PCS) + PCRAIZ)ACE) (ACI) CY) se CDLAC Concared5. A long-distance cyclist's back tire sometimes pops during long rides. Because the cyclist knows that her tire has a tendency to pop, she carries a repair kit with her. Let X be the number of times that the cyclist’s tire pops during a 70 mile ride. X is either 0, 1, or 2 ‘The probability mass function of X'is given in the table below: z lo|i|2 Pata 8 | a3 (px(2) = Oif z ¢ {0,1,2}.) (a.) What is the probability that the tire pops twice during a 70 mile ride? (8 pts.) Rid = 4 = oe (b,) What is the expected value of the number of times that the cyclist’s tire pops during 8 70 mile ride? (5 pts.) ERD = oC 4 IG) + 30.09) 234014 2 99 (c) Bach time her tire pops, the cyclist spends 10 minutes repairing her tire. What is the expected value of the time that she spends fixing her tire on a single ride? (4 pts.) T= bine Firing tice, T= (0X rl: ots HOETK] = at mninvtes6. Let T be the time until an electronic component fails, measured in years. (Tis the lifetime of the component). Assume that T is a continuous random variable with probability density function (pdf) frit kept ift 20 ontt =f. \ Gg | Friant = \ ee See oye se an Ste me . ° ke {b.) What is the cumulative distribution function (edf) of 7? (You may express your answer in terms of k if you were unable to find k in part (a}). (5 pts.) Foe kyo, ‘ 5 _s Fre Mfrnde 2 Loan 2g de a for 59, Wie fof imax | ode = Fu) rhe me D o i iso S Fl est ho, (c.) What is the probability that the component fails within the fist six months (.5 years)? (You may express your answer in terms of k if you were unable to find k in part (a)) (3 pts.) PCTS 6) eFOS) 2 [ - ese) _ - .2al‘A manufacturer sells 50 such components, each of which comes with a six-month warranty. ‘The lifetimes of the 50 components are independent, continuous random variables, each with pdf fr(t). Consider the 50 components that the manufacturer sells. Let X be the number of components that fail during the first 6 months (.5 years). (d) Is X discrete or continuous? Why? (3 pts.) Tm LmlX) Consists of te fist 50 nonnegative into, ie y ; Lm(X) =f OL, 50h, Grease To(X) & finite, Ke discrae. (c.) What is the distribution of X? Give the name of the distribution and the numeric values of all parameters. (You may express your answer in terms of k if you were tunable to find the value of k.) How many components does the manufacturer expect will fail during the first 6 months? (5 pts.) Xs He numer of syecencea iy 5D iid trials, wh « : eC SSUUEES* Corresponds tp Pre avené thet a Lomy prnins fal on WA. Therthore, S ducing, the Warranty Kr Binomial (N= 90) pz saat) (Fo PAS, Be P(succuns?) = Fel-S) E[KLs np = eal) 50(. 01) F 1.05 compsnenc.A biologist takes two independent measurements of the length of a leaf using two different devices. Let X be the measurement from device A, and let Y be the measurement from device B. Assume E[X]=2 cm E\Y|=2em SD(X) = .05 em SD(¥) = 25 om. (Note that SD(X) denotes the standard deviation of X), Let W = .96X +.04Y. What is the expected value of W’? What is the standard deviation of W? (8 pts.) Ells Eder e047] = MoETX| + .04tLy) = 4602) £0402) 22 Noctul\ = Vor (Ax + os) 2 (AE Verth) + Qo (1) by ndepenaene (Ao)* Coors) + (04)* (026) Fs DORHDY Ce spiw) = ew) c -O0aKo} 10488. On any given day, the probability of a network breakdown is 1/21. The network breakdowns ‘occur independently of one another. (a.) We start monitoring the network on day 1 and continue monitoring the network for day 2, day 3, day 4, ete. Let X be the day on which the first breakdown occurs. What is the distribution of X7 State the name of the distribution and numeric values of parameters. (3 pts.) Xe Germernc(ed, pe (b.) What is the expected day on which the first breakdown occurs? (In other words, what is E(X)?) (3 pts.) \ EX] = Bt Adaye {c.) We have been monitoring the network for one week, and no breakdowns have occured® Now, what is the expected number of additional days until the first breakdown? Why? (3 pis) bat Ys : Yet of ctactiona® days until Sint lortA own, By HL mumonlesy preety of qremuncy Yo aumenclee by. ELYD = Bl edtihinnl days, (d.) What is the probability that no breakdowns occur in the first 5 days? What is the probability that there is exactly 1 breakdown in the first 5 days? (6 pts.) Plime tortotamns in fink Gaays) = (tee)? = (BF = Tovey | ormtdown in firsts aoysl = (S)(4) GRYt = 20 (c.) The number of breakdowns in the next three weeks has an approximate Poisson dis- tribution with rate = 1. What is the probability that there is at least 1 breakdown in the next three weeks? For full credit, express your answer as a single number. (3 pts.) Lek Wis 8 breetdowns WH Prisemlacl) POW EL) = (-Plwed) W net 3 wees, sy - et Ue lg